JP2007325460A - Control system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a control system that is superior in the uniformity of load accumulated in an engine, when a plurality of cogeneration systems are linked and operated in parallel via inverters or the systems are not linked during blackout, and facilitating optimal operation plan that includes an engine maintenance plan. <P>SOLUTION: As shown in Fig. 2, the control system 1 is provided with a load information accepting means M2 for accepting load information for expressing a power load for a first duration by a second duration unit that is shorter than the first duration; a means M3 for determining the number of machines demanded; a priority-determining means M4; an operation unit determining means M5, and a unit operation information collecting means M1 for collecting the unit operation information value, obtained based on an accumulated operation time of the engine in each power generation engine unit and the quantity of accumulated power as an accumulated value of the quantity of load power in the inverter. The priority-determining means M4 determines the priority of the unit to be operated preferentially, based on the unit operation information value i3(m0) of each power generation engine unit, collected by the unit operation information collecting means M1. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention comprises, in parallel, a plurality of power generation engine units including a power generation engine that outputs shaft output to a power generator, and an inverter that converts the power output of the power generator and can be connected to a power system. The present invention relates to a control system that controls operation of some or all of a plurality of power generation engine units.

  Conventionally, in the control of relatively large-scale systems such as cogeneration systems, gas turbine power generation devices, fuel cells, solar cells, boilers, etc. Based on the prediction calculation, it has been possible to derive an optimal plan based on multiple constraints such as operating cost minimum, efficiency improvement, and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, which energy supply equipment to operate. .

  However, in such a complex system, it is difficult to control in real time, and the operator operates each device according to the optimal operation plan and actual load demand, or based on the demand forecast in advance by the control device. It has been practiced to perform operation control with a control device or software based on a newly planned and a re-plan by reviewing every real time (Patent Document 1).

  According to Patent Document 2, in the operation of a plurality of cogeneration units composed of an engine and a generator, each cogeneration system takes into account the operation state of the common auxiliary machine, and how many cogeneration systems with respect to the predicted load. By calculating the combination of cogeneration systems that start and stop at the same time and preferentially operating those with less operating time, the engine operating time is leveled and the service life is extended. A control scheme has been proposed.

JP 2002-84660 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-21624

  However, in the conventional hybrid energy system optimal control / operation plan derivation method as described above, there are various types of energy sources, and the basic purpose of optimization is to reduce costs and improve efficiency. In the case of a relatively simple example in which the same kind of cogeneration system is operated in parallel and connected to the grid in spite of using advanced optimization algorithms and load prediction algorithms, There is a problem that the load of the engine is uneven and the maintenance time and life varies.

Problems of the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1 The composite system described in this document aims to improve the efficiency of the entire system and minimize the operating cost in order to optimize the entire energy system. However, it is not taken into account that an optimum operation plan is made with constraints that consider the operation time and maintenance of individual engines. In addition, it cannot be said that much consideration is given to maintenance other than large-scale inspection stoppages. Therefore, in an example in which the same kind of cogeneration system is operated in a grid-connected manner in parallel, there is a problem that the load of the engine is biased and the maintenance time and the life are varied.

The problem of the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2 In this technique, the number of operating units corresponding to the load is determined, and the system that performs the actual operation is identified by the priority given according to the operating time. However, it is difficult to equalize the operation time accurately with only binary priorities, including unexpected failures and human outages, and there will always be some difference in operation time. come. In addition, the life of the engine depends not only on the operation time but also on the load such as the shaft output, but it goes without saying that the weight is different from the operation time.

  In the technology disclosed in Patent Document 2, life evaluation is not performed in consideration of weighting such items related to engine life, and a long-term operation plan including a predetermined maintenance interval is not derived. There's a problem.

  It is known that making an appropriate operation plan and carrying out maintenance at once or performing it one at a time is a significant reduction in maintenance costs and is effective in making the life even. Even if only the operation time is made uniform by this method, it is difficult to make an optimal operation plan including maintenance from a slightly long-term viewpoint.

  The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above, and an object of the present invention is to accumulate an engine during parallel system interconnection operation of a cogeneration system including an engine via an inverter and when the system is not connected. It is an object to provide a control system that is excellent in the uniformity of the burden and can easily perform an optimal operation plan including an engine maintenance plan.

To achieve the above object, a plurality of power generation engine units each including a power generation engine that outputs a shaft output to a power generator and an inverter that converts the power output of the power generator and can output the power to a power system in parallel. The first characteristic configuration of the control system for controlling the operation of some or all of the plurality of power generation engine units is
Load information receiving means for receiving load information representing a power load for each first period in units of a second period shorter than the first period;
From the load information, demand operation number determination means for determining the demand operation number of power generation engine units satisfying the power load for each second period in the first period,
Priority order determining means for determining the order of units to be operated with priority among the plurality of power generation engine units;
Operating unit determining means for determining a power generation engine unit to be operated based on the order determined by the priority determining means and the demand operating number determined by the demand operating number determining means, and the operating unit determining means In the configuration for controlling the operation of the engine unit for power generation determined by
Unit operation information collecting means for collecting unit operation information values determined based on the accumulated power amount that is the accumulated value of the engine accumulated operation time and the inverter load power amount for each power generation engine unit;
The priority order determining means determines the order of units to be preferentially operated based on the unit operation information values collected for each power generation engine unit by the unit operation information collecting means.
In this control system, since priority is determined based on the unit operation information value obtained based on the accumulated operation time and the accumulated electric energy of the engine, an appropriate operation plan that also considers the accumulated electric energy can be obtained.

