JP2008061541A - Device for moisturizing and cooling mushroom bed, and method for culturing mushroom bed using the device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device for moisturizing and cooling a mushroom bed with which a mushroom bed can be effectively moisturized and cooled in mushroom bed culture. <P>SOLUTION: The device for moisturizing and cooling a mushroom bed is provided with the following: a water-reserving container 2 on which a mushroom bed 1 is placed; and a water-absorptive sheet 3 covering the whole area of the upper surface 1a of the mushroom bed 1 placed on the water-reserving container 2, provided with a function of maintaining a surface flat enough to form a ventilation space at its recessed part through being supported by the upper part of the protruding part of the upper surface of the mushroom bed 1 even when containing water, and formed so as to cover at least part of the side surface 1b of the mushroom bed 1 so that a lower part 3a reaches the inside of a water surface L in the water-reserving container 2. The device enables humidity retention and cooling of the surface of the mushroom bed 1 via water continuously supplied to the whole surface of the water-absorbing sheet 3 from the lower part 3a of the water-absorbing sheet 3 due to capillary phenomenon. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a moisture retention and cooling device for a mushroom bed used for mushroom bed cultivation such as shiitake mushrooms and shimeji mushrooms, and a mushroom bed cultivation method using the apparatus.

In traditional mushroom fungus bed cultivation, natural cultivation and house cultivation are carried out, but in this cultivation, the primordial formation is formed in the cultivation container of bags and bottles, and when the fungus primary spreads, the upper part of the cultivation container is opened. The cultivation management of the microbial bed during primordial formation is performed while watering with the upper surface of the microbial bed exposed.
Usually, this period is a high temperature period in summer, and especially in natural cultivation, the temperature of the fungus bed often deviates from the optimum temperature range for cultivation to the high temperature side. In many cases, an adverse effect called failure occurs.
For example, when cultivating shiitake mushrooms, when the temperature range is 25 ° C. or higher, the fungus bed is covered with regenerated mycelium that the shiitake fungus is weakened and the surface of the fungus is browned. The top surface can be severely damaged. Even if the change such as browning is hardly noticeable, the shiitake mushroom inside the microbial bed forming the primordium at a high temperature may be damaged.
Once such a high temperature failure occurs, not only the hyphae will be weakened, but also bacteria that are harmful to the mushrooms will be attached to the fungus bed, and the life of the mushroom bed will be greatly shortened. The quality is degraded and the yield is greatly reduced.

In order to avoid such high-temperature obstacles in the fungus bed, in house cultivation, a skylight is installed on the roof of the house to discharge high-temperature air to avoid extreme temperature rise. The technique (patent document 1) which coat | covers a high net | network and a film on a microbial bed is implemented.
In addition, as a method of immediate effect, a method has been used in which water having a temperature lower than 25 ° C. is sprayed directly on the shiitake mushroom bed that has become hot and the fungus bed is reliably cooled in a short time.

On the other hand, during the cultivation management of the microbial bed during primordium formation after the upper part of the cultivation container is opened, the upper surface of the exposed microbial bed is easy to dry, and once dried, the upper surface important for harvesting the microbial bed is hard. A failure (called a dry injury) that prevents the hyphae that have solidified from growing can occur.
In order not to cause such a drying disorder, water is usually sprayed several times (2 or 3 times) every day so that the upper surface of the fungus bed is not excessively dried.
JP-A-6-327359

However, high temperature measures such as installing a skylight in a conventional house or covering the fungus bed with a light shielding material cost a lot of equipment and materials. There were problems such as being unable to lower the temperature below.
In addition, in the method of spraying cold water directly on the fungus bed, even though the temperature can be temporarily lowered by the water applied to the surface of the fungus bed, the water will be evaporated in a short time, so it will be cooled. The effect could not be sustained.
Therefore, if water is continuously or intermittently sprayed to keep the fungus bed cooled, not only a large amount of water is required, but there is a risk that the house will be submerged with the large amount of water used. there were.
In addition, it was not easy to manage the watering frequently performed every day in order to prevent the drying of the fungus bed.

  Therefore, the present invention is not limited to watering the fungus bed every day, but can be performed at intervals of several days to save water and save labor, thereby causing high-temperature damage to the mushroom fungus bed during primordial formation. An object of the present invention is to provide a moisturizing and cooling device for a mushroom fungus bed and a method for cultivating a mushroom fungus bed using the device, which can effectively prevent drought damage.

