JP2007290911A - Hydraulic material and repairing method using the same - Google Patents
Hydraulic material and repairing method using the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、主に、土木・建築分野において使用する水硬性材料およびそれを用いた補修方法に関する。 The present invention mainly relates to a hydraulic material used in the field of civil engineering and architecture, and a repair method using the hydraulic material.
土木、建築分野では、ポルトランドセメントなど多くの水硬性材料が使用されているが、大きな課題の一つにひび割れが入り易いことが知られている。ひび割れの発生要因としては、材料や配合に起因するもの、施工に起因するもの、外力に起因するもの、および環境条件に起因するものがある。特に、環境条件に起因するひび割れは、温度、湿度、通風の影響で水分逸散速度が増大し、硬化する前あるいは硬化初期に発生する初期ひび割れが問題となる場合がある。特に、屋外での施工や適切な養生が行えない場所での注意が必要である。
初期ひび割れを低減する方法としては、散水養生、シート養生などで水分逸散を抑制する方法があるが、これらの対策ができない場合は、エマルジョン系の被膜養生剤を散布することや材料自体に初期ひび割れ抵抗性を持たせることが行われている。材料自体に初期ひび割れ抵抗性を持たせる方法の1つとしては、短繊維を混入する方法がある(非特許文献1)。
As a method of reducing initial cracking, there is a method of suppressing water dissipation by water spray curing, sheet curing, etc., but when these measures cannot be taken, it is possible to spray emulsion type film curing agent or to initial material itself It has been done to give crack resistance. One method for imparting initial crack resistance to the material itself is to mix short fibers (Non-Patent Document 1).
短繊維には、ビニロン繊維、ポリプロピレン繊維、ナイロン繊維などの有機繊維、鋼繊維、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維、ロックウールなどの無機繊維が一般的に知られている。
これら短繊維は、ドライモルタルへの均一混合ができない場合がある。人造鉱物繊維を水硬性材料へ混合する場合は、吹き飛ばしてウール状にしたものではなく紡糸して繊維化したものが好ましく、例えば、石炭灰を数千度の高温で溶融紡糸して繊維化したフライアッシュファイバーで強化したセメント複合材料が知られている(特許文献1、2)。また、玄武岩を1500〜1600℃で溶融紡糸し繊維化する製造方法がある(特許文献3)。
These short fibers may not be uniformly mixed with dry mortar. When mixing artificial mineral fibers into hydraulic materials, it is preferable to spun and fiberize them instead of blowing them into wool. For example, coal ash is melt spun at a high temperature of several thousand degrees and fiberized. Cement composite materials reinforced with fly ash fibers are known (Patent Documents 1 and 2). Moreover, there exists a manufacturing method which melt-spins basalt at 1500-1600 degreeC, and fiberizes (patent document 3).
本発明は、ドライモルタルに混合したときの分散性が良く、初期ひび割れ抵抗性の高い玄武岩繊維を含有する水硬性材料およびそれを用いた補修方法を提供する。 The present invention provides a hydraulic material containing basalt fibers having good dispersibility when mixed with dry mortar and high initial crack resistance, and a repair method using the hydraulic material.
すなわち、本発明は、(1)セメントと溶融紡糸した玄武岩繊維を含有する水硬性材料、(2)セメント100部に対して溶融紡糸した玄武岩繊維0.1〜10部を含有する(1)の水硬性材料、(3)さらに、骨材を含有する(1)または(2)の水硬性材料、(4)(1)〜(3)のいずれかの水硬性材料を用いた補修方法、である。 That is, the present invention includes (1) a hydraulic material containing cement and melt-spun basalt fibers, and (2) 0.1 to 10 parts of basalt fibers melt-spun with respect to 100 parts of cement. Hydraulic material, (3) In addition, (1) or (2) hydraulic material containing aggregate, (4) Repair method using hydraulic material of any one of (1) to (3) is there.
