JP2008074830A - Antioxidant, and food, medicine and cosmetic containing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new antioxidant, and further to provide an antioxidant which is stable to heat and/or is soluble in water. <P>SOLUTION: This anti-oxidizing agent is originated from a Gymnodinium impudicum. The anti-oxidizing agent eliminates super oxides. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

 The present invention relates to antioxidants produced by dinoflagellates, in particular superoxide scavengers.

In general, as antioxidants derived from natural products, for example, antioxidant vitamins such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and tocopherols (vitamin E), and antioxidant polyphenols such as anthocyanins are well known. It is widely used as food, cosmetics or additives.
In addition, smoking / drinking, stress, and unbalanced eating habits in our lives are said to be a cause of lifestyle-related diseases, but it is suggested that antioxidants be taken as preventive or therapeutic measures. Has been.

Here, there are water-soluble and fat-soluble antioxidants, and it is desirable to take both of them for the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases as described above.
However, for example, ascorbic acid, which is a typical water-soluble antioxidant, has a problem that it is unstable to heat.

 On the other hand, rafid algae and green algae have been reported as antioxidants derived from red tide plankton (Non-patent Document 1). However, these plankton-derived antioxidants have a problem that the antioxidant action is deactivated by heat.

Study on active oxygen scavengers present in red tide-causing plankton, Chattonella marina Research report No. 82, 93-97,2001

  An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and to provide a novel antioxidant. It is another object of the present invention to provide an antioxidant that is stable to heat and / or soluble in water.

Under such circumstances, as a result of intensive studies by the inventors, it has been found that an antioxidant extracted from dinoflagellates can solve the above problems.
Until now, most of the antioxidant activity was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH method) or chemiluminescence method. However, as a result of intensive studies by the inventor of the present application, the antioxidant activity derived from red tide plankton is due to the presence of interfering substances such as iron complexes in the DPPH method and chemiluminescence method depending on the type of red tide plankton. Furthermore, it has been found that antioxidant activity may not be detected.
Therefore, the present inventors tried to measure the antioxidant activity derived from red tide plankton by electron spin resonance (ESR method).
In other words, the present inventors succeeded in measuring the antioxidant activity of red tide plankton that could not be measured by measuring the antioxidant activity derived from red tide plankton using a method different from the conventional method. Thus, the present invention has been completed.

Specifically, it was achieved by the following means.
(1) Antioxidants derived from dinoflagellates.
(2) The antioxidant according to (1), wherein the antioxidant eliminates superoxide.
(3) The antioxidant according to (1) or (2), wherein the dinoflagellate belongs to the genus Gymnodinium.
(4) The antioxidant according to (1) or (2), wherein the dinoflagellate is Gymnodinium impudicum.
(5) The antioxidant according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the antioxidant is water-soluble.
(6) The antioxidant according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the antioxidant activity does not decrease even when heat-treated at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes or more.
(7) A food containing the antioxidant according to any one of (1) to (6).
(8) The chemical | medical agent containing the antioxidant of any one of (1)-(6).
(9) A cosmetic comprising the antioxidant according to any one of (1) to (6).

  Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be described in detail. In the present specification, “to” is used to mean that the numerical values described before and after it are included as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.

  The antioxidant of the present invention is derived from dinoflagellates, preferably from the genus Scrippsiella, Gymnodinium, Alexandrium, Karenia, Heterocapsa, Akashiwo, more preferably from the genus Gymnodinium belongs to. Examples of dinoflagellates derived from the genus Gymnodinium include Gymnodinium impudicum and Gymnodium catenatum. In the present invention, those derived from Gymnodinium impudicum are particularly preferred.

The antioxidant of the present invention is particularly preferably water-soluble. That is, the antioxidant of the present invention can be extracted with water, and can also be added to water-soluble foods.
Furthermore, the antioxidant of the present invention preferably has thermal stability. In particular, it is preferable that the antioxidant activity does not decrease even when heat-treated at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes or more, that is, the activity ratio is 1 or more. More preferably, those whose antioxidant activity does not decrease even when heat-treated at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes or more are preferred.
Furthermore, the antioxidant of the present invention can be such that the antioxidant activity does not decrease even in a dry state.

