JP2007525492A - Prame阻害剤とhdac阻害剤との併用 - Google Patents
Prame阻害剤とhdac阻害剤との併用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007525492A JP2007525492A JP2006550135A JP2006550135A JP2007525492A JP 2007525492 A JP2007525492 A JP 2007525492A JP 2006550135 A JP2006550135 A JP 2006550135A JP 2006550135 A JP2006550135 A JP 2006550135A JP 2007525492 A JP2007525492 A JP 2007525492A
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Abstract
【選択図】 なし
Description
従って、第1の態様では、本発明は、治療を必要とする患者に、有効量のPRAME阻害剤を、HDAC阻害剤(HDACi)およびレチノイドからなる群より選択される第2の薬剤と組み合わせて投与することを含む、腫瘍の治療方法を提供する。
(i) 候補阻害剤;および
(ii) PRAMEタンパク質およびRARタンパク質
を一緒に併せるステップ、ならびに推定的な阻害剤が前記PRAMEおよびRARタンパク質の間の相互作用を妨げることが可能かどうかを確認するステップを含むアッセイも提供する。
図1:PRAMEはRARシグナル伝達のリプレッサーである
a,293細胞に、GAL4−PRAMEキメラ構築物およびGAL4−ルシフェラーゼレポーターをトランスフェクトした。b,293細胞をaと同様にトランスフェクトし、さらにこれをPXD101で処理した。c,RasV12MEFにRA応答性ルシフェラーゼレポーター(RARE−luc)およびPRAMEまたは空ベクターの一方をトランスフェクトし、さらにこれをRAで処理した。d,RasV12MEFをcと同様にトランスフェクトし、さらにこれをPXD101で処理した。e,RasV12MEFにRARE−ルシフェラーゼおよびRARαまたは空ベクターの一方をトランスフェクトし、さらにこれをPXD101で処理した。
図2:PRAMEおよびそのRARとの相互作用
a,PRAMEの概略図。7個のNRボックスモチーフのアミノ酸残基数を示す。b,B16メラノーマ細胞に、RARE−lucおよびPRAMEまたはPRAME−ΔLXXLLの一方をトランスフェクトし、さらにこれをRAで処理した。平均値は、3回の独立したトランスフェクションの平均値である(±s.d.)。
図3:PRAME発現の影響
通常培地または5μMのRAを添加した培地で増殖させたA375−PRAMEKD細胞の増殖曲線。
図4:PRAMEはRARシグナル伝達を抑制する
a,B16メラノーマ細胞に、RARE−ルシフェラーゼおよびPRAMEまたは空ベクターの一方をトランスフェクトし、さらにこれをRAで処理した。b,RasV12MEFをaと同様にトランスフェクトし、さらにこれをTSAで処理した。c,B16メラノーマ細胞にRARβ2−プロモータールシフェラーゼレポーター(RARβ2−luc)およびPRAMEまたは空ベクターの一方をトランスフェクトし、さらにこれをRAで処理した。d,RasV12MEFに、RARβ2−ルシフェラーゼレポーター(R140−luc)または変異型RAREを含むRARβ2−ルシフェラーゼレポーター(M3M7−luc)およびPRAMEまたは空ベクターの一方をトランスフェクトし、さらにこれをRAで処理した。平均値は、3回の独立したトランスフェクションの平均値である(±s.d.)。
図5:PRAME発現がメラノーマのRAシグナル伝達に及ぼす影響
a,b,FM6(a)およびSK23(b)ヒトメラノーマ細胞に、RARE−ルシフェラーゼおよびpRS−PRAMEまたは空ベクターの一方をトランスフェクトし、さらにこれをRAで処理した。c,A375細胞をaと同様にトランスフェクトし、さらにこれをPXD101で処理した。d,B16メラノーマ細胞にp21プロモーター−ルシフェラーゼ構築物およびPRAMEまたは空ベクターの一方をトランスフェクトし、さらにこれをRAで処理した。平均値は、3回の独立したトランスフェクションの平均値である(±s.d.)。
