JP2007326840A - Mutagenicity inhibitor - Google Patents
Mutagenicity inhibitor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2007326840A JP2007326840A JP2006184916A JP2006184916A JP2007326840A JP 2007326840 A JP2007326840 A JP 2007326840A JP 2006184916 A JP2006184916 A JP 2006184916A JP 2006184916 A JP2006184916 A JP 2006184916A JP 2007326840 A JP2007326840 A JP 2007326840A
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- mutagenicity
- extract
- inhibitor
- agaricus
- present
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、特定の抗変異原性物質を含有してなる変異原性抑制剤及びこれを配合してなる飲食物等に関する。The present invention relates to a mutagenicity inhibitor containing a specific antimutagenic substance, food and drink obtained by blending the same.
生物の遺伝子や染色体に変化をひき起こし、突然変異した遺伝情報を発現させる作用のある因子を一般に変異原、変異原物質あるいは遺伝毒性物質等といい、変異原としての性質や作用の強さを変異原性という。自然界には様々な変異原、例えば、放射線、紫外線、活性酸素、種々の化学物質等が存在し、生物は変異原の影響を受けるリスクを絶えず負っている。遺伝子や染色体の異常変化は生体の障害や疾病の発現につながる懸念があるため、変異原の影響を軽減ないしは防止するための取り組みが各方面において推進されている。例えば、炭酸ガス排出規制をはじめとする地球環境問題への取り組み、アルキルフェノール類、フタル酸エステル類、ダイオキシン等のいわゆる環境ホルモン物質への対策等がある。Factors that have the effect of causing changes in the genes and chromosomes of organisms and expressing mutated genetic information are generally called mutagens, mutagens, or genotoxic substances. It is called mutagenicity. There are various mutagens in nature, such as radiation, ultraviolet rays, active oxygen, various chemical substances, etc., and organisms are constantly at risk of being affected by mutagens. Since there are concerns that abnormal changes in genes and chromosomes may lead to damage to living organisms and the development of diseases, efforts to reduce or prevent the effects of mutagens are being promoted in various fields. For example, there are efforts to address global environmental issues such as carbon dioxide emission regulations, and measures against so-called environmental hormone substances such as alkylphenols, phthalates, and dioxins.
変異原物質と疾病との相関性については、とりわけ発癌性との関連が従来から注目され、詳細な研究と考察が重ねられてきた結果、変異原物質は必ずしも発癌性物質であるとは限らないが、発癌性物質(イニシエーター)のほとんどは変異原性を有するという認識が最近の定説となっている。又、飲食に供される物質は、その物質自体及びそれが摂取された後の代謝産物が変異原性を有さないことをもって、当該物質を配合した飲食物の安全性が担保されるべきであるが、飲食物はさまざまな成分を含有し、これらが混合され複合化した成分から構成されているため、特に代謝産物の生体内における挙動を詳細に確認することは実際上不可能なことであり、変異原性や発癌性の感受性が個体によって異なる事情もあって、現実的には食経験を指標のひとつとして飲食物の安全性が判断されているのが実情である。As for the correlation between mutagens and diseases, the relationship with carcinogenicity has been attracting attention in the past, and as a result of repeated detailed research and discussion, mutagens are not necessarily carcinogens. However, the recognition that most carcinogens (initiators) are mutagenic has become a recent theory. In addition, the substance used for eating and drinking should ensure the safety of food and drink containing the substance, because the substance itself and the metabolite after it is ingested are not mutagenic. However, because food and drink contain various components, and these are composed of mixed components, it is practically impossible to confirm in detail the behavior of metabolites in vivo. There are also circumstances where mutagenicity and carcinogenic susceptibility differ from individual to individual, and the reality is that the safety of food and drink is actually judged using dietary experience as an index.
変異原性物質として、食肉や魚介類等の動物性蛋白質に含まれるアミン類と亜硝酸塩との反応により生じるニトロソアミン、ニトロソグアニジン等のニトロソ化合物、肉や魚の焦げ部分、自動車の排気ガス、工場排煙やタバコ煙等に含まれるベンゾ〔a〕ピレン(ベンツピレン)、焼肉や焼魚の焦げ部分に含まれるトリプトファンの熱分解物であるTrp−P1(3−アミノ−1,4−ジメチル−5H−ピリド〔4,3−b〕インドール)、Trp−P2(3−アミノ−1−メチル−5H−ピリド〔4,3−b〕インドール)等がよく知れらている。Mutagenic substances include nitrosoamines such as nitrosamines and nitrosoguanidines produced by the reaction of amines contained in animal proteins such as meat and seafood with nitrites, burned parts of meat and fish, automobile exhaust, factory exhaust Trp-P1 (3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido, which is a thermal decomposition product of benzo [a] pyrene (benzpyrene) contained in smoke and tobacco smoke, and burnt meat and burnt fish [4,3-b] indole), Trp-P2 (3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b] indole) and the like are well known.
このような現状から、変異原物質の変異原性を抑制する作用のある物質や成分の開発が行われ、ビタミンC、β−カロテン、カフェイン、ケルセチン、クルクミン、クロロゲン酸等が変異原性抑制成分として知られている。又、天然物由来の変異原性抑制物質として乳酸菌(特許文献1)、アロエの搾汁液や抽出物(特許文献2)、シナモンやトウガラシ等の香辛料(特許文献3)、海苔の酵素分解ペプチド(特許文献4)、米糠や玄米の抽出物(特許文献5)等が提案され、担子菌類を利用する例としてアガリクス・ブラジー子実体の遊離不飽和脂肪酸(特許文献6)、霊芝等の食用担子菌類又はその抽出物とフラビン類と葉酸との組み合わせ(特許文献7)等が公知である。Under these circumstances, substances and components that have the effect of suppressing the mutagenicity of mutagens have been developed, and vitamin C, β-carotene, caffeine, quercetin, curcumin, chlorogenic acid, etc. are suppressed for mutagenicity. Known as an ingredient. Moreover, as a mutagenicity inhibitor derived from natural products, lactic acid bacteria (Patent Document 1), aloe juice and extract (Patent Document 2), spices such as cinnamon and pepper (Patent Document 3), and laver enzyme-degrading peptide (Patent Document 3) Patent Literature 4), rice bran and brown rice extract (Patent Literature 5), etc. have been proposed, and examples of using basidiomycetes include free unsaturated fatty acids of Agaricus brazi fruiting bodies (Patent Literature 6), edible basidia such as ganoderma A combination of fungi or an extract thereof, flavins and folic acid (Patent Document 7) is known.
しかしながら、通常、変異原性抑制物質はあらゆる変異原に対して効力を有するものではなく、特定の変異原物質に対しては抗変異原性作用を示すが、他の変異原性物質に対しては効力を示さないことが多く、又、変異原物質が多種にわたるため有効性を予測し難い。例えば、特許文献6では、アガリクス茸の子実体をヘキサンで抽出して得た遊離不飽和脂肪酸やクロロホルム/メタノール混合溶媒で抽出して得た13−ヒドロキシ・シス−9,トランス−11・オクタデカジエノイック・アシッドがベンゾ〔a〕ピレンに対して抗変異原性作用を示すことが開示されているが、これ以外の変異原物質に対する変異原性抑制作用は未知であり、特許文献7は、霊芝を40%エタノール水溶液で抽出処理した抽出液がTrp−P2に対して抗変異原性作用を示すことを開示しているにすぎない。However, normally, mutagenic inhibitors are not effective against all mutagens and show antimutagenic activity against certain mutagens, but against other mutagens. Often show no efficacy, and the effectiveness is difficult to predict due to the variety of mutagens. For example, in Patent Document 6, 13-hydroxy cis-9, trans-11, octadeca obtained by extracting a fruit body of Agaricus koji with hexane, a free unsaturated fatty acid obtained by extraction with a mixed solvent of chloroform / methanol. Although it has been disclosed that dienoic acid exhibits an antimutagenic action on benzo [a] pyrene, the mutagenicity-inhibiting action on other mutagens is unknown, and Patent Document 7 It only discloses that an extract obtained by extracting Ganoderma lucidum with an aqueous 40% ethanol solution exhibits an antimutagenic effect on Trp-P2.
