USH367H - In situ dye smoke - Google Patents
In situ dye smoke Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USH367H USH367H US07/057,888 US5788887A USH367H US H367 H USH367 H US H367H US 5788887 A US5788887 A US 5788887A US H367 H USH367 H US H367H
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- smoke
- dye
- weight
- percent
- leucoquinizarin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title description 2
- BKNBVEKCHVXGPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene-1,4,9,10-tetrol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C3C(O)=CC=C(O)C3=C(O)C2=C1 BKNBVEKCHVXGPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- ZRDJERPXCFOFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;iodic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]I(=O)=O ZRDJERPXCFOFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920002121 Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- OZFDRTGKARBHQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-iodoanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical class O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2I OZFDRTGKARBHQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- QKOWXXDOHMJOMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(6-isocyanatohexyl)biuret Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCNC(=O)N(CCCCCCN=C=O)C(=O)NCCCCCCN=C=O QKOWXXDOHMJOMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZCJSVRGPHXBSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-chloro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinazoline Chemical compound C1=C2C(Cl)=NC=NC2=CC2=C1OCO2 RZCJSVRGPHXBSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- QFWPJPIVLCBXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glymidine Chemical compound N1=CC(OCCOC)=CN=C1NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QFWPJPIVLCBXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)=O ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BIZCJSDBWZTASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine pentoxide Inorganic materials O=I(=O)OI(=O)=O BIZCJSDBWZTASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- AGCQZYRSTIRJFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol dinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCOCCOCCO[N+]([O-])=O AGCQZYRSTIRJFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPPYBNCEPZCLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane trinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(C)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O IPPYBNCEPZCLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to chemically produced colored smokes. More particularly, the invention is directed to an in situ dye smoke which burns efficiently and without flame.
- Dye smoke currently in use contain potassium chlorate (KClO 3 ) oxidizer and pressed sugar-type binders.
- Liquid castable colored smoke compositions are known utilizing polymeric fuel binders such as polyacrylate, polyurethane or polyester which is then plasticized utilizing plasticizers such as bis-dinitropropylacrylate-formal, trimethylol ethane trinitrate or triethylene glycol dinitrate. These systems produce smoke by oxidizing the binder. The resulting heat volatilizes the dye. The gaseous dye then condenses in the air producing a colored smoke cloud. These systems are characterized by the destruction of part of the dye during the dispersion or volatilization process.
- compositions for chemically producing colored smokes are also known.
- the composition employs an iodine-based oxidizer and suitable fuel so that on combustion, either iodine or colored metallic iodides or both are formed.
- the color of the smoke is due to the reaction products and cannot be destroyed by the heat from the reaction.
- These compositions contain an oxidizer such as iodic acid, iodine pentoxide or a heavy metal iodate and a fuel binder such as polyvinyltetrazole resin which also contains a light metal fuel such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium, boron and zirconium.
- Oxidizers such as potassium chlorate and light metal fuels such as aluminum and magnesium generate large amounts of heat which pyrolyze the dye. This destruction of part of the dye reduces the efficiency of the dye smoke.
- One object of this invention is a dye smoke which burns without a flame.
- Another object of this invention is a dye smoke which uses a mild oxidizer that deflagrates at low temperatures.
- a smoke dye which will burn efficiently and without flame consists essentially of a hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene binder, the biuret trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate curative, leucoquinizarin also referred to as 1,4,9,10-tetrahydroxyanthracene, and ammonium iodate oxidizer.
- Leucoquinizarin is oxidized and iodinated resulting in the formation of a smoke cloud containing iodoanthraquinone dyes.
- the pyrotechnic composition for producing colored smoke of the present invention consists essentially of four main components. These components are a hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene binder, the biuret trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate curative, leucoquinizarin also referred to as 1,4,9,10-tetrahydroxyanthracene, and ammonium iodate oxidizer.
- the ammonium iodate oxidizer burns cooly due to the amount of hydrogen present in the molecule. There is little of no destruction of the dye caused by heat as in conventional systems. As a result, the pyrotechnic composition produces dye smoke efficiently.
- the iodine which forms during oxidation iodinates the leucoquinizarin starting material forming iodoanthraquinone dyes. Since both iodine and its derivatives are flame retardants, the resulting dye is also a flame retardant. This gives the invention the advantage of burning with little or no flame.
- hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene binder and about 40 to about 43 percent by weight ammonium iodate oxidizer may be used.
- About 21 to about 30 weight percent of leucoquinizarin, also referred to as 1,4,9,10-tetrahydroxyanthracene may be used.
- the preferred amount if 30 percent by weight since that yields a greater amount of smoke.
- the composition becomes stiff and hard to process when it contains large weight percentages of leucoquinizarin. This can be overcome by using a volatile organic solvent such as methylene chloride during processing. Use of the solvent may allow use of up to about 40 percent by weight leucoquinizarin with a corresponding reduction in the amount of ammonium oxidizer.
- Dye precursors other than leucoquinizarin may also be suitable for use in this invention. The following examples have been provided to illustrate but not limit the invention.
