JP2008083546A - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid crystal display device which is a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device conducting a segment display with simple matrix driving, and with which the deterioration of display quality due to cross talk is suppressed even when the pretilt angle is increased to a certain extent. <P>SOLUTION: A vertical alignment type liquid crystal cell conducting the segment display is disposed between a first polarizing plate and a second polarizing plate, and a viewing angle compensation member is disposed in at least one gap out of a gap between the first polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell and that between the liquid crystal cell and the second polarizing plate. The sum total of retardation in the thickness cross section of the viewing angle compensation member, the first polarizing plate, and the second polarizing plate from the liquid crystal cell side surface of the polarizer of the first polarizing plate to that of the polarizer of the second polarizing plate is set to have reversed positive or negative polarity compared with, and an absolute value larger than, the retardation of the liquid crystal layer in the thickness cross section. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device with viewing angle compensation.

  Conventionally, a method of using a viewing angle compensation plate having various optical characteristics has been proposed as a viewing angle compensation means of a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device. Patent Document 1 discloses a technique relating to viewing angle compensation of a thin film transistor liquid crystal display device, that is, a full-dot type liquid crystal display device.

  In Patent Document 1, a biaxial plate is used as a viewing angle compensation means. The biaxial plate is a viewing angle compensator having three main refractive indexes, and the axis corresponding to the minimum refractive index is parallel to the normal direction of the compensator.

  In Patent Document 1, the slow axis (the axis corresponding to the larger of the two main refractive indexes other than the minimum refractive index) in the plane of the biaxial plate is substantially the same as the absorption axis of the polarizing plate adjacent to the biaxial plate. It is disclosed that it is effective to arrange in parallel or substantially perpendicular and further to set the in-plane retardation of the biaxial plate to 120 nm or less.

  Patent Document 1 also discloses that the retardation in the thickness cross section of the viewing angle compensator is preferably substantially equal to the retardation in the thickness cross section of the liquid crystal cell (paragraph [0044]), and the pretilt angle. Is preferably made as small as possible (liquid crystal molecules are aligned substantially perpendicular to the alignment film surface) (paragraph [0049]).

  The segment display type vertical alignment liquid crystal display device driven by the simple matrix driving method is also designed to make the retardation in the thickness section substantially equal between the viewing angle compensator and the liquid crystal cell, and to reduce the pretilt angle as much as possible. It has been broken.

Japanese Patent No. 3330574

  However, generally, if the pretilt angle is too small, the uniformity in the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules are tilted by voltage application is deteriorated, which may cause display unevenness. In the segment display type liquid crystal display device, since the shape of each segment is more complicated than that of the dot matrix type, oblique electric fields in various directions are easily generated between the segment electrode and the common electrode, particularly in the vicinity of the edge. . Due to this, in the segment display type, the risk of causing display unevenness increases. In order to suppress display unevenness even when an oblique electric field is generated, it is effective to increase the pretilt angle to some extent, specifically, to be 1 ° or more.

  However, generally, when the pretilt angle is increased, the steepness near the threshold voltage of the transmittance-applied voltage characteristic of the liquid crystal cell is distorted. When the pretilt angle is 0.5 ° and 1.5 °, the transmittance-applied voltage characteristic observed at a viewing angle of 0 ° (observed from the front of the cell) is shown in FIG. The transmittance-applied voltage characteristics observed in the tilted state are shown in FIG. In the characteristic of the pretilt angle of 1.5 °, the steepness near the threshold voltage is distorted compared to the characteristic of the pretilt angle of 0.5 °. The sharp sharpness increases as the viewing angle is tilted.

  Even if steep rounding occurs, static driving such as a thin film transistor liquid crystal display device does not cause a problem because the off-voltage is lower than the rounding voltage. However, in the case of simple matrix driving with 1/2 duty or more, the off-voltage is just in the vicinity of this round, and the transmittance of the off-voltage application segment (off segment) is increased by the amount of rounding.

  In particular, in the case of segment display, the off-segment transmittance is higher than the transmittance of the surrounding base, and a phenomenon in which the off-segment can be seen, that is, crosstalk occurs, and display quality is impaired. Crosstalk becomes more prominent as the duty ratio increases (1/8 duty, 1/16 duty or more), and becomes a more serious problem as the display capacity (number of display segments) increases.