In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a mushroom fungus bed moisturizing / cooling device, wherein a fungus bed is provided in a water storage container in which at least the entire lower part of the mushroom fungus bed can be submerged. It is an apparatus used for fungus bed cultivation performed by putting mushrooms, and covers the entire upper surface of the fungus bed placed in the water storage container with a water absorbent sheet made of woven or non-woven fabric having a water absorption function by capillary action A lower end portion that is hung so as to cover all or part of the side surface of the fungus bed from the periphery of the upper surface is formed so as to reach below the surface of the water in the water storage container.
Then, the upper surface of the fungus bed can be kept moist and cool by transpiration and vaporization of water in the water storage container sucked up by the water absorbing sheet.

  The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the above-mentioned invention, the water-absorbent sheet has water resistance capable of holding a gap in the concave portion on the upper surface of the mushroom bed and moisture permeability between the front and back sides in a water-containing state. It is characterized by.

  The invention according to claim 3 includes, in each of the above-described inventions, the entire surface of the water-absorbing sheet covering the upper surface of the fungus bed of the mushroom, the water-absorbing property that absorbs water as a whole when water is brought into contact with the surface, and water. It is characterized in that a moisturizing sheet made of cloth or paper having wettability that makes the surface wet is superposed.

The invention according to claim 4 is a method for cultivating a mushroom fungus bed using the moisturizing and cooling device for a mushroom fungus bed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least a primordial group is formed and the fungus is The mushroom fungus bed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fungus bed is cultivated in a sealed cultivation container until the primary infestation period, and the mushrooms germinate on the fungus bed after the step. Using the moisturizing / cooling device, water is sprayed onto the water-absorbing sheet at any time so that the amount of water is maintained at the water level reaching the lower part of the water-absorbing sheet, and water is supplied into the water storage container. It consists of the process of moisturizing and keeping cool the floor.
And the water | moisture content and temperature of a mushroom bed can be managed efficiently.

  In the conventional normal cultivation method, when the fungus bed is placed in the water storage container, if the fungus bed itself is stored in the container and water is sucked up to the upper surface of the fungus bed, the upper surface of the fungus bed is always wet, It is not necessary to spray water on the upper surface of the fungus bed, but on the surface of the fungus bed exposed directly to air, the environmental conditions such as moisture, humidity and temperature are extremely unstable. Covered with regenerated mycelium that is weakened and browned. In this case, moisture is not sucked up to the surface layer, and the surface layer is firmly tightened and solidified by drying and hardening of the mycelium dried and killed from the surface, but in the moisture retention / cooling device of the mushroom fungus bed of the present invention, the lower end of the water absorbing sheet The water is continuously supplied to the entire surface of the water-absorbing sheet by capillary action from the lower part of the water-absorbing sheet, and the surface of the fungus bed is caused by the moisture. Moisturizing and cooling can be sustained for a long time.

That is, the water in the water storage container is sucked up by the water absorbent sheet on the upper surface of the fungus bed, and the water continuously evaporates from the surface of the water absorbent sheet.
At this time, the evaporated water is attached to the surface of the fungus bed, and the surface of the fungus bed is maintained in a wet state.
At the same time, the water contained in the water-absorbing sheet is vaporized, and at that time, the heat of vaporization is taken away to lower the ambient temperature, and the surface of the bacteria bed in the vicinity thereof is cooled.
At this time, the water in the water storage container is sucked up by the water absorption sheet and decreases by transpiration and vaporization. However, even if the water level of the water storage container is lowered, the water absorption is continued as long as the lower part of the water absorption sheet is below the water level. Water is continuously sucked up by the sheet.

Therefore, if the water storage container is sufficiently filled with a high water level, moisture retention and cooling of the fungus bed surface can be maintained even if watering is stopped for several days.
In addition, since air freely enters from the gap formed on the lower surface of the water absorbent sheet from the cut line of the water absorbent sheet or the air permeable sheet surface, oxygen is sufficiently supplied to the mycelium on the surface of the fungus bed, and normal respiration of the mycelium is performed. Is secured and the hyphae can grow normally.

  Further, in the invention according to claim 2, due to the water resistance and breathability of the water-absorbing sheet in a water-containing state, the water-absorbing sheet has a break or air permeability in the gap formed in the recess on the upper surface of the fungus bed. Since air is sufficiently supplied, the mycelium can grow normally without suffocating.

