JP2007508230A - Gas generating composition - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention generally relates to a gas generant composition, for example, for an inflator of an occupant restraint system. The extrudable ignition composition includes polyvinyl azole for use in an airbag gas generator. Fuel is 5-amino-1-vinyltetrazole, poly (5-vinyltetrazole), poly (2-methyl-5-vinyl) tetrazole, poly (1-vinyl) tetrazole, poly (3-vinyl) 1,2, A selection can be made from typical polyvinyl azoles including 5 oxadiazole and poly (3-vinyl) 1,2,4-triazole. The oxidant is mixed with the fuel and preferably contains phase stabilized ammonium nitrate.

Description

Cross-reference related to this application
This application claims the benefit of US Provisional Application No. 60 / 510,056, filed Oct. 9, 2003.

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates generally to gas generating systems and gas generating compositions for use in gas generating devices, such as for automatic restraint systems.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a non-toxic gas generating composition that rapidly generates a gas useful for inflating an automobile occupant safety restraint device after combustion, and in particular, the present invention relates to an acceptable burn rate. As well as thermally stable non-azide gas generants that exhibit a relatively high gas volume ratio after combustion at an acceptable flame temperature for solid particles.

  The development of azide-based gas generants to non-azide gas generants is well described in the prior art. The advantages of non-azide gas generant compositions over azide gas generants are the advantages of the patent literature, eg, US Pat. Nos. 4,370,181; 4,909,549; 4,948,439; 5,084,118; 5,139,588, and 5,035,757. And the discussion is incorporated herein by reference.

  In addition to fuel components, pyrogenic non-azide gas generants provide the oxygen necessary for rapid combustion and reduce the amount of toxic gases generated, from toxic oxides of carbon and nitrogen to non-toxic gases. It contains a catalyst that promotes conversion and components such as slag that form solids and liquid products that form during and immediately after combustion and aggregate into filterable clinker-like particles. Other optional additives such as burning rate enhancers, or ballistic modifiers, and ignition aids are used to adjust the ignitability and combustion properties of the gas generant. Used.

  One drawback of known non-azide gas generant compositions is the amount and physical nature of the solid residue formed during combustion. When used in an occupant protection system, solids produced as a result of combustion must be filtered, otherwise they must not contact the vehicle occupants. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a composition that produces a minimum amount of solid particles while producing a high percentage of a non-toxic gas sufficient to inflate a safety device.

  For example, it is desirable to use phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate as an oxidant to generate sufficient non-toxic gas and a minimum amount of solids after combustion. However, in order to be useful, gas generants for automotive applications must be thermally stable even at 107 degrees C, 400 hours or longer. The composition must retain structural integrity when circulated between −40 ° C. and 107 ° C. In addition, gas generating compositions incorporating phase stabilized or pure ammonium nitrate sometimes have poor thermal stability and unacceptably high levels, depending on the composition of related additives such as plasticizers and binders, Generates toxic gases such as CO and NOx.

Another problem that must be solved is that the US Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations require “cap testing” for gas generants. Because of the sensitivity to detonation of fuels frequently used in conjunction with ammonium nitrate, many propellants that incorporate ammonium nitrate will not pass testing unless molded into large discs, which means that inflator design flexibility Is reduced.
Other concerns include the more delayed cold start ignition of typical smokeless gas generant compositions, which are gas generant compositions that result in less than 10% solid combustion products.
Thus, ongoing efforts in the design of automotive gas generation systems do not have the above disadvantages and preferably include other efforts that produce large gases and small solids.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The above concerns are solved by a gas generating system comprising a gas generant composition containing an extrudable polyvinyl azole fuel such as polyvinyl tetrazole, polyvinyl triazole, or polyvinyl diazole. Preferred oxidizing agents include non-metallic oxidizing agents such as ammonium nitrate and ammonium perchlorate. Other oxidants include alkali metal and alkaline earth metal nitrates.