  That is, when the load information (load curve) of power is estimated and predicted based on the season and past results, the number of units to be operated in the second period unit can be determined. In addition, since the operating time, inverter power amount (inverter load amount), etc. are known, paying attention to the accumulated value, the unit operation information value is small and the number of units to be operated is changed. If assigned, the engine load is prevented from being biased, and it becomes possible to drive in a direction to equalize.

  In the case of adopting this configuration, if the power generation engine unit is composed of an engine, a generator, a rectifier circuit, and an inverter, a plurality of systems in a relatively simple medium and small capacity gas engine cogeneration system, etc. It is possible to provide a control system that makes it easy to create an operation and maintenance plan without causing an uneven engine load even when a large number of operations are performed in parallel.

Now, in the control system having the first characteristic configuration, the unit operation information value of each power generation engine unit, and the unit operation information value which is the maximum or minimum among the unit operation information values of a plurality of power generation engine units, The operation norm deriving means for obtaining the operation norm, which is the difference between the two, is determined for each power generation engine unit,
The priority order determining means determines the order based on the driving quota derived by the driving quota deriving means,
The load information receiving means is configured to be able to receive the load information for each series of first periods,
The demand operation number determination means determines the demand operation number in the first period from the load information in the first period, and determines the priority order based on the unit operation information value of each power generation engine unit in the first period. The means determines the rank, and includes the operation norm change deriving means for calculating the change of the operation norm of each power generation engine unit when executing the operation plan obtained by executing the processing of the operation unit determining means. ,
It is preferable to include an operation plan determination unit that determines an operation plan in which a change in the operation norm calculated by the operation norm change deriving unit tends to decrease as an appropriate operation plan. This is the second characteristic configuration.
In this control system, an appropriate operation plan based on the unit operation information value can be obtained for each first period while determining the operation plan based on the operation norm for the series of first periods.

In order to achieve the above object, a power generation engine unit further comprising: a power generation engine that outputs a shaft output to a power generator; and an inverter that converts the output of the power generator and can output the power to a power system. A third characteristic configuration of a control system that controls a part or all of the plurality of power generation engine units,
Load information receiving means for receiving load information representing a power load for each first period in units of a second period shorter than the first period;
From the load information, demand operation number determination means for determining the demand operation number of power generation engine units satisfying the power load for each second period in the first period,
Priority order determining means for determining the order of units to be operated with priority among the plurality of power generation engine units;
Based on the order determined by the priority order determination means and the demand operation number determined by the demand operation number determination means, the operation unit determination means for determining the power generation engine unit to be operated, the control device, In the configuration for controlling the operation of the power generation engine unit determined by the operation unit determination means,
Unit operation information collecting means for collecting unit operation information values determined based on the accumulated operation time of each engine unit and the accumulated electric energy that is the accumulated value of the inverter load electric energy,
An operation quota that is the difference between the unit operation information value of each power generation engine unit and the unit operation information value that is the maximum or the minimum among the unit operation information values of a plurality of power generation engine units is represented by each power generation engine unit. It has an operation quota deriving means to find every time,
The priority determining means includes priority order generating means for randomly generating a rank;
The demand operation number determination means determines the demand operation number in a specific first period from the load information, and the operation unit is based on the demand operation number in the first period and the order generated by the priority generation means. The priority determining means comprises operating norm change deriving means for determining a power generating engine unit to be operated by the determining means and calculating a change in the operating normal of each power generating engine unit when the obtained operation plan is executed. Is an output target, and an operation plan is obtained based on the ranking.

  In this control system, it is determined whether or not the driving norm is reduced with respect to the order arbitrarily generated by the priority order generation means, and the priority order determination means outputs an output that matches the determination. By extracting suitable candidates from many rank candidates and determining the rank, a flexible operation plan can be performed.

  And, by applying a genetic algorithm to so-called optimization operations, it becomes possible to perform high-speed operations that do not converge to local solutions for optimization, which was a disadvantage of conventional linear programming and search methods, Even if a failure is stopped or a manual stop is performed for any purpose, it is possible to immediately execute accurate operation control and to derive an operation plan.

In said 1st-3rd characteristic structure,
If the unit operation information value is determined based on the addition value information obtained by weighted addition of the accumulated operation time and the accumulated electric energy, control in consideration of the weighting of both can be performed.

Further, when the unit operation information value is obtained based on either one or both of the engine speed for each power generation engine unit and the number of start / stop times of the engine, Either the number of rotations or the number of start / stop times can be controlled based on both.
Rather than considering only the cumulative operating time and cumulative power consumption, the parameters related to engine life and maintenance are considered to be related to the engine speed and the number of start / stop times. Add. In general, it seems that engine maintenance is determined by the operating time, but according to this, the load on the engine is actually biased if the maintenance is performed only by the operating time. Therefore, maintenance that is adapted to the actual load of the engine can be performed systematically.

In the configuration described above,
The load information receiving unit generates a load matrix having the load information as an element of a power load in a second period unit,
The operating unit determining means is configured to associate either one of the row and the column with each second period, and associate the other with each power generation engine unit, and sets the element in the operating state to 1 and the non-operating state. It is preferable to generate an operation matrix in which a certain element is represented by 0 using at least the load matrix as a constraint condition.
In this control system, the operation matrix is adopted, and the operation state can be expressed and optimization can be performed quickly by simple matrix calculation.

Furthermore, in the calculation form using an operation matrix and a load matrix,
The priority order determining means generates a priority matrix having the operation priority of each power generation engine unit as an element for a plurality of power generation engine units,
It is preferable that the operation unit determination unit determines the operation matrix using the load matrix and the priority matrix as a constraint condition.
In the control system having the first, second, and third feature configurations, the matrix state can be used to express the operating state by a simple matrix calculation, and the optimization can be performed quickly.