かかる現状に鑑み、本発明者らは、とりわけ飲食物に関連する変異原物質による変異原性を効果的に抑制ないし防止することができる変異原性抑制剤を開発し、これを産業上有効に活用できる態様の組成物を提供することを課題とした。In view of the current situation, the present inventors have developed a mutagenic inhibitor that can effectively suppress or prevent mutagenicity due to mutagenic substances related to food and drink, and make this industrially effective. It was made into the subject to provide the composition of the aspect which can be utilized.
前記課題を解決するために、本発明者らは、各種多様な原料素材と変異原性抑制作用との関連性について鋭意検討を重ねた結果、担子菌類の一種であるアガリクス茸にその顕著な有効性を知見し、又、これを飲食品、飼料、医薬品等の分野に有効利用できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have made extensive studies on the relationship between various raw materials and the mutagenicity-inhibiting action, and as a result, the remarkable effectiveness of Agaricus spp. As a result, the present inventors have found that it can be effectively used in the fields of foods and drinks, feeds, pharmaceuticals, etc., and have completed the present invention.
すなわち、本発明によれば、アガリクス茸の子実体を親水性溶媒を用いて抽出処理した抽出物を有効成分として含有してなることを特徴とする変異原性抑制剤が提供される。That is, according to the present invention, there is provided a mutagenicity inhibitor characterized by containing, as an active ingredient, an extract obtained by extracting a fruit body of Agaricus koji using a hydrophilic solvent.
本発明に係る変異原性抑制剤は、望ましくは、アガリクス茸の子実体を熱水抽出処理して得た熱水抽出物をさらに70重量%エタノール水溶液を用いて抽出処理して得たエタノール抽出物を有効成分として含有してなることを特徴とする。The mutagenicity inhibitor according to the present invention is preferably an ethanol extraction obtained by further extracting a hot water extract obtained by subjecting the fruit body of Agaricus spp. To a hot water extraction treatment using a 70 wt% aqueous ethanol solution. It is characterized by containing a product as an active ingredient.
本発明に係る変異原性抑制剤において、アガリクス茸はアガリクス ブラゼイ ムリル(Agaricus blazei Murill)であることが好ましい。In the mutagenicity inhibitor according to the present invention, the Agaricus koji is preferably Agaricus blazei Murill.
本発明によれば、又、アガリクス茸の子実体を親水性溶媒を用いて抽出処理した前記抽出物と、アブラナ属、ダイコン属、セイヨウワサビ属及びワサビ属からなる群から選択される1種又は2種以上の属に属する植物の乾燥粉末及び/又は抽出物とを併用して含有してなることを特徴とする変異原性抑制剤が提供される。According to the present invention, the extract obtained by extracting the fruit body of Agaricus spp. Using a hydrophilic solvent, and one or more selected from the group consisting of Brassica, Radish, Horseradish and Wasabi There is provided a mutagenicity inhibitor characterized by comprising a dry powder and / or extract of plants belonging to two or more genera in combination.
ここで、アブラナ属に属する植物はアブラナ、キャベツ、ケール、ブロッコリー又はナタネであることが望ましく、ダイコン属に属する植物はダイコン又はハツカダイコンであることが望ましく、セイヨウワサビ属に属する植物はホースラディッシュであることが望ましく、又、ワサビ属に属する植物はワサビであることが望ましい。Here, the plant belonging to the genus Brassica is preferably rape, cabbage, kale, broccoli or rapeseed, the plant belonging to the genus radish is preferably radish or radish, and the plant belonging to the genus Horseradish is horseradish It is desirable that the plant belonging to the genus Wasabi is Wasabi.
尚、本発明に係る変異原性抑制剤が対象とする変異原物質はN−ニトロソジメチルアミン(以下、NDMAという)、3−アミノ−1,4−ジメチル−5H−ピリド〔4,3−b〕インドール(以下、Trp−P1という)、N−メチル−N’−ニトロ−N−ニトロソグアニジン(以下、MNNGという)及び4−ニトロキノリン−1−オキシド(以下、4−NQOという)からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種であることが望ましく、更にはNDMA及び/又はTrp−P1であることがより望ましい。The mutagenic substances targeted by the mutagenicity inhibitor according to the present invention are N-nitrosodimethylamine (hereinafter referred to as NDMA), 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b. ] A group consisting of indole (hereinafter referred to as Trp-P1), N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (hereinafter referred to as MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (hereinafter referred to as 4-NQO) Is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of NDMA and / or Trp-P1.
本発明によれば、更に、前記いずれかの変異原性抑制剤を含有してなることを特徴とする飲食品、飼料又は医薬品が提供される。According to the present invention, there is further provided a food, beverage, feed or pharmaceutical comprising any one of the above mutagenic inhibitors.
本発明により、一般に飲食に供されているアガリクス茸から採取される抽出物を有効成分として含む変異原性抑制剤が提供される。この変異原性抑制剤は、畜肉や魚介類の焼き焦げ部分に含まれ、継続的に多量摂取すれば発癌イニシエーターとして作用するNDMA、トリプトファンの加熱分解物であり、同様に発癌イニシエーターとしての懸念があるTrp−P1等の食物由来の変異原物質の変異原性を顕著に抑制することができる。このため、本発明に係る変異原性抑制剤は、飲食品、飼料、医薬品等の分野において、これをそのままの形態又は従来の各種製品に含有せしめた形態として、前記変異原物質により誘発される変異原性の抑制や染色体異常、発癌等の予防のために有効利用することができる。According to the present invention, there is provided a mutagenicity inhibitor containing, as an active ingredient, an extract generally collected from Agaricus koji used for food and drink. This mutagenicity inhibitor is contained in the burned portion of livestock meat and seafood, and is a thermal decomposition product of NDMA and tryptophan that acts as a carcinogenic initiator when continuously ingested in large amounts. The mutagenicity of food-derived mutagens such as Trp-P1 that is of concern can be significantly suppressed. For this reason, the mutagenicity inhibitor according to the present invention is induced by the mutagen in the fields of foods and drinks, feeds, pharmaceuticals, etc. as it is or in a form in which various conventional products are incorporated. It can be effectively used for suppression of mutagenicity, prevention of chromosomal abnormalities, carcinogenesis and the like.