Furthermore, in the invention according to claim 3, the water sucked up by the water absorbent sheet is obtained by superposing a cloth or paper moisturizing sheet on the entire upper surface of the water absorbent sheet covering the upper surface of the fungus bed of mushrooms. Because it absorbs water, even if the watering is stopped for a long time, the water will continue to evaporate and evaporate from the moisturizing sheet that contains the water and the surface becomes wet, and sufficient moisture retention and cooling of the fungus bed surface will be continued. Is possible.
Water transpiration and vaporization does not occur effectively even if the water is held inside the sheet material. In the present invention, the surface of the moisturizing sheet becomes wet and the water directly contacts the air. This effectively causes transpiration and vaporization, and moisturization and cooling become effective.

  Moreover, in the method for cultivating mushroom fungi using the above-mentioned moisturizing / cooling apparatus for mushroom fungi according to claim 4, at least after the process until the time when the primordial is formed and the fungus primarily spread, Until the mushrooms germinate, the above-mentioned water absorbing sheet is sprinkled on the water absorbing sheet at any time so that the amount of water is maintained at the water level reaching the lower part of the water absorbing sheet. By supplying it, the temperature of the fungus bed is lowered by the heat of vaporization of the water sucked up by the water absorbent sheet in the hot season of summer, and the fungus bed during primordial formation is several degrees lower than the outside air temperature and the temperature around the fungus bed The temperature can be secured for a long period of time, and the moisture and temperature of the fungus bed can be efficiently managed in a favorable environment.

In other words, depending on the amount of water in the water storage container, it is possible to prevent high temperature and dryness damage due to the rise in the temperature of the fungus bed even if the watering is stopped for several days. Can be greatly reduced.
In addition, in the present invention, the upper surface of the fungus bed is covered with a water-absorbing sheet containing water in comparison with the conventional method in which the upper surface of the fungus bed is directly exposed to the air. Not only can high-temperature damage be prevented, but also rapid changes in moisture and temperature in the upper surface environment of the fungus bed are alleviated and growth is performed smoothly, so that an increase in the amount of mushrooms generated and an improvement in quality can be expected.
In addition, there is also an advantage that the covered portion of the fungus bed can be protected from insects such as “mushroom mushroom” and “gaganbo” by the water absorbent sheet covering the fungus bed.

  The present invention is a mushroom fungus bed moisturizing / cooling apparatus and a mushroom fungus bed cultivation method using the apparatus, and the embodiment thereof will be described in detail from the mushroom fungus bed moisturizing / cooling apparatus.

The mushrooms that are the subject of the present invention are shiitake mushrooms, shimeji mushrooms, and namekos that are cultivated on fungi.
The fungus bed used for this cultivation is a plant in which the above-mentioned mushroom inoculum is planted with a raw material mainly composed of granular or powdered material such as sawdust.
For example, in the case of shiitake mushrooms, the shape of the fungus bed, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), is often a rectangular block shape having a width of 20 cm, a length of 12 cm, a height of 17 cm, and a weight of about 2700 g. The lower part of the lump that is molded with synthetic resin is square so that the fungus bed can be filled, and the upper wall is formed on a roof-type inclined wall that can secure an air pocket space for mushrooms. The fungus bed is housed in a polypropylene bag container that is mounted and cultivated.
Containers used for fungus bed cultivation also include a fungus bed filled in a cylindrical plastic resin bottle or bag, and the fungus bed used in the present invention has any shape as described above. May be.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the present invention will be described below using a square block-shaped fungus bed among the above-mentioned fungus beds.
As shown in FIG. 1, the apparatus of the present invention has a water storage container 2 capable of submerging at least the entire lower part of a fungus bed 1 of mushrooms and a water absorption function by capillary action, and is placed in the water storage container 2. A lower end 3a that covers the entire upper surface 1a of the fungus bed 1 and hangs from the periphery of the upper surface 1a so as to cover all or a part of the side surface 1b of the fungus bed 1 is below the water surface L of the water stored in the water storage container 2. And a water-absorbing sheet 3 made of woven or non-woven fabric formed so as to reach.
Then, the upper surface 1a of the fungus bed can be kept moist and cool by transpiration and vaporization of the water W in the water storage container 2 sucked up by the water absorption sheet 3 by capillary action.

More specifically, the water storage container 2 can be a new container, but a fungus having a roof-shaped inclined wall in which a filter is attached to a polypropylene bag as shown in FIG. You may reuse the bag container 2 for floor cultivation.
In the bag container 2, if the roof-shaped inclined wall portion is cut out with the fungus bed 1 placed, the upper surface 1a of the fungus bed 1 can be exposed as shown in FIG. And if the cut opening is folded back with the upper cut end facing downward and wrapped around with an elastic band 7, the opening height (depth in the container) can be adjusted freely. The bag swells when water W is added to obtain a water storage space between the fungus bed and the bag surface, and can be reused without discarding the fungus bed cultivation container used in the initial stage of the formation, etc. Has many advantages.