- hexamethylene diisocyanate curative commonly known as Desmodur N-100 was added to 24.0 g of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene binder (HTPB).
- 35.5 g of ammonium iodate (NH 4 IO 3 ) was then added to the mixture.
- 17.0 g of leucoquinizarin, also referred to as 1,4,9,10-tetrahydroxyanthracene was added along with 0.10 g of dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst.
- the overall composition was 36 percent by weight HTPB binder, 43 percent by weight ammonium iodate oxidizer and 21 percent by weight leucoquinizarin.
- the mixture was cured overnight. When ignited, the mixture burned to give large amounts of a yellow-orange smoke. When ignited with an open flame, the flame was quickly extinguished while deflagration continued producing large amounts of yellow-orange smoke.
- hexamethylene diisocyanate curative commonly known as Desmodur N-100 was added to 13.0 g of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene binder.
- 15.0 g of leucoquinizarin (1,4,9,10-tetrahydroxyanthracene) was added followed by 20.0 g of ammonium iodate (Na 4 IO 3 ) oxidizer.
- the composition had the consistency of a stiff paste.
- the overall composition by weight was 30% HTPB binder, 40% ammonium iodate (Na 4 IO 3 ) oxidizer, and 30% leucoquinizarin.
- the mixture was cured overnight at ambient temperature to give a tough, rubbery cured smoke composition.
- the mixture burned flamelessly producing a dense yellow-orange smoke cloud.
- the smoke cannister did not ignite the dry brush upon which it rested during deflagration.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
A dye smoke which burns efficiently and without flame consisting essentia of a hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene binder, the biuret trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate curative, a leucoquinizarin dye referred to as 1,4,9,10-tetrahydroxyanthracene, and ammonium iodate oxidizer. The leucoquinizarin dye is oxidized and iodinated resulting in the iodoanthraquinone derivatives which produce the colored smoke.
Description
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to chemically produced colored smokes. More particularly, the invention is directed to an in situ dye smoke which burns efficiently and without flame.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Dye smoke currently in use contain potassium chlorate (KClO3) oxidizer and pressed sugar-type binders. Liquid castable colored smoke compositions are known utilizing polymeric fuel binders such as polyacrylate, polyurethane or polyester which is then plasticized utilizing plasticizers such as bis-dinitropropylacrylate-formal, trimethylol ethane trinitrate or triethylene glycol dinitrate. These systems produce smoke by oxidizing the binder. The resulting heat volatilizes the dye. The gaseous dye then condenses in the air producing a colored smoke cloud. These systems are characterized by the destruction of part of the dye during the dispersion or volatilization process.
Compositions for chemically producing colored smokes are also known. The composition employs an iodine-based oxidizer and suitable fuel so that on combustion, either iodine or colored metallic iodides or both are formed. The color of the smoke is due to the reaction products and cannot be destroyed by the heat from the reaction. These compositions contain an oxidizer such as iodic acid, iodine pentoxide or a heavy metal iodate and a fuel binder such as polyvinyltetrazole resin which also contains a light metal fuel such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium, boron and zirconium.
The oxidizer and fuel of conventional smoke systems burn predominantly outside the smoke cannister, resulting in flaming. The flames can start brush fires if the smoke is used as a marker. Oxidizers such as potassium chlorate and light metal fuels such as aluminum and magnesium generate large amounts of heat which pyrolyze the dye. This destruction of part of the dye reduces the efficiency of the dye smoke.
One object of this invention is a dye smoke which burns without a flame.
Another object of this invention is a dye smoke which uses a mild oxidizer that deflagrates at low temperatures.
According to the present invention a smoke dye which will burn efficiently and without flame consists essentially of a hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene binder, the biuret trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate curative, leucoquinizarin also referred to as 1,4,9,10-tetrahydroxyanthracene, and ammonium iodate oxidizer. Leucoquinizarin is oxidized and iodinated resulting in the formation of a smoke cloud containing iodoanthraquinone dyes.
The pyrotechnic composition for producing colored smoke of the present invention consists essentially of four main components. These components are a hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene binder, the biuret trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate curative, leucoquinizarin also referred to as 1,4,9,10-tetrahydroxyanthracene, and ammonium iodate oxidizer.
The ammonium iodate oxidizer burns cooly due to the amount of hydrogen present in the molecule. There is little of no destruction of the dye caused by heat as in conventional systems. As a result, the pyrotechnic composition produces dye smoke efficiently. The iodine which forms during oxidation iodinates the leucoquinizarin starting material forming iodoanthraquinone dyes. Since both iodine and its derivatives are flame retardants, the resulting dye is also a flame retardant. This gives the invention the advantage of burning with little or no flame. In general, about 30 to about 36 percent by weight hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene binder and about 40 to about 43 percent by weight ammonium iodate oxidizer may be used. About 21 to about 30 weight percent of leucoquinizarin, also referred to as 1,4,9,10-tetrahydroxyanthracene may be used. The preferred amount if 30 percent by weight since that yields a greater amount of smoke. However, the composition becomes stiff and hard to process when it contains large weight percentages of leucoquinizarin. This can be overcome by using a volatile organic solvent such as methylene chloride during processing. Use of the solvent may allow use of up to about 40 percent by weight leucoquinizarin with a corresponding reduction in the amount of ammonium oxidizer. Dye precursors other than leucoquinizarin may also be suitable for use in this invention. The following examples have been provided to illustrate but not limit the invention.