On the other hand, the unit operation information value of each power generation engine unit and the difference between the unit operation information value that is the maximum or the minimum among the unit operation information values of the plurality of power generation engine units,
It is preferable that the priority order determining means determines a priority matrix according to an operation quota of each power generation engine unit.
In this control system, the order can be determined while following changes in the driving quota.

  If each matrix is used in this way, it is more expansive than an algorithm that simply assigns units to the number of units to be operated, and it is optimal by fixing the element values of the units to be maintained or generating the matrix itself. It is possible to assemble an algorithm that easily obtains the operation state, and to realize an expansive parallel operation control system.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a control system 1 according to the present application will be described with reference to the drawings. The configuration on the device side controlled by the control system 1 will be described first, and then the configuration on the control device 2 side provided in the control system 1 will be described in this order. The control device 2 includes an operation control unit 2a for specifically controlling the operation of the device provided in the system 1, and includes an operation plan unit 2b for the operation plan of the device. The operation plan unit 2b is a functional part that generates an operation plan S that satisfies the daily load information i2 based on the input daily load information (an example of load information) i2. The control device 2 includes functional parts stored so that software constructed to execute a predetermined process cooperates with hardware, and these functional parts will be described as “means” below. .

Configuration on the device side The device side to be controlled includes a plurality of engines 3 that are cogeneration facilities, generates electric power from the shaft output obtained from the engine 3, and uses exhaust heat generated by the engine 3.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a power generation engine unit including a power generation engine 3 that outputs a shaft output to a power generator 4 and an inverter 5 that converts the output of the power generator 4 and outputs the power to a power system. A plurality of U's are provided in parallel, and a control device 2 that controls operation of some or all of the plurality of power generation engine units U is provided.

In the example shown in the figure, four power generation engine units U are provided, and the power obtained from the four power generation engine units U can be introduced to the power demand side via the disconnection / input device 6a. It is configured. On the other hand, this system can also receive power from an external power system 7 via a disconnection / input device 6b provided separately.
Further, in order to enable the connection with the external power system 7 or the blackout start, the synchronous oscillator 8 is used to transmit a synchronization signal to the external power system 7 and the inverter 5 provided in each power generation engine unit U. And an independent oscillator 9 are provided.

Initial start-up The synchronous signal for the inverter 5 to perform a linked operation is switched between an oscillator 9 that oscillates alone and a synchronous oscillator 8 that takes a signal from an external power system 7 and generates a reference signal synchronized with the signal. The switch s1 is connected to the common side of the changeover switch s2 for distribution to the inverter 5 of the unit U. The signal switched by the selector switch s2 is connected to the synchronization signal input of each inverter 5.

  When power is supplied to the internal power system from a state in which all the units U are stopped in a so-called blackout state in which the disconnection / input device 6b is disconnected from the external power system 7, the system 7 is restored. However, if it is not necessary to operate the disconnection / insertion device 6b and perform the synchronous operation, the inverter 5 of the unit U is operated by the signal of the oscillator 9 to take a load. Next, the other inverters 5 are started according to the synchronous operation control circuit with the output side signal originally possessed by each device, that is, the other inverters 5 are activated in synchronism with the inverter 5 operated first, and gradually. Increase the load current. In this way, a blackout start is possible.

  When changing the unit U at the time of start-up in order to make the operation time of the unit U uniform, the inverter 5 of the unit U to be started first is cyclically switched by the changeover switch s2, and as described above, The inverter 5 to be started can enter parallel operation in synchronization with the signal on the output side.

  On the other hand, when the disconnection / insertion device 6b is turned on later and the operation linked to the external power system 7 is performed, all the units U are stopped once and the disconnection / insertion device 6b is turned on. However, in that case, the unit U cannot be started unless the load is stopped or the load less than the external contract power is started, and the continuity of the load is interrupted. Operation becomes complicated. In addition, there is a case where a penalty is imposed if the contract power is exceeded from the state where all the loads are purchased and supplied from an external power system by inserting the disconnection / insertion device 6b. In such a case, the changeover switch s1 is selected to the synchronous oscillator 8 that generates a synchronization signal from the external power system 7, and the units are sequentially connected in a state where the disconnection / insertion device 6b is disconnected as described above. Drive U. At the output of the inverter 5 of the unit U, the frequency is synchronized with the external power grid 7, and the voltage is controlled to be the same voltage as the grid voltage of the power company. However, as long as the load supplied from the unit U is within the power range, the operation can be shifted to the grid connection operation without any problem.

  At this time, the current control of the inverter 5 supplies the output current to the load according to the target value, so that basically no current flows from an external power company or the like. Thereafter, when a power load exceeding the supply capacity of the unit U is connected, power is supplied from the external power system 7 and current flows.

  In such an interconnection via the inverter 5, the engine load parameters can be adjusted not only in the conventional operation / stop but also in analog by controlling the inverter output. It can be made uniform.

  Further, in parallel operation in which a so-called blackout start is performed without connecting to the external power system 7, a signal serving as a reference for the oscillation frequency for synchronizing the inverter 5 is switched between the synchronous oscillator 8 and the external power system 7. The switching frequency signal is used as a synchronous input of the inverter 5 to be activated, the unit U to be activated is cyclically switched every time it is activated, and the inverter 5 of the remaining unit U is activated as the activation unit. By performing parallel operation in synchronism with the inverter, it is possible to eliminate the uneven operation time due to limiting the starting unit to a specific one. In addition, since the source of the reference signal is switched, when switching from a blackout start not linked to the external power grid 7 to a linked operation, a signal synchronized with the grid frequency can be easily obtained. it can.

