JP2007329985A - Axial gap type motor and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an axial gap type motor in which space factor in ordered winding can be enhanced while achieving miniaturization, high efficiency and high output, and to provide its manufacturing method. <P>SOLUTION: The axial gap type motor comprises a stator 21 having teeth 24b composed of magnetic bodies arranged in the circumferential direction around a predetermined axis of rotation and coils U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, W2 wound around the teeth 24b, and a rotor opposing the tip of the teeth 24b of the stator 21 through a predetermined air gap and rotating about the predetermined axis of rotation. The coils U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, W2 of different phases overlap at the coil ends located on the radial inside and outside of the teeth 24b. The overlapping portions of the coil ends are housed in housing portions (24c, 24d) provided in the stator 21. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an axial gap type motor and a manufacturing method thereof.

  Conventionally, motors used for compressors and fans have been mainly radial gap types. In this radial gap type motor, even if the outer periphery of the stator is shrink-fitted, the entire periphery is shrink-fitted, so that the deformation of the inner peripheral surface of the stator is small, and the influence on the accuracy of the air gap is small.

  On the other hand, an axial gap type motor that can take a large magnet area and can be miniaturized and whose efficiency is improved by downsizing of the aligned winding and the coil has recently attracted attention (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-253635). (See Patent Document 1)).

In this axial gap type motor, similarly to the radial gap type motor, the distributed winding is excellent in terms of the utilization factor of the effective interlinkage magnetic flux of the coil, vibration, and noise. However, the axial gap type motor has a problem in that the size of the coil end portion (the portion located radially inward of the coil teeth and the portion radially outward of the teeth) is increased, resulting in a problem that the motor is increased in size. Further, in the axial gap type motor described above, when the winding of each phase is performed and the coils of each phase are stacked in a step shape, only 1/2 or 1/3 of the coil enters the slot portion between the teeth, and the space factor is increased. There is a problem of lowering.
JP 2000-253635 A

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an axial gap type motor that can improve the space factor by aligned winding, and that can achieve a small size, high efficiency, and high output, and a method for manufacturing the same.

In order to solve the above problem, in the axial gap type motor of the present invention,
A stator having a tooth made of a magnetic material disposed in a circumferential direction around a predetermined rotation axis, and a coil wound around the tooth;
A rotor that opposes the tip of the teeth of the stator with a predetermined air gap and rotates about the predetermined rotation axis;
The coils of at least different phases overlap each other in the axial direction at a coil end portion located radially inward of the teeth and radially outward of the teeth,
A storage portion for storing at least a part of a portion where the coil end portions overlap is provided in at least one of the stator or the rotor.

  According to the axial gap type motor configured as described above, at least a part of the overlapping portion of the coil end portions of the coils of different phases is housed in the housing portion provided in at least one of the stator or the rotor, thereby the coil end. The space of the slot portion between the teeth can be effectively used without being limited by the overlapping of the portions, so that the space factor can be improved by the aligned winding, and the size, high efficiency, and high output can be achieved.

In the axial gap type motor of one embodiment,
The stator includes a yoke made of a substantially annular magnetic body that is provided on at least one end face side so that the teeth stand in the axial direction and is substantially orthogonal to the predetermined rotation axis,
The storage portion is formed on the outer peripheral side of the yoke and radially outward from the teeth, and in the axially through hole provided on the inner peripheral side of the yoke and radially inward of the teeth or on the rotor side. The side that protrudes toward the yoke side of the portion where the coil end portion overlaps is accommodated in at least one of the recessed portions that open. Here, the concave portion provided in the yoke of the stator includes step portions provided on the outer peripheral side and the inner peripheral side of the yoke.

  According to the axial gap type motor of the above-described embodiment, the hole that penetrates in the axial direction provided on the outer peripheral side of the yoke and radially outward from the teeth, and on the inner peripheral side of the yoke and radially inward of the teeth. The side of the coil that overlaps the coil end portion that protrudes toward the yoke is housed. Alternatively, a portion where the coil end portion of the coil overlaps with a recess opening on the rotor side provided on the outer peripheral side of the yoke and radially outward from the teeth, and on the inner peripheral side of the yoke and radially inward of the teeth. The side protruding to the yoke side is housed. Thereby, the part which the coil end part which does not fit in the dimension of the axial direction of teeth overlaps can be embedded in the yoke side. It is also possible to provide both a hole penetrating in the axial direction and a recess opening on the rotor side. When the rotating shaft is held inside the casing outside the stator or via a bearing inside the stator, it is desirable that the yoke extends to the outside or inside of the coil end.

In the axial gap type motor of one embodiment,
The rotor has a salient pole portion projecting between the coil end portion radially inward from the teeth on the stator side and the coil end portion radially outward from the teeth,
The storage portion is provided radially outward of the salient pole portion of the rotor and radially inward of the salient pole portion of the rotor, and protrudes to the rotor side where the coil end portion overlaps. Storing side. Here, the recessed part of the said rotor shall also contain the step part provided in the radial direction outer side and radial direction inner side of the salient pole part.

  According to the axial gap type motor of the above-described embodiment, the coil of the coil is disposed in the storage portion provided radially outside the salient pole portion of the rotor and the storage portion provided radially inside the salient pole portion. The side which protrudes in the rotor side of the part which an end part overlaps is accommodated. Thereby, it is possible to cover the outer peripheral side and the inner peripheral side of the salient pole portion of the rotor at the portion where the coil end portions that do not fit within the axial dimension of the teeth overlap.

  In the axial gap type motor of one embodiment, the salient pole part of the rotor is a permanent magnet.

  According to the axial gap type motor of the above embodiment, by forming salient pole portions using permanent magnets in the rotor, coil end portions are arranged radially outside and radially inward of the permanent magnets that are salient pole portions. A storage portion for storing the overlapping portions can be easily provided. Further, the efficiency can be further improved by interlinking the leakage magnetic flux from the end portion in the radial direction of the permanent magnet with the coil.

  In one embodiment, the salient pole part of the rotor is a magnetic core that covers the permanent magnet and the air gap side of the permanent magnet. The magnetic core is made of a soft magnetic material, for example, iron, has a high magnetic permeability, and is a portion that mainly conducts magnetic flux.

  According to the axial gap type motor of the above-described embodiment, the axial length of the rotor-side storage portion can be increased, the coil storage space can be increased, reluctance torque can be used, and high efficiency can be achieved. .

  In the axial gap type motor of one embodiment, the coil is a three-phase distributed winding.

  According to the axial gap type motor of the above-described embodiment, the coil is made of three-phase distributed winding, which is excellent in terms of utilization rate of the effective interlinkage magnetic flux of the coil, vibration, and noise. Note that this distributed winding is, for example, a so-called virtual distributed winding that realizes a three-phase structure with a two-layer structure by omitting two of the four-phase structures of one phase and four poles in a three-phase structure. Including. The coil may have a two-layer structure or a three-layer structure. The number of other poles may be used.

  In addition to being excellent in the sinusoidal distribution of the magnetic flux density distribution in the air gap, the distributed winding has advantages such as high utilization of the effective interlinkage magnetic flux of the coil and reduction of vibration noise. However, in a radial gap type motor, an inserter system is generally used in which a coil wound in advance is inserted into a slot portion between teeth from a slot opening portion. Therefore, at least when the coil is inserted from the outside or the inside, the shape of the coil is deformed. Even if a radial gap motor is wound around a split iron core, the coil is always deformed when inserted into the slot.