Hereinafter, an example of the method for separating the antioxidant of the present invention will be described. First, a large amount of dinoflagellate is cultured. The medium at this time is not particularly limited as long as it is used for culturing marine microalgae. For example, Guillard's f / 2 medium or Iwasaki's SWII medium can be used. However, when dinoflagellates are exposed to a high concentration of nutrients, their growth may rather worsen, and the existing culture fluid also contains components such as Cu that inhibit the growth of microalgae, so its composition As for, slight modifications may be made depending on the culture conditions and the type used.
In addition, it is not necessary to prepare the culture solution from distilled water, and it is simple and preferable that the nutrients necessary for natural filtered seawater that has been filtered in advance with a glass filter and aged for several months in the dark are fortified. Is obtained.
The obtained dinoflagellate algae may be subjected to ultrasonic treatment if necessary.
Then, the dinoflagellate of the present invention that has been cultured and collected is killed or not killed as it is or in the form of a dried product, or an extract with water or an aqueous solvent, or methanol, ethanol, or other relatively polar substances. It can be used as an antioxidant in the form of extraction with an organic solvent.
The antioxidant derived from the dinoflagellate of the present invention is stable to heat even in the form of an aqueous solution, and can be such that it does not lose its activity even when dried under high heat conditions.

 Furthermore, the antioxidant of the present invention can be safe and edible, and is extremely useful as a stable antioxidant regardless of the form of liquid or powder. Useful as cosmetics, food and drinks.

  When used as an antioxidant as a pharmaceutical or quasi drug, the antioxidant of the present invention may be administered by itself, but preferably as a pharmaceutical composition that can be produced by methods well known to those skilled in the art. Can be administered. Examples of the pharmaceutical composition include tablets, capsules, powders, fine granules, granules, liquids, and syrups. Said pharmaceutical composition can be manufactured by adding a pharmacologically and pharmaceutically acceptable additive. Examples of pharmacologically and pharmaceutically acceptable additives include, for example, excipients, disintegrants or disintegration aids, binders, lubricants, coating agents, dyes, diluents, bases, and dissolution. Examples thereof include agents or solubilizers, tonicity agents, pH adjusters, stabilizers, propellants, and pressure-sensitive adhesives. You may mix | blend 1 type (s) or 2 or more types with other antioxidant in the said pharmaceutical composition within the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention. The administration method of the antioxidant of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any of internal preparations and external preparations may be used, and internal preparations are preferred. The internal preparation may be administered by intravenous injection as an injection, an infusion, or the like, or may be administered orally. Further, the dosage of the pharmaceutical agent of the present invention is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the type of active ingredient and the like, and should generally be considered such as patient weight and age, disease type and symptoms, administration route, etc. Depending on various factors, it can be appropriately increased or decreased. In general, when used as an internal preparation, it can be used in the range of 0.05 to 50 g, preferably 0.5 to 5 g per day for an adult. Moreover, when using as an external preparation, it can be used in the range of 0.01 to 100 g, preferably 0.1 to 10 g per day for an adult.

  Cosmetics containing antioxidants include lotions, cosmetic liquids, aqueous foundations, aqueous teaks, aqueous eye shadows, aqueous mascaras, aqueous lips, cleansings, facial cleansers, shampoos, makeup removers, emulsions, massage agents and A pack agent etc. can be mentioned as a preferable example.

  Foods and drinks containing antioxidants include health foods, diet foods, instant foods, beverages, flour products, confectionery, basic seasonings, compound seasonings, dairy products, frozen foods, marine products, livestock processing Products, agricultural processed products and other commercially available foods are preferable examples.

  Furthermore, the antioxidant of the present invention may generally contain various carriers and additives used for pharmaceuticals or quasi drugs, foods and drinks, and the like. Various carriers include various carrier carriers, extenders, diluents, extenders, dispersants, excipients, binder solvents, solubilizers, buffers, dissolution promoters, gelling agents, suspending agents, Examples include wheat flour, rice flour, starch, corn starch, presaccharide, milk protein, collagen, rice oil, and lecithin. Examples of additives include vitamins, sweeteners, organic acids, colorants, fragrances, anti-wetting agents, fibers, electrolytes, minerals, nutrients, antioxidants, preservatives, fragrances, wetting agents, natural plants Examples include extracts, feed additives, coffee extracts, cocoa extracts, fruit extracts, vegetable extracts, and the like.