Control device 2
In the configuration shown in FIG. 1, a control command is sent from the operation control unit 2 a provided in the control device 2 to the power generation engine 3, the inverter 5, and the disconnect / inserter 6 a. An operation / stop command is sent to the power generation engine 3, and the power generation engine 3 is operated in accordance with the operation command or the stop command. An operation / stop command is sent to the inverter 5 and an output power command is sent to control the inverter output power. Further, a disconnection / insertion command is sent from the control device 2 to the disconnection / input device 6a. Here, the power generation engine 3 basically receives operation / stop control in accordance with an operation / stop command sent to the inverter 5.

On the other hand, various operation information is sent to the control device 2 from each device 3, 5, 6 a.
The operation information includes the operation / stop information of the power generation engine 3 (this operation / stop information is also substantially the operation / stop information of the inverter, information that the operation has started, information that the operation has been stopped, and , Including the time information), rotation speed information (information of average rotation speed), and output power information from the inverter 5 are included.

  Then, on the control device 2 side, unit operation information collecting means M1 is provided as shown in FIG. 2, and this unit operation information collecting means M1 collects and analyzes the above operation information, With respect to each power generation engine unit U, the “cumulative operation time”, “cumulative electric energy”, “engine speed”, and “number of start / stop times” up to now can be stored in the storage unit m.

  Further, as can be seen from the description of FIG. 2, the unit operation information collecting means M1 is configured to be able to collect information based on the actual operation state up to the present, and is generated in the control device 2. In other words, when the system 1 is operated according to the operation plan S, it is possible to accumulate “accumulated operation time”, “accumulated power amount”, “engine speed”, and “start / stop frequency” in the future.

First Embodiment FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the control device 2 side.
Input Operation information i1 is input to the control device 2 from the device side as described above. On the other hand, the control device 2 receives daily load information (an example of load information) i2 as a constraint condition for obtaining an appropriate operation plan S by the operation plan unit 2b.
The daily load information i2 is information representing the power load for each day (an example of the first period) in units of time (an example of the second period). The control device 2 is configured such that, for example, the daily load information i2 for a series of days such as the first month from the present day can be received sequentially on the control device 2 side.
This input i <b> 2 is configured to be able to be performed from an input device 2 c provided in the control device 2.

As described above, the output control device 2 outputs the command o1 to each power generation engine unit U, but at the same time, the operation plan S based on the daily load information i2 separately input by the operation plan unit 2b. This operation plan S itself can be output from an output device 2d such as a display.

Operation planning part 2b
As shown in FIG. 2, the operation plan unit 2b includes daily load information reception means (an example of load information reception means) M2, demand operation number determination means M3, priority order determination means M4, operation unit determination means M5, operation quota. Each means of change deriving means M6 and operation plan judging means M7 is provided.

Daily load information receiving means M2
The daily load information receiving means M2 is means for receiving daily load information i2 that is input information. This daily load information i2 represents the daily power load in units of time in this example, and is also called a daily load curve.

Demand operation number determination means M3
Based on the daily load information i2, the demand operation number determination means M3 determines the demand operation number of the engine unit U for power generation that satisfies the hourly power load on the operation plan date. For example, by dividing the power load of the time period by the amount of power that can be generated by the unit power generation engine unit U, the number of demand operation units per hour is obtained.
In this example, the demand operation number determination means M3 generates a daily load matrix (an example of a load matrix) m1 as shown in Equation 1.

  This matrix m1 is a matrix of 1 row and 24 columns, and each column corresponds to the time zone of one day, and each element is the demand operation number of vehicles in that time zone.

Priority determining means M4
The priority order determination means M4 determines the order of units to be operated with priority among the plurality of power generation engine units U. Specifically, a priority matrix m2 as shown in Equation 2 is generated.

  This matrix m2 is a matrix of (number of units) rows and 1 column, and each row corresponds to each power generation engine unit U, and each element is the priority (rank) of that unit. In the example shown in Equation 2, the number of units is 10.

In generating the priority matrix m2, the operation norm deriving means M8 works.
Driving quota deriving means M8
The operation quota deriving means M8 is the difference between the unit operation information value i3 of each power generation engine unit U and the unit operation information value i3 which is the maximum among the unit operation information values i3 of the plurality of power generation engine units U. The operation quota n is obtained for each power generation engine unit U.

  Here, the unit operation information value i3 will be described first. The unit operation information value i3 in the present application is information serving as basic data for determining the priority order, and the unit operation information collection means M1 described above is used. It is numerical information obtained by weighting these pieces of information from the collected information (cumulative operation time, cumulative electric energy, engine speed, and number of starts / stops).

Unit operation information value = α1 × (cumulative operation time) + α2 × (cumulative electric energy) + α3 × (engine speed) + α4 × (number of starts / stops)
Here, α1, α2, α3, and α4 are weighting constants.

  The unit operation information value i3 sent from the unit operation information collecting means M1 to the priority order determining means M4 is an operation information matrix m0 as shown in Equation 3.

The matrix m0 is a matrix of (number of units) rows and one column, and each row corresponds to each power generation engine unit U, and each element is a unit operation information value i3 of the unit. In the example shown in Equation 3, the number of units is 10.
By equalizing the unit operation information value i3 among the units U, the object of the present application can be achieved.

  Equation 4 below shows an operation normal matrix m3 obtained from the operation information matrix m0.

  This matrix m3 is a matrix of (number of units) rows and one column, and each row corresponds to each power generation engine unit U, and each element is its operating quota n.

  This operation quota n is the difference between the unit operation information value i3 of each power generation engine unit U and the unit operation information value i3 that is the maximum among the unit operation information values i3 of the plurality of power generation engine units U. , And can be obtained according to the subtraction process in the matrix shown in Equation 5 below.

  By ordering from the operation norm matrix m3 in the descending order of the elements, the priority matrix m2 shown in Formula 2 can be obtained.