PRAME阻害剤
PRAME阻害剤としては、PRAMEの発現を妨げるか、またはPRAMEが発現された場合にその正常な活性を発揮するのを妨げることが可能ないずれかの化合物が挙げられる。正常な活性とは、この点に関して使用する場合、ヒトまたは動物の体内でPRAME発現産物により示される全ての活性を指す。典型的には、かかる活性には転写および/またはRARとの相互作用の抑制が含まれる。
癌の治療での使用に適したHDAC阻害剤は当該技術分野で公知である。典型的なHDACiとしては、トリコスタチンA(TSA)、トラポキシン、スベロイルアニリドヒドロキサム酸(SAHA)、およびフェニルブチレートが挙げられ、これらは少なくとも部分的には、ヒストンデアセチラーゼを阻害することによって作用することが報告されている(例えば、Yoshidaら, 1990;Richonら, 1998;Kijimaら, 1993を参照されたい)。
Watkins, C.ら, 2002, "Carbamic acid compounds comprising a sulfonamide linkage as HDAC inhibitors," 公開された国際(PCT)特許出願WO02/30879(PCT/GB01/04326)、2002年4月18日公開;
Watkins, C.ら, 2002, "Carbamic acid compounds comprising an ether linkage as HDAC inhibitors" 公開された国際(PCT)特許出願WO02/26703(PCT/GB01/04327)、2002年4月4日公開;
Watkins, C.ら, 2002, "Carbamic acid compounds comprising an amide linkage as HDAC inhibitors," 公開された国際(PCT)特許出願WO02/26696(PCT/GB01/04329)、2002年4月4日公開;および
Watkins, C.ら, 2003, "Carbamic acid compounds comprising a piperazine linkage as HDAC inhibitors," 公開された国際(PCT)特許出願WO03/082288(PCT/GB03/01463)、2003年10月9日公開
レチノイド型の化合物は、オールトランスレチノイン酸または9−シス−レチノイン酸の生物活性プロフィールと似たプロフィールを持つ化合物であり、かかる化合物自体を本発明の実施に際して使用してもよい。これらの化合物は、RARおよびRXRSなどのレチノイン酸ファミリーの受容体を介して遺伝子の発現を改変することができる。このため、レチノイドは、マウス胚奇形腫細胞(F9)の分化試験(Stricklandら, 1983)および/またはマウスにおけるTPAによる誘導後のオルニチン脱炭酸酵素の阻害試験(Vermaら, 1978)で活性を示す場合がある。これらの試験により、細胞分化と細胞増殖の分野それぞれにおけるこれらの化合物の活性が示される。
4−[4−(6−メトキシメトキシ−4’−メチルビフェニル−2−イル)ブタ−3−エン−1−イニル]安息香酸;4−[4−(6−メトキシ−4’−メチルビフェニル−2−イル)ブタ−3−エン−1−イニル]安息香酸;4−(6−メトキシエトキシメトキシ−7−(1−アダマンチル)−2−ナフチル)サリチル酸;(E)−4−[4−(5−メトキシメトキシ−4’−メチルビフェニル−2−イル)ブタ−3−エン−1−イニル]安息香酸;4−[4−(3−メトキシ−4’−メチルビフェニル−2−イル)ブタ−3−エン−1−イニル]安息香酸;2−メトキシメトキシ−2’−(5,5,8,8−テトラメチル−5,6,7,8−テトラヒドロナフタール−エン−2−イル)[1,1,4’1’’]テルフェニル−4’’−カルボン酸;4−[4−(4’−メチルビフェニル−2−イル)ブタ−3−エン−1−イニル]安息香酸;および4−(4−(4’−プロピルビフェニル−2−イル)ブタ−3−エン−1−イニル)安息香酸。