  The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples. The materials, amounts used, ratios, processing details, processing procedures, and the like shown in the following examples can be changed as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific examples shown below.

Example 1
The antioxidant activity of various red tide plankton-derived water-soluble extracts was measured.

Sample Antioxidant activity was measured for the red tide plankton shown below (obtained from Fisheries Research Center Seto Inland Sea Fisheries Research Institute).

The details of the red tide plankton adopted are as follows.

Culturing was performed using the following medium.
(1) Sample 1, 2, 5, 6
(Culture medium)
NaNO ₃ 45 mg, NaH ₂ PO ₄ .2H ₂ O 4 mg, Fe-EDTA 0.21 mg, Mn-EDTA 0.17 mg, CoCl ₂ .6H ₂ O 0.12 mg, H ₂ SeO ₃ 0.5 μg , 0.5 mg of EDTA · 2Na and 1 mL of vitamin mixed solution (however, in 1000 mL Thiamine-HCl 0.1 mg, Ca-pantothenate 0.1 mg, p-Aminobenzoic acid 10 μg, Biotine 1 μg, Inositol 5 mg, Thymine 3 mg, Vitamine B ₁₂ containing 1 μg and Folic acid 2 μg) was used, and the bacteria were sterilized by heating at 75 ° C. for 2 hours or ultraviolet irradiation without adjusting the pH.

(Culture method)
350 mL of the culture solution was dispensed into a 1 liter container previously sterilized by dry heat at 135 ° C. for about 1 hour, 1 mL of a solution containing 20 g of streptomycin was added to 1000 mL, and the cell density was increased to about 30,000 cells / mL. A 25 mL aliquot of the stock culture was collected and immediately inoculated into a fresh culture.
No aeration or agitation was performed. For the light irradiation, a white fluorescent lamp is used as a light source, the illuminance is set to 120 μmol / m ² / s (photosynthesis effective photon flux density), a light / dark cycle of 16 hours light: 8 hours dark is given, and the culture temperature is 22 ° C. By culturing, the maximum cell density was reached in 8 days and algae could be collected.

(Algae collection method)
The cultured algae were collected using a swinging centrifuge at 2200 rpm under mild conditions for 2 minutes.

(2) Sample 3, 4
(Culture medium)
For 1000 mL of natural filtered seawater, NaNO ₃ 170 mg, NaH ₂ PO ₄ .2H ₂ O 15.6 mg, Fe-EDTA 0.84 mg, Mn-EDTA 0.69 mg, CoCl ₂ .6H ₂ O 0.24 mg, H ₂ 1 μg of SeO ₃ , 2 mg of EDTA · 2Na, 1 mL of vitamin mixture solution (however, in 1000 mL Thiamine-HCl 0.1 mg, Ca-pantothenate 0.1 mg, p-Aminobenzoic acid 10 μg, Biotine 1 μg, Inositol 5 mg, Thymine 3 mg, Vitamine B ₁₂ 1 μg, containing 2 μg of Folic acid) was used, and the bacteria were sterilized by heating at 75 ° C. for 2 hours or ultraviolet irradiation without adjusting the pH.

(Culture method)
350 mL of the culture solution was dispensed into a 1 liter container previously sterilized by dry heat at 135 ° C. for about 1 hour, 1 mL of a solution containing 20 g of streptomycin was added to 1000 mL, and the cell density was increased to about 50,000 cells / mL. A 25 mL aliquot of the stock culture was collected and immediately inoculated into a fresh culture.
No aeration or agitation was performed. For the light irradiation, a white fluorescent lamp is used as a light source, the illuminance is set to 120 μmol / m ² / s (photosynthesis effective photon flux density), a light / dark cycle of 16 hours light: 8 hours dark is given, and the culture temperature is 24 ° C. By culturing, the maximum cell density was reached in 6 days, and algae could be collected.

(Algae collection method)
The cultured algae were collected using a swing-type centrifuge at 2000 rpm under mild conditions for 2 minutes.