  On the other hand, an axial gap type motor can be inserted in the axial direction while being wound. Therefore, the coil end portion is small and can be accommodated in the inner and outer periphery of the concave portion provided in the yoke and the salient pole portion of the rotor. Further, since the coil end portion is small, it is possible to suppress an increase in winding resistance with respect to concentrated winding.

  In the axial gap type motor of one embodiment, the coil is a three-phase wave winding.

  According to the axial gap type motor of the above-described embodiment, since the coil is made of three-phase wave winding, one coil per phase is sufficient. Therefore, even when the number of poles is increased, the connection can be easily performed. No space is needed. The coil may have a two-layer structure or a three-layer structure.

  In the axial gap motor according to an embodiment, the coil end portion of the coil overlaps in two layers in the axial direction.

  According to the axial gap type motor of the above embodiment, since the coil end portions of the coil overlap in two layers in the axial direction, only one of the overlapping portions of the coil end portions protrudes outward in the axial direction, and the protruding coil By storing the end portion in the storage portion, one of the portions where the coil end portions overlap can be made flat. That is, in the other of the two layers of coils, it is not necessary to bend the coil end portion in the axial direction, and the coil can be easily manufactured. Alternatively, if the coil end portions overlapping the two layers are bent to the opposite sides, the amount of bending becomes equal and the resistance value can be made uniform.

In the axial gap type motor of one embodiment,
The coil has a three-layer structure of a lowermost layer, an intermediate layer, and an uppermost layer arranged in order from the stator side, and the coil end portion overlaps three layers in the axial direction,
While storing the lowermost layer of the portion where the coil end portion overlaps in the storage portion provided in the stator,
The uppermost layer of the portion where the coil end portions overlap is stored in the storage portion provided in the rotor.

  According to the axial gap type motor of the above embodiment, the lowermost layer of the portion where the coil end portions of the three-layer coil overlap is housed in the housing portion provided in the stator, and the coil end portion of the three-layer structure coil. The uppermost layer of the overlapping part is stored in a storage part provided in the rotor. As a result, even in the case of a three-layered coil, the space factor can be improved by aligned winding, and a reduction in size, high efficiency, and high output can be achieved.

In the axial gap type motor of one embodiment,
The lowermost layer of the coil and the uppermost layer of the coil are arranged to face each other across the intermediate layer of the coil,
The sum of the number of turns in the lowermost layer of the coil and the number of turns in the uppermost layer of the coil was made substantially the same as the number of turns in the intermediate layer of the coil.

  According to the axial gap type motor of the above embodiment, the lowermost layer of the coil and the uppermost layer of the coil are arranged so as to face each other with the intermediate layer of the coil facing each other. The sum of the number of windings of the uppermost layer is made substantially the same as the number of windings of the intermediate layer of the coil. Thus, one coil that should have a two-layer structure is used as an intermediate layer, and the other coil is divided into a lowermost layer and an uppermost layer, and the amount of axial projection of the coil end portions of the lowermost layer and the uppermost layer can be reduced.

  Moreover, in the axial gap type motor of one embodiment, a round is provided at an edge of the hole or the recess as the storage portion provided in the yoke of the stator.

  According to the axial gap type motor of the above embodiment, considering the bent portion of the coil end portion accommodated in the hole or the recess by the round provided in the edge of the hole or the recess provided in the yoke of the stator, There is no need to make the holes or recesses larger, the coil storage space can be designed to a minimum, and the axial gap motor can be made smaller.

  Moreover, in the axial gap type motor of one embodiment, the coils with different phases do not overlap in the slot portion between the teeth.

  According to the axial gap type motor of the above-described embodiment, coils having different phases do not overlap each other in the slot portion between the teeth, and only one coil enters one slot portion, so that a high space factor can be secured.

In the axial gap type motor of one embodiment,
The rotor is a first rotor and a second rotor that are arranged so as to sandwich the stator from both sides in the axial direction, and each of which is provided with the storage portion.
In the coil of the stator, the portion protruding to the first rotor side of the portion where the coil end portion overlaps is housed in the housing portion of the first rotor, while the portion where the coil end portion overlaps is the second rotor. The side projecting to the side is housed in the housing portion of the second rotor.

  According to the axial gap type motor of the above embodiment, the coil end portion of the stator side coil overlaps with the storage portions of the first rotor and the second rotor arranged so as to sandwich the stator from both sides in the axial direction. Therefore, in a two-rotor type axial gap type motor in which the stator is sandwiched between two rotors, the space factor can be improved by aligned winding, and the size, high efficiency, and high output can be achieved. Here, the first and second rotors may be fixed to the same shaft or may be fixed to different shafts.

Moreover, in the manufacturing method of the axial gap type motor of this invention,
A manufacturing method of the above axial gap type motor,
Each phase of the coil is wound around a winding frame, shaped into a predetermined shape, and then externally fitted to the teeth of the stator.

  According to the method of manufacturing the axial gap type motor, each phase of the coil is wound around a winding frame and shaped into a predetermined shape, and then externally fitted to the teeth of the stator. It can be easily manufactured as compared.

  As apparent from the above, according to the axial gap type motor of the present invention, at least a part of the overlapping portion of the coil end portions of the coils of different phases is placed in the storage portion provided in at least one of the stator or the rotor. By storing, aligned winding is possible, and by improving the space factor, it is possible to achieve small size, high efficiency, and high output by taking advantage of the characteristics of the axial gap motor.

  Further, according to the axial gap type motor of one embodiment, it penetrates in the axial direction provided on the outer peripheral side of the yoke and radially outward from the teeth, and on the inner peripheral side of the yoke and radially inward of the teeth. The coil end portion that does not fit within the axial dimensions of the teeth can be accommodated in the hole (or the recess that opens to the rotor side) by storing the side protruding to the yoke side of the overlapping portion of the coil end portion of the coil. The overlapping portion can be embedded on the yoke side.

  Further, according to the axial gap type motor of one embodiment, the coil is disposed in the storage portion provided radially outside the salient pole portion of the rotor and the storage portion provided radially inward of the salient pole portion. By storing the portion protruding to the rotor side of the portion where the coil end portions of the coil overlap, the coil end portions that do not fit within the axial dimensions of the teeth overlap, and the outer peripheral side and inner portion of the rotor salient pole portion overlap. The circumference side can be covered.

  Further, according to the axial gap type motor of one embodiment, by forming the salient pole part using the permanent magnet in the rotor, the coil end is arranged on the radially outer side and the radially inner side of the permanent magnet that is the salient pole part. It is possible to easily provide a storage portion for storing a portion where the portions overlap, and to further improve efficiency by interlinking the leakage magnetic flux from the radial end portion of the permanent magnet to the coil.

  Further, according to the axial gap type motor of one embodiment, the axial length of the housing portion on the rotor side is increased by using a permanent magnet and a magnetic core covering the air gap side of the permanent magnet as the salient pole portion of the rotor. The coil can be made longer, the coil storage space is increased, and the reluctance torque can be used, so that the efficiency can be improved.

  Also, according to the axial gap type motor of one embodiment, the utilization factor, vibration, and noise of the effective interlinkage magnetic flux of the coil can be reduced by making the coil a three-phase distributed winding.

  In addition, according to the axial gap type motor of one embodiment, by making the coil into a three-phase wave winding, the connection can be facilitated even when the number of poles is increased, and a space for connection is not required.

  In addition, according to the axial gap type motor of one embodiment, since the coil end portions of the coil overlap in two layers in the axial direction, only one of the portions where the coil end portions overlap is protruded outward in the axial direction. By storing the coil end portion in the storage portion, one of the two layers of coils does not need to bend the coil end portion in the axial direction, and the coil can be easily manufactured. Alternatively, if the coil end portions overlapping the two layers are bent to the opposite sides, the amount of bending becomes equal and the resistance value can be made uniform.