Operating unit determination means M5
The operation unit determination means M5 determines the power generation engine unit U to be operated based on the order determined by the priority order determination means M4 and the demand operation number determined by the demand operation number determination means M3.
Specifically, an operation matrix m4 as shown in Equation 6 is generated.

This matrix m4 is a matrix of (number of units) rows and 24 columns, each row corresponding to each power generation engine unit U, and each column corresponding to a time zone. Further, each element indicates that “1” is a unit to be operated, and “0” indicates a unit to be stopped.
The operation matrix m4 is determined according to the priority order with the number of demand operation in each time zone as a constraint condition. Therefore, as can be seen from Equation 7, the total value in the row direction corresponds to the operation time of one day, and the total value in the column direction corresponds to the demand operation number. This operation time is shown in Formula 8.

As described above, it is possible to obtain the operation matrix m4 of the operation plan date that is currently targeted. Then, this operation matrix m4 is sent to the unit operation information collecting means M1.
In the unit operation information collecting means M1, the operation is performed according to the actual unit operation information value i3 up to the present and the operation plan S generated (plan according to the operation matrix m4 obtained as described above) on the operation plan date. The unit operation information value i3 is stored. That is, as the unit operation information value i3, the past actual operation amount and the future unit operation information value when operated according to the operation plan S are also added.

  Then, as shown by the lines returning from the operation unit determination means M5 and the operation norm change deriving means M8 shown in the lower part of FIG. 2 and from the operation plan determination means M7 to the front of the daily load information reception means M2, The system is constructed so as to sequentially repeat the processing of the new next day on the scheduled operation date. As a result, a series of operation plans S can be obtained by repeating the processes described so far over a series of periods in which the daily load information is obtained.

  New driving information matrix m0 (Equation 9), New driving normal matrix m3 (Equation 10), New priority matrix m2 (Equation 11), New driving matrix m4 (Equation 12), New daily driving time The matrix (Equation 13) is shown below.

  A new operation information matrix m0 (Equation 14) and a new operation norm matrix m3 (Equation 15) relating to the next operation plan date are shown.

  In this way, it is possible to obtain the operation matrix m4 while sequentially proceeding with the operation plan date.

Driving quota change deriving means M4
The driving quota deriving means M4 calculates a change Δn of the driving quota n of each power generation engine unit U when the obtained driving plan S is executed in relation to a series of days. As described above, in this system, since the operation norm derivation means M8 works and the operation norm matrix m3 is obtained for each operation plan date in the processing stage by the priority order determination means M4, the operation norma matrix is obtained. The change in m3 is derived.
For example, the total value of each element of the driving norma matrix m3 is sequentially calculated, and the amount of change is derived. When the amount of change is decreasing, unit operation information values are made uniform among the units.

Operation plan determination means M7
The operation plan determination unit M7 determines that the operation plan S in which the change Δn of the operation norm calculated by the operation norm change deriving unit M6 is decreasing is an appropriate operation plan. In this way, an appropriate operation plan S can be obtained by performing evaluation / determination for each day of the operation plan S determined for each series of days.

  In the control device 2, the proper operation plan S obtained in this way is stored in the operation plan storage unit 2am provided in the operation control unit 2a, and the system 1 is operated according to the operation plan S.

Processing Flow The above is the configuration of the system 1 according to the present embodiment. Hereinafter, setting of an appropriate operation plan S will be described according to the flowchart shown in FIG. This flow is an example of creating an operation plan S for an operation plan date and a new operation plan date (two days) following the operation plan date.

  In generating the operation plan S, first, a period (date) to be an object of the operation plan is received (step 1). In this example, an operation plan for two days is made.

Driving matrix generation Daily load information receiving means M2 receives daily load information i2 on the first day (step 2).
In accordance with the daily load information i2, the demand operation number determining means M3 determines the demand operation number on the operation planned date (step 3), and based on this demand operation number, the demand operation number determining means M3 generates the daily load matrix m1. (Step 4).
Separately, the unit operation information value i3 (operation information matrix m0) corresponding to each unit U is read from the storage unit m provided in the unit operation information collecting means M1 (step 5).
Based on the read unit operation information value i3, the operation norm deriving means M8 determines an operation norm matrix m3 (step 6).
The priority determining means M4 generates a priority matrix m2 based on the obtained driving norm matrix m3 (step 7).
The driving unit determining means M5 derives the driving matrix m4 based on the daily load matrix m1 and the priority matrix m2 and using the information of these matrices as a constraint condition (step 8).

After obtaining the operation matrix m4 for the first day as described above, the process proceeds to the operation matrix m4. Unit operation information value i3 (operation information matrix m0) when operation based on this operation matrix m4 is performed is derived in unit operation information collection means M1 (step 9).
In the operation norm deriving means M8, a new operation norm matrix m3 before and after the initial operation plan is derived (step 10).
The operation normal change Δn is derived by the operation norm change deriving means M6, and the operation plan S (in this example, the operation plan on the operation plan date) is evaluated (step 11). In this step, the operation plan determination means M7 determines that the operation plan S of the operation plan date is appropriate when the change Δn of the operation norm is zero or in a decreasing direction (step 11: yes), and that day Is determined (step 12). Then, the planned operation date S is increased by 1 (step 13), and this process is repeated until the period (2 days in this example) is completed (step 14: no).

On the other hand, when the change Δn of the driving norm is an increase (step 11: no), the priority is changed (priority matrix one step before, that is, the date prior to the current calculation target (default for the first day) , The priority matrix provided as, and in the case of the second day or later, the operation returns to the priority matrix adopted on the previous day), and the operation matrix m4 is generated based on the priority after the change (step 15. Step 8).
In this way, in a state where the series of processes is finally completed (step 14: yes), the operation plan S is output (step 16), and the work is finished.