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。本発明に係る変異原性抑制剤は、アガリクス茸の子実体を親水性溶媒を用いて抽出処理して得られる抽出物を有効成分として含有してなることを特徴とする。ここで、アガリクス茸はハラタケ科のキノコの一種であり、アガリクス属(Agaricus)に属するものをいい、アガリクス ブラゼイ ムリル(Agaricus blazei Murill)、マッシュルーム(Agaricus bisporus)等を例示することができる。アガリクス ブラゼイ ムリルはブラジル原産の茸で、カワリハラタケ、ヒメマツタケ等ともよばれ、近年、我国でも人工栽培されるようになり食用に供されている。その含有成分である多糖体(β−グルカン)や多糖蛋白複合体は抗腫瘍増殖抑制、免疫増強、血糖値低減等の作用を有することが知られている。マッシュルームはツクリタケ、シャンピニオン等の別名をもち、一般の食材として利用されており、その抽出物は活性酸素消去能を有するといわれている。本発明においてはアガリクス ブラゼイ ムリルを好適に使用することができる。The present invention is described in detail below. The mutagenicity inhibitor according to the present invention is characterized by containing, as an active ingredient, an extract obtained by subjecting Agaricus spp. Fruit bodies to extraction treatment using a hydrophilic solvent. Here, Agaricus mushroom is a kind of agaric mushroom, which belongs to the genus Agaricus, and can be exemplified by Agaricus blazei Murrill, mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and the like. Agaricus blazei murril is a potato native to Brazil, also known as Kawariharatake, Himematsutake, etc. In recent years, it has been artificially cultivated in Japan and is used for food. It is known that polysaccharides (β-glucan) and polysaccharide protein complexes, which are contained components, have actions such as antitumor growth inhibition, immune enhancement, and blood glucose level reduction. Mushrooms have other names such as tsutsutake mushrooms and champignons and are used as general foods, and the extract is said to have an active oxygen scavenging ability. In the present invention, Agaricus brazeimuril can be suitably used.
本発明に係る抽出物は、前記アガリクス茸の子実体を親水性溶媒を用いて抽出処理することにより得ることができる。親水性溶媒の具体例として水、低級1価アルコール、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン類及びこれらの混合物を挙げることができるが、このうち水及び低級1価アルコールが好ましく、低級1価アルコールとしてはメタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロピルアルコール、ブタノール等を好適に使用することができる。本発明に係るアガリクス茸抽出物を飲食品用途に供する場合は水及び/又はエタノールを用いることが望ましく、飼料や医薬品の用途に供する場合はこれ以外の溶媒を使用してもさしつかえない。親水性溶媒として含水アルコールを用いる際の含水率は、アルコールの種類及び極性により異なるが、概ね5重量%以上である。含水率がこれを下回ると目的物の収量が減少し又は変異原性抑制作用が低下することがある。又、エタノール以外のアルコールを用いる場合、アルコールの炭素数が大きくなるほど含水率を高めるのがよい。この含水率のめやすは、メタノールのとき約30重量%以下、エタノールのとき約50重量%以下、イソプロパノールのとき約60重量%以下、又、ブタノールのときは約80重量%以下である。The extract according to the present invention can be obtained by subjecting the fruit body of Agaricus spp. To an extraction treatment using a hydrophilic solvent. Specific examples of the hydrophilic solvent include water, lower monohydric alcohols, ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, and mixtures thereof. Of these, water and lower monohydric alcohols are preferred, and lower monohydric alcohol is methanol. , Ethanol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol and the like can be preferably used. When the Agaricus koji extract according to the present invention is used for food and drink applications, it is desirable to use water and / or ethanol, and when it is used for feed and pharmaceutical applications, other solvents may be used. The water content when using a hydrous alcohol as the hydrophilic solvent varies depending on the type and polarity of the alcohol, but is generally 5% by weight or more. If the water content is lower than this, the yield of the target product may be reduced, or the mutagenicity suppressing action may be reduced. Moreover, when using alcohol other than ethanol, it is better to increase the water content as the carbon number of the alcohol increases. The approximate water content is about 30% by weight or less for methanol, about 50% by weight or less for ethanol, about 60% by weight or less for isopropanol, and about 80% by weight or less for butanol.
尚、前記親水性溶媒はアルカリ性を呈するものが望ましい。これを用いることにより、本発明の所望効果の高い抽出物を更に多量に得ることが可能となる。この場合のアルカリ性は弱ないし中程度であることが望ましく、pHが約10までのもの、より好適なpHは7.5〜9である。カリウムやナトリウム等のアルカリ金属類の水酸化物やリン酸化物を用いて常法により調製する。The hydrophilic solvent is preferably alkaline. By using this, it becomes possible to obtain an extract with a high desired effect of the present invention in a larger amount. In this case, the alkalinity is desirably weak to moderate, and the pH is up to about 10, more preferably 7.5-9. It is prepared by a conventional method using a hydroxide or phosphorus oxide of an alkali metal such as potassium or sodium.
本発明に係る抽出物を得るための抽出処理は次のように行う。すなわち、アガリクス茸の子実体の生又は乾燥物を適宜に凍結破砕処理、裁断処理、衝撃破壊処理、酵素処理等に供して破砕、細断あるいは粉砕し、この重量に対して前記親水性溶媒を1〜50倍容量、より好ましくは2〜20倍容量加え、常圧又は0.1〜5気圧、より好ましくは0.5〜3気圧の加圧下、約40℃以上、より好ましくは80〜95℃に加熱して、適宜に撹拌しながら、約10分〜24時間、より好ましくは30分〜5時間抽出処理する。このとき、前記条件の加圧下で処理を行えば、抽出物の増収メリットがある。抽出処理後、残渣を濾別して抽出液を得る。尚、この抽出残渣に前記親水性溶媒を加えて同様に処理して二次抽出液を得、該操作を数回程度繰り返してもよい。得られた抽出液を併せて濃縮し、噴霧乾燥、凍結乾燥等の処理を施して本発明に係る抽出物を製造することができる。The extraction process for obtaining the extract according to the present invention is performed as follows. That is, the raw or dried material of Agaricus persimmon fruit body is appropriately subjected to freeze crushing treatment, cutting treatment, impact destruction treatment, enzyme treatment, etc., crushing, chopping or pulverizing, and the hydrophilic solvent is added to this weight. Add 1 to 50 times volume, more preferably 2 to 20 times volume, normal pressure or 0.1 to 5 atmospheres, more preferably 0.5 to 3 atmospheres, about 40 ° C. or more, more preferably 80 to 95. The mixture is extracted at a temperature of about 10 minutes to 24 hours, more preferably 30 minutes to 5 hours with appropriate stirring. At this time, if the treatment is performed under the pressure under the above conditions, there is an advantage of increasing the yield of the extract. After the extraction treatment, the residue is filtered to obtain an extract. In addition, the said hydrophilic solvent is added to this extraction residue, it processes similarly, and a secondary extract is obtained, and this operation may be repeated about several times. The obtained extract can be concentrated together and subjected to treatments such as spray drying and freeze drying to produce the extract according to the present invention.
本発明に係る抽出物は前述のように抽出処理して得ることができるが、該抽出処理の手順は、アガリクス茸の子実体を先ず熱水(80〜95℃)抽出して熱水抽出物を得て、次いで該熱水抽出物を更に約70重量%含水エタノールで分別処理し、該含水エタノールに可溶分を採取することが一層望ましい。この場合、例えば、熱水抽出物の重量に対して前記含水エタノールを2〜10倍容量添加し、常圧下、常温〜沸点以下の温度で10分〜12時間、適宜に撹拌しつつ、生じた沈殿物をフィルター濾過、遠心分離等の処理に供して除去し、可溶分を採取、脱溶媒して本発明に係る抽出物を製造する。かかる手順により得られる抽出物は本発明の所望効果を顕著に奏するものである。The extract according to the present invention can be obtained by the extraction treatment as described above, and the extraction process is performed by first extracting the fruit body of Agaricus spp. With hot water (80 to 95 ° C.) and then extracting the hot water extract. More preferably, the hot water extract is further fractionated with about 70% by weight of water-containing ethanol to collect a soluble portion in the water-containing ethanol. In this case, for example, the water-containing ethanol was added in a volume of 2 to 10 times with respect to the weight of the hot water extract, and it was generated with normal stirring at normal temperature to a temperature below the boiling point for 10 minutes to 12 hours. The precipitate is removed by subjecting it to filtration, centrifugation, and the like, and the extractables according to the present invention are produced by collecting soluble matter and removing the solvent. The extract obtained by such a procedure remarkably exhibits the desired effect of the present invention.