  In addition, according to the axial gap type motor of one embodiment, the lowermost layer of the portion where the coil end portions of the three-layered coil overlap is housed in the housing provided in the stator, and the coil of the three-layered coil By storing the uppermost layer of the part where the end part overlaps in the storage part provided in the rotor, even if it is a coil with a three-layer structure, it is possible to improve the space factor by aligned winding, small size, high efficiency, High output can be achieved.

  According to the axial gap type motor of one embodiment, the lowermost layer of the coil and the uppermost layer of the coil are arranged so as to face each other with an intermediate layer of the coil therebetween, By making the sum of the number of windings of the uppermost layer of the coil substantially the same as the number of windings of the intermediate layer of the coil, one coil that should have a two-layer structure is used as the intermediate layer, and the other coil is By dividing into the lowermost layer and the uppermost layer, the amount of axial projection of the coil end portions of the lowermost layer and the uppermost layer can be reduced.

  Further, according to the axial gap type motor of one embodiment, the bent portion of the coil end portion accommodated in the hole or the concave portion is taken into consideration by providing a radius at the edge of the hole or the concave portion provided in the yoke of the stator. Thus, it is not necessary to make the hole or the recess large, and the storage space can be designed to a minimum, and this axial gap motor can be further downsized.

  Further, according to the axial gap type motor of one embodiment, since the coils having different phases do not overlap each other in the slot portion between the teeth, only one coil can be put in one slot portion, thereby ensuring a high space factor. be able to.

  Further, according to the axial gap type motor of one embodiment, in the two-rotor type axial gap type motor in which the stator is sandwiched between two rotors, the first rotor and the second rotor disposed so as to sandwich the stator from both sides in the axial direction. Since the portions where the coil end portions of the coils on the stator side overlap are stored in the respective storage portions of the rotor, the space factor can be improved by the aligned winding, and the size, high efficiency, and high output can be achieved.

  Further, according to the method of manufacturing an axial gap type motor of the present invention, each phase of the coil is wound around the winding frame and shaped into a predetermined shape, and then externally fitted to the teeth of the stator. The axial gap type motor with high efficiency and high output can be easily manufactured.

  The axial gap type motor of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the illustrated embodiments.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a stator of an axial gap motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 2A is a perspective view after assembly of the stator, FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line IIB-IIB in FIG. 2A, and FIG. 3 is a plan view of the stator core of the stator. 1 to 3, an insulator is usually interposed between the stator core and the coil, but is omitted for convenience. This insulator is formed by a method such as covering with an insulating film, a resin mold, or a resin molding. Although FIGS. 1 to 3 show the bending of the coil in a deformed manner, the bending may actually be provided with a large radius, or the bending angle in the axial direction may be less than 90 °.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the axial gap type motor 2 of the first embodiment includes a stator 21, a rotor (not shown) disposed on the stator 21 via an air gap, and fixed to the rotor. And a shaft (not shown) that extends from the rotor and is held by a bearing. The rotational force of the rotor is transmitted to the load through the shaft. The rotor of the first embodiment has the same configuration as the rotor shown in FIGS. 6 and 8 of the second embodiment described later.

  The stator 21 includes, for example, a stator core 24 attached by press-fitting or shrink fitting inside a sealed container (not shown), and coils U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, W2 attached to the stator core 24. Have. The stator 21 has a two-layer structure of lower layer coils U2, V2, W2 and upper layer coils U1, V1, W1. The stator core 24 is made of a soft magnetic material, for example, iron having a high magnetic permeability.

  The stator core 24 has an annular back yoke 24a disposed so as to be substantially orthogonal to the shaft, and a tooth 24b provided on one surface of the back yoke 24a on the rotor 31 side so as to stand in the axial direction. And have. Holes 24c penetrating in the axial direction as an example of a storage portion are provided at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction on the radially outer side with respect to the teeth 24b of the back yoke 24a. Further, a hole 24d penetrating in the axial direction as an example of a storage portion is provided at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction on the radially inner side with respect to the tooth 24b of the back yoke 24a. Note that the outer periphery of the back yoke 24a extends to the outside of the outer diameter of the coil end, and is attached to the inside of the sealed container, for example. Further, the inner circumference of the back yoke 24a may extend to the inner side of the inner diameter of the coil end, and may also serve as a housing provided with a bearing that rotatably holds the shaft.

  The teeth 24b extend along the shaft, and a plurality of teeth 24b are provided around the shaft. The coils U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, and W2 are wound around a plurality of teeth 24b. Accordingly, the coil ends of the coils U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, and W2 have portions that overlap with other coils. One of the overlapping portions of the coil end portions is wound on the same plane with a certain distance (referred to as “space”) in the radial direction with respect to the tooth 24b. The other of the overlapping portions of the coil end portions is bent with respect to the teeth 24b in the axial direction from the space and toward the back yoke 24a, and stored in holes 24c and 24d provided in the back yoke 24a. Thereby, the other coil is wound without interfering with the coil end part of one coil. Note that the inner coil end portion and the outer coil end portion of one coil may be bent in opposite directions, but assembly may be complicated.

  The inner periphery of the coil end portion on the outer periphery side of the coils U1, V1, W1 is an arc having a radius R1 centered on a predetermined rotation axis, and the inner periphery of the coil end portion on the outer periphery side of the coils U2, V2, W2 Is an arc of radius R2 centered on a predetermined axis of rotation. Here, by setting R1> R2, portions other than the coil end portions of the coils U2, V2, and W2 are positioned in the space inside the coils U1, V1, and W1 (see FIG. 2B). The coil is preferably wound in parallel with a large number of thin wires so that it can be easily shaped, but in the case of a thick wire, it may be shaped for each turn if the number of turns is small.

  In the first embodiment, twelve teeth 24b are provided for a four-pole rotor, and three coils U2, V2, W2 covering three teeth 24b are provided at equal intervals on the lower layer on the stator 21 side. In the upper layer, three coils U1, V1, and W1 that similarly cover the three teeth 24b are provided at equal intervals in the slot portion in which the lower coil is not inserted. In either case, there is one layer inside the slot portion, and the coil is accommodated over almost the entire length of the teeth. The coils of the same layer are all in different phases in the case of a 4-pole rotor. In addition, coils in the upper layer and the lower layer that are 180 ° symmetrical with respect to the axis are in the same phase. In the case of 4n (n is an integer of 2 or more) poles, the arrangement of the coils of each phase of U, V, and W is repeated n times.

  Therefore, if each phase is connected in series, the resistance of each phase becomes almost equal, which is convenient. Each phase may be connected in parallel, but it is desirable that the resistance value of the coil be the same within the same phase. This is to make the currents flowing through the coils in the same phase the same.

  The coils U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, and W2 are excited to generate an axial magnetic flux in the teeth 24b. A quadrupole rotating magnetic field is generated by flowing an alternating current rectified into three phases through the coils U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, and W2. The alternating current is preferably a sine wave, but can be driven even by a non-sinusoidal wave such as a rectangular wave.

  Here, for example, the teeth 24b are made of a dust core, and the teeth 24b are fixed in holes provided in a back yoke 24a in which electromagnetic steel plates are laminated in the axial direction. The teeth 24b are independent for each tooth, but are fixed by the back yokes 24a. The fixing means for the teeth 24b may be press-fitting or adhesion. According to this configuration, since the magnetic flux reaches the back yoke 24a made of a laminated steel sheet after the magnetic flux reaches a sufficient depth through the dust core, the magnetic resistance is low and the iron loss is also reduced. In addition, all the stator cores 24 may be formed using a dust core, and a wound core may be combined.