Second Embodiment In the above embodiment, an example has been described in which the priority determining means M4 is provided with the driving quota deriving means M8, and the determination of the rank is related to the unit driving information value i3. Therefore, in the first embodiment, the priority order is uniquely determined by the unit operation information value i3 (operation information matrix m0) on the operation plan date. However, when such a method is adopted, the operation plan S is converged within a relatively narrow range, and there remains a problem that the flexibility of the operation plan S is reduced.

  Therefore, the second embodiment adopts a configuration that adopts a highly flexible operation planning method using a genetic algorithm, as compared to the first embodiment. In this example, the priority order determination means M40 determines the priority order separately from the driving quota deriving means M8.

  The configuration on the device side shown in FIG. 1 in the first embodiment is the same, and the components denoted by the same reference numerals in the functional block diagram shown in FIG. 2 are the same. A description of a part that performs the same type of function is omitted.

FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of the operation control apparatus of the second embodiment.
As shown in the figure, also in this example, unit operation information collecting means M1 is provided, daily load information receiving means M2, demand operation number determining means M3, operating unit determining means M5, operation norm change deriving means. M6 and operation plan determination means M7 are provided.

  The difference from the first embodiment is that the priority determining means M40 and the driving quota deriving means M8 are not directly related. That is, the driving norm deriving means M8 generates a driving norma matrix m3 from the information i3 (driving information matrix m0) collected by the unit driving information collecting means M1, and this driving norma matrix m3 is generated by the driving norm change deriving means M6. used.

On the other hand, the priority order determining means M40 includes a priority order generating means M41, a storage unit m, a mating means 41a, and a mutation means 41b as shown in FIG.
Priority generation means M41
The priority generation means M41 is a means for randomly generating a priority matrix m20, and generates a predetermined number N of different priority matrices m20 according to a separately generated random number or the like. The priority matrix m20 generated individually in this manner is subjected to the determination of suitability through generation of the driving matrix m4 and derivation of the change in driving norm Δn as will be described later, and only the matching priority matrix m20 is found. And stored in the storage unit m. This is a rank that will later be used as an appropriate rank, which is determined on a daily basis.

Mating means M41a
The mating executed by the mating means M41a is a process of obtaining another priority matrix m20 by dividing and mixing the matrix with respect to the priority matrix m20.

Mutation means 41b
The mutation means 41b is a process for obtaining another priority matrix m20 by inverting a part of the bits of the priority matrix m20.
Furthermore, stop information i4 related to each power generation engine unit U can be received by the control device 2 in accordance with a schedule such as maintenance. This stop information i4 is a constraint condition for generating the operation matrix m4 in the demand operation number determination means M3 or the operation unit determination means M5. That is, when the day is the day when all the units are stopped and the maintenance is performed, the operating number of the day is forcibly set to “0”. In the example shown in Equations 16 and 17, the time zone at 11:00 and 12:00 is forcibly set to “0”.
In the following formulas 16, 17, and 18, in order to clarify the type of matrix, the type of matrix or the type of element is described on the right side.

In the processing under the above conditions, the necessary processing can be completed by processing the matrix shown in Equation 17. In contrast to the matrix shown in Equation 16, in the matrix shown in Equation 17, the number of columns is deleted, and the processing load can be reduced.

  On the other hand, regarding the generation of the operation matrix m4, elements of a specific time zone (time zone for performing maintenance) of a specific power generation engine unit U are forcibly fixed to “0”. In this example, “*” is described in the matrix to indicate that this unit U is fixed in a specific state. As described above, by enabling the fixed state to be set in the operation matrix m4, the state of the unit U can be fixed with respect to the specific unit U and the time zone. An example of this is shown in Equation 18 in the operation matrix m4.

The above is the configuration of the system according to the present embodiment. Hereinafter, setting of an appropriate operation plan will be described according to the flowchart shown in FIG.
When generating an operation plan, first, a period (date) that is an object of the operation plan is received (step 1).

Operation matrix generation Daily load information receiving means M1 receives daily load information i2 (step 2).
In accordance with the daily load information i2, the demand operation number determining means M3 determines the number of demand operation on the operation plan date S (step 3-1).
Separately, when there is an operation stop such as maintenance, stop information i4 that is a start / stop pattern is received (step 3-2).
Based on the demand operation number and the stop information i4, the demand operation number determination means M3 generates a daily load matrix m1 (step 4).

Separately, the unit operation information value i3 (operation information matrix m0) corresponding to each unit U is read from the storage unit m provided in the unit operation information collecting means M1 (step 5).
Based on the read unit operation information value i3 (operation information matrix m0), the operation norm deriving means M8 generates an operation norma matrix m3 (step 6).

  In the following steps from Step 7a to Step 11-4, with respect to a predetermined number of priority matrixes m20 that are randomly generated, the suitability of each priority matrix m20 is determined, and only the appropriate priority matrix m20 is extracted and stored. To do.

In the priority order determining means M40, the priority order generating means M41 randomly generates a predetermined number (N in the illustrated example) of priority order matrices m20 (step 7a).
The priority matrix m20 in this situation includes appropriate ones and inappropriate ones.