5.5 g of hexamethylene diisocyanate curative commonly known as Desmodur N-100 was added to 24.0 g of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene binder (HTPB). 35.5 g of ammonium iodate (NH4 IO3) was then added to the mixture. 17.0 g of leucoquinizarin, also referred to as 1,4,9,10-tetrahydroxyanthracene was added along with 0.10 g of dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst. The overall composition was 36 percent by weight HTPB binder, 43 percent by weight ammonium iodate oxidizer and 21 percent by weight leucoquinizarin.
The mixture was cured overnight. When ignited, the mixture burned to give large amounts of a yellow-orange smoke. When ignited with an open flame, the flame was quickly extinguished while deflagration continued producing large amounts of yellow-orange smoke.
2.0 g of hexamethylene diisocyanate curative commonly known as Desmodur N-100 was added to 13.0 g of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene binder. 15.0 g of leucoquinizarin (1,4,9,10-tetrahydroxyanthracene) was added followed by 20.0 g of ammonium iodate (Na4 IO3) oxidizer. After mixing, the composition had the consistency of a stiff paste. The overall composition by weight was 30% HTPB binder, 40% ammonium iodate (Na4 IO3) oxidizer, and 30% leucoquinizarin.
The mixture was cured overnight at ambient temperature to give a tough, rubbery cured smoke composition. The mixture burned flamelessly producing a dense yellow-orange smoke cloud. The smoke cannister did not ignite the dry brush upon which it rested during deflagration.
Modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. It should be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
Claims (3)
1. A pyrotechnic composition for producing colored smoke comprising:
from about 30 to about 36 percent by weight hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene binder;
from about 0.04 to about 0.07 percent by weight biuret trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate curative;
from about 21 to about 30 percent by weight 1,4,9,10-tetrahydroxyanthracene; and
from about 40 to about 43 percent by weight ammonium iodate.
2. The composition as defined in claim 1 and including about 0.001 percent by weight of the catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate.
3. The composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the 1,4,9,10-tetrahydroxyanthracene ranges from about 30 to about 40 percent by weight and the ammonium iodate ranges from about 30 to about 40 percent weight.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/057,888 USH367H (en) | 1987-05-22 | 1987-05-22 | In situ dye smoke |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/057,888 USH367H (en) | 1987-05-22 | 1987-05-22 | In situ dye smoke |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USH367H true USH367H (en) | 1987-11-03 |
Family
ID=22013353
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/057,888 Abandoned USH367H (en) | 1987-05-22 | 1987-05-22 | In situ dye smoke |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USH367H (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5861106A (en) * | 1997-11-13 | 1999-01-19 | Universal Propulsion Company, Inc. | Compositions and methods for suppressing flame |
| US20050230017A1 (en) * | 2003-10-09 | 2005-10-20 | Williams Graylon K | Gas generant compositions |
| CN108844865A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-11-20 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | A kind of method and device of dual wavelength polarized light scatter measurement particulate matter |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1339142A (en) | 1919-01-10 | 1920-05-04 | Edwin C Weisgerber | Colored smoke |
| US2995526A (en) | 1951-07-27 | 1961-08-08 | Ment Jack De | Composition for smoke production |
| US3046168A (en) | 1958-10-16 | 1962-07-24 | Lohr A Burkardt | Chemically produced colored smokes |
| US3669026A (en) | 1970-05-18 | 1972-06-13 | Geoscience Ltd | Transportation system |
-
1987
- 1987-05-22 US US07/057,888 patent/USH367H/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1339142A (en) | 1919-01-10 | 1920-05-04 | Edwin C Weisgerber | Colored smoke |
| US2995526A (en) | 1951-07-27 | 1961-08-08 | Ment Jack De | Composition for smoke production |
| US3046168A (en) | 1958-10-16 | 1962-07-24 | Lohr A Burkardt | Chemically produced colored smokes |
| US3669026A (en) | 1970-05-18 | 1972-06-13 | Geoscience Ltd | Transportation system |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5861106A (en) * | 1997-11-13 | 1999-01-19 | Universal Propulsion Company, Inc. | Compositions and methods for suppressing flame |
| WO1999025424A1 (en) * | 1997-11-13 | 1999-05-27 | Universal Propulsion Company, Inc. | Compositions and methods for suppressing flame |
| US6019177A (en) * | 1997-11-13 | 2000-02-01 | Universal Propulsion Co., Inc. | Methods for suppressing flame |
| US20050230017A1 (en) * | 2003-10-09 | 2005-10-20 | Williams Graylon K | Gas generant compositions |
| CN108844865A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-11-20 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | A kind of method and device of dual wavelength polarized light scatter measurement particulate matter |
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|---|---|---|---|
| STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |