JP2007292572A - Nondestructive inspection method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To evaluate a depth, and a corrosion state and a breakage state of a reinforcement or pipe, even when the plurality of reinforcements or pipes is arranged in parallel or lattice-likely. <P>SOLUTION: This nondestructive inspection method/device analyzes nondestructively a position or the corrosion state of each in a plurality of rod-like or tubular magnetic materials arranged in an inside of a nonmagnetic material structure. A magnetic flux density integrated with the plurality of magnetic materials is measured in an outside of the structure, by magnetic attraction from the outside of the structure in a position opposed to the target magnetic material. A magnetic flux density found preliminarily as to the magnetic material corresponding to the other magnetic material, existing at least by one, other than the target magnetic material, is subtracted from the measured integrated magnetic flux density to find the magnetic flux density due to only the target magnetic material, and the position of the target magnetic material is thereby specified or the corrosion state of the target magnetic material is thereby analyzed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention provides a nondestructive inspection method for nondestructively analyzing the position or corrosion state of magnetic materials such as a plurality of reinforcing bars and pipes existing in a nonmagnetic material structure such as concrete, heat insulating material, or protective material. And an apparatus.

  In the civil engineering / architecture field (construction industry), it is very important in terms of maintenance to know the location and degree of corroded reinforcing bars in concrete structures such as tunnels, bridges, and buildings. It is known that reinforced concrete structures such as bridges and viaducts expand the volume of the reinforcing bars as the corrosion of the reinforcing bars progresses, causing cracks and peeling of the concrete, thereby reducing the durability of the structure. Technologies such as the electromagnetic wave radar method, the electromagnetic induction method, the natural potential method, and the surface potential difference method are used as various methods for diagnosing this in advance, but at present, the corrosion status of the reinforcing bars inside the concrete is measured nondestructively. -There is no simple method that can be evaluated, and there is a situation where labor and cost are required.

  There are known devices (see Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2) for examining the situation of reinforcing bars or steel frames inside concrete that has been magnetized for some reason, and devices for measuring the amount of metal (see Patent Literature 3). However, these do not actively use magnetization.

As described above, non-destructive inspection of reinforced concrete is performed by various methods, and most of them are for exploring concrete deterioration, cavities, cracks, and the like. There is a need for a corrosion exploration method for reinforcing bars that takes advantage of the special environment of concrete.
JP 2002-77953 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-185636 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.7-151731

  In order to solve such problems, the present applicant, in the previous application (Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-87757), in the non-magnetic material structure such as concrete, heat insulating material, protective material, etc. We proposed a non-destructive inspection method and apparatus for non-destructively evaluating the corrosion state of a magnetic material by magnetizing the magnetic material and analyzing the magnetic flux distribution. However, according to the previous application, it can be applied mainly to a single reinforcing bar or pipe, but it cannot be dealt with when a plurality of reinforcing bars or pipes are arranged in parallel or in a grid pattern. .

  Therefore, the present invention aims to evaluate the depth, corrosion status, and fracture status of a plurality of reinforcing bars or pipes even when they are arranged in parallel or arranged in a grid pattern.

  The nondestructive inspection method of the present invention nondestructively analyzes the position or corrosion state of a plurality of rod-like or tubular magnetic materials arranged inside a nonmagnetic material structure. Magnetizing a plurality of magnetic materials from the outside of the structure at a position facing the target magnetic material, and the total magnetic flux density of the plurality of magnetized magnetic materials is outside the structure. measure. By subtracting the magnetic flux density obtained in advance for the magnetic material corresponding to at least one other magnetic material in addition to the target magnetic material from the measured total magnetic flux density, the magnetic flux density of only the target magnetic material is obtained. By obtaining, the position of the target magnetic material is specified, or the corrosion state of the magnetic material is analyzed.

  The nondestructive inspection apparatus of the present invention nondestructively analyzes the position or corrosion state of a plurality of rod-like or tubular magnetic materials arranged inside a nonmagnetic material structure. A magnetizing device having a function of generating a magnetic field that magnetizes a magnetic material from outside the structure, and a magnetic sensor that measures the magnetic flux density of the magnetic material magnetized by the magnetizing device outside the structure, Magnetizing a plurality of magnetic materials from the outside of the structure at a position facing the target magnetic material, and the total magnetic flux density of the plurality of magnetized magnetic materials is outside the structure. measure. By subtracting the magnetic flux density obtained in advance for the magnetic material corresponding to at least one other magnetic material in addition to the target magnetic material from the measured total magnetic flux density, the magnetic flux density of only the target magnetic material is obtained. By obtaining, the position of the target magnetic material is specified, or the corrosion state of the magnetic material is analyzed.