なお、本発明に係るアガリクス茸抽出物の成分組成は明らかではないが、少なくとも遊離脂肪酸、グリセリド、レシチン等の脂質類を全く含まず、アミノ酸や単糖類も微量にしか含まれない。In addition, although the component composition of the agaricus koji extract according to the present invention is not clear, it does not contain at least lipids such as free fatty acids, glycerides, and lecithin, and amino acids and monosaccharides are contained only in trace amounts.
かくして得られる抽出物は、これをそのまま又は公知の安定剤、賦形剤、結合剤等の添加物質とともに含有せしめて本発明の変異原性抑制剤とすることができる。添加物質は本発明の趣旨に反しないものであればよく、食品、飼料、医薬品等に使用されるデンプン、デキストリン、粉末セルロース、結晶セルロース、セルロース誘導体、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、乳糖、アラビアガム、マンニトール、トレハロース、グルコース、ゼラチン等を単独で又は組み合わせて利用できる。The extract thus obtained can be used as the mutagenicity inhibitor of the present invention as it is or together with known additives, such as stabilizers, excipients and binders. Additive substances may be used as long as they do not contradict the gist of the present invention. Starch, dextrin, powdered cellulose, crystalline cellulose, cellulose derivatives, sucrose fatty acid ester, lactose, gum arabic, mannitol used in foods, feeds, pharmaceuticals, etc. , Trehalose, glucose, gelatin and the like can be used alone or in combination.
次に、本発明によれば、アガリクス茸の子実体を親水性溶媒を用いて抽出処理した抽出物と、アブラナ属、ダイコン属、セイヨウワサビ属及びワサビ属からなる群から選択される1種又は2種以上の属に属する植物の乾燥粉末及び/又は抽出物とを併用して含有してなることを特徴とする変異原性抑制剤が提供される。この態様の変異原性抑制剤は前述のアガリクス茸抽出物と特定植物の乾燥粉末及び/又は抽出物とを組み合わせてなるものであり、本発明の所望効果をより一層顕著に奏する。Next, according to the present invention, an extract obtained by extracting a fruit body of Agaricus spp. Using a hydrophilic solvent, and one or more selected from the group consisting of Brassica, Radish, Horseradish and Wasabi There is provided a mutagenicity inhibitor characterized by comprising a dry powder and / or extract of plants belonging to two or more genera in combination. The mutagenicity inhibitor of this embodiment is a combination of the aforementioned Agaricus koji extract and a dry powder and / or extract of a specific plant, and exhibits the desired effect of the present invention more remarkably.
この態様の変異原性抑制剤において、アガリクス茸の子実体を親水性溶媒を用いて抽出処理した抽出物は前述したものと同じである。該抽出物と併用する特定植物はアブラナ科植物に属するものであって、アブラナ属(Brassica)、ダイコン属(Raphanus)、セイヨウワサビ属(Armoracia)又はワサビ属(Eutrema)に属するものが好ましい。本発明では、これらの属に属する植物を単独で又は複数組み合わせて使用することができ、各植物の乾燥粉末及び抽出物のいずれか一方又は両方を選択できる。使用部位は根、茎、葉、花、果実、植物体全体、種子、発芽物等のいずれでもよい。In the mutagenicity inhibitor of this embodiment, the extract obtained by extracting the fruit body of Agaricus spp. Using a hydrophilic solvent is the same as described above. The specific plant used in combination with the extract belongs to the Brassicaceae plant, and preferably belongs to the genus Brassica, the genus Raphanus, the horseradish genus (Armoracia) or the genus Horseradia (Eutrema). In the present invention, plants belonging to these genera can be used alone or in combination, and either one or both of dry powder and extract of each plant can be selected. The use site may be any of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, whole plants, seeds, germinated products, and the like.
具体的には、アブラナ属に属する植物としてアブラナ、カブ、カラシナ、カリフラワー、キャベツ、クロガラシ、ケール、コールラビ、コマツナ、セイヨウアブラナ、セイヨウカラシナ、タカナ、ナタネ、ハクサイ、ハクラン、ハボタン、ブロッコリー、メキャベツ等を一例として挙げることができ、ダイコン属に属するものとしてキバナダイコン、ダイコン、ハツカダイコン(ラディッシュ)、ハマダイコン等、セイヨウワサビ属に属するものとしてホースラディッシュ等、ワサビ属に属するものとしてワサビ(沢わさび、水わさび、陸わさび、畑わさび等)を例示することができる。これらのうち、アブラナ属のアブラナ、キャベツ、ケール、ブロッコリー及びナタネ、ダイコン属のダイコン及びハツカダイコン、セイヨウワサビ属のホースラディッシュ、ワサビ属のワサビがより望ましく、キャベツ、ケール及びブロッコリーが最も好適である。Specifically, the plants belonging to the genus Brassica include rape, turnip, mustard, cauliflower, cabbage, black pepper, kale, kohlrabi, komatsuna, oilseed rape, mustard mustard, takana, rapeseed, Chinese cabbage, hakran, habutton, broccoli, medicinal cabbage, etc. For example, Japanese radish, Japanese radish, Japanese radish (radish), Japanese radish, etc., horseradish, etc. belonging to the horseradish genus, horseradish (sawa wasabi, water wasabi), etc. , Land wasabi, field wasabi, etc.). Of these, Brassica rape, cabbage, kale, broccoli and rapeseed, radish radish and box radish, horseradish horseradish, and horseradish wasabi are more preferred, with cabbage, kale and broccoli being most preferred.
これらの植物は、通常、野菜として食用に供せられており、本発明においても生のまま又は搾汁の形態で利用してもよいが、乾燥及び粉砕処理した乾燥粉末、生若しくは乾燥物を水、低級アルコール(メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール等)、アセトン等の親水性溶媒を用いて前述のアガリクス茸の場合と同様に抽出処理した抽出物の形態が簡便であり、好適である。なお、抽出物の場合は、活性炭、シリカゲル、オクタデシルシラン結合シリカゲル(ODS)、活性アルミナ、ポリスチレン等の吸着剤、イオン交換樹脂等を用いて精製処理したり、デキストラン、アガロース等を用いて分画処理を施してもよい。これらの処理によって本発明の所望効果を更に高めることが可能となる。These plants are usually used for food as vegetables and may be used raw or in the form of juice in the present invention, but dry and pulverized dry powder, raw or dried product is used. The form of the extract that is extracted using a hydrophilic solvent such as water, lower alcohol (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, etc.), acetone or the like in the same manner as in the case of Agaricus koji is simple and suitable. In addition, in the case of an extract, it is purified using an adsorbent such as activated carbon, silica gel, octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel (ODS), activated alumina or polystyrene, an ion exchange resin, or fractionated using dextran, agarose, or the like. Processing may be performed. These treatments can further enhance the desired effect of the present invention.
本発明の変異原性抑制剤において、アガリクス茸抽出物と前記特定植物とを併用する場合の比率は、アガリクス茸抽出物1重量部に対して前記特定植物を約0.05重量部〜約1.5重量部がよく、より望ましくは約0.1重量部〜約1.0重量部である。前記特定植物が0.05重量部未満の場合はアガリクス茸抽出物単独のときと効果が変わらず、1.5重量部超過の場合は更なる併用効果が期待できない。In the mutagenicity inhibitor of the present invention, when the Agaricus koji extract and the specific plant are used in combination, the ratio of the specific plant is about 0.05 parts by weight to about 1 with respect to 1 part by weight of the Agaricus koji extract. .5 parts by weight is preferred, more desirably from about 0.1 parts by weight to about 1.0 parts by weight. When the specific plant is less than 0.05 parts by weight, the effect is the same as when Agaricus koji extract alone, and when it exceeds 1.5 parts by weight, no further combined effect can be expected.