The fuel is selected from the group of polyvinyltetrazole, polyvinyltriazole, polyvinyldiazole, or polyvinylfurazan, and mixtures thereof. A preferred group of fuels includes polymerizable tetrazole, triazole, and oxadiazole (furazan) having functional groups on the azole pendant. While compositions containing NH ₃ linkages, as well as carbon / hydrogen content are generally useful, preferred compositions will not contain NH ₃ bonds due to handling concerns, And carbon and hydrogen contents will be minimized to suppress the formation of carbon dioxide and water. Preferred vinyltetrazoles include 5-amino-1-vinyltetrazole and poly (5-vinyltetrazole), both exhibiting self-propagating thermolysis or pyrolysis. Other fuels include poly (2-methyl-5-vinyl) tetrazole, poly (1-vinyl) tetrazole, poly (3-vinyl) 1,2,5-oxadiazole, and poly (3-vinyl) 1, Contains 2,4-triazole. These fuels and other possible fuels are described structurally in the figures included herein. The fuel preferably comprises 10-40% by weight of the gas generant composition.

  The oxidant is preferably selected from non-metal and alkali metal and alkaline earth metal nitrates, and mixtures thereof. Non-metallic nitrates include ammonium nitrate and phase stabilized ammonium nitrate and are stabilized as known in the art. Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal nitrates include potassium nitrate and strontium nitrate. Other oxidants known for their utility in air bag gas generating compositions are also contemplated. The oxidant preferably constitutes 60-90% by weight of the gas generant composition.

Other constituents of gas generants known for their utility in air bag gas generant compositions can be used in effective amounts in the compositions of the present invention. These include, but are not limited to, coolants, slag formers, and impact modifiers known in the art.
In summary, the present invention includes gas generant compositions that maximize gas combustion products and minimize solid combustion products while meeting other design requirements such as thermal stability. These and other advantages will be apparent upon review of the detailed description.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention relates generally to gas generating composition for an inflator of the occupant restraint system. In accordance with the present invention, a pyrotechnic composition includes an extrudable fuel, such as polyvinyltetrazole (PVT), for use in a gas generating system, and a high gas producing automotive airbag in a vehicle occupant protection system. Proven by propellant. The fuel also functions as a binder. Preferred oxidizing agents include non-metallic oxidizing agents such as ammonium nitrate and ammonium perchlorate. Other oxidants include alkali metal and alkaline earth metal nitrates.

The fuel is selected from the group of polyvinyltetrazole, polyvinyltriazole, polyvinyldiazole, or polyvinylfurazan, and mixtures thereof. A preferred group of fuels includes polymerizable tetrazole, triazole, and oxadiazole (furazan with functional groups in the azole pendant. Compositions containing NH ₃ bonds and carbon / hydrogen contents. Although the product is generally useful, preferred compositions will not contain NH ₃ bonds due to handling concerns, and carbon and hydrogen content will be minimized to suppress carbon dioxide and water formation. Preferred vinyltetrazoles include 5-amino-1-vinyltetrazole and poly (5-vinyltetrazole), both exhibiting self-propagating pyrolysis or pyrolysis. Methyl-5-vinyl) tetrazole, poly (1-vinyl) tetrazole, poly (3-vinyl) 1,2,5-oxadiazole, and poly (3-vinyl) 1,2,4-triazole. Fuel and other possible fuels these include, but are not limited to, it is exemplified by the structure shown below.

  As such, it has been found that other benefits of the fuels of the present invention result in difficult cold start ignition and avoid compositions that require stronger ignition trains and boosters. For example, poly (5-amino-1-vinyl) tetrazole has no endothermic process before exothermic decomposition begins. Thus, the heat consumption step (acting as an energy barrier) that normally accompanies the energy release step of combustion is not present in the compositions of the present invention. Other polymerizable azoles that function as fuels in the present invention are believed to have the same benefits. The polyvinyl azole fuel preferably constitutes 5-40% by weight of the gas generant composition.

  The oxidant is preferably selected from non-metal and alkali metal and alkaline earth metal nitrates, and mixtures thereof. Non-metallic nitrates include ammonium nitrate and phase stabilized ammonium nitrate and are stabilized as known in the art. Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal nitrates include potassium nitrate and strontium nitrate. Other oxidants known for their utility in air bag gas generating compositions are also contemplated. The oxidant preferably constitutes 60-90% by weight of the gas generant composition.