  The hole 24c that houses the coil end portion of the outer periphery of the back yoke 24a also functions as a stress relaxation hole when the outer periphery is shrink-fitted.

  Furthermore, the coils U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, and W2 can be cooled by passing wind, refrigerant, or the like through the hole 24c that houses the coil end portion.

  Further, the hole 24c on the outer peripheral side of the tooth 24b may be useful as a stress relaxation hole when the tooth 24b is press-fitted into the back yoke 24a.

  Note that the outer periphery and inner periphery of the back yoke do not pass much magnetic flux, such as when held by the case on the outer periphery of the back yoke or when bearings are provided on the inner diameter of the back yoke. There are few. Even when the back yoke is fastened to the structure provided in the axial direction with a bolt or the like, it is preferable to fasten at the outer peripheral portion further than the coil end portion. This is because the coil does not get in the way. You may fasten in an inner peripheral part further than a coil end part.

  Next, an operation for generating a rotating magnetic field by flowing a three-phase alternating current through the coils U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, and W2 of the stator of the axial gap motor will be described.

  FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram for explaining a state in which a three-phase alternating current is passed through the coils U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, and W2, and shows a state viewed from above in FIG. In FIG. 19, a U-phase current is passed through coils U1, U2, a V-phase current is passed through coils V1, V2, and a W-phase current is passed through coils W1, W2. The currents flowing through the coils U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, and W2 are all viewed from the side opposite to the first layer coils U1, V1, and W1 with respect to the second layer coils U2, V2, and W2. For example, the counterclockwise direction is positive. Further, in FIG. 19, twelve teeth 24b arranged in the circumferential direction are designated as T01 to T12.

  As shown in FIG. 19, since only the coils U1 and U2 are wound around the teeth T06 and T12, only the magnetic flux generated by the U-phase current is penetrated. In FIG. 19, the teeth “T06” and “T12” are marked with a symbol “U” to indicate the contents, and the same applies to the other phases.

  Further, only the magnetic flux generated by the V-phase current is passed through the teeth T04 and T10, and only the magnetic flux generated by the W-phase current is passed through the teeth T02 and T08.

  A tooth T05 in which the coils V1 and U2 overlap each other is penetrated by a magnetic flux generated by the U-phase current and the V-phase current. This magnetic flux is generated by a current obtained by superimposing the U-phase current and the V-phase current (hereinafter referred to as U + V-phase current). Accordingly, in FIG. 19, the symbol “U + V” is attached to the tooth T05, and the same applies to the other phases.

  The teeth T11 where the coils U1 and V2 overlap each other are penetrated by the superposed magnetic flux generated by the U-phase current and the V-phase current, that is, the magnetic flux generated by the U + V-phase current.

  The teeth T03 in which the coils V1 and W2 overlap each other and the teeth T09 in which the coils W1 and V2 overlap each other are superimposed on the magnetic flux generated by the V-phase current and the W-phase current, that is, the V-phase current and the W Magnetic flux generated by a current superimposed with the phase current (hereinafter referred to as V + W phase current) is penetrated.

  Furthermore, teeth T01 in which the coils U1 and W2 overlap each other and teeth T07 in which the coils W1 and U2 overlap each other are superimposed with magnetic fluxes generated by the W-phase current and the U-phase current (W-phase current and U-phase). Magnetic flux generated by a current superposed on the current (hereinafter referred to as W + U phase current) is penetrated.

  FIG. 20A shows respective waveforms of the U-phase current, the V-phase current, and the W-phase current. FIGS. 20B to 20D show the respective waveforms of the U + V phase current, the V + W phase current, and the W + U phase current. For example, the U-phase current and the V + W-phase current have the same magnitude and different signs. The same applies to the other phases, and the magnitude of one phase current and the sum of the other phase currents are the same and have different signs.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 19, the teeth T06 and T12 to which the symbol “U” is attached face each other via a shaft (not shown), and the teeth T03 and T09 to which the symbol “V + W” is attached It faces each other via the shaft. That is, the magnetic flux penetrates the teeth T06 and T12 toward one side in the axial direction, and the magnetic flux substantially equal in magnitude to the magnetic flux penetrates the teeth T03 and T09 toward the other axial direction. The same applies to the teeth T04 and T10 to which the symbol “V” is attached and the teeth T01 and T07 to which the symbol “W + U” is attached. The teeth T02 and T08 to which the symbol “W” is attached and the symbol “U + V” are attached. The same applies to the teeth T05 and T11.

  Thus, one phase results in two poles, both having the same polarity, and the other phase results in two poles, both having the same other polarity.

  The electrical angles of the U-phase current, U + V-phase current, V-phase current, V + W-phase current, W-phase current, and W + U-phase current are shifted by 60 degrees in this order. As a result, magnetic fluxes that smoothly change around the shaft are generated on the surfaces of the first layer coils U1, V1, W1 side and the second layer coils U2, V2, W2 side of the stator. As a result, the generated magnetic flux does not significantly contain harmonic components, and noise and vibration are prevented. In the case of three-phase equilibrium, the sum of the currents flowing through the U, V, and W phases is 0. Therefore, the U + V phase is equal to the -W phase, V + W is equal to the -U layer, and W + The U phase is equal to the -V phase.

  According to the axial gap type motor of the first embodiment, aligned winding is possible, and the space factor is improved, so that it is possible to achieve small size, high efficiency, and high output.

  Further, a hole 24c provided in the axial direction that is provided on the outer peripheral side of the back yoke 24a and radially outward from the teeth 24b, and an inner peripheral side of the back yoke 24a and radially inward of the teeth 24b. The axial direction of the teeth 24b is accommodated in the hole 24d penetrating in the axial direction by accommodating the side protruding to the back yoke 24a side of the portion where the coil end portions of the coils U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, W2 overlap. A portion where the coil end portions that do not fit within the dimensions overlap can be embedded on the back yoke 24a side.

  Further, by using the coils U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, and W2 as three-phase distributed windings, the utilization factor, vibration, and noise of the effective interlinkage magnetic flux of the coils can be reduced.

  In addition, since the coil end portions of the coils U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, and W2 overlap in two layers in the axial direction, only one of the overlapping portions of the coil end portions protrudes outward in the axial direction and protrudes. By storing the coil end portion in the holes 24c and 24d, which are storage portions, the other (U1, V1, W1) of the two layers of coils does not need to bend the coil end portion in the axial direction, and the coils U1, V1 , W1, U2, V2, W2 can be easily manufactured. Alternatively, the coil end portions that overlap the two layers may be bent to the opposite sides. Each has the advantage that the amount of bending becomes equal and the resistance value can be made uniform.

  Further, in the slot portion between the teeth 24b, coils having different phases do not overlap with each other, and only one coil enters one slot portion, so that a high space factor can be ensured.

  In addition, each phase of the coils U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, and W2 is wound around the winding frame and shaped into a predetermined shape, and is then externally fitted to the teeth 24b of the stator 21. A high-efficiency, high-power axial gap motor can be easily manufactured. For that purpose, as shown in FIG. 1, the tooth shape needs to have the same cross-sectional shape toward the air gap side. If it does so, a slot part also becomes the same cross-sectional shape to an axial direction, and it is easy to insert the shaped coil. When the tip of the teeth has a wide “brimm” toward the air gap, the teeth main body and the collar, or the teeth main body and the back yoke are separated, and the coils are inserted and then combined. Note that it is not a problem that the teeth shape is provided with, for example, a slight punching taper or radius.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the stator 121 of the axial gap motor according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 5A is a front view of the axial gap type motor, FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the axial gap type motor, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the stator 121 and the rotor 131. 7 is a perspective view showing a cross section of only the rotor 131.