(3) Sample7
(Culture medium)
NaNO ₃ 170 mg, NaH ₂ PO ₄ .2H ₂ O 15.6 mg, Fe-EDTA 0.84 mg, Mn-EDTA 0.69 mg, NaSiO ₃ 122 mg, CoCl ₂ .6H ₂ O 0. 24 mg, H ₂ SeO ₃ 1 μg, EDTA · 2Na 2 mg, and vitamin mixture solution 1 mL (however, in 1000 mL Thiamine-HCl 0.1 mg, Ca-pantothenate 0.1 mg, p-Aminobenzoic acid 10 μg, Biotine 1 μg, Inositol 5 mg, Thymine 3 mg, containing 1 μg of Vitamine B ₁₂ and 2 μg of Folic acid), and then sterilized by heating at 75 ° C. for 2 hours or ultraviolet irradiation without adjusting the pH.

(Culture method)
350 mL of the culture solution was dispensed into a 1 liter container previously sterilized by dry heat at 135 ° C. for about 1 hour, 1 mL of a solution containing 20 g of streptomycin was added to 1000 mL, and the cell density was increased to about 500,000 cells / mL. A 25 mL aliquot of the stock culture was collected and immediately inoculated into a fresh culture.
No aeration or agitation was performed. For the light irradiation, a white fluorescent lamp is used as a light source, the illuminance is set to 120 μmol / m ² / s (photosynthesis effective photon flux density), a light / dark cycle of 16 hours light: 8 hours dark is given, and the culture temperature is 22 ° C. By culturing, the maximum cell density was reached in 5 days, and algae could be collected.

(Algae collection method)
The cultured algae were collected using a swing-type centrifuge at 2000 rpm under mild conditions for 2 minutes.

(Method for preparing water-soluble fraction)
The various red tide plankton obtained by the above method was adjusted for water-soluble fraction by the following method.
Various red tide planktons were stored frozen at −30 ° C. until preparation. The chlorophyll content of various red tide planktons was confirmed, pure water was added so that the final concentration was 60 μg / mL, and sonication was performed to completely destroy the cells after pipetting. The ultrasonic treatment was repeated about 10 times for 1 minute until the cells were completely broken. All treatments were performed at a low temperature of 4 ° C. The plankton suspension after sonication was centrifuged (15000 rpm, 5 min), and the supernatant was used as a sample of a water-soluble fraction.

(Quantification method of chlorophyll in various samples)
In order to ascertain the existing amount of red tide plankton, numbers such as wet weight, critical dryness and carbon content are usually used. However, many red tide planktons secrete a large amount of viscous polysaccharides outside the cell, and the amount is further increased by physical stimulation such as centrifugation. For this reason, no matter how skillfully cultivated red tide plankton is obtained, it is inevitable to bring in a liquid medium encapsulated in water-soluble polysaccharides, the amount of which is twice the volume of red tide plankton. May also be reached. In addition, since the liquid medium is based on seawater containing a large amount of salt, it is impossible to grasp the exact amount of dry weight because the weight of mineral is brought in. Thus, since the red tide plankton varies in the amount of polysaccharide secretion depending on the type, it is desirable to grasp the cultivated red tide plankton by the carbon amount in order to grasp the cultured red tide plankton uniformly as the biomass. However, since 24 times as much carbon dioxide as in the air is contained in the liquid medium, it is necessary to perform a precise acid treatment for the measurement, which is complicated and results in a large error in measurement results. It is already known that red tide plankton has chloroplasts in cells like terrestrial plants, and its amount per cell volume is almost constant across cell types. For this reason, in order to accurately grasp the existing amount of red tide plankton of different types, it is desirable to evaluate the amount of chlorophyll contained widely as an index.
Therefore, in this example, the amount of chlorophyll was measured. The amount of chlorophyll was extracted from the sample from which liquid medium was removed as much as possible by filtration, centrifugation, etc., and cooled 98% dimethylformamide was added as appropriate, and the sample was crushed with ultrasound to extract chlorophyll. . Since dimethylformamide has a high extractability, a sufficient amount of chlorophyll could be extracted by simply storing it in the refrigerator overnight after adding the solvent. The obtained dye was quantified using a fluorometer (excitation wavelength: 460 nm, emission wavelength: 665 nm) for the purpose of measuring chlorophyll. A calibration curve was prepared by appropriately diluting commercially available purified chlorophyll powder with an organic solvent.