The depth of the water storage container 2 may be deep enough to allow the entire lower part of the fungus bed 1 to be submerged and to expose the upper surface 1a and the upper side surface 1b of the fungus bed.
Therefore, in cultivation with a wide-mouth bottle (not shown) for the cultivation of mushrooms made of synthetic resin filled with fungus bed 1, the wide-mouthed portion of the upper portion is cut off or the wide-mouthed portion can be separated with screws etc. It is also possible to separate it by exposing the top surface of the fungus bed and use it as a water storage container.

The fungus bed 1 placed in the water storage container 2 has its upper surface 1a covered with a water-absorbing sheet 3 as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4, and 2 on the side surface 1b of the fungus bed 1. 4 (the state in which the water absorbent sheet 3 in FIG. 3A is covered is shown by (B) in FIG. 3) and the entire surface of 4 surfaces (the state in which the water absorbent sheet 3 in FIG. The lower end portion 3a reaches the water surface L in the water storage container 2 by covering at least a part of the side surface 1b.
When the water absorbent sheet 3 uses a non-woven fabric made of a synthetic resin having air permeability and water absorbency, it does not deform greatly even when water is absorbed, and the flatness of the sheet is maintained even if water is contained, as shown in FIG. Thus, it mounts so that it may be supported by the upper part of the convex part of the upper surface of the uneven | corrugated microbial bed 1, and the clearance gap S is formed in a recessed part by the water resistance.
Then, due to the gap between the cuts in the water absorbent sheet 3 and the air permeability of the water absorbent sheet 3, air can enter the gap S from the outside and supply oxygen to the mycelium.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 5 (B) and (B), a moisture retention sheet 4 having wettability is overlaid and covered on the upper surface of the water absorbent sheet 3.
The moisture-retaining sheet 4 can be made of paper having a high water-retaining ability, and the paper is preferably made of a highly wettable material such as kitchen paper or toilet paper that is usually used at home.
If the moisture retaining sheet 4 itself has no water resistance and contains water, it deforms and adheres to the lower surface. For this reason, when it is directly placed on the upper surface 1a of the fungus bed 1, it adheres with water so as to be in close contact with the uneven surface of the fungus bed, and the recess has a problem that the gap S for supplying oxygen to the mycelium is not secured.
Therefore, a non-woven fabric water absorbent sheet 3 made of synthetic resin that prevents deformation of the paper is arranged under the paper so that the paper is supported from below, and a gap S is formed in the concave portion of the fungus bed below the water absorbent sheet 3. To do.
In addition, if the water absorbing sheet 3 is a material that has wettability in addition to the water absorption function by the capillary phenomenon, the moisturizing sheet 4 having wettability may not be used again.

Further, the method of covering the microbial bed 1 with the water absorbent sheet 3 is four-way so as to cover the opposite side surface 1b of the microbial bed 1 from the periphery of the upper surface 1a as shown in FIG. 3, or as shown in FIG. Each bottom end 3a is hung so as to reach the bottom of the water surface of the water storage container 2 so as to cover the entire side surface 1b, and the water absorbing sheet is in contact with the side surface 1b of the fungus bed.
Thus, when the water-absorbing sheet directly touches the surface of the fungus bed, the cooling effect of the moisturizing sheet directly affects the fungus bed and the cooling efficiency is increased.

Next, the mushroom bed cultivation method using the above-mentioned mushroom bed moisturizing / cooling apparatus will be described.
The mushroom bed cultivation method of the present invention is a closed type shown in (a) of FIG. 6 until the bacteria are sterilized, cooled and inoculated in a conventional manner, and at least the primordial group is formed and the bacteria are primarily spread. Water absorption using the above-mentioned moisturizing / cooling device (shown in (b) of FIG. 6) between the process of cultivating the fungus bed in the cultivation container and after the process until the mushrooms germinate on the fungus bed. Water is supplied onto the water-absorbing sheet from time to time so that the amount of water is maintained at the water level reaching the lower part of the sheet, and water is supplied into the water storage container. And have.
Then, when the mushrooms germinate, the water-absorbing sheet is removed (shown in FIG. 6 (D)), and a normal mushroom growth management is performed, and finally harvested.