本発明を、多種多様な腫瘍、特に、例えばHDAC遺伝子の遺伝子増幅または調節の喪失の結果としてHDACの過剰発現を伴う腫瘍の治療に適用することができる。
本知見は、PRAME阻害剤をHDACiまたはレチノイドと共に投与する場合、PRAME阻害剤(PRAMEi)の使用によりHDAC阻害剤またはレチノイドをより効果的に使用できるようになることを示唆している。HDACiまたはレチノイドの投与について述べる場合、本発明はその両方の投与も含むものとする。
特定の態様では、本発明は、新しい患者タイプ、すなわち、患者体内に存在する腫瘍中のPRAMEの発現レベルがHDACiまたはレチノイドによる治療時には医学的処置により抑制されている該患者の治療のための、HDACiまたはレチノイドの使用に関する。
本知見により、HDACiまたはレチノイドによる治療のための患者の重症度分類および/または選択も可能となる。
患者の腫瘍中のPRAMEの発現レベルを測定するステップ;
前記レベルを、患者のコホートにおいて予め測定しておいたレベルと比較するステップ;および
前記レベルが低発現を示す場合に、前記患者をHDACiまたはレチノイドで治療するステップ
を含む方法を提供する。
患者の腫瘍中のPRAMEの発現のレベルを測定するステップ;
前記レベルを、患者のコホートにおいて予め測定しておいたレベルと比較するステップ;および
前記レベルが高発現を示す場合に、前記患者をPRAMEiおよびHDACiまたはレチノイドの一方もしくは両方で治療するステップ
を含む方法を提供する。
別の態様では、PRAMEがRARと直接的に相互作用するという知見により、細胞の増殖、分化および生命力を調節することが可能な薬剤の新規標的が提供される。
候補阻害剤;および
PRAMEタンパク質およびRARタンパク質
を一緒に併せるステップ、ならびに該候補阻害剤が該PRAMEおよびRARタンパク質の間の相互作用を妨げることが可能かどうかを確認するステップを含む方法により特定される。
本発明のアッセイをin vivoで実施してもよい。かかるアッセイは、任意の適切な宿主細胞、例えば、細菌、酵母、昆虫または哺乳動物の宿主細胞で実施してもよい。酵母および哺乳動物の宿主細胞が特に適している。
癌細胞に及ぼすHDACiの選択的増殖阻害活性の分子基盤について検討するために、本発明者らは、機能的遺伝学的スクリーニングを実施することによりPXD101(Plumbら, 2003)と命名された小分子HDACiに対する耐性を付与する遺伝子を同定した。発癌性RASV12形質転換マウス胎児線維芽細胞(RASV12−MEF)を、ヒトK562赤白血病細胞から得た複雑な(high complexity)レトロウイルスcDNA発現ライブラリーに感染させて、これを1μMのPXD101に3週間曝露した。HDACi耐性コロニーは、cDNA発現ライブラリーによる感染後に初めて低頻度で出現した。組み込まれたプロウイルスを、既述のモロニーウイルス重感染(Jacobsら, 2000)によりPXD101耐性コロニーから集めた。2回目の選別後に、cDNAインサートをPCRにより回収し、DNA配列解析により同定した。このアプローチを使用して、本発明者らは、ヒトメラノーマ腫瘍抗原PRAME(メラノーマ優勢発現抗原(Ikedaら, 1997))およびレチノイン酸受容体α(RARα)をコードする全長cDNAを、1μMのPXD101の存在下での連続増殖を可能にするcDNAとして同定した。PRAMEはまた、0.1μMの濃度の関連するHDACiであるトリコスタチンAによる増殖停止からもこれらの細胞を救済する。
試薬、抗体およびプラスミド構築