  An object of the present invention is a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device that performs segment display by simple matrix driving, and can suppress reduction in display quality due to crosstalk even if the pretilt angle is increased to some extent. A liquid crystal display device is provided.

  According to one aspect of the present invention, a first alignment plate including a first polarizer and a vertical alignment type liquid crystal cell that is disposed above the first polarization plate and includes a liquid crystal layer and performs segment display. And a second polarizing plate disposed above the liquid crystal cell and including a second polarizer, between the first polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell, and between the liquid crystal cell and the second polarization A viewing angle compensation member disposed on at least one of the plates, and a controller for driving the liquid crystal cell in a simple matrix, the viewing angle compensation member, the first polarizing plate, and the second polarization. The total retardation value in the thickness section from the liquid crystal cell side surface of the first polarizer to the liquid crystal cell side surface of the second polarizer is the thickness of the plate in the thickness section of the liquid crystal layer. Provided a liquid crystal display device with a large absolute value that is opposite to the retardation. That.

  The retardation in the thickness section from the liquid crystal cell side surface of the first polarizer to the liquid crystal cell side surface of the second polarizer of the viewing angle compensation member, the first polarizing plate, and the second polarizing plate Display quality due to crosstalk when the liquid crystal cell is driven in a simple matrix by setting the total value to be opposite to the retardation in the thickness cross section of the liquid crystal layer and having a large absolute value. Can be suppressed.

  A liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment. A liquid crystal cell 30 is disposed between the rear polarizing plate 10 and the front polarizing plate 11. The back polarizing plate 10 and the front polarizing plate 11 are arranged in a crossed Nicols arrangement.

  The configuration of the liquid crystal cell 30 will be described. A lower transparent electrode 32 is formed on the upper surface of the lower transparent substrate 31, and a lower alignment film 33 is formed on the upper surface of the lower transparent electrode 32. An upper transparent electrode 37 is formed on the lower surface of the upper transparent substrate 38, and an upper alignment film 36 is formed on the lower surface of the upper transparent electrode 37. The liquid crystal layer 35 is sandwiched between the lower alignment film 33 and the upper alignment film 36 facing each other, and the sealing material 34 seals the liquid crystal layer 35. As the gap control material, for example, a material having a diameter of 4 μm is used.

  The liquid crystal cell 30 performs segment display and is driven in a simple matrix. The lower and upper transparent electrodes 32 and 37 have a pattern corresponding to the display pattern of the liquid crystal cell 30 and are connected to the control device 40. The control device 40 controls the display state.

  Examples of display that performs segment display by simple matrix drive include 7-segment display (character shape 8), audio display (display of setting state including frequency), and air conditioner display (setting state including temperature). Display), odd trip display (distance) in the car meter, and the like.

  As the lower and upper alignment films 33 and 36, for example, a vertical alignment film SE-1211 manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. can be used. By rubbing the lower and upper alignment films 33 and 36 with, for example, a rayon rubbing cloth, a pretilt angle θ is given so that the liquid crystal molecules M fall down in the rubbing direction. The pretilt angle θ is, for example, 1.2 °.

  With reference to FIGS. 2A to 2C, the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate and the rubbing direction of the alignment film will be described. 2A to 2C are planes showing the absorption axis direction of the back polarizing plate 10, the rubbing direction of the lower and upper alignment films 33 and 36, and the absorption axis direction of the front polarizing plate 11, respectively. FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2C, the absorption axis directions D10 and D11 of the rear polarizing plate 10 and the front polarizing plate 11 are orthogonal to each other in plan view (within the display surface). . As shown in FIG. 2B, the rubbing direction D33 of the lower alignment film 33 and the rubbing direction D36 of the upper alignment film 36 are antiparallel to each other. The rubbing directions D33 and D36 are both at an angle of approximately 45 ° with respect to both the absorption axis directions D10 and D11 of the polarizing plates 10 and 11 in the display surface. The range of 35 ° to 55 ° is referred to as approximately 45 °.

  Returning to FIG. 1, the description will be continued. The liquid crystal layer 35 is made of, for example, a liquid crystal material manufactured by Merck Co., Ltd., having a birefringence Δn of 0.14 and a negative dielectric anisotropy (liquid crystal molecules are tilted from the vertical direction when a voltage is applied). When the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 35 is 4 μm and the birefringence Δn is 0.14, the retardation in the thickness cross section of the liquid crystal layer 35 (this is simply referred to as the retardation of the liquid crystal layer 35) is 560 nm. It becomes.