The counter k is set to 1 (step 7b).
Based on the daily load matrix m1 and the priority matrix m20, the driving unit determination unit M5 generates the driving matrix m4 using the information in these matrices as a constraint condition (step 8).
The unit operation information collecting means M1 derives the unit operation information value i3 (operation information matrix m0) one day ahead when the operation based on the generated operation matrix m4 is performed (step 9).
Further, the driving quota deriving means M8 derives the driving quota matrix m3 that is one day ahead (step 10).
The operation normal change Δn is derived by the operation norm change deriving means M6, and the operation plan S (in this example, the operation plan on the operation plan date) is evaluated (step 11). In this step, if the change Δn of the driving norm is zero or in a decreasing direction (step 11: yes), it is determined that the driving plan S of the rank is appropriate, and the driving matrix m4 is generated. The used priority matrix m20 is left (step 11-1). On the other hand, when the change Δn of the driving norm is an increase (step 11: no), the priority matrix m20 used to generate the driving matrix m4 is deleted (step 11-2).
Such extraction work on the operation plan date is advanced to k = N (steps 11-3 and 11-4).

  In the extraction as described above, when a predetermined number of priority matrixes m20 or more are obtained (this is a number smaller than N) (step 11-5: yes), the same as described above with reference to FIG. In addition, the work is completed through step 16 while the date is sequentially advanced through steps 12, 13, and 14. At this time, since there are more than a predetermined number of matrices having a large change, the matrix almost converges to the optimum value. Therefore, for the determination of the operation plan, as the priority matrix m20, the priority matrix m20 can be extracted at random using, for example, random numbers or the like and sequentially used.

On the other hand, if a predetermined number or more of the proper priority matrixes m20 cannot be obtained (step 11-5: no), the priority matrix m20 is bred and mutated in the priority generator m41.
For mating, the mating means M41a divides and mixes the remaining priority matrix m20 to obtain another priority matrix m20 (step 11-6).
For the mutation, a part of the bits of the mated priority matrix m20 is inverted by the mutation means M41b to obtain another priority matrix m20 (step 11-7).
Further, the above-mentioned mating / mutation work is repeated, and the number of priority matrixes m20 is again set to a predetermined number N (step 11-8).
After performing this work, by returning the processing to step 71, it is possible to suitably extract an appropriate priority order matrix m20.

[Another embodiment]
Another embodiment of the control system according to the present application will be described.
(1) In the first embodiment described above, whether or not to adopt the priority matrix is determined based on whether or not the change Δn of the driving quota one day ahead is decreasing or zero in Step 11. Went. At this time, as the change Δn of the driving norm, the total value of each element of the driving norma matrix was sequentially calculated and the change amount was used. However, such an evaluation method may be difficult depending on the situation. For example, when the daily load curve is continuously at the maximum load, the change Δn in the operation norm does not reflect the priority, and all units U must be operated. On the other hand, even when the load is extremely small, there may be a situation where leveling by priority is not utilized.
Therefore, in addition to performing the change of the driving norm Δn according to the above method, other methods can be additionally employed. That is, except for the zero element that does not operate among the elements, the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the driving norm is regarded as the change Δn of the driving norm and the leveling is further evaluated. The processing flow of this example is shown in FIG. 6 corresponding to FIG. In this example, the step 11-1 is provided on the “no” side of the step 11, and the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the driving norm is defined as the driving norm change Δn, and the driving norm change Δn is within the set threshold range. It is determined whether or not. And if it is in the range of a threshold value (step 11-1: yes), it will move to step 12 noting that it exists in the convergence tendency. On the other hand, if it is not within the threshold range (step 11-1: no), the priority matrix is changed, and the process returns to step 15. This process is also performed by the operation plan determination means M7. By adopting such a method, the present control system can be effectively operated even in a situation where convergence is low.
(2) In the above embodiment, the case where the first period is the day and the second period is the hour has been shown, but the relationship between the first period and the second period is that the former is longer than the latter Any period may be used, and the first period may be a month, a week, or a day, and the week, day, and time zone may be employed as the second period for the first period.
(3) In the above embodiment, regarding the operation matrix, the row side is made to correspond to the power generation engine unit, and the column side is made to correspond to the second period, but the relationship between the row and the column may be reversed. Good.
(4) In the above embodiment, the maximum value in the matrix is used for the extraction of the driving norm, but the minimum value may be used conversely. In this case, the priority order is taken from the side with the larger absolute value.

  As described above, in the control system according to the present invention, when a plurality of systems having a relatively small and medium capacity engine as a prime mover are operated in parallel, the accumulated engine load is total even if start / stop, failure stop, manual operation, etc. are performed under all conditions. Therefore, it is possible to provide an excellent cogeneration parallel operation system by avoiding that the load is unevenly distributed in some systems and the service life is concentrated, and that maintenance is concentrated.

  Furthermore, according to the present invention, in the parallel operation of a plurality of unit-type independent forms that do not share auxiliary equipment, etc., the operation / stop status of each connected unit, the number of past start / stop operations, the cumulative operation time, The priority of driving is determined by the cumulative value obtained by multiplying the weight of the load, the number of revolutions, etc., with respect to the lifetime. If the units to be operated from the priority order are allocated according to the priority and the predicted number of operating units or the required number of operating units, the variation in the cumulative operating time does not basically increase.

  In addition, determine the maintenance time from the start of operation of the equipment according to the required engine maintenance cycle, refer to the expected daily load curve pattern until the maintenance time, and plan the operation so that the cumulative value mentioned above becomes uniform among the units in advance. Can be derived. In addition, if the unit is controlled according to the operation plan, and a stop state due to manual operation or failure that differs from the operation plan occurs, the above cumulative value according to the stop time is newly recalculated and again a new operation plan Can be derived.

  Further, when maintenance is performed on all units at once, it is possible to select a case where the units are sequentially stopped and maintenance is performed in a concentrated manner at one time.

  The cogeneration system with an engine via an inverter has excellent uniformity in the cumulative engine load when the system is connected to multiple systems in parallel and when the system is not connected (blackout), and is optimal for operation including an engine maintenance plan. It was possible to provide a control system that can be easily planned.