  The winding distribution is the same as that of the first embodiment, but the back yoke 124a of the stator core 124 is not provided with a hole for accommodating the coil end portion. Instead, in the axial gap type motor of the second embodiment, the coil end portions of the coils U1, V1, and W1 on the rotor 131 side are bent toward the rotor 131 side.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 6, the rotor 131 includes an annular back yoke 134 attached to a shaft (not shown) and salient poles provided on one surface of the back yoke 134 on the stator 121 side. A permanent magnet 133 as an example of a portion. The back yoke 134 is made of a magnetic material. Further, the permanent magnet 133 has different magnetic poles alternately in the circumferential direction of the shaft. The permanent magnet 133 generates a magnetic flux in a direction along the shaft. The rotor 131 has four poles.

  In the axial gap type motor of the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5B, the permanent magnet 133 of the rotor 131 is provided between the bent coil end portions of the stator 121. That is, the permanent magnet 133 and the bent coil end portion have portions that overlap each other in the radial direction. Since the coil end portion and the rotor 131 must not come into contact with each other, the protrusion of the coil end portion from the tip of the tooth 124b must be equal to or shorter than the thickness of the permanent magnet 133 plus the air gap length.

  As an advantage of the axial gap type motor of the second embodiment, the leakage magnetic flux at the radial end of the permanent magnet 133 can be linked to the coil. Furthermore, if the respective phases are connected in series, the resistance of each phase becomes substantially equal, and the coils in which the leakage magnetic flux is interlinked are one coil in each phase, and the interlinkage magnetic flux is also almost equivalent in each phase. . A coil whose coil end portion is bent on the rotor side slightly increases the interlinkage magnetic flux. If the difference cannot be ignored, the number of turns may be reduced as compared with other coils.

  The axial gap type motor of the first embodiment is superior to the axial gap type motor of the second embodiment in that a permanent magnet can be provided beyond the length in the radial direction of the teeth. In particular, it is possible to further increase the flux linkage by providing a wide brim so that the coil can cover the tip of the teeth.

  The axial gap type motor of the second embodiment has the same effect as the axial gap type motor of the first embodiment.

  Further, the coil U1, the storage portion provided radially outside the salient pole portion (permanent magnet 133) of the rotor 131 and the storage portion provided radially inside the salient pole portion (permanent magnet 133). In the portion where the coil end portions of V1, W1, U2, V2, W2 overlap, the coil end portion that does not fit within the axial dimension of the teeth 124b is accommodated by housing the side protruding to the rotor 131 side. The outer peripheral side and the inner peripheral side of the salient pole part (permanent magnet 133) of the rotor 131 can be covered. The outer coil end portion can be bent toward the rotor, and the inner coil end portion can be bent toward the back yoke side of the stator. For example, in order to firmly fasten the rotor to the shaft, if the inner coil end portion cannot be bent toward the rotor side by increasing the axial length in the vicinity of the inner diameter of the rotor, it may be bent toward the stator side.

  Further, by forming the salient pole portion using the permanent magnet 133 in the rotor 131, a storage portion for storing the overlapping portions of the coil end portions on the radially outer side and the radially inner side of the permanent magnet 133 that is the salient pole portion. The leakage flux from the radial end of the permanent magnet 133 can be linked to the coil, and the efficiency can be further improved.

  FIG. 8 shows a modification of the rotor 231 that can be applied in place of the second embodiment, and the stator 121 has the same configuration as that shown in FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the back yoke 234 of the rotor 231 has salient pole portions 234 a made of an iron core between the permanent magnets 233. Furthermore, a plate-like core 232 is further provided on the extension line in the axial direction of the permanent magnet 233 and the salient pole part 234a. A space is provided between the permanent magnet 233 and the salient pole portion 234a so that the magnetic flux is not short-circuited, and the plate-like core 232 is also in a region facing the region between the permanent magnet 233 and the salient pole portion 234a. A slit 232a is provided. The permanent magnet 233 and the plate-like core 232 are fixed to the back yoke 234 by adhesion or press fitting.

  In the rotor 231, the coil end portion can be protruded toward the rotor 231 by the thickness of both the permanent magnet 233 and the plate core 232. Further, by using the salient pole portion 234a as the q-axis and using the reluctance torque in combination, further increase in efficiency can be achieved. Furthermore, since the permanent magnet 233 is covered with the plate-shaped iron core (plate-shaped core 232), it is strong against demagnetization, and eddy current can be reduced when the permanent magnet 233 is a neodymium-based sintered magnet. . The salient pole portions 234a, the back yoke 234, and the plate core 232 are all made of a soft magnetic material, for example, iron. In particular, the plate core 232 is made of a material having a small iron loss in all directions (such as a dust core). ) Is desirable.

  Thus, by using the permanent magnet 233 and the magnetic core (plate core 232) that covers the air gap side of the permanent magnet 233 as the salient pole part of the rotor 231, the axial length of the storage part on the rotor 231 side is increased. The coil can be made longer, the coil storage space is increased, and the reluctance torque can be used, so that the efficiency can be improved.

  In the axial gap type motor using the stator 121 and the rotor 231 shown in FIG. 8, the permanent magnet 233 is more than the d-axis inductance Ld of the magnetic path passing through the back yoke 234 between the magnetic pole centers of the permanent magnets 233 having different polarities. The q-axis inductance Lq of the magnetic path that bypasses the path and passes through the salient pole portion 234a of the back yoke 234 is large. A reluctance torque proportional to the difference between the q-axis inductance Lq and the d-axis inductance Ld is generated.

Therefore, the reluctance torque can be effectively used by advancing the current phase of the coils U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, and W2. For example, magnet torque and reluctance torque can be used together by advancing the current phase at an angle greater than 0 ° and less than 45 °. Although it depends on the design and load point of the q-axis inductance Lq and the d-axis inductance Ld, the torque can usually be maximized by advancing about 15 to 30 °. Furthermore, it can be used as a storage space for the coil end portion by the thickness of the permanent magnet and the plate-like core.
Here, you may have a stator on both sides of a rotor. In that case, two sets having the same stator structure may be used, and the above-described configuration may be applied to the rotor facing the respective stators.

[Third Embodiment]
FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of the stator 321 of the axial gap motor according to the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a perspective view after the stator 321 is assembled. The rotor of this axial gap type motor has the same configuration as the rotor shown in FIGS. 6 and 8 of the second embodiment.

  In the axial gap type motor of the third embodiment, the coils Ud, Vd, Wd of the stator 321 are so-called wave windings. That is, the coils Ud, Vd, Wd that have passed through the slot portion between the teeth 324b are wound in different directions on the outer peripheral side and the inner peripheral side. That is, each phase has one coil regardless of the number of poles. Therefore, even when the number of poles is increased, connection is facilitated and a space for connection is not required.

  The coils Ud, Vd, Wd are referred to as a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer from the bottom. The portions of the coils Ud, Vd, Wd accommodated in the slot portion between the teeth 324b are accommodated over almost the entire length of the teeth and do not overlap with other phases.

  In the first layer, the coil Ud is arranged in a planar shape. However, spaces are provided in the inner periphery and the outer periphery with respect to the teeth 324b. Using this space, the coil end portions of the other phases are bent.