  A viewing angle compensation plate 20 is inserted between the rear polarizing plate 10 and the liquid crystal cell 30. As the viewing angle compensation plate 20, for example, a laminate of two C plates 21 and 22 is used. The C plate is one in which two of the three main refractive indices (two in the plane) are equal, the remaining refractive index is the smallest, and the corresponding axis is parallel to the normal direction of the compensator. is there.

  The optical axes of the C plates 21 and 22 are parallel to the surface normal direction. The retardation in the thickness cross section of each C plate is opposite to the retardation of the liquid crystal layer 35, and has an absolute value of, for example, 260 nm. The retardation in the thickness cross section of the viewing angle compensation plate 20 is, for example, 520 nm.

  As the back polarizing plate 10 and the front polarizing plate 11, for example, those having a structure in which a film serving as a polarizer is protected by a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film are used. Since the TAC film has retardation, the rear polarizing plate 10 and the front polarizing plate 11 also function in the same manner as the C plate.

  In addition, in a normal polarizing plate, there are TAC films on both sides of the polarizer, but in the examples, only the retardation of the TAC film disposed on the liquid crystal cell 30 side than the polarizer is considered. The retardation in the thickness cross section of each polarizing plate (retardation in the thickness cross section of the TAC film disposed on the liquid crystal cell side) is opposite to the retardation of the liquid crystal layer 35, and the absolute value is, for example, 60 nm. is there.

  The viewing angle compensator 20, the rear polarizing plate 10, and the front polarizing plate 11 are within the thickness cross section from the liquid crystal cell side surface of the polarizer of the rear polarizing plate 10 to the liquid crystal cell side surface of the polarizer of the front polarizing plate 11. The total value of the retardation is opposite to that of the retardation of the liquid crystal layer 35, and the absolute value is, for example, 640 nm (520 nm + 60 nm + 60 nm).

  Such a sum of retardation values in the thickness cross section of the liquid crystal layer 35 of the viewing angle compensation plate 20, the rear polarizing plate 10, and the front polarizing plate 11 is referred to as total retardation for compensation. It is a feature of the liquid crystal display device of the embodiment that the total retardation for compensation is opposite to the retardation of the liquid crystal layer 35 (for example, 560 nm) and has a large absolute value.

  It should be noted that the total retardation for compensation is opposite to the retardation of the liquid crystal layer 35 and that the absolute value is large. Simply, the total retardation for compensation is more than the retardation of the liquid crystal layer. Let's express it as big.

  In addition, when the absolute value of the total retardation for compensation is 101% or more with respect to the absolute value of the retardation of the liquid crystal layer, the absolute value of the total retardation for compensation is determined to be larger. When the absolute value of the total retardation for compensation is 100% or more and less than 101% with respect to the absolute value of the retardation of the liquid crystal layer, it is considered that both are substantially equal.

  Next, with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B, an experiment in which the viewing angle characteristic of the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment is measured will be described. As in the above example, the measurement was performed on a liquid crystal display device in which the retardation of the liquid crystal layer was 560 nm and the total retardation for compensation was 640 nm. The on-transmittance, off-transmittance, and base transmittance (transmittance when the applied voltage is 0 V) in the case of simple matrix driving with 1/8 duty and 1/4 bias were measured. Graphs of the measurement results are shown in FIGS. 3 (A) and 3 (B).

  As a first comparative example, a liquid crystal display device having a total retardation for compensation of 560 nm equal to the retardation of the liquid crystal layer was produced, and the same measurement was performed. This apparatus is the apparatus of the first embodiment, and the viewing angle compensator is manufactured by replacing two C plates each having a retardation of 220 nm. Graphs of the measurement results are shown in FIGS. 7 (A) and 7 (B).

  In the display surface, the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules fall by voltage application is defined as the upward direction, and the opposite direction is defined as the downward direction. In the graphs of FIGS. 3A, 3B, 7A, and 7B, the horizontal axis indicates the viewing angle in the upward and downward directions, and the vertical axis indicates the transmittance. The broken line is the on transmittance, the dotted line is the off transmittance, and the solid line is the base transmittance. 3 (B) and FIG. 7 (B) are enlarged views of the low transmittance range of FIG. 3 (A) and FIG. 7 (A), respectively.