The figure which shows the structure of the control system which concerns on this application, and its control object Functional block diagram of the operation control apparatus in the first embodiment The figure which shows the flow of the operation plan production | generation in 1st embodiment. Functional block diagram of the operation control device in the second embodiment The figure which shows the flow of the operation plan production | generation in 2nd embodiment. The figure which shows the flow of the driving | operation plan production | generation in another embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Control system 2 Control apparatus 3 Engine for power generation 4 Generator 5 Inverter 7 External electric power system
M1 unit operation information collection means
M2 daily load information acceptance means (load information acceptance means)
M3 demand operation number determination means
M4 priority determination means
M5 driving unit determining means M6 driving norm change deriving means M7 driving plan determining means M8 driving norm deriving means M40 priority determining means M41 priority generating means M41a mating means M41b mutation means S driving plan i1 driving information i2 daily load information (load) information)
m Storage unit m0 Operation information matrix m1 Daily load matrix (load matrix)
m2 Priority Matrix m3 Driving Norma Matrix m4 Driving Matrix n Driving Norm Δn Change in Driving Norm 01 Command

Claims (8)

A plurality of power generation engine units each including a power generation engine that outputs a shaft output to a power generator and an inverter that converts the power output of the power generator and can be connected to a power system. A control system that controls operation of a part or all of an engine unit,
Load information receiving means for receiving load information representing a power load for each first period in units of a second period shorter than the first period;
From the load information, demand operation number determination means for determining the number of demand operation of the engine unit for power generation satisfying the power load for each second period;
Priority order determining means for determining the order of units to be preferentially operated in the plurality of power generation engine units;
An operation unit determining means for determining a power generation engine unit to be operated based on the order determined by the priority order determining means and the demand operation number determined by the demand operation number determining means,
Unit operation information collecting means for collecting unit operation information values obtained based on the accumulated operation time of the engine for each power generation engine unit and the accumulated electric energy which is the accumulated value of the inverter load electric energy;
A control system in which the priority order determining means determines the order of units to be preferentially operated based on the unit operation information values collected for each power generation engine unit by the unit operation information collecting means. An operation quota that is the difference between the unit operation information value of each power generation engine unit and the unit operation information value that is the maximum or the minimum among the unit operation information values of a plurality of power generation engine units is represented by each power generation engine unit. It has an operation quota deriving means to find every time,
The priority order determining means determines the order based on the driving quota derived by the driving quota deriving means,
The load information receiving means is configured to be able to receive the load information for each series of first periods,
The demand operation number determination means determines the demand operation number in a specific first period from the load information, and the priority order determination means ranks based on the unit operation information value of each power generation engine unit in the first period. And an operation normal change derivation means for calculating a change in the operation normal of each power generation engine unit when the obtained operation plan is executed.
The control system according to claim 1, further comprising an operation plan determination unit that determines an operation plan in which a change in the operation norm calculated by the operation norm change deriving unit tends to decrease as an appropriate operation plan. A plurality of power generation engine units each including a power generation engine that outputs a shaft output to a power generator and an inverter that converts the power output of the power generator and can be connected to a power system. A control system that controls operation of a part or all of an engine unit,
Load information receiving means for receiving load information representing a power load for each first period in units of a second period shorter than the first period;
From the load information, demand operation number determination means for determining the demand operation number of power generation engine units satisfying the power load for each second period in the first period;
Priority order determining means for determining the order of units to be preferentially operated in the plurality of power generation engine units;
An operation unit determining means for determining a power generation engine unit to be operated based on the order determined by the priority order determining means and the demand operation number determined by the demand operation number determining means,
Unit operation information collecting means for collecting unit operation information values obtained based on the accumulated operation time of the engine for each power generation engine unit and the accumulated electric energy which is the accumulated value of the inverter load electric energy;
An operation quota that is the difference between the unit operation information value of each power generation engine unit and the unit operation information value that is the maximum or the minimum among the unit operation information values of a plurality of power generation engine units is represented by each power generation engine unit. It has an operation quota deriving means to find every time,
The priority determining means includes priority order generating means for randomly generating a rank;
The demand operation number determination means determines the demand operation number in a specific first period from the load information, and the operation unit is based on the demand operation number in the first period and the order generated by the priority generation means. A driving unit change deriving unit for calculating a change in the driving norm of each generating engine unit when the determining unit determines a power generating engine unit to be operated and executes the obtained driving plan; A control system that obtains an operation plan on the basis of the order in which the priority determining means outputs an order in which a change in the operation quota calculated by the means tends to decrease.   The control system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the unit operation information value is added value information obtained by weighted addition of the accumulated operation time and the accumulated electric energy.   The control system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the unit operation information value is obtained based on either or both of an engine speed and a start / stop count for each power generation engine unit. The load information receiving unit generates a load matrix having the load information as an element of a power load in a second period unit,
The operating unit determining means is configured to associate either one of the row and the column with each second period, and associate the other with each power generation engine unit, and sets the element in the operating state to 1 and the non-operating state. The control system according to claim 1, wherein an operation matrix in which an element is represented by 0 is generated using at least the load matrix as a constraint condition. The priority order determining means generates a priority matrix having the operation priority of each power generation engine unit as an element for a plurality of power generation engine units,
The control system according to claim 6, wherein the operation unit determination unit generates the operation matrix using the load matrix and the priority matrix as constraint conditions. The difference between the unit operation information value of each power generation engine unit and the unit operation information value of the plurality of power generation engine units, which is the maximum or minimum unit operation information value, is an operation norm.
The control system according to claim 7, wherein the priority order determination unit generates a priority matrix according to an operation quota of each power generation engine unit.

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