  According to the present invention, since the depth, corrosion status, fracture status, and the like of a plurality of rebars and a plurality of pipes that are generally used can be evaluated nondestructively, economic effects such as cost savings are very large. As a result, the present invention makes it possible to easily inspect the reinforcing bars in the structure in the civil engineering / architecture field (construction industry), so that the maintenance time of tunnels, bridges, buildings, etc. can be evaluated. Also, when piping (pipe) is thickly covered with a heat insulating material or a protective material, inspect the pipe for corrosion without peeling off the heat insulating material or the protective material, or do not dig up underground piping. Is possible.

  The present invention magnetizes a magnetic material (rebar) inside a structure such as concrete, measures the magnetic flux density, and analyzes the corrosion state of the rebar from the magnetic flux distribution. Hereinafter, a reinforcing bar will be described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to a solid material such as a reinforcing bar, but may be a “strong material” if it is a rod-like or tubular “magnetizing material” such as a hollow reinforcing bar (pipe) such as a pipe. Materials including “magnetic material” and “diamagnetic material” can be analyzed, and not only in the field of architecture and civil engineering, but also piping in plants and facilities, underground piping, and the like. Furthermore, although concrete will be described as an example of the structure, the present invention can be applied to a nonmagnetic material such as a heat insulating material or a protective material that covers a pipe (pipe) thickly.

  In order to analyze the reinforcing bar, it is necessary to specify the position of the reinforcing bar inside the structure. For that purpose, first, as a first step, a magnetic field is applied from the vicinity of the position where the reinforcing bars are supposed to be arranged, and the reinforcing bars are magnetized. Then, the magnetic flux distribution at that time is measured. The arrangement of the reinforcing bars is confirmed from the measured magnetic flux distribution. However, when the reinforcing bar position can be confirmed by, for example, a design drawing or the previous measurement, the first step can be omitted.

  Next, as a second step, the reinforcing bars confirmed from the above results are magnetized from the orthogonal direction, that is, from the radial direction such as up, down, and lateral, and the magnetic flux distribution is measured. Based on this magnetic flux distribution, the corrosion state of the reinforcing bar is analyzed. More specific description will be given below.

(Magnetization and measurement)
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a magnetizing device. Immediately above the magnetizing coil of this magnetizing apparatus, experimental reinforcing bars that simulate the reinforcing bars in the structure (the virtual concrete shown in the figure) are supported on both sides by nonmagnetic support columns. In the figure, only one reinforcing bar arranged to extend in the X direction is visible, but when multiple reinforcing bars are arranged in parallel, they are also arranged to extend in the X direction, and multiple reinforcing bars intersect. In the case of arrangement, the following description will be made assuming that arrangement is made not only in the X direction but also in the Y direction. The magnetized power source in the figure is capable of passing a direct current (pulse current) sufficient to magnetize the reinforcing bars in the structure. Furthermore, this power supply can pass an alternating current sufficient to generate an alternating magnetic field that demagnetizes the rebar once magnetized if necessary. The Hall sensor is for measuring the applied magnetic field during magnetization, and can measure the magnetic field generated from the magnetizing coil.

As the magnetizing power source of the present invention, any configuration coil (copper wire) can be used as long as it can generate a strong magnetic field. Further, when the coil is cooled by liquid nitrogen or the like, the coil has an electrical resistance that is reduced to a fraction of that, and heat generation can be reduced to facilitate the flow of current. In the illustrated apparatus, a pulse current (for example, a pulse having a triangular waveform having a time width of about 150 ms) is passed as a direct current flowing in the coil. As a result, a strong magnetic field (for example, about 5 Tesla (Wb / m ² )) is generated instantaneously, and the object can be magnetized by applying the magnetic field to the object. In the pulse magnetization method, a current is instantaneously applied to generate a magnetic field, so that a large current can be applied and a high magnetic field can be generated. In addition, magnetizing with a pulsed magnetic field does not require a large device such as a superconducting coil, so that the device can be made compact and low in cost, and can be magnetized even when incorporated in equipment. There is also.

  The static magnetic field magnetizing method is a method of magnetizing by a static magnetic field using an electromagnet or a superconducting magnet, and the apparatus itself becomes large, but can be magnetized efficiently. By using a superconducting wire, a strong magnetic field can be generated. If a superconducting wire cooled by a refrigerant such as liquid nitrogen or a refrigerator is used, heat generation of the coil can be suppressed and a large current can flow, so the coil can be downsized. This superconducting magnet can generate a constant high magnetic field by passing a direct current. Alternatively, a pulse current can be used for the superconducting magnet.

  Furthermore, if a magnetized high-temperature superconductor (disk) is used, a large magnetic field of 10 terraces or more that is 10 times or more larger than that of an existing magnet can be steadily generated.

(Rebar depth analysis)
FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the analysis of the reinforcing bar depth. The rebar shown in the figure is preliminarily magnetized by applying a magnetizing magnetic field. Even if it is not possible to specify the exact position of the reinforcing bar in the structure, it is necessary to analyze the position of the reinforcing bar at least if it is magnetized from the vicinity of the position where it is supposed to be located. It is enough.

  As shown in the figure, it is assumed that the reinforcing bar extends in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface (X direction). The direction directly above is the Z axis, and the Y axis is taken in the direction perpendicular to the Z axis. The magnetic flux density in the Y direction reverses around the Z axis. This means that the direction of entering the magnetic sensor of the magnetic flux density radiating from the reinforcing bar is reversed, and it can be detected that the place where the reversal is directly above the reinforcing bar. With the position directly above as a reference, the Y-direction distance y of the measurement point P which is laterally separated by y in the Y direction can be obtained simply by distance measurement.

  Next, at this measurement point P, the Y component By (magnetic flux density in the Y direction) of the magnetic flux and the Z component Bz (magnetic flux density in the Z direction) of the magnetic flux are measured. Reinforcing bars exist in the direction opposite to their synthesis direction. Therefore, by calculating the tan θ (= Bz / By) of the Y component and Z component of the magnetic flux and multiplying it by the distance y from directly above the reinforcing bar, the depth d of the reinforcing bar can be obtained by the following equation.

d = (Bz / By) · y
At this time, the value of tan θ diverges infinitely as it approaches the reinforcing bar, so that the reinforcing bar depth can be obtained by taking an average value by measuring several points with different y. For example, the magnetic flux density at points of ± 14 cm is measured at intervals of 2 cm from directly above the reinforcing bar, and the average value of values excluding five points (including directly above the reinforcing bar) of ± 4 cm immediately above the reinforcing bar is defined as the depth of the reinforcing bar.

(Magnetic flux density measurement)
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining magnetic flux density measurement. FIG. 3 shows a case where a plurality of reinforcing bars (shown as three) are arranged at intervals in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, respectively. The X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction each have a center at the origin. In this way, rebars that intersect vertically and horizontally are placed using a non-magnetic base. In addition, in the case of the parallel reinforcement mentioned later, suppose that it arrange | positions so that it may extend only to the X-axis direction in a figure.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the reinforcing bars arranged in this way are magnetized by a magnetizing coil of a magnetizing device from a lower position (for example, about 10 cm or more as Zcm in the figure). . The reason why 10 cm is separated at this time is that in the case of actual reinforced concrete, the reinforcing bars are buried in the concrete, which is taken into consideration.

  The magnetic flux density of the magnetized reinforcing bar is measured from above (from the Z-axis direction) with a magnetic sensor. The measurement results to be described later measure the X-direction component magnetic flux Bx, the Y-direction component magnetic flux By, and the Z-direction component magnetic flux Bz at 13 × 13 points at intervals of 5 cm in the X direction and 5 cm in the Y direction above the Z-axis direction. The distribution is taken.