  The downward direction is a so-called best viewing direction, and is a direction in which the on-transmittance is maintained at a high level even when the viewing angle is tilted. On the other hand, the upward direction is a direction in which there exists an angle range (an angle range in which the display is crushed) in which the on-transmittance is reduced to the same extent as the off-transmittance. Usually, the liquid crystal display device is often used so as to be seen from the best viewing direction (downward), and is rarely used to be seen from the opposite direction (upward).

  In general, when the off transmittance is larger than the base transmittance, the off segment appears to be slightly on, resulting in poor display quality. That is, the crosstalk deteriorates the display quality. On the other hand, when the off transmittance is smaller than the base transmittance, the off segment is not so noticeable because the off segment is darker than the base. That is, the display quality does not deteriorate so much.

  Consider the difference between the off transmittance and the base transmittance in the best viewing direction (downward). In the first comparative example (FIG. 7B), since the off-transmittance is larger than the base transmittance from the viewing angle of 0 ° to 60 °, there is a concern that display quality may be deteriorated due to crosstalk. As the viewing angle increases, the difference between the off transmittance and the base transmittance increases, and the crosstalk becomes worse.

  In the first example (FIG. 3B), the off-transmittance is slightly larger than the base transmittance from a viewing angle of about 0 ° to 40 °, but the difference between the off-transmittance and the base transmittance is very small. Crosstalk is suppressed. When the viewing angle is about 40 ° or more, the off transmittance is lower than the base transmittance. As the viewing angle further increases, the difference between the off-transmittance and the base transmittance becomes slightly larger, but the display quality does not deteriorate much because the off-transmittance is smaller than the base transmittance. Thus, the crosstalk in the best viewing direction can be suppressed by making the total retardation for compensation larger than the retardation of the liquid crystal layer.

  Note that, in the direction opposite to the best viewing direction, the off-transmittance is larger than the base transmittance in both the first comparative example and the first example. In the first embodiment, the difference between the off transmittance and the base transmittance is slightly larger than that in the first comparative example, and crosstalk is likely to occur. However, as described above, in the direction opposite to the best viewing direction, there is an angle range in which the display is crushed, so the display is rarely seen from that direction. Therefore, even if crosstalk is likely to occur in this direction, there will be no problem in practical use.

  Next, referring to FIG. 4 (A), FIG. 4 (B), FIG. 5 (A), and FIG. 5 (B), how much the total retardation for compensation is larger than the retardation of the liquid crystal layer. An experiment for examining whether or not it is particularly preferable will be described.

  In the liquid crystal display device of the first example, one having a total retardation for compensation of 690 nm and one having 575 nm were prepared. The retardation of the liquid crystal layer was 560 nm. The viewing angle characteristics of the former (690 nm) are shown in FIGS. 4 (A) and 4 (B), and the viewing angle characteristics of the latter (575 nm) are shown in FIGS. 5 (A) and 5 (B).

  In the graphs of FIGS. 4A, 4B, 5A, and 5B, the horizontal axis indicates the viewing angle in the upward and downward directions, and the vertical axis indicates the transmittance. The broken line is the on transmittance, the dotted line is the off transmittance, and the solid line is the base transmittance. 4B and 5B are enlarged views of the low transmittance range of FIGS. 4A and 5A, respectively.

  Consider the difference between the off transmittance and the base transmittance in the best viewing direction (downward). As shown in FIGS. 4 (A) and 4 (B), in an apparatus in which the total retardation for compensation is 690 nm, the off-transmittance and the background transmission are in a large viewing angle range (for example, a range of 40 ° or more). The difference from the rate is slightly larger. However, since the off-transmittance is smaller than the base transmittance, the display quality can be lowered.

  If the total retardation for compensation is made larger than 690 nm, the difference between the off transmittance and the base transmittance will become too large as the base transmittance increases. In the range where the total retardation for compensation is larger than 690 nm, even if the off transmittance is smaller than the base transmittance, the deterioration of display quality will be unacceptable.

  As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, in the apparatus in which the total retardation for compensation is 575 nm, the off transmittance is larger than the base transmittance, but the off transmittance and the base transmittance are The difference is suppressed to be smaller than that of the first comparative example described with reference to FIGS. 7A and 7B (when the total retardation for compensation is equal to the retardation of the liquid crystal layer). It has been. That is, crosstalk is suppressed.