  In the second layer, the coil Vd is arranged and the coil end portion is in the same plane as the inside of the slot in the portion not overlapping with the first layer coil Ud, but in the portion overlapping the first layer coil Ud, the rotor It bends to the side (upper side in FIG. 9) and passes through a layer (referred to as “upper stage”) above the coil end portion of the coil U of the first layer.

  In addition, the third layer is provided with the coil Wd, and the coil end portion of the coil Wd substantially has an upper stage.

  A salient pole portion (not shown) of the rotor is disposed between the upper coil end portions.

  A storage portion is provided in the back yoke of the rotor, and the upper portion of the coil Wd is stored in the storage portion of the back yoke.

  The coils Ud, Vd, and Wd of the respective phases are wound around a winding frame in advance and shaped into a predetermined shape, and then externally fitted on the teeth 324b of the stator core 324.

  In the third embodiment, the portion where the coil end portions of the waved coils Ud, Vd, Wd overlap is bent toward the rotor side and stored in the rotor storage portion, but the waved coils Ud, Vd, The portion where the coil end portion of Wd overlaps may be bent toward the stator side and stored in the storage portion (through hole, recess, etc.) of the stator.

  The axial gap type motor of the third embodiment has the same effect as the axial gap type motor of the first embodiment.

  Further, by making the coils Ud, Vd, and Wd into three-phase wave windings, the wiring can be easily performed even when the number of poles is increased, the space for the wiring is not required, and the size can be further reduced.

[Fourth Embodiment]
FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of the stator 421 of the axial gap motor according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a perspective view after the stator 421 is assembled. The rotor of this axial gap type motor has the same configuration as the rotor shown in FIGS. 6 and 8 of the second embodiment.

  In the axial gap type motor of the fourth embodiment, the outer side in the radial direction with respect to the teeth 424b of the back yoke 424a of the stator core 424 has a concave portion 424c as an example of a storage portion, and the inner side in the radial direction with respect to the teeth 424b. Has a concave portion 424d as an example of a storage portion. The bottom surfaces of the recesses 424c and 424d are deeper than the bottom of the slot portion between the teeth 424b.

  In the fourth embodiment, 24 teeth 424b are provided, and coils U, V, and W of different phases are arranged corresponding to the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer. In each phase, four coils are connected in series or in parallel. Since the coil end portion also overlaps in three layers in the axial direction, the coil end portion of the first layer coil U is housed in the recesses 424c and 424d provided in the back yoke 424a, and the coil end portion of the third layer coil W Is housed in a housing portion provided radially outside and radially inside a salient pole portion of a rotor (not shown). The coil V of the second layer has a planar shape in which the coil end portion is not bent in the axial direction.

  In the axial gap type motor of the fourth embodiment, even when four poles are realized, the number of turns of one coil can be reduced as compared with the other first to third embodiments. Has the advantage of being small. Note that the teeth 424a between adjacent coils of the same phase can be omitted. When omitted, the stator core is as shown in FIG. 1, and one end of an adjacent coil in the same phase is accommodated in the same slot.

  The axial gap type motor of the fourth embodiment has the same effect as the axial gap type motor of the first embodiment.

  In addition, the lowermost layer (coil end part side of the coil U) of the three-layered coils U, V, and W where the coil end part overlaps is housed in the housing part provided in the stator and the three-layered structure The uppermost layer (the coil end portion side of the coil W) of the portions where the coil end portions of the coils U, V, and W of the two coils U, V, and W overlap is housed in the housing portion provided in the rotor, whereby the three-layer coil U, Even in the case of V and W, the space factor can be improved by aligned winding, and the size, efficiency, and output can be increased.

[Fifth Embodiment]
FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of the stator 521 of the axial gap motor according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. The coils U, V, W of the axial gap motor of the fifth embodiment have the same configuration as the coils U, V, W of the axial gap motor of the fourth embodiment, and a description thereof is omitted. . The rotor of this axial gap type motor has the same configuration as the rotor shown in FIGS. 6 and 8 of the second embodiment.

  The axial gap type motor of the fifth embodiment has an annular step portion 524c as an example of a storage portion on the outer side in the radial direction with respect to the teeth 524b of the back yoke 524a of the stator core 524, and has a radius with respect to the teeth 524b. The inner side in the direction has an annular step portion 524d as an example of a storage portion. The bottom surfaces of the step portions 524c and 524d are lower than the bottom portion of the slot portion corresponding to the bending of the coil end portion.

  The axial gap type motor of the fifth embodiment has the same effects as the axial gap type motor of the fourth embodiment.

  In addition, the axial gap type motor of the fifth embodiment is excellent in that, for example, even in the bottom phase, the step portions 524c and 524d have spaces for leading neutral points and lead lines. However, when the outer peripheral portion of the stator core is press-fitted, frayed or the like inside the casing, the axial length of the fitting portion is reduced. Therefore, this embodiment is particularly effective in the case of fixing using the lower surface of the back yoke using a bolt or the like.

[Sixth Embodiment]
FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view of the stator 621 of the axial gap motor according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. The coils U, V, W of the axial gap motor of the sixth embodiment have the same configuration as the coils U, V, W of the axial gap motor of the fourth embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted. . The rotor of this axial gap type motor has the same configuration as the rotor shown in FIGS. 6 and 8 of the second embodiment.

  The axial gap type motor of this sixth embodiment has an annularly continuous recess 624c as an example of a storage portion on the outer side in the radial direction with respect to the teeth 624b of the back yoke 624a, and in the radial direction with respect to the teeth 624b. The inner side has an annular continuous recess 624d as an example of a storage unit.

  The axial gap type motor of the sixth embodiment has the same effect as the axial gap type motor of the fifth embodiment.

  In addition, the axial gap type motor of the sixth embodiment is easier to position the coil end portion of the second layer coil V than the fifth embodiment.

[Seventh Embodiment]
FIG. 15 is an exploded perspective view of the stator 721 of the axial gap motor according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 16A is a partially enlarged view of the stator 721 as viewed obliquely from above, and FIG. 16B is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the stator 721. The coils U, V, W of the axial gap motor of the seventh embodiment have the same configuration as the coils U, V, W of the axial gap motor of the fourth embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted. . The rotor of this axial gap type motor has the same configuration as the rotor shown in FIGS. 6 and 8 of the second embodiment.

  In the seventh embodiment, the outer side in the radial direction with respect to the teeth 724b of the back yoke 724a of the stator core 724 has an annularly continuous recess 724c as an example of a storage portion, and the inner side in the radial direction with respect to the teeth 724b is As an example of the storage portion, a recess 724d continuous in an annular shape is provided.

  As shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B, rounds are formed from the bottom of the slot between the teeth 724b to the edges 731 and 732 of the recesses 724c and 724d. In FIG. 15, the coils U, V, and W are bent at a right angle, but in reality, the coils U, V, and W also have a radius. Usually, in order to design in consideration of rounding, the recesses 724c and 724d for accommodating the coil end portions and the space between the coil end portion of the second layer coil V and the teeth 724b are also designed to be larger than actual. However, according to this configuration, since rounding starts from the bottom of the slot portion (in the vicinity of the recesses 724c and 724d), the recesses 724c and 724d also have no space between the coil end portion of the coil V of the second layer and the teeth 724b. The design can be minimized, and the axial gap motor can be downsized.

  The axial gap type motor of the seventh embodiment has the same effect as the axial gap type motor of the fourth embodiment.