  Watering for supplying water to the water-absorbing sheet 3 is important to keep the moisturizing sheet 4 in a wet state, and may be sprinkled on the fungus bed upper surface 1a with a watering can, but other containers are placed. A method using a watering facility in which a water distribution pipe is arranged on a management shelf or the like, a water injection nozzle is arranged at an appropriate location, and water is sprayed from the nozzle toward the fungus bed. This facility facilitates management that can be carried out at regular intervals in conjunction with a timer.

  In Shiitake cultivation, the dry season and high temperature failure season, which usually occurs in summer, is the process using the above-mentioned moisturizing / cooling device. The moisture and temperature of the fungus bed can be managed efficiently so that drying and high temperature damage do not occur.

In the past, the inventor used to cultivate the house, and during the period when the mushroom primordium was being formed, watering was performed once enough in the morning and once or twice in the afternoon. As a result of cultivating shiitake mushroom beds with long sprinkling intervals of about 3 days by the method of the invention, it is confirmed that the fungus beds can secure a favorable temperature environment of about 5 ° C lower than the ambient temperature or the temperature around the fungus beds. It was possible to harvest a large amount of shiitake of excellent quality without any damage to the fungus bed due to the high temperature damage of the fungus bed.
And the amount of water used during the cultivation period can be saved significantly because it does not spray water frequently every day.

  The present invention is an apparatus and method used for cultivation of various mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms, shimeji mushrooms, etc., but culture using a container such as a bag or bottle in a plant whose culture surface is difficult to grow due to high temperature and drying. It may also be used for cultivation methods.

It is a vertical perspective view of the moisturizing / cooling device of the mushroom bed of the present invention. It is a vertical side view of the moisturizing / cooling device of the mushroom fungus bed of the present invention. (A) is a perspective view which shows a water absorbing sheet, (b) is a perspective view of the apparatus of this invention which shows the state which covered the water absorbing sheet. (A) of another form is a perspective view which shows a water absorbing sheet, (b) is a perspective view of the apparatus of this invention which shows the state which covered the water absorbing sheet. It is a perspective view of the device of each present invention which shows the state where (b) covered the moisture retention sheet in a state before (a) of another form puts a moisture retention sheet on a water absorption sheet. (B) in the process of the mushroom fungus bed cultivation method is the process of cultivating the fungus bed in a closed-type cultivation container, (b) is the process of moisturizing / cooling equipment of the mushroom fungus bed, (c) the growth management process of the mushroom It is a vertical perspective view which shows the management state of the bacteria bed of each process.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Bacteria bed 1a Bump bed top surface 1b Bacteria bed side surface 2 Water storage container 3 Water absorption sheet 3a Water absorption sheet lower end part 4 Moisturizing sheet 5 Ventilation hole 6 Mushroom 7 Rubber band W Water L Water level S Gap

Claims (4)

A device used for mushroom bed cultivation performed by placing a mushroom bed in a water storage container capable of submersing at least the entire lower part of the mushroom bed,
A water-absorbing sheet made of woven or non-woven fabric having a water absorption function by capillary action covers the entire upper surface of the fungus bed placed in the water storage container and covers all or part of the side surface of the fungus bed from the periphery of the upper surface. It is formed so that the lower end that hangs down below the surface of the water in the water storage container, and the upper surface of the fungus bed can be kept moist and cool by transpiration and vaporization of the water in the water storage container sucked up by the water absorbing sheet Moisturizing / cooling device for mushroom fungus bed, characterized by   2. The mushroom fungus bed according to claim 1, wherein the water-absorbent sheet has water resistance capable of holding a gap in a concave portion on the upper surface of a mushroom fungus and air permeability between the front and back surfaces in a water-containing state. Moisturizing and cooling equipment.   Cloth or paper with water absorbency that absorbs water as a whole when water comes into contact with the entire surface of the upper surface of the water-absorbing sheet that covers the upper surface of the mushroom fungus bed, and wettability that makes the surface wet with water. The moisturizing / cooling device for a mushroom fungus bed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the moisture-retaining sheets made of the product are superposed. Cultivating the fungus bed in a sealed cultivation container until at least the primordial formation and the primary spread of the bacteria,
After the process, until the mushrooms germinate on the fungus bed, the water level is maintained at the water level reaching the lower part of the water-absorbent sheet using the moisture retention / cooling device for the mushroom fungus bed according to any one of claims 1 to 4. Watering the water-absorbing sheet as needed to supply water into the water storage container, and having a process of moisturizing and keeping cool the mushroom bed stored in the apparatus,
A method for cultivating a mushroom fungus bed, characterized in that the moisture and temperature of the fungus bed can be efficiently managed.

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