  From these experiments, it is considered that when the retardation of the liquid crystal layer is 560 nm, it is particularly preferable that the total retardation for compensation is in the range of 575 nm to 690 nm. When generalized so that the retardation of the liquid crystal layer can be applied to other values, it is 1.03 times (575 nm / 560 nm) or more and 1.23 times (690 nm / 560 nm) or less of the retardation of the liquid crystal layer. It is considered that it is particularly preferable to set the total retardation (absolute value) for compensation so that

  Next, an experiment for examining a suitable pretilt angle will be described. When the pretilt angle was very small (for example, 0.4 °), almost no crosstalk occurred. Also, there was no change in the way crosstalk occurred under any compensation conditions. In this case, since the blackness of the underlayer can be secured, it is considered that the display quality is best when the retardation of the liquid crystal layer is equal to the total retardation for compensation.

  When the pretilt angle is larger than 5 °, even if the total retardation for compensation is larger than the retardation of the liquid crystal layer, the crosstalk cannot be reduced to a satisfactory level. Furthermore, it was found that the ability of the compensator cannot be fully exploited, for example, the viewing angle becomes asymmetric due to the effect of the pretilt angle.

  When experiments were conducted for various pretilt angles, the effect of reducing crosstalk by making the total retardation for compensation larger than the retardation of the liquid crystal layer is remarkable. The pretilt angle is 1 ° or more and 5 ° or less. It turns out that this is the case.

  Next, a liquid crystal display device according to a second embodiment will be described. The liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment differs from the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment in the configuration of the viewing angle compensation plate. The viewing angle compensation plate of the first embodiment has a structure in which two C plates are laminated, but the viewing angle compensation plate of the second embodiment has a C plate and a biaxial plate, and a C plate on the liquid crystal cell side. In this structure, a plate is arranged and a biaxial plate is arranged on the polarizing plate side.

  As in the previous examples, the retardation of the liquid crystal layer is set to 560 nm. A C plate having a retardation of 240 nm is used. A biaxial plate having a retardation of 50 nm in the plane and 240 nm in the thickness section is used. The retardation in the thickness section of the viewing angle compensator is 480 nm. The retardation in the thickness section of the two polarizing plates is 120 nm as in the above example. The total retardation for compensation is 600 nm. This is about 1.07 times the retardation of the liquid crystal layer. The optical axis in the plane of the biaxial plate is perpendicular to the absorption axis of the adjacent polarizing plate.

  Next, with reference to FIGS. 6A and 6B, an experiment in which the viewing angle characteristic of the liquid crystal display device of the second embodiment is measured will be described. As a second comparative example, a liquid crystal display device having a total retardation for compensation of 560 nm equal to the retardation of the liquid crystal layer was produced, and the same measurement was performed. This apparatus is the apparatus of the second embodiment, in which a viewing angle compensation plate is formed by laminating a C plate having a retardation of 220 nm and a biaxial plate having a retardation of 50 nm in the plane and a thickness of 220 nm in the cross section. It produced in place of. Graphs of the measurement results are shown in FIGS. 8 (A) and 8 (B).

  In the graphs of FIGS. 6A, 6B, 8A, and 8B, the horizontal axis indicates the viewing angle in the upward and downward directions, and the vertical axis indicates the transmittance. The broken line is the on transmittance, the dotted line is the off transmittance, and the solid line is the base transmittance. FIGS. 6B and 8B are enlarged views of the low transmittance range of FIGS. 6A and 8A, respectively.

  Regarding the best viewing direction (downward direction), the off transmittance is larger than the base transmittance in both the second comparative example and the second embodiment, but the difference between the off transmittance and the base transmittance is the second. In the Example, it is restrained very small with respect to the 2nd comparative example. Thus, even when a biaxial plate is used as the viewing angle compensation plate, it has been found that a method of making the total retardation for compensation larger than the retardation of the liquid crystal layer is effective.

  As described above, by making the total retardation for compensation larger than the retardation of the liquid crystal layer, even if the pretilt angle is somewhat large, crosstalk is suppressed, and a liquid crystal display device with high display quality can be obtained. . In particular, the total retardation (absolute value) for compensation is preferably in the range of 1.03 times or more and 1.23 times or less of the retardation (absolute value) of the liquid crystal layer. The pretilt angle is preferably in the range of 1 ° to 5 °.