  Other constituents of gas generants known for their utility in air bag gas generant compositions can be used in effective amounts in the compositions of the present invention. These include, but are not limited to, coolants, slag formers, and impact modifiers known in the art.

  The constituents of the gas generant of the present invention are supplied by suppliers known in the art, and are preferably mixed by a wet method. The solvent selected for the group substituted for the polymerizable fuel is any composition when it is added and subsequently precipitated, at a temperature below the boiling point, for example, simply below 100 ° C., but sufficient to dissolve the fuel. Heat to a temperature low enough to prevent material self-ignition. For example, hydrophilic groups can be dissolved more efficiently by using water as a solvent. Other groups can be more efficiently dissolved in acidic solutions such as nitric acid. Other solvents include alcohols and plasticizers such as polyethylene glycol. Once a suitable solvent is selected and heated, the fuel is slowly added and dissolved. The oxidant is then slowly added and dissolved. Other desirable constituents dissolve as well. The solution is heated and continuously stirred. As the solvent is cooked off over time, fuel and oxidant, and other constituents, co-precipitate in the homogeneous solid solution. As soon as the solvent is at least substantially volatilized, more preferably completely volatilized, the precipitate is removed from the heating. The composition can then be extruded into pellets or other beneficial forms.

反応１：この合成は、ポリ(ビニル-1,2,5-オキサジアゾール)に対するものであり、ポリビニルジアゾールを形成する一般的な方法を例示するか、または計画を示す。

The polymerizable fuel can be produced by a known method. For example, vinylation of tetrazole with vinyl acetate and subsequent polymerization is described in Vereshchagin, et al., J. Org. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.) 22 (9), 1777-83, (1987). ing. The synthesis of various vinyl tetrazoles is described in Russian Chemical Reviews 72 (2), pages 143-164 (2003), incorporated by reference. The methyl group of the starting tetrazole can be exchanged for an amino group. Vinyltetrazole is then polymerized using a conventional polymerization initiator such as azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN). It is believed that vinylation of furazan and triazole will produce the polyvinyl diazole and polyvinyl triazole of the present invention as well. The reactions exemplified below show how various polyvinyl diazoles, polyvinyl triazoles, and polyvinyl tetrazoles are formed. Reaction 1 shows how polyvinyldiazole is formed. Reaction 2 shows how polyvinyltriazole is formed. Reaction 3 shows how polyvinyltetrazole is formed.

Reaction 1: This synthesis is for poly (vinyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole) and illustrates or shows a general method for forming polyvinyldiazole.

反応３：この合成は、置換されたポリビニルテトラゾールに対するものであり、他のポリビニルテトラゾールを形成する方法を例示するか、または計画を示す。 Reaction 2: This synthesis is for an ionic polymer version of poly (vinyl-1,2,4-triazole), illustrating or planning a method for forming other polyvinyltriazoles.

Reaction 3: This synthesis is for a substituted polyvinyltetrazole and illustrates or schemes for forming other polyvinyltetrazoles.

を、いずれかの番号の位置に、少なくとも２つの窒素原子、たった１つの酸素原子、少なくとも１つの炭素原子を含有する。 The structure generally representing the general polyvinyl azole, or the polyvinyl tetrazole, polyvinyl triazole, and polyvinyl diazole of the present invention can be represented by an aromatic ring that is a five-membered ring,

Contains at least two nitrogen atoms, only one oxygen atom, and at least one carbon atom in any numbered position.

  In other words, an aromatic ring will contain 0 to 1 oxygen atoms, at least 2 nitrogen atoms, and at least 1 carbon atom. More preferably, the gas generant composition of the present invention will contain a polymerizable azole and a phase stabilized ammonium nitrate. Advantages include high gas yield and low solids production, high energy fuel / binders, and low cost oxidants by eliminating the need to filter gases with small amounts of solids produced by combustion Let's go. The composition of the present invention can be extruded and is a flexible property of a polymerizable fuel.

  The gas generant composition of the present invention will contain a second fuel formed from an amine salt of tetrazole and triazole. These are described and illustrated in commonly owned US Pat. Nos. 5,872,329, 6,074,502, 6,210,505, and 6,306,232, which are incorporated herein by reference. The total weight percent of both the first and second fuels or the fuel component of the composition of the present invention is about 10-40% by weight of the total gas generant composition.