本発明の変異原性抑制剤が対象とする変異原物質は、NDMA、Trp−P1、MNNG及び4−NQOからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種であることが望ましい。NDMAは食肉、魚介類、煙草等に含まれるアミン類と亜硝酸塩との反応により生じるニトロソ化合物の一種であり、化学工業や食品加工業等の副生物として発生すること、環境中でも二級アミンと亜硝酸性窒素との反応によって生成すること、最近では排水の浄水処理・下水処理時の塩素処理によっても生じること、肝毒性があり、肝臓癌等を発生させることが知られている。Trp−P1はトリプトファンの熱分解物の一種であり、焼肉や焼き魚の焦げ部分に含まれる肝臓癌を誘発する。MNNGはNDMAと同じくニトロソ化合物の一種であり、胃癌や大腸癌を誘発する発癌物質であると認められている。又、4−NQOは胃癌、大腸癌を誘発し、ラットでは舌癌を発生させることが公知であり、生体内においてアミノ酸の一種であるセリンと結合してセリル−4HAQO(セリル−4−ヒドロキシアミノキノリンN−オキシド)に変化し、これがDNA塩基と反応して微生物の突然変異や動物の癌を発生させるとされている。The mutagenic substance targeted by the mutagenicity inhibitor of the present invention is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of NDMA, Trp-P1, MNNG, and 4-NQO. NDMA is a kind of nitroso compound produced by the reaction of amines contained in meat, seafood, cigarettes and nitrite with nitrite. It is generated as a by-product in the chemical industry, food processing industry, etc. It is known that it is produced by reaction with nitrite nitrogen, recently caused by chlorination at the time of water purification and sewage treatment, hepatotoxicity, and liver cancer. Trp-P1 is a kind of thermal decomposition product of tryptophan, and induces liver cancer contained in burnt portions of grilled meat and grilled fish. Like NDMA, MNNG is a kind of nitroso compound, and is recognized as a carcinogen that induces gastric cancer and colon cancer. In addition, 4-NQO is known to induce gastric cancer and colon cancer and to develop tongue cancer in rats. It binds to serine, which is a kind of amino acid in vivo, and binds to seryl-4HAQO (seryl-4-hydroxyamino). Quinoline N-oxide), which reacts with DNA bases to cause microbial mutations and animal cancers.
本発明の変異原性抑制剤は、多種多様な変異原物質の中でもとりわけ前記変異原物質の変異原性を抑制する効果に優れ、更にはNDMA及びTrp−P1に対して一層顕著な抗変異原性効果を奏する。又、本発明の変異原性抑制剤はこれらの変異原物質が単一である場合のみならず複数存在する場合においても抗変異原性作用を発現する。The mutagenicity inhibitor of the present invention is excellent in the effect of suppressing the mutagenicity of the mutagenic substance among various mutagenic substances, and more prominent antimutagenic to NDMA and Trp-P1. Has a sexual effect. In addition, the mutagenicity inhibitor of the present invention exhibits an antimutagenic action not only when these mutagen substances are single but also when there are a plurality thereof.
本発明に係る変異原性抑制剤は、これ自体を飲食品、医薬品、化粧品、飼料その他産業分野の様々な製品とすることができ、あるいは該製品の配合原料の一部として使用する態様でも利用できる。とりわけ飲食品用途が好適である。これらの例を以下に述べるが、本発明はこの例示によって何ら制限を受けるものではない。The mutagenicity inhibitor according to the present invention can itself be used as various products in food and drink, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, feeds and other industrial fields, or used in a form used as a part of the blended raw material of the product. it can. In particular, food and drink applications are suitable. Although these examples are described below, this invention is not restrict | limited at all by this illustration.
前記飲食品の具体例として、野菜ジュース、果汁飲料、清涼飲料、茶等の飲料類、スープ、ゼリー、プリン、ヨーグルト、ケーキプレミックス製品、菓子類、ふりかけ、味噌、醤油、ソース、ドレッシング、マヨネーズ、植物性クリーム、味噌、焼肉用たれや麺つゆ等の調味料、麺類、うどん、蕎麦、スパゲッティ、ハムやソーセージ等の畜肉魚肉加工食品、ハンバーグ、コロッケ、ふりかけ、佃煮、ジャム、牛乳、クリーム、バター、スプレッドやチーズ等の粉末状、固形状又は液状の乳製品、マーガリン、パン、ケーキ、クッキー、チョコレート、キャンディー、グミ、ガム等の各種一般加工食品や、粉末状、顆粒状、丸剤状、錠剤状、ソフトカプセル状、ハードカプセル状、ペースト状又は液体状の栄養補助食品、特定保健用食品、機能性食品、健康食品、濃厚流動食や嚥下障害用食品の治療食等を挙げることができる。Specific examples of the food and drink include beverages such as vegetable juice, fruit juice beverage, soft drink, tea, soup, jelly, pudding, yogurt, cake premix product, confectionery, sprinkle, miso, soy sauce, sauce, dressing, mayonnaise , Vegetable cream, miso, seasonings such as grilled meat sauce and noodle soup, noodles, udon, soba noodles, spaghetti, ham and sausage and other processed meat and fish meat products, hamburger, croquette, sprinkle, boiled, jam, milk, cream, Various processed foods such as butter, spreads and cheese, powdered, solid or liquid dairy products, margarine, bread, cakes, cookies, chocolate, candy, gummi, gum, etc., powders, granules, pills , Tablets, soft capsules, hard capsules, pasty or liquid dietary supplements, food for specified health use, machine Sex food, mention may be made of health food products, the concentrated liquid diet and dysphagia for food diet and the like.
これらの飲食品を製造するには、公知の原材料及び本発明に係る変異原性抑制剤を用い、あるいは公知の原材料の一部を本発明の変異原性抑制剤で置き換え、公知の方法によって製造すればよい。例えば、本発明に係る変異原性抑制剤と、必要に応じてグルコース(ブドウ糖)、デキストリン、乳糖、澱粉又はその加工物、セルロース粉末等の賦形剤、ビタミン、ミネラル、動植物や魚介類の油脂、たん白(動植物や酵母由来の蛋白質、その加水分解物等)、糖質、色素、香料、酸化防止剤、その他の食用添加物、各種栄養機能成分を含む粉末やエキス類等の食用素材とともに混合して粉末、顆粒、ペレット、錠剤等の形状に加工したり、常法により前記例の一般食品に加工処理したり、これらを混合した液状物をゼラチン、アルギン酸ナトリウム、カルボキシメチルセルロース等で被覆してカプセルを成形したり、飲料(ドリンク類)の形態に加工して、栄養補助食品や健康食品として利用することは好適である。とりわけ錠剤、カプセル剤やドリンク剤が望ましい。In order to produce these foods and drinks, the known raw materials and the mutagenicity inhibitor according to the present invention are used, or a part of the known raw materials is replaced with the mutagenicity inhibitor of the present invention, and the food and drink are produced by a known method. do it. For example, the mutagenicity inhibitor according to the present invention and, if necessary, excipients such as glucose (dextrose), dextrin, lactose, starch or processed product thereof, cellulose powder, vitamins, minerals, fats and oils of animals, plants and seafood Along with edible materials such as proteins (proteins derived from plants and animals, hydrolysates thereof), carbohydrates, pigments, fragrances, antioxidants, other edible additives, powders and extracts containing various nutritional functional ingredients Processed into powders, granules, pellets, tablets, etc. by mixing, processed into general foods in the above examples by conventional methods, and mixed liquids with gelatin, sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, etc. It is preferable to form capsules or process them into beverages (drinks) and use them as nutritional supplements or health foods. In particular, tablets, capsules and drinks are desirable.