  In the above embodiment, the viewing angle compensation plate is arranged between one polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell. However, it is also possible to arrange a viewing angle compensation plate between each polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell. . When the polarizing plate has no retardation, the retardation of the viewing angle compensation plate is the total retardation for compensation.

  As a possible combination, there may be a case where the polarizing plate has a sufficiently large retardation, and the viewing angle compensation plate is not disposed alone (for example, a viewing angle compensation plate is laminated instead of the TAC film on the liquid crystal cell side). In the case of using a polarizing plate). In this case, the retardation of the polarizing plate is the total retardation for compensation. If this is larger than the retardation of the liquid crystal layer, an effect of reducing crosstalk will be obtained.

  Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, improvements, combinations, and the like can be made.

It is a schematic sectional drawing of the liquid crystal display device by the Example of this invention. 2A is a plan view showing the absorption axis direction of the back polarizing plate, FIG. 2B is a plan view showing the rubbing directions of the lower and upper alignment films, and FIG. It is a top view which shows the absorption-axis direction of a front polarizing plate. FIGS. 3A and 3B are graphs showing the on transmittance, the off transmittance, and the base transmittance of the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment in which the total retardation for compensation is 640 nm. It is. FIGS. 4A and 4B are graphs showing viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device in the first embodiment in which the total retardation for compensation is 690 nm. FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are graphs showing the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment in which the total retardation for compensation is 575 nm. 6A and 6B are graphs showing the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device of the second embodiment. 7A and 7B are graphs showing the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device of the first comparative example. 8A and 8B are graphs showing the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device of the second comparative example. FIGS. 9A and 9B are graphs showing how the transmittance-applied voltage characteristics change according to the pretilt angle.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Back polarizing plate 11 Front polarizing plate 20 Viewing angle compensator 21, 22 C plate 30 Liquid crystal cell 31 Lower transparent substrate 32 Lower transparent electrode 33 Lower alignment film 34 Sealing material 35 Liquid crystal layer 36 Upper alignment film 37 Upper transparent electrode 38 Upper transparent substrate 40 Controller M Liquid crystal molecule θ Pretilt angle

Claims (6)

A first polarizing plate including a first polarizer;
A vertically aligned liquid crystal cell that is disposed above the first polarizing plate, includes a liquid crystal layer, and performs segment display;
A second polarizing plate disposed above the liquid crystal cell and including a second polarizer;
A viewing angle compensation member disposed between at least one of the first polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell and between the liquid crystal cell and the second polarizing plate;
A controller for driving the liquid crystal cell in a simple matrix,
Thickness cross sections of the viewing angle compensation member, the first polarizing plate, and the second polarizing plate from the liquid crystal cell side surface of the first polarizer to the liquid crystal cell side surface of the second polarizer The total value of the retardations in the liquid crystal display device has a large absolute value with the positive and negative being opposite to the retardation in the thickness cross section of the liquid crystal layer.   2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein an absolute value of the total value is in a range of 1.03 times or more and 1.23 times or less of an absolute value of retardation in a thickness section of the liquid crystal layer.   The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a pretilt angle is given to the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, and the pretilt angle is in a range of 1 ° to 5 °.   The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the viewing angle compensation member includes a C plate or a biaxial plate.   The first and second polarizing plates are arranged in a mutually orthogonal Nicols arrangement, and the direction of the absorption axis of the first and second polarizing plates and the direction in which the pretilt angle is given are within the display surface. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein the liquid crystal display device forms approximately 45 °. A first polarizing plate including a first polarizer;
A vertically aligned liquid crystal cell that is disposed above the first polarizing plate, includes a liquid crystal layer, and performs segment display;
A second polarizing plate disposed above the liquid crystal cell and including a second polarizer;
A controller for driving the liquid crystal cell in a simple matrix,
The retardation in the thickness cross section from the liquid crystal cell side surface of the first polarizer to the liquid crystal cell side surface of the second polarizer of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate. The total value is a liquid crystal display device in which the positive and negative are opposite and the absolute value is large with respect to the retardation in the thickness cross section of the liquid crystal layer.

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