(Antioxidant activity test-Superoxide scavenging activity by chemiluminescence method (SOD-like activity))
Conventionally, it was measured by the chemiluminescence method used for the antioxidant activity test. Specifically, the following method was used.
<Preparation of Tris-HCl buffer containing 0.6 mM EDTA>
Tris (hydoroxymetyhl) aminomethane (Tris) (48.4 g) was dissolved in 1000 mL of pure water to prepare a 0.4 M Tris aqueous solution. 200 mL of 2N hydrochloric acid was diluted with 800 mL of distilled water to prepare a 0.4N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution. A 0.2 M Tris aqueous solution (500 mL) and a 0.2 N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (384 mL) were mixed, and distilled water (116 mL) was further added to make a total volume of 1000 mL. The pH was measured and adjusted with 0.4 M Tris aqueous solution or 0.4 N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (0.2 M Tris-hydrochloric acid buffer pH 7.6). 22.3 mg (60 mM) EDTA was dissolved in 10 mL distilled water and 1 mL was added to 100 mL Tris-HCl buffer.

<Preparation of 2 μM L-012 aqueous solution (Mw: 310.67)>
It was adjusted to 200 μM (6.2 mg / mL (20 mM) diluted 100-fold) with distilled water, and diluted 100-fold at the start of the test. Ice-cooled until use.
<Preparation of 1 mM hypoxanthine aqueous solution (HPX) (Mw: 136.11)>
It was adjusted to 1 mM with distilled water (100 mM 13.6 mg / mL (suspension state that cannot be completely dissolved) diluted 100 times).
<Preparation of xanthine oxidase (XOD) (10 U)>
It was diluted with 0.6 mM EDTA and adjusted to 20 mU / mL (final concentration: 5 mU / mL). Ice-cooled until use.

<Operation procedure>
First, a solution containing 50 μL of L-012, 10 μL of Tris-HCl buffer, 20 μL of XOD, and 10 μL of purified water was dispensed into a 96-well plate and incubated at 25 ° C. for 1 minute. And the nonspecific light emission which was not suppressed by the sample by the auto-oxidation of L-012 at this time was measured. When luminescence was stabilized, HPX (100 μL) was added using an injector. The integrated value of chemiluminescence for 5 minutes was determined. The erasing activity of the chemiluminescence method was converted to an SOD-like activity value using an SOD activity calibration curve.

(Antioxidant activity test-SOD-like activity by electron spin resonance (ESR) method)
Materials used <Reagent>
0.1 M phosphate buffer (P.B.) (pH 7.4): A commercially available phosphoric acid (No. 167-1449, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) was dissolved in purified water.
2 mM Hyp (FW: 136.1): HPX (manufactured by Sigma, H-9377) 13.6 mg B. Dissolved in 50 mL. Since it was difficult to dissolve, it was dissolved while stirring overnight while warming.
0.4 U / mL of XOD: XOD (manufactured by Labotech, derived from Cow milk, EC 1.1.3.22) 20 μL (20 U / mL) of the above P.I. B. 980 μL was added (50-fold dilution).
DMPO (5,5-Dimethyl-Prroloine-N-oxide): DMPO (manufactured by Labotech) was mixed with purified water so that the ratio (weight ratio) was 1: 1.
DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide): DMSO (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., No. 10378-00) was used.
SOD (Superoxide dismutase): SOD (manufactured by Sigma, s-5395, EC 1.15.1.1) SOD solution prepared by adjusting Sigma (s-5395) to 5000 U / mL, 50, 25, 12 Dilute to 0.5, 6.25, 3.125 U / mL.

<machine>
Electron spin resonance device JES-FA100 (JEOL)
<Method>
The SOD-like activity of various plankton water-soluble extracts was measured by the ESR spin trapping method using DMPO and converted to the SOD-like activity concentration.
All Samples are 0.1M P.M. B. Was used after being diluted 2 times. Superoxide was generated in the HPX / XOD system.
Further, Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG, manufactured by Roche Vitamin Co., Ltd. (currently DSM)) 1 mg / mL diluted 100-fold (8.15 nM) was used as a marker for erasing activity.