本発明に係る変異原性抑制剤を飲食品に配合する場合の比率は、飲食品の形態、本発明に係る変異原性抑制剤中のアガリクス茸抽出物や併用する特定植物の種類、品質、性状、成分等の相違によるため一律には規定しがたいが、飲食品中のアガリクス茸抽出物含量が約0.01重量%〜約90重量%、より望ましくは約1重量%〜約50重量%となるようにし、前記特定植物や他の原材料を適宜に併用して処方を設計し、常法に従い本発明が目的とする飲食品を調製すればよい。アガリクス茸抽出物の含量が0.01重量%を下回るような飲食品ではアガリクス茸抽出物による所望効果を期待するためには多量の当該飲食品を摂取しなければならず、又、アガリクス茸抽出物の特有の風味を考慮した飲食品の実用的な態様から、本発明に係る飲食品中の最多アガリクス茸抽出物含量は約90重量%である。本発明に係る飲食品は、ヒトの場合1日あたりのアガリクス茸抽出物摂取量の目安を約10mg〜約1000mg、望ましくは約30mg〜約500mg、さらに望ましくは約50mg〜約200mgとして、例えば、経口摂取、経管投与等の方法で体内に取り込むことができる。The ratio in the case where the mutagenic inhibitor according to the present invention is mixed with food and drink is the form of the food and drink, the type of Agaricus koji extract in the mutagenic inhibitor according to the present invention and the specific plant used in combination, quality, Although it is difficult to define uniformly due to differences in properties, ingredients, etc., the agaricus koji extract content in food and drink is about 0.01 wt% to about 90 wt%, more preferably about 1 wt% to about 50 wt% %, And the above-mentioned specific plant and other raw materials may be used in combination as appropriate to design the formulation, and the food or drink intended by the present invention may be prepared according to a conventional method. For foods and drinks with agaricum koji extract content of less than 0.01% by weight, in order to expect the desired effect of agaricus koji extract, a large amount of the food or drink must be consumed. From the practical aspect of foods and drinks considering the peculiar flavor of the food, the most agaricum koji extract content in the foods and drinks according to the present invention is about 90% by weight. The food / beverage product according to the present invention has a daily intake of agaricus koji extract of about 10 mg to about 1000 mg, desirably about 30 mg to about 500 mg, more desirably about 50 mg to about 200 mg, for humans, for example, It can be taken into the body by methods such as oral intake and tube administration.
本発明に係る変異原性抑制剤及び飲食品は、本発明の目的に沿って、日常の食生活において継続的に摂取することが望ましく、このような態様によって本発明の所望効果、とりわけ日常生活の中で体内に取り込まれる変異原物質の変異原性を低減ないし抑制し、該変異原物質による発癌を予防することが可能となる。この観点から、本発明においては、本発明の変異原性抑制剤やこれと併用する前記特定植物・成分を必ずしも同一組成物中に含有せしめる制限はなく、これらを別々に含む複数の組成物あるいは飲食品として調製し、該組成物あるいは飲食品をほぼ同時に経口摂取することは本発明の技術的範囲に属する。The mutagenicity inhibitor and food and drink according to the present invention are desirably ingested continuously in daily eating habits in accordance with the object of the present invention, and the desired effect of the present invention, particularly daily life, can be obtained in this manner. It is possible to reduce or suppress the mutagenicity of the mutagen incorporated into the body and prevent carcinogenesis due to the mutagen. From this point of view, in the present invention, the mutagenicity inhibitor of the present invention and the specific plant / component used in combination therewith are not necessarily limited to be contained in the same composition, and a plurality of compositions separately containing these or It is within the technical scope of the present invention to prepare as a food or drink and to ingest the composition or the food or drink almost simultaneously.
本発明の変異原性抑制剤を配合した医薬品も可能である。前記のアガリクス茸抽出物に、本発明の趣旨に反しない公知の賦形剤や添加剤を必要に応じて加え、常法により加工して錠剤、丸剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤、注射剤等の製剤となし、経口投与、経管投与あるいは皮内投与する。変異原物質の変異原性の低減、染色体や遺伝子の損傷防止、変異原性と関連する癌、その他の疾患の予防等のために適用する。本発明に係るアガリクス茸抽出物の配合量は製剤の種類、形態、用法、用量等により一律に規定し難いが、概ね0.01〜50重量%である。経口投与する場合の摂取量は、有効成分として前記アガリクス茸抽出物を、成人1日あたり0.01〜10g、より好ましくは0.1〜5gである。該範囲より少ないと所望効果を奏することが難しく、多すぎても更なる効果を期待できない。A drug containing the mutagenicity inhibitor of the present invention is also possible. To the above Agaricus koji extract, known excipients and additives that do not contradict the spirit of the present invention are added as necessary, and processed by conventional methods to produce tablets, pills, capsules, granules, powders, injections Dosage preparation, etc., oral administration, tube administration or intradermal administration. It is applied to reduce mutagenicity of mutagens, prevent damage to chromosomes and genes, prevent cancers related to mutagenicity, and other diseases. The compounding amount of the Agaricus koji extract according to the present invention is generally 0.01 to 50% by weight, although it is difficult to uniformly define the formulation depending on the type, form, usage, dosage, etc. The amount of intake in the case of oral administration is 0.01 to 10 g, more preferably 0.1 to 5 g, per day for an adult, using the Agaricus koji extract as an active ingredient. If it is less than this range, it is difficult to achieve the desired effect, and if it is too much, no further effect can be expected.
次に、実施例を挙げて本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれによって限定されるものではない。各例において、%、部及び比率はいずれも重量基準である。Next, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated in detail, this invention is not limited by this. In each example, all the percentages, parts and ratios are based on weight.
製造例1
アガリクス ブラゼイ ムリルの乾燥子実体を約0.7cm角サイズに粗砕したもの300gをステンレス製耐圧釜に仕込み、水(pH8)3Lを添加し、常圧下、90℃で3時間抽出処理した後、減圧濾過して残渣を分離し第1抽出液を採取した。次いで、前記残渣に水(pH8)2.5Lを加えて同様に処理して第2抽出液を採取した。両抽出液を合わせて減圧濃縮及び凍結乾燥処理し、本発明に係るアガリクス茸抽出物(試料1)40.5gを得た。試料1は遊離脂肪酸、グリセリド、レシチン等の脂質類を全く含まないものであった。Production Example 1
300g of Agaricus blazei murryl dried fruiting body roughly crushed to about 0.7cm square size was placed in a stainless steel pressure vessel, 3L of water (pH 8) was added, and extracted at 90 ° C for 3 hours under normal pressure. The residue was separated by filtration under reduced pressure, and the first extract was collected. Next, 2.5 L of water (pH 8) was added to the residue and treated in the same manner to collect a second extract. The two extracts were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure and freeze-dried to obtain 40.5 g of Agaricus koji extract (sample 1) according to the present invention. Sample 1 was free of lipids such as free fatty acids, glycerides and lecithin.
製造例2
製造例1において、常圧下を1.3気圧の加圧下に置き換えて同様に処理して本発明に係るアガリクス茸抽出物(試料2)88.0gを得た。試料2も脂質類を全く含まない。Production Example 2
In Production Example 1, normal pressure was replaced with 1.3 atm, and the same treatment was performed to obtain 88.0 g of Agaricus koji extract (sample 2) according to the present invention. Sample 2 also contains no lipids.