More specifically, tetrazole non-metal salts include, among others, 5,5'-bis-1H-tetrazole monoguanidinium salt (BHT1GAD), 5,5'-bis-1H-tetrazole diguanidinium salt (BHT).・ 2GAD), 5,5′-bis-1H-tetrazole monoaminoguanidinium salt (BHT • 1AGAD), 5,5′-bis-1H-tetrazole diaminoguanidinium salt (BHT • 2AGAD), 5 Monohydrazinium salt of 5,5'-bis-1H-tetrazole (BHT · 1HH), Dihydrazinium salt of 5,5'-bis-1H-tetrazole (BHT · 2HH), 5,5'-bis-1H-tetrazole monoammonium salt (BHT · 1NH _3), 5,5'- bis -1H- diammonium salt of tetrazole (BHT · 2NH _3), 5,5'-bis -1H- tetrazole mono-3-amino-1 , 2,4-triazolium salt (BHT · 1ATAZ), di-3-amino-1,2,4-triazolium salt of 5,5'-bis-1H-tetrazole (BHT · 2ATAZ), and 5,5'- Diguanidinium salt of azobis-1H-tetrazole (ABHT -Contains amine, amino, and amide salts of tetrazole and triazole, selected from the group comprising 2GAD).

The amine salt of triazole includes mono-ammonium salt of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (NTA · 1NH ₃ ), monoguanidinium salt of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (NTA · 1GAD), dinitrobi Includes diammonium salt of triazole (DNBTR · 2NH ₃ ), diguanidinium salt of dinitrobitriazole (DNBTR · 2GAD), and monoammonium salt of 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole (DNTR · 1NH ₃ ) .

Common non-metal salts of tetrazole shown in Formula I include a cationic nitrogen-containing component Z and an anionic component that includes a tetrazole ring and an R group substituted at the 5-position of the tetrazole ring. Common non-metallic salts of triazoles shown in Formula II include a cationic nitrogen-containing component Z and an anionic component comprising a triazole ring and two R groups substituted at the 3- and 5-positions of the triazole ring. Here, R ₁ may or may not be synonymous with R ₂ . The R component is selected from the group comprising hydrogen or a nitrogen-containing compound as shown in Formula I or II, such as an amino, nitro, nitroamino, or tetrazolyl or triazolyl group, directly or directly with an amine, diazo, or triazo group, respectively Is replaced via. Compound Z is substituted at the 1-position of any formula and is an amine, amino, and amides including ammonia, carbohydrazide, oxamic hydrazide, and hydrazine; guanidine compounds such as guanidine, aminoguanidine, diaminoguanidine, tri Aminoguanidines, dicyandiamides and nitroguanidines; nitrogen-substituted carbonyl compounds or amides, such as urea, oxamide, bis- (carboamido) amine, azodicarbonamide, and hydrazodicarbonamide; and aminoazoles, For example, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 3-amino-5-nitro-1,2,4-triazole, 5-aminotetrazole, 3-nitroamino-1,2,4-triazole, 5- Nitroaminotetrazole and compounds of the group comprising melamine Formed from.

Example 1:
The gas generant composition of the present invention is formed by first synthesizing polyvinyl tetrazole. General substituted tetrazole and vinyl acetate are mixed to vinylate the tetrazole. The vinylated tetrazole is added to a molar equivalent of mercury acetate and boron trifluoride ether for its polymerization. The resulting product can then be separated, for example, by oil distillation. The polyvinyltetrazole shown in the figure can be formed by the same method. Reaction 3 illustrates the above method.

Example 2:
The gas generant composition of the present invention is formed by first synthesizing polyvinyl triazole. Common substituted triazole metals or non-metal salts are added to molar equivalents of free radical bromination reagents such as n-bromo-succinamide, and benzoyl-peroxide free radical initiators to form brominated triazoles . The brominated triazole is then added to triphenylphosphine to form a Wittig salt group on the substituted triazole salt. The triazole salt is then added to the metal or non-metallic organic or inorganic base and formaldehyde to form the vinylated triazole salt. The vinylated triazole salt is then added to a free radical polymerization reagent such as azoisobutyronitrile, a catalytic amount of a cationic polymerizer, or a Ziegler-Natta catalyst such as a metal or titanium complex. Reaction 2 illustrates the above method describing the synthesis of poly (vinyl-1,2,4-triazole).