pcDNA3.1/Neo(+)中の全長PRAMEは、M. Griffioen博士およびC. Melief博士(Leiden, The Netherlands)からの寄贈品である。レトロウイルスPRAMEは、BamHI−XhoI PRAME断片をpMX−IRES−GFP(pMIG)にクローニングすることにより作製した。TAP−タグ付きPRAMEは、PCR増幅したEcoRI PRAME断片をpZOME−1−N(Cellzome)にクローニングすることにより作製し、またGal4−PRAMEは、BamHI−XbaI PRAME断片をGAL4−DBD発現ベクターにクローニングすることにより作製した。レトロウイルスRARαは、EcoRIで消化したRARαcDNAをpMXにクローニングすることにより作製した。PRAME−ΔLXXLL変異体は、QuikChange Site-Mutagenesisキット(Stratagene)を使用して作製した。PRAME−ΔLXXLLは、そのLXXLLモチーフ内の複数のロイシン(L)をバリン(V)に変更したものである。得られた配列は次の通りであった:LDVVV、VRRLL、LDQVV、VQALL、LLAVV、LQSVV、LREVV。
(配列番号3)
および
(配列番号4)
をアニールさせることにより、突出したBamH1末端を有する二本鎖を得た。これをベクター中にライゲーションした。H1−RNAプロモーターからの発現により、前記標的配列の出発点(配列番号3中の5’側の下線領域)に始まりヘアピンループ(上記配列番号3中のイタリック体部分)を経て前記標的配列の相補鎖の末端部(配列番号3中の3’側の下線領域)で終わる、2ntの突出部分が付加された転写産物を提供する。
全ての細胞は、10%ウシ胎仔血清(FCS)を添加したDMEMで培養した。Phoenixパッケージング細胞を使用して、既述の同種指向性レトロウイルス(Serranoら, 1997)を作製した。p53−/−MEFにpBabe−Puro−RASV12レトロウイルスを感染させてから、ピューロマイシン耐性について選別した。得られたRASV12−MEFにライブラリーレトロウイルス上清を感染させて、感染の48時間後に5.104細胞/10cmディッシュの細胞密度で再び播いた。再播種の16時間後にHDAC阻害剤PXD101(1μM)またはTSA(0.1μM)を培地に加え、このHDAC阻害剤を含む培地を2日おきに交換した。
トランスフェクションは、リン酸カルシウム沈殿法を利用してトランスフェクトしたRasV12MEFおよびPhoenix細胞以外は、リポフェクタミン試薬(Invitrogen)を用いて行った。RAに基づくレポーターアッセイは、チャコール処理FCS(Hyclone)を含むDMEM中で行った。レポーターアッセイでは、0.5μgのレポーター−ルシフェラーゼ、1ngのCMV−レニラ(CMV-renilla)、および3μgの示したDNAをトランスフェクトした。RA、PXD101、またはTSAをトランスフェクションの24時間後に加え、アッセイをトランスフェクションの48時間後に実施した。ノックダウン実験では、RAまたはPXD101をトランスフェクションの72時間後に加え、アッセイをトランスフェクションの96時間後に実施した。示したルシフェラーゼ活性は、ルシフェラーゼ値とレニラ内部対照値との比を表している。
細胞を、プロテアーゼ阻害剤(完全;Roche)および0.2nMのPMSFを添加したRipaバッファー(50mM Tris pH8.0、150mM NaCl、1%NP−40、0.5%デオキシコール酸、および0.1%SDS)中で溶解し、タンパク質を10〜14%SDS−PAGEゲル上で分離した。タンパク質をポリフッ化ビニリデン膜(Immobilon P, Millipore)にトランスファーし、示した抗体を用いてウェスタンブロットを行った。TAP(共)免疫沈降法の場合は、細胞を、プロテアーゼ阻害剤およびPMSFを添加したELBバッファー(0.25M NaCl、0.1%NP−40、50mM HEPES pH7.3)中で溶解した。溶解物を、IgG結合セファロースビーズ(Amersham)と共にインキュベートすることによりTAPおよびTAP−PRAME(Rigautら, 1999)を免疫沈降させるか(抗TAPと表示する)、またはプロテインAビーズおよび正常マウス血清(偽IP)と共に2時間インキュベートし、洗浄し、さらにこれをSDS−PAGEゲル上で分離した。
F9細胞にPRAMEまたは空ベクターを安定にトランスフェクトし、耐性細胞を10−7MのRA中で5日間分化させた。A375細胞にはpRS−PRAMEまたは空ベクターを安定にトランスフェクトし、安定なクローンを3T3プロトコルに従って培養した。RAを含む培地は24〜48時間毎に補給した。
マウス腫瘍異種移植