製造例3
製造例2で得た試料2の一部50gにエタノール濃度が70%の含水エタノール400mLを加え、常圧下で一旦溶解後30℃にて1時間静置し、生じた沈殿物を遠心分離して除き、含水エタノール可溶分を採取し、減圧濃縮及び乾燥処理して本発明に係るアガリクス抽出物(試料3)17.4gを得た。Production Example 3
400 mL of hydrous ethanol having an ethanol concentration of 70% was added to 50 g of a part of Sample 2 obtained in Production Example 2, and once dissolved under normal pressure, left to stand at 30 ° C. for 1 hour, and the resulting precipitate was centrifuged. The water-soluble ethanol-soluble component was collected, concentrated under reduced pressure, and dried to obtain 17.4 g of an Agaricus extract (sample 3) according to the present invention.
製造例4
ケールの葉部の乾燥物を粉砕機で粗砕したもの(約0.5cm以下のサイズ)100gにイオン交換水3Lを加え、常圧下、80〜90℃で2時間抽出処理し、残渣除去、濃縮及び乾燥処理してケール抽出物(試料4)28.5gを得た。Production Example 4
3 g of ion-exchanged water is added to 100 g of a dried product of the leaf portion of kale (size of about 0.5 cm or less) crushed with a pulverizer, followed by extraction treatment at 80 to 90 ° C. for 2 hours under normal pressure to remove residues. Concentration and drying treatment gave 28.5 g of kale extract (sample 4).
製造例5
ブロッコリーの発芽体をミキサー処理して搾汁液1Lを調製し、これにエタノール濃度が40%の含水エタノール3Lを加え、60℃で1時間抽出処理し、以後、製造例4と同様に処理してブロッコリー抽出物(試料5)35.0gを得た。Production Example 5
Broccoli germination is mixed to prepare 1 L of juice, and 3 L of hydrous ethanol with an ethanol concentration of 40% is added thereto, followed by extraction at 60 ° C. for 1 hour. 35.0 g of broccoli extract (sample 5) was obtained.
製造例6
製造例5において、ダイコンの根部分を用い、40%含水エタノールを70%含水エタノールに置き換えること以外は同様に処理してダイコン抽出物(試料6)20.4gを得た。Production Example 6
In Production Example 5, a radish extract (sample 6) 20.4 g was obtained in the same manner except that the root part of radish was used and 40% aqueous ethanol was replaced with 70% aqueous ethanol.
比較製造例1
アガリクス ブラゼイ ムリルの乾燥子実体を約0.7cm角サイズに粗砕したもの300gをステンレス製耐圧釜に仕込み、ヘキサン3Lを添加し、常温常圧下で1時間抽出処理後、減圧濾過して抽出液と残渣に分離した。抽出液を脱溶媒及び乾燥処理してヘキサン抽出物(比較試料1)を得た。この抽出物の成分は遊離脂肪酸、エルゴステロール等の遊離ステロール及びその配糖体、リン脂質、セラミド等の脂質類がほとんどを占め、遊離脂肪酸はリノール酸が主成分であった。Comparative production example 1
300g of Agaricus blazei murryl dried fruiting body roughly crushed to 0.7cm square size is placed in a stainless steel pressure vessel, 3L of hexane is added, extracted for 1 hour at room temperature and normal pressure, filtered under reduced pressure, and extracted liquid And separated into residues. The extract was desolvated and dried to obtain a hexane extract (Comparative Sample 1). The components of this extract were mostly free fatty acids, free sterols such as ergosterol, and their glycosides, phospholipids, ceramides and other lipids, and free fatty acids were mainly composed of linoleic acid.
試験例
上記の各製造例で調製した試料の変異原性抑制作用を、復帰突然変異試験法(エイムズ法)を利用して試験評価した。すなわち、前記の各試料を0.1モルリン酸緩衝液(pH7.4)に溶解し、その最終濃度が2.5及び10mg/mLとなるように各溶液を調製し、各0.1mLを試験管に分注した。次いで、これに前記緩衝液又はS9mixを0.5mL、変異原物質をジメチルスルホン酸アミドに溶解した溶液を0.05mL、及びサルモネラ ティフィムリウム(Salmonella typhimurium)TA−100株培養液を0.1mLそれぞれ添加して混合溶液を調製した。ここで、変異原物質はNDMA、MNNG、4−NQO及びTrp−P1を用い、その濃度(単位:nmol/plate)を200,000、5、0.4及び20として試験した。前記混合溶液を37℃にて20分間振とう後、軟寒天液2mLを加え、エイムズ・プレート(1LあたりD−グルコース:20g、寒天:15g、Vogel−Bonner培地:100mL、ヒスチジン:0.62mg及びビオチン:0.98mgを含む)にまき、37℃で48時間インキュベートし、該プレート上に出現した復帰突然変異コロニー数を計測した。試験試料による変異原物質の変異原性抑制率(%)は{1−(変異原物質及び試料添加時の変異数−自然発生変異数)/(変異原物質添加時の変異数−自然発生変異数}×100の計算式から求めた。ここで、自然発生変異数とは試料のみ添加時に発生する変異コロニー数である。この結果を表1に示す。Test Example The mutagenicity-inhibiting action of the samples prepared in the above production examples was tested and evaluated using the reverse mutation test method (Ames method). That is, each sample was dissolved in 0.1 molar phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), and each solution was prepared so that the final concentrations were 2.5 and 10 mg / mL, and each 0.1 mL was tested. Dispense into tubes. Next, 0.5 mL of the buffer solution or S9mix, 0.05 mL of a solution of the mutagen dissolved in dimethylsulfonic acid amide, and 0.1 mL of Salmonella typhimurium TA-100 culture solution are added thereto. Each was added to prepare a mixed solution. Here, NDMA, MNNG, 4-NQO and Trp-P1 were used as mutagens, and the concentrations (unit: nmol / plate) were tested at 200,000, 5, 0.4 and 20. After shaking the mixed solution at 37 ° C. for 20 minutes, 2 mL of soft agar solution was added, and Ames plate (D-glucose: 20 g per liter: agar: 15 g, Vogel-Bonner medium: 100 mL, histidine: 0.62 mg and Biotin (containing 0.98 mg) and incubated at 37 ° C. for 48 hours, and the number of revertant colonies that appeared on the plate was counted. The mutagenicity inhibition rate (%) of the mutagen by the test sample is {1- (number of mutations when adding mutagen and sample-number of spontaneous mutations) / (number of mutations when adding mutagen-spontaneous mutation) The number of naturally occurring mutations is the number of mutant colonies generated when only the sample is added, and the results are shown in Table 1.