Example 3:
The gas generant composition of the present invention is formed by first synthesizing polyvinyl diazole. An alkenol containing two —OH groups is added to acetic anhydride to form a substituted diazole. The substituted diazole is then added to a molar equivalent of a free radical bromination reagent such as n-bromo-succinamide and a free radical initiator such as benzoyl-peroxide to form the brominated diazole. The substituted diazole is then added to the triphenylphosphine to form a Wittig salt group on the substituted diazole salt. The diazole salt is then added to the metal or non-metallic organic or inorganic base and formaldehyde to form the vinylated diazole salt. The vinylated diazole salt is then added to a free radical polymerization reagent such as azoisobutyronitrile, a catalytic amount of a cationic polymerization agent, or a Ziegler-Natta reagent such as a metal complex. Reaction 1 illustrates the above method wherein the synthesis of poly (vinyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole) is described.

Examples 4-9:
Examples 4-9 are listed below and provide a list of several known gas generant compositions, and gas generants formed in accordance with the present invention, with which various types and amounts of gases produced can be compared. Example 4 is a typical gas generant composition formed from 5-aminotetrazole and strontium nitrate according to US Pat. No. 5,035,757, incorporated herein by reference. Example 5 is formed from an amine salt of tetrazole, such as diammonium salt of 5,5′-bis-1H-tetrazole, phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate, strontium nitrate, and clay according to US Pat. No. 6,210,505, incorporated herein by reference. It is a typical gas generant composition. Example 6 is a typical formed from an amine salt of tetrazole, such as the diammonium salt of 5,5′-bis-1H-tetrazole, and a phase stabilized ammonium nitrate, according to US Pat. No. 5,872,329, incorporated herein by reference. It is a gas generant composition. Example 7 is a typical gas generant composition formed from ammonium nitroamine tetrazole and phase stabilized ammonium nitrate according to US Pat. No. 5,872,329, incorporated herein by reference. Example 8 is a typical gas generant composition formed from ammonium nitroamine tetrazole, phase stabilized ammonium nitrate, and slag former according to US Pat. No. 5,872,329, incorporated herein by reference. Example 9 is a typical gas generant composition formed in accordance with the present invention and comprising ammonium polyvinyltetrazole and phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate co-precipitated with 10% potassium nitrate).

表１ Table 1 shows the relative production of carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for each example and gram amount (Gg) of gas generant. ppm). All examples were burned with a gas generator of substantially the same design.

Table 1

  The data collected shows that the composition of Example 9 formed according to the present invention provides much less ammonia than the other examples, well below the industry standard of 35 ppm. It has been found that the composition of the present invention provides a substantially small amount of ammonia compared to other known gas generants. For many known gas generant compositions, other performance criteria are good, but it is often difficult to reduce the total amount of ammonia produced after combustion.

表２ Examples 10-14:
Theoretical examples 10-14 are listed below and provide a list from which various types and amounts of gases produced can be compared for gas generant compositions formed in accordance with the present invention. All phase stabilized ammonium nitrates (PSAN 10) listed in Table 2 are stabilized with 10 wt% potassium nitrate in the total PSAN. All examples use ammonium poly (C-vinyltetrazole) (APV) as the primary fuel. One example uses a non-metallic diammonium salt of 5,5′-bis-1H-tetrazole (BHT.2NH3) as the second fuel. All examples show the results produced by the combustion of gas generant constituents (propellant composition) in a gas generator with a similarly designed inflator or equivalent heat sink design.