<procedure>
The following reagents were added to a 15 mm diameter test tube in the following order:
HPX 50μL
DMSO 30μL
Sample 50μL
DMPO 20μL
XOD 50μL
After addition of XOD, the mixture was stirred for 10 seconds by Vortex and sucked into an aqueous solution cell. ESR measurement was started 60 seconds after XOD addition.

ESR measurement conditions Resonance frequency: 9.42 GHz
Output: 4mW
Magnetic field modulation: 100 kHz
Observation magnetic field: 335.5 ± 5mT
Measurement time: 2min
Modulation width: 0.07mT
Gain: 200

In preparing a calibration curve used for obtaining SOD-like activity, SOD with known activity was added instead of Sample. 0.1M P.I. B. When the relative intensity of the spectrum at the time of addition (control) with respect to the Mn marker is represented as I ₀ and the relative intensity of the spectrum observed at the time of addition of SOD with respect to the Mn marker is represented by I,
X axis: SOD activity Y axis: (I ₀ / I) -1
A calibration curve was created.
The measurement was performed twice for each sample. Antioxidant activity was determined by converting to an SOD-like activity concentration using an SOD activity calibration curve.

The results of SOD-like activity by the chemiluminescence method and SOD-like activity by the electron spin resonance (ESR) method are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively.
As a result, it was confirmed that the dinoflagellate has an antioxidant activity.
In particular, in Samples 4 and 6, a correlation was recognized in the chemiluminescence method and the ESR method. However, for dinoflagellates (especially the genus Gymnodinium), no chemiluminescence SOD-like activity was observed at all, or those with very low SOD-like activity were measured by measuring the SOD-like activity by the ESR method. High SOD-like activity was observed. That is, by measuring the SOD-like activity by the ESR method, it was revealed that dinoflagellates (especially the genus Gymnodinium) also produce antioxidants.

Example 2
Among these, the thermal stability of Sample 1, Sample 3 and Chattonella ovata (CO) extract (each 60 μg chlorophyll equivalent / mL) and ascorbic acid (ASA) 69.8 μM (12.3 μg / mL) was examined.

Dispense 300 μL of the sample into 16.5 mm × 45 mm vials and dry heat sterilizer (SANYO, MOV-112S) for 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes at 100 ° C. and 30, 60 minutes at 200 ° C. After heat treatment and returning to room temperature, SOD-like activity was measured. The state at this time was a dry state. The SOD-like activity of the sample without heat treatment was set to 1, and the SOD-like activity after each heat treatment was determined as the ratio (%) of the SOD-like activity. The results are shown in FIG. 3 and FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3, Sample 1 (Gymnodinium genus) exhibited an SOD-like activity of 1.4 times after heating for 30 minutes and an SOD-like activity of about 2 times after 100 minutes. CO, Sample 3, and ASA other than Sample 1 had less than half the SOD-like activity after 30 minutes of heating.
Also in FIG. 4, the activity of Sample 1 was increased up to 4 times by heating in the same manner as the heat treatment at 100 ° C.

In addition, when other samples derived from the genus Gymnodinium were also performed in the same manner, the heat treatment tends to be higher by heat treatment as in FIGS.
That is, it was revealed that Gymnodinium genus shows high SOD-like activity even after heat treatment / dry treatment.

The bar graph shows the results of measuring the SOD-like activity of various red tide planktons by the chemiluminescence method. The bar graph shows the results of measuring the SOD-like activity of various red tide plankton by the electron spin resonance (ESR) method. The thermal stability with respect to 100 degreeC of SOD like activity of red tide plankton is shown with the line graph. The thermal stability with respect to 200 degreeC of SOD like activity of red tide plankton is shown with the line graph.

Claims (9)

Antioxidants derived from dinoflagellates. The antioxidant according to claim 1, wherein the antioxidant eliminates superoxide. The antioxidant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dinoflagellate belongs to the genus Gymnodinium. The antioxidant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dinoflagellate is Gymnodinium impudicum. The antioxidant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the antioxidant is water-soluble. The antioxidant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the antioxidant activity does not decrease even when heat-treated at 100 ° C for 30 minutes or more. The foodstuff containing the antioxidant of any one of Claims 1-6. The chemical | medical agent containing the antioxidant of any one of Claims 1-6. Cosmetics containing the antioxidant of any one of Claims 1-6.

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