  In this manner, by providing a radius at the edges of the recesses 724c and 724d provided in the back yoke 724a of the stator 721, the bent portion of the coil end portion housed in the recesses 724c and 724d is taken into consideration. , 724d need not be made larger, the coil storage space can be designed to a minimum, and this axial gap motor can be further miniaturized.

  In the seventh embodiment, a round shape is formed from the bottom of the slot portion between the teeth 724b (in the vicinity of the recesses 724c and 724d) to the edge portions 731 and 732 of the recesses 724c and 724d which are storage units. R may be formed at the corners or the edge of the hole penetrating in the axial direction.

[Eighth Embodiment]
FIG. 17A is an exploded perspective view of an axial gap type motor according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. 17B is a cross-sectional view of the stator 821 in the case of three-layer winding, and FIG. 17C is a cross-sectional view of the stator 821 in the case of two-layer winding.

  The axial gap type motor according to the eighth embodiment includes a stator 821, and a first rotor 831 and a second rotor 831 that are disposed with a predetermined air gap therebetween so as to be sandwiched from both axial sides of the stator 821. ing.

  The stator 821 has a plurality of teeth 824 arranged in the circumferential direction around a predetermined rotation axis, and coils U, V, W wound around the plurality of teeth 824.

  The first and second rotors 831 and 831 have a plate-like core 832, a permanent magnet 833, and a back yoke 834. The permanent magnets 833 facing each other of the first and second rotors 831 and 831 have opposite polarities.

  Of the coils U, V, and W of the stator 821, the first layer coil U and the third layer coil W are bent toward the first and second rotors 831 and 831 respectively, and the rotors 831 and 831 The salient pole parts (permanent magnet 833 and plate-like core 832) are covered (see FIG. 17B).

  The teeth 824 and the coils U, V, and W need to be fixed in some form. For example, they are molded as a single unit.

  Note that the coils U, V, and W shown in FIG. 17B are not limited to the three-layer structure, and even if the coil shown in the first embodiment has the two-layer structure, as shown in FIG. If the end portion is bent toward one first rotor 831 and the coil end portion of the second layer L2 is bent toward the other second rotor 831, the outer diameter of the coil end portion can be reduced.

  The axial gap type motor of the eighth embodiment has the same effect as the axial gap type motor of the second embodiment.

  Further, in the two-rotor type axial gap type motor in which the stator 821 is sandwiched between the two first and second rotors 831 and 831, the first rotor 831 and the second rotor disposed so as to sandwich the stator 821 from both sides in the axial direction. Since the coil end portions of the coils U, V, and W on the stator 821 side are stored in the respective storage portions of 831, the space factor can be improved by aligned winding, and the size, efficiency, and output are increased. Can be achieved.

[Ninth Embodiment]
FIG. 18A is an exploded perspective view of a stator 921 of an axial gap motor according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention. 18B is a perspective view showing a state in which the coils of the stator 921 are overlapped, and FIG. 18C is a perspective view after the stator is assembled. The rotor of this axial gap type motor has the same configuration as the rotor shown in FIGS. 6 and 8 of the second embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 18A, a stator 921 of the axial gap type motor of the ninth embodiment includes a stator core 924 and lowermost coils U2-1, V2-1, which are attached to the stator core 924 in this order from the stator core 924 side. W2-1, uppermost coils U2-2, V2-2, W2-2, and intermediate phase coils U1, V1, W1 are provided.

  The stator core 924 stands in the axial direction on an annular back yoke 924a disposed so as to be substantially orthogonal to a shaft (not shown), and on one surface of the back yoke 924a on the rotor (not shown) side. And a tooth 924b provided to do so. Holes 924c penetrating in the axial direction as an example of a storage portion are provided at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction on the radially outer side with respect to the teeth 924b of the back yoke 924a. Further, a hole 924d penetrating in the axial direction as an example of a storage portion is provided at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction on the radially inner side with respect to the teeth 924b of the back yoke 924a.

  In addition, the lowermost coils U2-1, V2-1, W2-1 and the uppermost coils U2-2, V2-2, W2-2 are opposed to each other across the intermediate coils U1, V1, W1. It is arranged to do. Further, the sum of the number of windings of the lowermost layer coil U2-1 and the number of windings of the uppermost layer coil U2-2, the number of windings of the lowermost layer coil V2-1 and the number of windings of the uppermost layer coil V2-2. The sum of the number of turns and the sum of the number of turns of the lowermost layer coil W2-1 and the number of turns of the uppermost layer coil W2-2 are the number of turns of the coils U1, V1, W1 of the intermediate layer. It is almost the same. Here, it is assumed that the coil U2-1 and the coil U2-2, the coil V2-1 and the coil V2-2, and the coil W2-1 and the coil W2-2 are in series, respectively. It is also good. In that case, for example, the coils U1, V1, and W1 may be formed by winding two coils having the same wire diameter as the coil U2-1 at the same time as the coil U2-1 and connecting the ends of the two wires. It is.

  In the axial gap type motor of the ninth embodiment, the lowermost coil U2-1 and the uppermost coil U2-2, the lowermost coil V2-1 and the uppermost coil V2-2, and the lowermost coil W2- The first and uppermost coils W2-2 are in contact with each other in the same slot portion and overlap each other (portion indicated by S in FIG. 18B).

  The axial gap type motor of the ninth embodiment has the same effects as the axial gap type motor of the first embodiment.

  The lowermost coils U2-1, V2-1, W2-1 and the uppermost coils U2-2, V2-2, W2-2 are opposed to each other across the intermediate coils U1, V1, W1. The lowermost coils U2-1, V2-1, W2-1 and the uppermost coils U2-2, V2-2, W2-2 are arranged in the middle of the number of turns of the opposing coil pairs. By making the number of windings of the coils U1, V1, W1 of the layers substantially the same, one coil to be a two-layer structure is used as an intermediate layer, and the other coil is divided into a lowermost layer and an uppermost layer. And the protrusion amount of the axial direction of the coil end part of the uppermost layer can be reduced.

  In the first, second, fourth to ninth embodiments, distributed winding is shown. However, the present invention can be applied to wave winding and concentric winding as long as the coil end portions overlap. Further, the number of poles, the form of the rotor, and the like are arbitrary.

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a stator of an axial gap motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2A is a perspective view of the stator after assembly. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line IIB-IIB in FIG. 2A. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the stator core of the stator. FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the stator of the axial gap motor according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5A is a front view of the axial gap motor. FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the axial gap type motor. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the stator and the rotor. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a cross section of only the rotor of the axial gap type motor. FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the axial gap motor when another rotor is applied. . FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of the stator of the axial gap motor according to the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the stator. FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of the stator of the axial gap motor according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a perspective view after the stator is assembled. FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of a stator of an axial gap motor according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view of a stator of an axial gap motor according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 15 is an exploded perspective view of the stator of the axial gap motor according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 16A is a partially enlarged view of the stator as viewed obliquely from above. 16B is a cross-sectional view taken along line XVIB-XVIB in FIG. 6A. FIG. 17A is an exploded perspective view of a stator of an axial gap motor according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 17B is a cross-sectional view when the stator coil has a three-layer structure. FIG. 17C is a cross-sectional view when the stator coil has a two-layer structure. FIG. 18A is an exploded perspective view of a stator of an axial gap motor according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 18B is a perspective view showing a state in which the coils of the stator are overlaid. FIG. 18C is a perspective view of the stator after assembly. FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram for explaining a state in which a three-phase alternating current is passed through the coil. FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the waveforms of the three-phase currents.