Table 2

Example 10 was found to be thermally stable with only 5% mass loss at 105 degrees Celsius for 400 hours. Thus, Example 10 shows the unexpected thermal performance of a gas generant composition of the present invention, particularly a composition incorporating the polyvinyl azole and phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (stabilized with 10% potassium nitrate) as described hereinabove. Shows stability. It should be emphasized that other phase stabilizers are also considered known or recognized in the art.
Examples 11-13 show the use of polyvinyl azole with a metal oxidant. In some applications, the use of metal oxidants may be desirable for optimization of ignitability, burn rate exponent, gas generant burn rate, and other design criteria. The example shows that the more metal oxide used, the smaller the moles of gas produced after combustion.

  In contrast, Examples 10 and 14 show that the molar amount of gas combustion products is maximized when non-metallic gas generant constituents are used. Accordingly, preferred gas generant compositions of the present invention contain at least one polyvinyl azole as a fuel component and a non-metallic oxidant as an oxidant component.

  Finally, with respect to Example 14, the gas generant burn rate can be improved by adding another non-metallic fuel BHT.2NH3 to APV and PSAN 10 to optimize the combustion profile of the gas generant composition. Was found. The burn rate for Example 14 is recorded at 5500 psi, 1.2 inches per second. Therefore, it is concluded that a non-metallic amine salt of tetrazole and / or a non-metallic amine salt of triazole, as described in 5,872,329, may be beneficial with respect to combustion rate and gas generation. In addition, the flexible nature of APV provides the extrudability of the propellant composition.

Examples 15 and 16:
Examples 15 and 16 illustrate the low temperature start advantage of a gas generant composition containing polyvinylazole. As shown in differential scanning calorimetry (DSR), typical smokeless or non-metallic compositions can exhibit an endothermic tendency prior to exothermic combustion. As a result, a relatively large energy must be used to add the gas generant and maintain combustion. Often, a stronger ignition train containing a strong booster composition is required to ignite the gas generant and obtain the energy level necessary to maintain combustion. Example 15 relates to a composition containing 65% PSAN 10 and about 35% BHT.2NH3. As shown in FIG. 1, the endotherm is maximized at 253.12 degrees Celsius, which means a recorded loss of about 508.30 Joules / gram of gas generant. In contrast, Example 16 relates to a composition containing about 15% poly (C-vinyltetrazole) and about 85% PSAN10. Besides, there is no endothermic process, and therefore combustion proceeds in an uncontrolled manner. As a result, less energy is required to burn the gas generant composition, resulting in lower ignition lead or ignition and booster requirements.

  In another aspect of the invention, the compositions of the invention can be used in gas generation systems. For example, as schematically shown in FIG. 3, a vehicle occupant protection system manufactured in a known manner includes an airbag inflator at the steering wheel and a crash sensor in electrical communication with the seat belt assembly. . The gas generating composition of the present invention is used in both subassemblies in a broader vehicle occupant protection system or gas generating system. More specifically, each gas generator used in an automotive gas generation system can contain a gas generating composition as described herein above.

  This description is for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. Thus, one of ordinary skill in the art appreciates that various modifications can be made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

The result of the differential scanning calorimetry of the gas generating composition of Example 15 is shown. The result of the differential scanning calorimetry method of the gas generating composition of Example 16 is shown. 1 shows a vehicle occupant protection system manufactured in a known manner.

Claims (15)