本発明によれば、ドライモルタルに混合したときの分散性が良く、初期ひび割れ抵抗性が高い水硬性材料が得られ、それを用いた補修が可能となる。 According to the present invention, a hydraulic material having good dispersibility when mixed with dry mortar and high initial crack resistance can be obtained, and repair using the hydraulic material is possible.
以下,本発明を詳細に説明する。
なお、本発明における部や%は特に規定しない限り質量基準で示す。
The present invention will be described in detail below.
In the present invention, “parts” and “%” are based on mass unless otherwise specified.
本発明で使用するセメントとは、JIS R 5210に規定されている各種ポルトランドセメント、JIS R 5211、JIS R 5212、およびJIS R 5213に規定された各種混合セメント、JISに規定された以上の混和材混入率で製造した高炉セメント、フライアッシュセメントおよびシリカセメントや、石灰石粉末などを混合したフィラーセメント、アルミナセメントから選ばれる1種又は2種以上などが挙げられる。 The cement used in the present invention includes various portland cements defined in JIS R 5210, various mixed cements defined in JIS R 5211, JIS R 5212, and JIS R 5213, and more admixtures defined in JIS. Examples thereof include one or more selected from blast furnace cement, fly ash cement and silica cement manufactured at a mixing rate, filler cement mixed with limestone powder, and alumina cement.
本発明で使用する玄武岩繊維とは、天然の玄武岩を原料とし、高温で溶融紡糸した非晶質の人造鉱物繊維である。玄武岩繊維は、有機繊維に比べ耐熱性に優れ、ガラス繊維やロックウールに比べ耐薬品性に優れ、密度が2.8g/cm3程度であることから、ドライモルタルと同程度であり、均一混合性に優れるという特徴がある。 The basalt fiber used in the present invention is an amorphous artificial mineral fiber made from natural basalt as a raw material and melt-spun at a high temperature. Basalt fiber has better heat resistance than organic fiber, better chemical resistance than glass fiber and rock wool, and has a density of about 2.8 g / cm 3. It is characterized by excellent properties.
本発明で使用する玄武岩繊維の繊維径は、2〜50μmが好ましく、7〜20μmがより好ましい。2μmより小さいと安定的に製造することが困難であり、50μmを超えると初期ひび割れ低減効果が低下する場合がある。また、玄武岩繊維の繊維長は、2〜15mmが好ましく、5〜10mmがより好ましい。2mmより小さいと初期ひび割れ低減効果が小さく、15mmを超えるとドライモルタルに混合したときの分散性が悪くなる場合がある。玄武岩繊維は、溶融紡糸した時の繊維が単独にほぐれた単繊維状態(繊維径としては0.1mm以上となる)ではなく、セメントや砂と混合したときに分散性に支障をきたさない程度の接着力を有する接着剤で繊維径50μm以下の単繊維を束状にした収束タイプのものを使用することが好ましい。適度に接着力のある収束状態にすることで、ドライモルタルと混合したときに簡単にほぐれて均一な混合が可能となる。 2-50 micrometers is preferable and, as for the fiber diameter of the basalt fiber used by this invention, 7-20 micrometers is more preferable. If it is smaller than 2 μm, it is difficult to produce stably, and if it exceeds 50 μm, the effect of reducing initial cracks may be lowered. Moreover, 2-15 mm is preferable and, as for the fiber length of a basalt fiber, 5-10 mm is more preferable. If it is less than 2 mm, the effect of reducing initial cracks is small, and if it exceeds 15 mm, the dispersibility when mixed in dry mortar may deteriorate. The basalt fiber is not a single fiber state in which the fiber when melt-spun is loosened (fiber diameter is 0.1 mm or more), but does not hinder dispersibility when mixed with cement or sand. It is preferable to use a convergence type adhesive having an adhesive force in which single fibers having a fiber diameter of 50 μm or less are bundled. By making it into a convergent state with an appropriate adhesive strength, it can be easily loosened and mixed evenly when mixed with dry mortar.
本発明で使用する玄武岩繊維の使用量は、セメント100部に対して、0.1〜10部が好ましく、0.3〜5部がより好ましい。0.1部未満では、初期ひび割れ低減効果が期待できず、10部を超えると均一な混合ができなくなる場合がある。 0.1-10 parts are preferable with respect to 100 parts of cement, and, as for the usage-amount of the basalt fiber used by this invention, 0.3-5 parts are more preferable. If it is less than 0.1 part, the initial crack reduction effect cannot be expected, and if it exceeds 10 parts, uniform mixing may not be possible.
本発明では、本発明の水硬性材料の性能に影響を与えない範囲内で、各種有機繊維、炭素繊維、鋼繊維などの玄武岩繊維以外の繊維を併用して使用することも可能である。 In the present invention, fibers other than basalt fibers such as various organic fibers, carbon fibers, and steel fibers can be used in combination as long as the performance of the hydraulic material of the present invention is not affected.
本発明で使用する骨材とは、通常の砂、砂利の他に、例えば、ケイ砂系や石灰石系などの天然骨材、高炉水砕スラグ系、高炉徐冷スラグ系、再生骨材系などの人工骨材が挙げられる。耐酸性などの観点からは、ケイ砂系を選定することが好ましい。また、比重3.0g/cm3以上の重量骨材を使用することもでき、その具体例としては、例えば、人工骨材として、電気炉酸化期スラグ系骨材や、フェロニッケルスラグ、フェロクロムスラグ、銅スラグ、亜鉛スラグおよび鉛スラグなどを総称する非鉄精錬スラグ骨材などが、また、天然骨材としては、橄欖岩(かんらん岩)系骨材、いわゆるオリビンサンドや、エメリー鉱などが挙げられる。本発明では、これらの1種または2種以上を併用できる。 In addition to normal sand and gravel, the aggregate used in the present invention is, for example, natural aggregate such as silica sand or limestone, blast furnace granulated slag system, blast furnace slow-cooled slag system, recycled aggregate system, etc. Of artificial aggregate. From the viewpoint of acid resistance and the like, it is preferable to select a silica sand system. In addition, a heavy aggregate having a specific gravity of 3.0 g / cm 3 or more can be used, and specific examples thereof include, for example, an electric furnace oxidation period slag-based aggregate, ferronickel slag, ferrochrome slag as an artificial aggregate. Non-ferrous smelted aggregates such as copper slag, zinc slag, lead slag, etc., and natural aggregates include peridotite aggregates, so-called olivine sand, emery ore, etc. It is done. In this invention, these 1 type (s) or 2 or more types can be used together.
本発明の水硬性材料は、水を加えて練り混ぜて使用するものであり、使用する水の量は、特に限定されるものではないが、セメント100部に対して、通常、30〜60部が好ましい。 The hydraulic material of the present invention is used by adding water and kneading, and the amount of water to be used is not particularly limited, but is usually 30 to 60 parts with respect to 100 parts of cement. Is preferred.
本発明の水硬性材料の初期ひび割れ抵抗性に影響を与えない範囲で、一般に使用される減水剤、AE減水剤、高性能AE減水剤、流動化剤、セメント混和用ポリマーディスパージョン、消泡剤、防錆剤、防凍剤、増粘剤、抗菌剤などの各種セメント混和剤や、シリカフューム、フライアッシュ、スラグ、粘土鉱物などの無機粉末を併用することができる。 Water-reducing agent, AE water-reducing agent, high-performance AE water-reducing agent, fluidizing agent, polymer dispersion for cement admixture, antifoaming agent generally used within the range not affecting the initial crack resistance of the hydraulic material of the present invention In addition, various cement admixtures such as rust preventives, antifreezes, thickeners and antibacterial agents, and inorganic powders such as silica fume, fly ash, slag and clay minerals can be used in combination.