雌の5〜6週齢の胸腺欠損BALB−Cヌードマウス(nu/nu)の体幹部の両側に、1×106個の細胞を皮下移植した。各マウスの右側腹部にA375−PRAMEKD細胞を、また左側腹部に対照A375細胞を投与した。マウスを各処理群に無作為に割り付け、20ゲージの胃栄養チューブを用いて5mg/kgのRAまたはビヒクル(ヒマワリ油中エタノール)で毎日経口的に処理した。腫瘍径をカリパスで毎週測定した。ウイルスの再活性化および蔓延を防ぐため、A375−PRAMEKD細胞を作製する際に使用したpRSベクターは、自己不活性化レトロウイルスベクターとした(Brummelkampら, 2002a;Brummelkampら, 2002b)。この実験をn=20とn=10のマウスを用いて2回実施したところ、両試験の結果は似通ったものとなった。
Claims (12)
- 治療を必要とする患者に有効量のPRAME阻害剤をHDAC阻害剤(HDACi)およびレチノイドからなる群より選択される第2の薬剤と組み合わせて投与することを含む、腫瘍の治療方法。
- 前記PRAME阻害剤がsiRNAまたは該siRNAをコードするベクターである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記HDACiが、N−ヒドロキシ−3−(3−フェニルスルファモイル−フェニル)−アクリルアミドである、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記腫瘍がメラノーマである、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 治療法での同時、別個または連続的使用のための併用製剤としての、PRAME阻害剤、ならびにHDAC阻害剤(HDACi)およびレチノイドからなる群より選択される第2の薬剤。
- 前記治療法がメラノーマの治療である、請求項5に記載の使用のための、阻害剤および第2の薬剤。
- 前記PRAME阻害剤がsiRNAまたは該siRNAをコードするベクターである、請求項5または6に記載の使用のための、阻害剤および第2の薬剤。
- 前記HDACiが、N−ヒドロキシ−3−(3−フェニルスルファモイル−フェニル)−アクリルアミドである、請求項5〜7のいずれか1項に記載の使用のための、阻害剤および第2の薬剤。
- 腫瘍の治療での同時、別個または連続的使用のための併用製剤としての医薬の製造における、HDACiまたはレチノイドと組み合わせたPRAME阻害剤の使用。
- HDACiまたはレチノイドの投与の時点で、患者が腫瘍中のPRAMEのレベルを抑制するための治療を受けている、患者の腫瘍を治療するためのHDACiまたはレチノイドの使用。
- 前記腫瘍がメラノーマである、請求項9または10に記載の使用。
- PRAMEとレチノイン酸受容体(RAR)との相互作用の阻害剤についてのアッセイであって、
(i) 候補阻害剤;および
(ii) PRAMEタンパク質およびRARタンパク質
を一緒に併せるステップ、ならびに推定的な阻害剤が前記PRAMEおよびRARタンパク質の間の相互作用を妨げることが可能かどうかを確認するステップを含む、上記アッセイ。
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JP2021506255A (ja) * | 2017-12-13 | 2021-02-22 | イノビオ ファーマシューティカルズ,インコーポレイティド | Prameを標的とするがんワクチンおよびその使用 |
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DK1901729T3 (da) | 2005-05-13 | 2012-05-14 | Topotarget Uk Ltd | Farmaceutiske formuleringer af HDAC-inhibitorer |
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JP4896743B2 (ja) | 2012-03-14 |
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