Explanation of symbols

21, 121, 321, 421, 521, 621, 721, 821, 921 ... Stator 24, 124, 324, 424, 524, 624, 724, 924 ... Stator core 24a, 124a, 324a, 424a, 524a, 624a, 724a, 924a ... Back yoke 24b, 124b, 324b, 424b, 524b, 624b, 724b, 824, 924b ... Teeth 24c, 924c, 924d ... Hole 131, 231, 831 ... Rotor 133, 233, 833 ... Permanent magnet 134, 234, 834 ... back yokes 232, 832 ... plate-like cores 234a, 834a ... salient pole parts 424c, 424d, 624c, 624d, 724c, 724d ... concave parts 524c, 524d ... step parts U, V, W, U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, W2, U2-1, V2-1, W2-1, U2-2, V2-2, W2-2, Ud, Vd, Wd ... Coil

Claims (14)

Teeth (24b, 124b, 324b, 424b, 524b, 624b, 724b, 824, 924b) made of a magnetic material arranged in the circumferential direction around a predetermined rotation axis, and the teeth (24b, 124b, 324b, 424b, 524b, 624b, 724b, 824, 924b) (U, V, W, U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, W2, U2-1, V2-1, W2-1, U2-2) , V2-2, W2-2) and a stator (21, 121, 321, 421, 521, 621, 721, 821, 921),
A predetermined air gap is provided at the tip of the teeth (24b, 124b, 324b, 424b, 524b, 624b, 724b, 824, 924b) of the stator (21, 121, 321, 421, 521, 621, 721, 821, 921). And a rotor (131, 231, 831) that rotates about the predetermined rotation axis.
The coils (U, V, W, U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, W2, U2-1, V2-1, W2-1, U2-2, V2-2, W2-2) are at least in different phases The coils are radially inward of the teeth (24b, 124b, 324b, 424b, 524b, 624b, 724b, 824, 924b) and the teeth (24b, 124b, 324b, 424b, 524b, 624b, 724b, 824). , 924b) is overlapped in the axial direction at the coil end portion located radially outward from the 924b),
An accommodating portion for accommodating at least a part of the overlapping portion of the coil end portion is the stator (21, 121, 321, 421, 521, 621, 721, 821, 921) or the rotor (131, 231, 831). ) Is provided on at least one of the axial gap type motors. The axial gap type motor according to claim 1,
The stator (21, 421, 521, 621, 721, 921) is provided on at least one end face side so that the teeth (24b, 424b, 524b, 624b, 724b, 924b) stand up in the axial direction. A yoke (24a, 424a, 524a, 624a, 724a, 924a) made of a substantially annular magnetic body substantially orthogonal to a predetermined rotation axis;
The storage portion includes an outer peripheral side of the yoke (24a, 424a, 524a, 624a, 724a, 924a) and a radially outer side than the teeth (24b, 424b, 524b, 624b, 724b, 924b), and the yoke ( 24a, 424a, 524a, 624a, 724a, 924a) and an axially penetrating hole (24c, 424b, 524b, 924b) provided radially inward of the teeth (24b, 424b, 524b, 624b, 724b, 924b). 924c, 924d) or at least one of the recesses (424c, 424d, 624c, 624d, 724c, 724d) opened to the rotor side, and the yokes (24a, 424a, 524a, 624a, 724a, 924a) Axial gap type motor characterized by accommodating the side protruding to the side. The axial gap type motor according to claim 1,
The rotors (131, 231, 831) are arranged on the stator (121, 821) side radially outside the teeth (124b, 824) and radially outside the teeth (124b, 824). A salient pole portion (234a, 834a) projecting between the coil end portion and
The storage portion includes a radially outer side of the salient pole portions (234a, 834a) of the rotor (131, 231, 831) and the salient pole portions (234a, 834a) of the rotor (131, 231, 831). An axial gap type motor characterized in that the side protruding in the rotor (131, 231, 831) side of the portion where the coil end portion overlaps is housed in the radial direction inner side than the axial end type motor. In the axial gap type motor according to claim 3,
The axial gap type motor, wherein the salient pole portions of the rotor (131, 231, 831) are permanent magnets (133, 233, 833). In the axial gap type motor according to claim 3,
The axial gap type motor according to claim 1, wherein the salient pole portions of the rotor (231, 831) are a permanent magnet (233, 833) and a magnetic core (232, 832) covering an air gap side of the permanent magnet. The axial gap type motor according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The coils (U, V, W, U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, W2, U2-1, V2-1, W2-1, U2-2, V2-2, W2-2) are three-phase Axial gap type motor characterized by distributed winding. The axial gap type motor according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The axial gap type motor characterized in that the coil (Ud, Vd, Wd) is a three-phase wave winding. In the axial gap type motor according to claim 6 or 7,
The coil (U, V, W, U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, W2, U2-1, V2-1, W2-1, U2-2, V2-2, W2-2) An axial gap motor characterized in that the portions overlap in two layers in the axial direction. In the axial gap type motor according to claim 6 or 7,
The coils (U, V, W, U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, W2, U2-1, V2-1, W2-1, U2-2, V2-2, W2-2) are connected to the stator ( 421, 521, 621, 721, 821, 921) is a three-layer structure of a lowermost layer, an intermediate layer, and an uppermost layer arranged in order from the side, and the coil end portion overlaps three layers in the axial direction,
The lowermost layer of the portion where the coil end portion overlaps is stored in the storage portion provided in the stator (421, 521, 621, 721, 821, 921), and
An axial gap type motor characterized in that the uppermost layer of the portion where the coil end portions overlap is housed in the housing portion provided in the rotor (831). In the axial gap type motor according to claim 9,
The lowermost layer (U2-1, V2-1, W2-1) of the coil and the uppermost layer (U2-2, V2-2, W2-2) of the coil are intermediate layers (U1, V1, W1) are arranged to face each other,
The sum of the number of turns of the lowermost layer (U2-1, V2-1, W2-1) of the coil and the number of turns of the uppermost layer (U2-2, V2-2, W2-2) of the coil is: An axial gap type motor characterized by having substantially the same number of windings as the intermediate layers (U1, V1, W1) of the coil. In the axial gap type motor according to claim 2,
An axial gap type motor characterized in that a radius is provided at an edge of the hole or the recess (724c) as the storage portion provided in the yoke (724a) of the stator (721). The axial gap type motor according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
The coils (U, V, W, U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, W2) have phases in the slots between the teeth (24b, 124b, 324b, 424b, 524b, 624b, 724b, 824). An axial gap type motor characterized in that the different coils (U, V, W, U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, W2) do not overlap. The axial gap type motor according to claim 1,
The rotor (831) is a first rotor (831) and a second rotor (831) which are arranged so as to sandwich the stator (821) from both sides in the axial direction, and are provided with the storage portions, respectively.
The coil (U, V, W) of the stator (821) is housed in the housing portion of the first rotor (831) on the side where the coil end portion overlaps is projected to the first rotor (831) side. On the other hand, the axial gap type motor characterized in that the portion protruding to the second rotor (831) side of the portion where the coil end portions overlap is housed in the housing portion of the second rotor (831). It is a manufacturing method of the axial gap type motor according to any one of claims 1 to 13,
The above coils (U, V, W, U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, W2, U2-1, V2-1, W2-1, U2-2, V2-2, W2-2, Ud, Vd, Wd ) Are wound around a winding frame and shaped into a predetermined shape, and then the teeth (24b, 124b) of the stator (21, 121, 321, 421, 521, 621, 721, 821, 921). , 324b, 424b, 524b, 624b, 724b, 824, 924b), and a method for manufacturing an axial gap motor.

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