本発明の水硬性材料は、主に土木及び建築分野において使用されるものであるが、特に、乾燥の影響を受けやすい部位へ適用しても初期ひび割れが抑制されるので、例えば、建築物の外壁、鉄道や道路の橋梁、トンネルなどの補修材としての適用が好ましい。補修方法としては、例えば、コンクリートの劣化した箇所をはつり取った後、断面修復する工事が挙げられる。この工事では、通常、コテ塗り工法、吹付け工法、グラウト工法などの方法で施工することができ、いずれの工法でも本発明の水硬性材料は適用できる。 The hydraulic material of the present invention is mainly used in the civil engineering and construction fields, but particularly when it is applied to a part that is susceptible to drying, initial cracking is suppressed. Application as a repair material for outer walls, railway and road bridges, tunnels, etc. is preferred. As a repair method, for example, a construction for repairing a cross section after picking up a deteriorated portion of concrete may be mentioned. In this construction, construction can be usually performed by a method such as a trowel coating method, a spraying construction method, or a grout construction method, and the hydraulic material of the present invention can be applied to any construction method.
玄武岩繊維と骨材(砂)をセメント100部に対して表1に示す割合でドライ混合したときの繊維の分散性について評価した。なお、比較のためにビニロン繊維についても同様に行った。結果を表1に示す。 The dispersibility of the fiber was evaluated when dry mixing basalt fiber and aggregate (sand) at a ratio shown in Table 1 with respect to 100 parts of cement. For comparison, the same was done for vinylon fibers. The results are shown in Table 1.
(使用材料)
セメント:普通ポルトランドセメント、電気化学工業社製
骨材:新潟県青海産石灰砂、最大粒径1.0mm
玄武岩繊維:繊維径10μm、繊維長6mm、収束タイプ、天然の玄武岩を高温で溶融紡糸した非晶質の人造鉱物繊維、市販品
ビニロン繊維:繊維径14μm、繊維長6mm、収束タイプ、市販品
(Materials used)
Cement: Ordinary Portland cement, Aggregate made by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd .: Niigata Aomi lime sand, maximum particle size 1.0mm
Basalt fiber: fiber diameter 10 μm, fiber length 6 mm, convergence type, amorphous artificial mineral fiber obtained by melt spinning natural basalt at high temperature, commercially available vinylon fiber: fiber diameter 14 μm, fiber length 6 mm, convergence type, commercial product
(試験方法)
分散性:容量50リットルの傾胴ミキサーにセメント10kgを投入し、骨材(砂)と玄武岩繊維を表1に示す量(セメント100部に対しての部)を加え、15分間攪拌した。得られたドライ混合物を1m2の正方形容器に移し、同じ面積になるように9分割した。各分割した部分から500gサンプリングし、2.5mmの篩でドライ混合物を篩い、篩に残った玄武岩繊維の質量を計測し、その平均値と標準偏差から変動係数を算出し分散性を評価した。
外観:混合物を正方形容器に移したときに目視観察し、ファイバーボール(繊維が絡まって球状の固まりになったもの)などの有無を確認した。
(Test method)
Dispersibility: 10 kg of cement was put into a tilting mixer having a capacity of 50 liters, and aggregates (sand) and basalt fibers in the amounts shown in Table 1 (parts relative to 100 parts of cement) were added and stirred for 15 minutes. The obtained dry mixture was transferred to a 1 m 2 square container and divided into 9 parts so as to have the same area. 500 g was sampled from each divided part, the dry mixture was sieved with a 2.5 mm sieve, the mass of the basalt fiber remaining on the sieve was measured, the coefficient of variation was calculated from the average value and the standard deviation, and the dispersibility was evaluated.
Appearance: When the mixture was transferred to a square container, it was visually observed to confirm the presence or absence of fiber balls (fibers entangled into a spherical mass).