NDMAに対して、アガリクス茸抽出物(試料1〜試料3)は変異原性を抑制する作用を有することが認められた。特に、アガリクス茸の熱水抽出物の70%エタノール可溶画分(試料3)は顕著な抑制効果を奏した。しかし、アガリクス茸のヘキサン抽出物(比較試料1)の抑制効果は弱かった。又、ケール葉抽出物(試料4)、ブロッコリー発芽体抽出物(試料5)及びダイコン根抽出物(試料6)の変異原性抑制率は、それぞれ単独の場合はアガリクス茸抽出物と比べて小さいが、これらをアガリクス茸抽出物と併用した場合には相乗的に強い抑制効果を発現した。この併用効果は、アガリクス茸の熱水抽出物の70%エタノール可溶画分とブロッコリー発芽体の抽出物との組み合わせのときに著しく、又、該組み合わせにおいてアガリクス茸抽出物を主たる有効成分とすることによって本発明の所望の効果が強く発揮されることを確認した。It was confirmed that Agaricus koji extract (Sample 1 to Sample 3) has an effect of suppressing mutagenicity against NDMA. In particular, the 70% ethanol-soluble fraction (sample 3) of the hot water extract of Agaricus koji exhibited a remarkable inhibitory effect. However, the inhibitory effect of Agaricus koji hexane extract (Comparative Sample 1) was weak. Moreover, the mutagenicity suppression rate of a kale leaf extract (sample 4), a broccoli sprout extract (sample 5), and a radish root extract (sample 6) is small compared to an agaricus koji extract, respectively. However, when these were used in combination with Agaricus koji extract, a strong inhibitory effect was expressed synergistically. This combined effect is remarkable when the 70% ethanol soluble fraction of the hot water extract of Agaricus koji and the broccoli germinated extract are combined, and the Agaricus koji extract is the main active ingredient in the combination. It was confirmed that the desired effect of the present invention was exerted strongly.
その他の変異原物質の変異原性に対しても、NDMAの場合と同様に、アガリクス茸の熱水抽出物の70%エタノール可溶画分をはじめとする本発明に係るアガリクス茸抽出物が抑制し、とりわけこれをケール葉抽出物、ブロッコリー発芽体抽出物又はダイコン根抽出物と併用すれば一層強く抑制することが確認された。これらの効果はTrp−P1に対して格別顕著であり、MNNGに対して同等レベルであり、4−NQOにも有効であった。尚、同時実施した前記以外の変異原物質(N−メチル−N−ニトロソウレア、2−(2−フリル)−3−(5−ニトロ−2−フリル)アクリルアミド、メチルメタンスルホネート)に対する試験では、本発明に係るアガリクス茸抽出物には所望効果が認められなかった。As in the case of NDMA, the agaricus koji extract according to the present invention, including the 70% ethanol-soluble fraction of agaricus koji hot water extract, is also suppressed in the mutagenicity of other mutagens. In particular, it was confirmed that when this was used in combination with kale leaf extract, broccoli sprout extract or radish root extract, it was further strongly suppressed. These effects were particularly remarkable for Trp-P1, comparable to MNNG, and effective for 4-NQO. In the test for mutagen other than the above (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, 2- (2-furyl) -3- (5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylamide, methyl methanesulfonate) conducted simultaneously, The desired effect was not recognized in the Agaricus koji extract according to the present invention.
試作例1:食品、医薬品
製造例3に記載の方法で調製したアガリクス茸の熱水抽出物の含水エタノール可溶画分(試料3):170部、ミツロウ:30部及びコーン油;50部を約50℃に加熱混合して均質にした後、カプセル充填機に供して、常法により1粒あたり内容量が300mgのゼラチン被覆ソフトカプセル製剤を試作した。このカプセル製剤は経口摂取できる栄養補助食品又は医薬品として利用できる。Prototype Example 1: Water-soluble ethanol-soluble fraction of the hot water extract of Agaricus koji prepared by the method described in Food and Pharmaceutical Production Example 3 (Sample 3): 170 parts, beeswax: 30 parts and corn oil; 50 parts After heating and mixing to about 50 ° C. to homogenize, the mixture was used in a capsule filling machine, and a gelatin-coated soft capsule preparation having an inner volume of 300 mg per grain was produced by a conventional method. This capsule preparation can be used as a dietary supplement or medicine that can be taken orally.
試作例2:食品
試作例1において、試料3:170部を試料3:100部及び製造例5の方法で調製したブロッコリー発芽物の含水エタノール抽出物(試料5):70部の混合物に置きかえて同様に処理して栄養補助食品を試作した。Prototype Example 2: In Food Prototype Example 1, replace 170 parts of sample 3: 170 parts of sample and hydrous ethanol extract of broccoli germinated product prepared by the method of Preparation Example 5 (sample 5): 70 parts of mixture. A dietary supplement was made in the same manner.
試作例3:食品
試作例1において、試料3:170部を製造例2の方法で調製したアガリクス茸の加圧熱水抽出物(試料2):85部及び製造例4の方法で調製したケール葉の熱水抽出物(試料4):85部の混合物に置きかえて同様に処理して栄養補助食品を試作した。Prototype Example 3: Food Prototype Example 1, Sample 3: 170 parts of Agaricus koji pressure hot water extract prepared by the method of Production Example 2 (Sample 2): 85 parts and Kale prepared by the method of Production Example 4 Leaf hot water extract (sample 4): A trial was made in the same manner by replacing the mixture with 85 parts of the mixture, and making a dietary supplement.
試作例4:食品、医薬品
試料3:100部、試料5:30部、製造例6の方法で調製したダイコン根の含水エタノール抽出物(試料6):30部、化工デンプン(松谷化学工業(株)製、商品名:「パインフロー」):70部、リン酸三カルシウム(米山化学工業(株)製):85部、及びセルロース35部を混合機に仕込み、10分間攪拌混合した。この混合物を直打式打錠機に供して直径7mm、高さ4mm、重量150mg/個の素錠を作成し、ついでコーティング機でシェラック被膜を形成させて錠剤形状の経口摂取用組成物を試作した。Prototype Example 4: Food, Pharmaceutical Sample 3: 100 parts, Sample 5:30 parts, Daikon root hydrous ethanol extract prepared by the method of Production Example 6 (Sample 6): 30 parts, modified starch (Matsutani Chemical Co., Ltd.) ), Trade name: “Pine Flow”): 70 parts, tricalcium phosphate (manufactured by Yoneyama Chemical Co., Ltd.): 85 parts, and 35 parts of cellulose were charged into a mixer and mixed with stirring for 10 minutes. This mixture is subjected to a direct compression tablet machine to produce uncoated tablets with a diameter of 7 mm, a height of 4 mm, and a weight of 150 mg / piece, and then a shellac film is formed by the coating machine to produce a tablet-shaped composition for oral consumption. did.
試作例5:飲料
市販のグレープジュース1000部に試料3:10部、試料5:5部を加えて十分に混合し均質なグレープ風味飲料を試作した。これは冷蔵庫で1週間保存しても外観及び風味に異状及び違和感は認められなかった。Prototype Example 5: A sample of 10 parts of a commercially available grape juice and 3: 5 parts of a sample and 5 parts of a sample 5 were added and mixed well to produce a homogeneous grape flavored drink. Even if this was stored for 1 week in the refrigerator, no abnormality or discomfort was observed in the appearance and flavor.
本発明に係るアガリクス茸抽出物、これとケール、ブロッコリー、ダイコン等の植物との組み合わせは、NDMAやTrp−P1等の特定の変異原物質の変異原性を顕著に抑制する。このため、これらを有効成分としてなる変異原性抑制剤は、これを経口摂取等することにより、該変異原物質の変異原性によってひき起こされる染色体異常、DNA損傷等の抑制ないし防止にとって有用であり、これらの異常や損傷により誘発される奇形、癌等の疾病の発生を予防するための飲食品、医薬品、飼料等に有効利用できる。The agaricus koji extract according to the present invention and a combination thereof with plants such as kale, broccoli, and radish significantly suppress the mutagenicity of specific mutagens such as NDMA and Trp-P1. Therefore, mutagenic inhibitors comprising these as active ingredients are useful for suppressing or preventing chromosomal abnormalities, DNA damage, etc. caused by the mutagenicity of the mutagen by ingesting them. Yes, it can be effectively used for foods and drinks, medicines, feeds, etc. for preventing the occurrence of diseases such as malformations and cancers induced by these abnormalities and damages.
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