(Analysis of one reinforcing bar)
As described above, it is assumed that a plurality of reinforcing bars are arranged, but now one target reinforcing bar (one reinforcing bar extending in the X direction at the position of Y = 0). Suppose that this reinforcing bar is magnetized from the center of the reinforcing bar. The magnetic flux distribution in the X direction changes the direction of the magnetic flux at the center of the reinforcing bar (magnetization point). That is, the magnetic flux enters the center of the reinforcing bar, and the vicinity of the center of the reinforcing bar becomes, for example, the S pole and the N poles at both ends. This pole distribution is affected by the magnetic field generated by the magnetizing coil. In the magnetic flux distribution in the Y direction, the direction of the magnetic flux changes with the reinforcing bar as a boundary. Thereby, it can be estimated where the reinforcing bars are arranged in the Y direction. The magnetic flux distribution in the Z direction has the strongest magnetic flux density at the magnetization point, and forms opposite magnetic flux distributions on both sides. Compared to the magnetic flux distribution in the other direction, the Z direction has the strongest measured magnetic flux and the distribution is clear, which is suitable for later-described corrosion analysis of reinforcing bars.

  Next, the reinforcing bar whose position has been specified as described above is magnetized, the magnetic flux distribution is measured, and the corrosion state of the reinforcing bar is analyzed from this magnetic flux distribution. In order to make the magnetic flux measurement accurate, first, the rebar to be measured is demagnetized. This is done by passing an alternating current through the magnetizing device to generate an alternating magnetic field.

  After that, magnetization for rebar corrosion analysis is performed. As shown in FIG. 1, this magnetization is performed by using a magnetized power source from a direction perpendicular to or directly above a reinforcing bar that is a magnetic material in a nonmagnetic structure such as concrete. This is done by passing a direct current (pulse current) sufficient to magnetize the reinforcing bars in the object. As shown in the figure, when one magnetizing device is used, the generated magnetic flux enters the reinforcing bar from the center (magnetizing point) facing the magnetizing device, passes through the reinforcing bar, and then exits the reinforcing bar from both sides. Return to the opposite side of the magnetizer. Therefore, the central part of the reinforcing bar is magnetized to the N (or S) pole and is magnetized to the opposite magnetic pole on both the left and right sides. Alternatively, two or more magnetizing devices are arranged on the left and right sides in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing bar, enter the reinforcing bar from one magnetizing device, exit the reinforcing bar after passing through the reinforcing bar, and then other magnetizing devices The rebar can be magnetized by the magnetic flux that returns to step (b).

  FIG. 4 is a graph showing the measurement results of the maximum magnetic flux density when the reinforcing bar depth is changed for three types of reinforcing bars having diameters of 8, 10, and 12 mm. The maximum magnetic flux density is obtained as the magnetic flux (Bz) of the Z-axis direction component at a position (Z-axis direction) perpendicular to the magnetization point (see FIG. 2). In other words, this maximum magnetic flux density corresponds to a magnetic flux generated radially from the reinforcing bar detected as a radial component magnetic flux at a position outside the concrete closest to the reinforcing point's magnetization point. As can be seen from the figure, the magnetic flux density varies depending on the diameter of the reinforcing bar. Thus, by measuring the magnetic flux density, it is possible to estimate the diameter of the reinforcing bar and hence the corrosion state of the reinforcing bar. That is, when a part of the reinforcing bar corrodes and the diameter becomes small, it can be judged by looking at the distortion of the magnetic flux density distribution. That is, when the distribution is distorted, it can be determined that there is a corroded portion. Furthermore, not only can the diameter of the reinforcing bar itself be measured, but it is also possible to analyze changes over time of the reinforcing bar by periodically measuring under the same conditions and in the same place. In the present specification, “corrosion state” of a reinforcing bar or the like is used as a term including “rupture state”. A broken state of a reinforcing bar or pipe can be considered as a state in which corrosion has progressed excessively. Similarly, it can be determined by measuring a magnetic field (magnetic flux density) of a magnetized reinforcing bar or pipe. Since the magnetic pole is generated at the broken portion or the magnetization is interrupted, the distribution is different from the case where there is no break.

  In FIG. 4, while the depth of the reinforcing bar is shallow, a difference is seen depending on the diameter of the reinforcing bar, but it can be seen that the difference decreases as the reinforcing bar depth increases. This is thought to be due to the fact that the magnetization distance and the measurement magnetic field are both weak because the reinforcing distance and the measurement distance have increased. However, this can be solved by making the magnetizing magnetic field stronger.

(Analysis of multiple reinforcing bars)
Consider a case where a plurality of reinforcing bars are arranged by combining one target reinforcing bar and another reinforcing bar. First, guess the position of all the reinforcing bars. Next, magnetize multiple reinforcing bars from outside the structure at a position facing the target reinforcing bars, and measure the total magnetic flux density of the magnetized multiple reinforcing bars outside the structure. To do. Next, this measured magnetic flux density is corrected to eliminate the influence of at least one other reinforcing bar other than the target reinforcing bar. For this purpose, a large number of magnetic flux distribution data separated from the magnetization point are collected in advance and stored as a database. For example, this data is accumulated for each type of rebar or piping, the type of material and diameter, the distance from the magnetizing point, and the arrangement angle with respect to the magnetizing coil direction. For reinforcing bars other than the target reinforcing bar, the corresponding reinforcing bar data (same type, distance, direction, etc.) is obtained from the accumulated database, and this is subtracted from the measured magnetic flux density data. Make the same data as As a result, the depth and corrosion analysis of the target rebar can be performed. This will be described in more detail below.

  First, a magnetizing magnetic field is applied at an arbitrary point, the reinforcing bar is magnetized, and the magnetic flux distribution at that time is measured. The position and arrangement of the reinforcing bars are confirmed from this magnetic flux distribution. As a result, it is assumed that the parallel reinforcing bar arrangement is confirmed. In the case of a parallel reinforcing bar, the magnetic flux distribution in the Z direction becomes an ellipse that is long in the reinforcing bar direction, and thus the elliptical magnetic flux distribution in the Z direction is arranged in parallel.

  Next, magnetization is performed from directly above the target reinforcing bar, and the total magnetic flux distribution including the influence of other reinforcing bars is measured. Estimate the position of all the reinforcing bars from this total magnetic flux distribution (mainly the Z direction magnetic flux distribution), obtain data other than the target reinforcing bars from the database, and subtract this from the total magnetic flux distribution to obtain one magnetic flux distribution. Try to have similar data. From the subtracted magnetic flux distribution, the depth and corrosion of the reinforcing bar are analyzed.

  In the case of a lattice reinforcing bar having at least one crossing reinforcing bar in addition to the target reinforcing bar, the magnetic flux distribution in the Z direction becomes an ellipse that is long in the reinforcing bar direction, so that the elliptical magnetic flux distribution in the Z direction is vertical. It can be inferred that it exists in both direction and lateral direction. As a result, when it is inferred that it is a lattice reinforcing bar, magnetization is performed from the crossing point of the reinforcing bar that intersects the target reinforcing bar, and the total magnetic flux distribution including the influence of other reinforcing bars is measured. Estimate the position of all the reinforcing bars from this total magnetic flux distribution (mainly the Z direction magnetic flux distribution), obtain data other than the target reinforcing bars from the database, and subtract this from the total magnetic flux distribution to obtain one magnetic flux distribution. Try to have similar data. From the subtracted magnetic flux distribution, the depth and corrosion of the reinforcing bar are analyzed. As described above with reference to FIG. 4, when the diameter of the reinforcing bar is different, the magnetic flux distribution when the reinforcing bar is magnetized is also different. The corrosion of the reinforcing bar is replaced with a change in the diameter of the reinforcing bar, and it is determined that the portion where the diameter is small is corroded, and the corrosion diagnosis is performed.

  In addition, an internal reinforcing bar (magnetic material) such as concrete can be magnetized, and a magnetic field generated from the magnetization distribution can be processed (image) for each component, and matching of each image becomes possible. By using the visualized magnetic field distribution, it is possible to estimate and evaluate the depth of the reinforcing bars and the corrosion state of the reinforcing bars. Magnetized rebars can be demagnetized by applying an alternating magnetic field, and the above evaluation can be performed any number of times.

  The magnetized power source as an example that can be used in the present invention can pass a DC pulse current of 20,000 A at the maximum when magnetized. Furthermore, in order to demagnetize the reinforcing bars once magnetized, an alternating current of a maximum of 7,000 A can be made to gradually decrease.

  The magnetic field that can be generated varies depending on the size of the magnetized coil and the number of turns of the coil. The specification of the magnetizing coil (air core) that can be used as an example in the present invention is as follows.

  Inner diameter: 30mm, outer diameter: 118mm, height: 86mm, wire diameter: 1.5mm, number of turns: 690 Turn, coil resistance: 1.20Ω (room temperature), 0.5Ω (in liquid nitrogen), bobbin material: stainless steel

(In the case of one rebar)
5A to 5C are diagrams showing magnetic flux distributions in the X, Y, and Z directions of one reinforcing bar. This one reinforcing bar is arranged in the X direction at the position of Y = 0. 5A, 5B, and 5C show distributions of magnetic flux components Bx, By, and Bz in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively.

  Looking at the distribution of the X-direction magnetic flux component Bx shown in FIG. 5A, it can be seen that the direction of the magnetic flux changes with the center (magnetization point) of the reinforcing bar as a boundary. This shows a state in which the magnetic flux enters the center of the reinforcing bar, and the vicinity of the center of the reinforcing bar is the S pole and both ends are the N poles. The distribution of the X-direction magnetic flux component Bx is affected by the magnetic field generated by the magnetizing coil.

  Next, when looking at the distribution of the Y-direction magnetic flux component By shown in FIG. 5B, it can be seen that the direction of the magnetic flux also changes here from the reinforcing bar. Thereby, it can be estimated where the reinforcing bars are arranged. In the figure, it can be confirmed that the positive / negative boundary of the magnetic flux density is in the vicinity of Y = 0.

  Finally, looking at the distribution of the Z-direction magnetic flux component Bz shown in FIG. 5C, the magnetic flux density at the magnetization point is the strongest and opposite magnetic flux distributions are formed on both sides. Since the magnetic flux distribution in the Z direction becomes an ellipse that is long in the reinforcing bar direction, the direction of the reinforcing bar can be determined from the magnetic flux distribution in the Z direction. The arrangement, diameter and depth of the reinforcing bars can be evaluated in consideration of each of these three distributions.

  The analysis of the reinforcing bar depth can be obtained by the method described above with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 shows the reinforcing bar depth d obtained from the measurement results of the magnetic flux components By and Bz in the Y direction and the Z direction measured by changing the distance in the Y-axis direction with respect to the reinforcing bar arranged at a depth of 10 cm. It is a graph. The X and Z coordinate values are fixed immediately above the magnetization point, and By and Bz are measured at intervals of ± 14 cm in the Y direction at intervals of 2 cm. From the measurement results, as described above, d = (Bz / By) · y The rebar depth was calculated by Except for the Y coordinate value close to 0, it can be seen that a 10 cm depth of the reinforcing bar is obtained almost accurately by magnetic flux measurement. The relative error can be obtained from the calculated rebar depth and the actual rebar depth by the following equation.

    Relative error = (| experimental value−theoretical value | / theoretical value) × 100

(For parallel reinforcing bars)
7A to 7C are diagrams showing magnetic flux distributions in the X, Y, and Z directions of three reinforcing bars arranged in parallel. 7A, 7B, and 7C show distributions of magnetic flux components Bx, By, and Bz in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The three reinforcing bars are arranged in the X direction at positions Y = -15, 0, and 15.

  8A to 8C are diagrams showing magnetic flux distributions obtained by subtracting magnetic flux distributions other than the target reinforcing bars. 8A, 8B, and 8C show the distributions of the magnetic flux components Bx, By, and Bz in the subtracted X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. 8A to 8C, it can be seen that the magnetic flux distribution of one reinforcing bar shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C is close. This magnetic flux distribution is stored in advance in the database for each type of rebar or piping, the type of material and diameter, the distance from the magnetizing point, and the arrangement angle with respect to the magnetizing coil direction. Data other than the target reinforcing bar is obtained from the accumulated database and is subtracted from the measured magnetic flux density data to produce the same data as one piece of data. Based on this data, the target depth of the reinforcing bar is calculated.

  FIG. 9 shows that Y = 0-14, −12, −10, −8, −6, X = 0 (immediately above the magnetization point) from the magnetic flux distribution in the Y direction in FIG. 8B and the magnetic flux distribution in the Z direction in FIG. It is the graph which calculated depth by calculation from By, Bz of 10 points of 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14. For an actual depth of 10 cm, the average was 9.59 cm and the relative error was 4.1%.

(In the case of lattice rebar)
10A to 10C are diagrams illustrating magnetic flux distributions in the X, Y, and Z directions of two reinforcing bars that are vertically crossed. 10A, 10B, and 10C show distributions of magnetic flux components Bx, By, and Bz in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. Two reinforcing bars passing through the origin (X = 0 and Y = 0) are arranged to intersect perpendicularly. From the shape of the magnetic flux distribution in the Z direction shown in FIG. 10C, the target rebar direction and the approximate positions of the other reinforcing bars can be estimated.

  In the same manner as in the case of the parallel reinforcing bar shown in the third embodiment, the depth can be obtained from the value converted into one reinforcing bar. As shown in the graph of FIG. 11, from the magnetic flux distribution in the Y direction shown in FIG. 10B and the magnetic flux distribution in the Z direction shown in FIG. 10C, Y = −14, −12, −10 at X = 0 (directly above the magnetization point). , -8, -6, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 Depth was calculated by calculation from 10 points By and Bz. For an actual depth of 10.3 cm, the average was 10.98 cm and the relative error was 6.6%. This error can be reduced by accurately measuring the magnetization point and the measurement point.

  Although the present invention has been described based on the illustrated examples, the present invention is not limited to the above-described examples, and includes other configurations that can be easily modified by those skilled in the art within the scope of the claims.

It is a figure which illustrates a magnetization apparatus. It is a figure explaining analysis of a reinforcing bar depth. It is a figure explaining magnetic flux density measurement. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the maximum magnetic flux density when a reinforcing bar depth is changed about three kinds of reinforcing bars of diameter 8, 10, and 12 mm. It is a figure which shows distribution of the magnetic flux component Bx of the X direction of one rebar. It is a figure which shows distribution of the magnetic flux component By of the Y direction of one rebar. It is a figure which shows distribution of the magnetic flux component Bz of the Z direction of one rebar. It is a graph which shows the reinforcing bar depth d calculated | required from the measurement result which changed the distance of the Y-axis direction with respect to the reinforcing bar arrange | positioned in the depth of 10 cm. It is a figure which shows distribution of the magnetic flux component Bx of the X direction of three rebars arranged in parallel. It is a figure which shows distribution of the magnetic flux component Bx of the Y direction of the three reinforcing bars arranged in parallel. It is a figure which shows distribution of the magnetic flux component By of the X direction of the three reinforcing bars arranged in parallel. It is a figure which shows distribution of the magnetic flux component Bx of the X direction which deducted magnetic flux distributions other than the target reinforcing bar. It is a figure which shows distribution of the magnetic flux component By of the Y direction which deducted magnetic flux distributions other than the target reinforcing bar. It is a figure which shows distribution of the magnetic flux component Bz of the Z direction which deducted magnetic flux distributions other than the target reinforcing bar. It is a graph which shows the depth calculated by calculation from the magnetic flux distribution of the Y direction of FIG. 8B, and the magnetic flux distribution of the Z direction of FIG. 8C. It is a figure which shows distribution of the magnetic flux component Bx of the X direction of the two reinforcing bars arranged crossing perpendicularly. It is a figure which shows distribution of the magnetic flux component By of the Y direction of the two reinforcing bars arranged crossing perpendicularly. It is a figure which shows distribution of the magnetic flux component Bz of the Z direction of two rebars crossed perpendicularly. It is a graph which shows the depth computed by calculation from the magnetic flux distribution of the Y direction shown to FIG. 10B, and the magnetic flux distribution of the Z direction shown to FIG. 10C.