A gas generation system comprising a composition, the composition comprising an aromatic fuel component comprising one or more aromatic fuels, and an oxidant,
The fuel comprises a compound from the group consisting of polyvinyltetrazole, polyvinyltriazole, and polyvinyldiazole;
here,
The polymerizable azole comprises about 5-40%, and the oxidant comprises about 60-95%, the percentage is determined by the weight of the composition, and the composition combines the fuel and the oxidant. Extrudable,
Said system. The composition further comprises:
Monoguanidinium salt of 5,5'-bis-1H-tetrazole (BHT ・ 1GAD), Diguanidinium salt of 5,5'-bis-1H-tetrazole (BHT ・ 2GAD), Mono of 5,5'-bis-1H-tetrazole Aminoguanidinium salt (BHT1AGAD), 5,5'-bis-1H-tetrazole diaminoguanidinium salt (BHT2AGAD), 5,5'-bis-1H-tetrazole monohydrazinium salt ( BHT · 1HH), 5,5'-bis-1H-tetrazole dihydrazinium salt (BHT · 2HH), 5,5'-bis-1H-tetrazole monoammonium salt (BHT · 1NH ₃ ), 5,5'- Diammonium salt of bis-1H-tetrazole (BHT • 2NH ₃ ), mono-3-amino-1,2,4-triazolium salt of 5,5′-bis-1H-tetrazole (BHT • 1ATAZ), 5,5 Di-amino-1,2,4-triazolium salt of '-bis-1H-tetrazole (BHT • 2ATAZ), and diguanidinium salt of 5,5'-azobis-1H-tetrazole (ABHT • 2GAD), 3- Monoammonium salt of nitro-1,2,4-triazole (NTA・ 1NH ₃ ), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole monoguanidinium salt (NTA ・ 1GAD), dinitrobitriazole diammonium salt (DNBTR ・ 2NH ₃ ), dinitrobitriazole diguanidinium salt (DNBTR ・ 2GAD) And a second fuel selected from the group consisting of monoammonium salt of 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole (DNTR · 1NH ₃ ). A gas generation system comprising a composition, the composition comprising:
A fuel component comprising a compound from the group consisting of polyvinyltetrazole, polyvinyltriazole, and polyvinyldiazole; and phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate;
Wherein the polymerizable azole comprises about 5-40% and the phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate comprises about 60-95%, the percentage being determined by the weight of the composition.   The gas generating system of claim 1, wherein the oxidant is selected from the group consisting of transition metal nitrates, alkali metal nitrates, alkaline earth metal nitrates, and combinations thereof.   The fuel is 5-amino-1-vinyltetrazole, poly (5-vinyltetrazole), poly (2-methyl-5-vinyl) tetrazole, poly (1-vinyl) tetrazole, poly (3-vinyl) 1,2 The gas generating system of claim 1, selected from the group consisting of 1,5 oxadiazole, and poly (3-vinyl) 1,2,4-triazole.   2. The oxidant of claim 1 selected from the group consisting of metal and non-metal nitrates, perchlorates, and chlorates, and metal and non-metal organic and inorganic oxides, and combinations thereof. Gas generation system. The composition is
Poly (2-methyl-5-vinyl) tetrazole, 5-amino-1-vinyltetrazole, poly (5-vinyltetrazole), poly (1-vinyl) tetrazole, poly (3-vinyl) 1,2,5-oxa A fuel selected from the group consisting of diazole, and poly (3-vinyl) 1,2,4-triazole, and mixtures thereof; and an oxidant selected from the group consisting of strontium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate The gas generation system according to claim 1, comprising:   The gas generation system of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises 5-amino-1-vinyltetrazole and phase stabilized ammonium nitrate.   The gas generating system of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises poly (2-methyl-5-vinyl) tetrazole and phase stabilized ammonium nitrate.   The gas generating system of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises poly (5-vinyltetrazole) and phase stabilized ammonium nitrate.   The gas generation system of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises poly (1-vinyl) tetrazole and phase stabilized ammonium nitrate.   The gas generating system of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises poly (3-vinyl) 1,2,5 oxadiazole, and phase stabilized ammonium nitrate.   The gas generating system of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises poly (3-vinyl) 1,2,5 triazole, and phase stabilized ammonium nitrate. A method of forming a gas generant composition comprising a polymerizable azole fuel and an oxidant, comprising:
Provide a solvent effective to dissolve a fuel comprising a polymerizable azole selected from the group consisting of polyvinyltetrazole, polyvinyltriazole, and polyvinylfurazan, the solvent being a functional group that may be present in the polymerizable azole Selected for solubility, and the solvent is placed in a mixing vessel;
Heating the solvent below the boiling point and autoignition temperature of any constituents added to the vessel;
Adding fuel to the solvent and dissolving the mixture with stirring;
An oxidizing agent is added to the solvent and the mixture is dissolved with stirring;
The method comprising the steps of at least partially distilling off the solvent by maintaining stable heating and stirring of the slurry; and co-precipitating a homogeneous solution containing fuel and oxidant.   The gas generation system containing the gas generating agent manufactured by the method of Claim 14.

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