Claims (15)

In a non-destructive inspection method for non-destructively analyzing the position or corrosion state of a rod-like or tubular magnetic material arranged inside a non-magnetic material structure,
At the position facing the target magnetic material, the plurality of magnetic materials are magnetized from the outside of the structure, and the total magnetic flux density of the magnetized magnetic materials is determined by the structure. Measure externally,
By subtracting a magnetic flux density obtained in advance for a magnetic material corresponding to at least one other magnetic material in addition to the target magnetic material from the measured total magnetic flux density, only the target magnetic material is used. By determining the magnetic flux density, the position of the target magnetic material is specified, or the corrosion state of the magnetic material is analyzed.
Non-destructive inspection method consisting of Magnetizing the magnetic material in two stages,
By identifying the magnetic material position by measuring the magnetic flux density by the first stage magnetization, demagnetizing the magnetic material by applying an alternating magnetic field,
The nondestructive inspection method according to claim 1, wherein magnetization is performed at a position facing the identified target magnetic material as the second stage magnetization. The nondestructive inspection method according to claim 1, wherein the nonmagnetic material structure is concrete, a heat insulating material, or a protective material, and the magnetic material is a reinforcing bar or a pipe. The magnetization is performed by a pulse magnetic field generated by passing a pulse current through a coil, a magnetic field generated by a superconducting magnet using a superconducting wire, or a magnetic field constantly generated by a magnetized superconductor. The nondestructive inspection method according to 1. The magnetic material position is specified by determining the magnetic flux density only by the obtained target magnetic material, with one direction orthogonal to the magnetic material extending in the coordinate axis X direction as the Z direction and the direction orthogonal thereto as the Y direction. The nondestructive inspection method according to claim 1, wherein the non-destructive inspection method is performed by calculating a depth in the structure of the target magnetic material by calculating from a Y direction component and a Z direction component. The non-destructive inspection method according to claim 1, wherein the corrosion state of the magnetic material is analyzed by measuring a maximum magnetic flux density that varies depending on a diameter of the magnetic material near a magnetization point. The nondestructive inspection method according to claim 1, wherein the measurement result of the magnetic flux density is image-processed, and the magnetic field distribution visualized is used to identify the position of the magnetic material or analyze the corrosion state of the magnetic material. In a non-destructive inspection apparatus for non-destructively analyzing the position or corrosion state of a rod-like or tubular magnetic material arranged inside a non-magnetic material structure,
A magnetizing device having a function of generating a magnetic field that magnetizes the magnetic material from outside the structure; and a magnetic sensor that measures the magnetic flux density of the magnetic material magnetized by the magnetizing device outside the structure; With
At the position facing the target magnetic material, the plurality of magnetic materials are magnetized from the outside of the structure, and the total magnetic flux density of the magnetized magnetic materials is determined by the structure. Measure externally,
By subtracting a magnetic flux density obtained in advance for a magnetic material corresponding to at least one other magnetic material in addition to the target magnetic material from the measured total magnetic flux density, only the target magnetic material is used. By determining the magnetic flux density, the position of the target magnetic material is specified, or the corrosion state of the magnetic material is analyzed.
Non-destructive inspection equipment consisting of The magnetizing device further has a function of generating an alternating magnetic field, and after specifying the magnetic material position by measuring the magnetic flux density of the magnetized magnetic material, the magnetic material is applied by applying the alternating magnetic field. Demagnetize
The nondestructive inspection apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the magnetizing device performs magnetizing at a position facing the identified target magnetic material. The nondestructive inspection apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the nonmagnetic material structure is concrete, a heat insulating material, or a protective material, and the magnetic material is a reinforcing bar or a pipe. The magnetizing device is magnetized by a pulsed magnetic field generated by passing a pulse current through a coil, a magnetic field generated by a superconducting magnet using a superconducting wire, or a magnetic field constantly generated by a magnetized superconductor. The nondestructive inspection device according to claim 8 which performs. The magnetic material position is specified by determining the magnetic flux density only by the obtained target magnetic material, with one direction orthogonal to the magnetic material extending in the coordinate axis X direction as the Z direction and the direction orthogonal thereto as the Y direction. The non-destructive inspection apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the non-destructive inspection device is performed by calculating a depth in the structure of the target magnetic material by calculating from a Y-direction component and a Z-direction component. The nondestructive inspection apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the corrosion state of the magnetic material is analyzed by measuring a maximum magnetic flux density that varies depending on a diameter of the magnetic material near a magnetization point. The nondestructive inspection device according to claim 8, wherein a plurality of the magnetizing devices are provided along a longitudinal direction of the magnetic material. The nondestructive inspection apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the measurement result of the magnetic flux density is image-processed, and the magnetic field distribution visualized is used to identify the position of the magnetic material or analyze the corrosion state of the magnetic material.

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