表1より、本発明の水硬性材料は、セメント、骨材(砂)、玄武岩繊維をドライモルタルとして混合したときファイバーボールが無く、分散性が良いことが分かる。 From Table 1, it can be seen that the hydraulic material of the present invention has no fiber ball when cement, aggregate (sand), and basalt fiber are mixed as dry mortar and has good dispersibility.
セメントの物理試験方法(JIS R 5201)に示されているモルタル配合に準じ、セメント100部に対して、実施例1で使用した玄武岩繊維またはビニロン繊維を表2に示すように加えて練混ぜ、横30cm×縦30cm×厚さ6cmのコンクリート平板に厚み1cmとなるように打設した。打設完了した試験体は、湿度60%、温度5℃の環境下において、送風機で風速1〜3mの風を当てた状態で1日後のひび割れ状況を確認した。結果を表2に示す。 According to the mortar formulation shown in the physical test method of cement (JIS R 5201), basalt fibers or vinylon fibers used in Example 1 were added to and mixed with 100 parts of cement as shown in Table 2, A concrete flat plate having a width of 30 cm, a length of 30 cm and a thickness of 6 cm was placed so as to have a thickness of 1 cm. The test specimen that had been placed was checked for cracking after one day in a state of 60% humidity and a temperature of 5 ° C. with a wind of 1 to 3 m applied by a blower. The results are shown in Table 2.
(モルタルの使用材料と配合)
セメント:普通ポルトランドセメント、電気化学工業社製
骨材:標準砂
水:水道水
セメント:砂:水=1:3:0.5(質量比)
(Mortar materials and ingredients)
Cement: Ordinary Portland cement, Aggregate manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd .: Standard sand water: Tap water Cement: Sand: Water = 1: 3: 0.5 (mass ratio)
(試験方法)
全ひび割れ長さ:発生したひび割れに沿って長さを計測した。
(Test method)
Total crack length: The length was measured along the generated crack.
表2より、本発明の水硬性材料は、初期ひび割れ抵抗性が高いことが分かる。 From Table 2, it can be seen that the hydraulic material of the present invention has high initial crack resistance.
セメントをアルミナセメントに変えたこと以外は実施例2と同様に行った。結果を表3に示す。 The same procedure as in Example 2 was performed except that the cement was changed to alumina cement. The results are shown in Table 3.
(使用材料)
セメント:アルミナセメント1号、電気化学工業社製
(Materials used)
Cement: Alumina cement No. 1, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.
表3より、本発明の水硬性材料は、初期ひび割れ抵抗性が高いことが分かる。 From Table 3, it can be seen that the hydraulic material of the present invention has high initial crack resistance.
本発明によれば、ドライモルタルに混合したときの分散性が良く、初期ひび割れ抵抗性が高い水硬性材料が得られる。また、本発明の水硬性材料をコンクリートの補修分野などに幅広く適用できる。 According to the present invention, a hydraulic material having good dispersibility when mixed with dry mortar and high initial crack resistance can be obtained. Moreover, the hydraulic material of the present invention can be widely applied to the concrete repair field and the like.
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WO2019156214A1 (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2019-08-15 | 新日本繊維株式会社 | Fiber-reinforced concrete, and mortar |
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JP2001508389A (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 2001-06-26 | ジェンナディ・パンテレイモノヴィッチ・ドマノフ | Method for producing basaltic fiber and apparatus for carrying out the method |
JPH10183473A (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 1998-07-14 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Bundled yarn |
JP2000034147A (en) * | 1998-07-17 | 2000-02-02 | Daiwabo Co Ltd | Bundled fiber for reinforcing cement |
JP2004360136A (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2004-12-24 | Unitika Ltd | Staple fiber for reinforcement having excellent loosening property |
JP2005082434A (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2005-03-31 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Repair mortar |
JP2005273388A (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-06 | Kanazawa Inst Of Technology | Concrete segment |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2019156214A1 (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2019-08-15 | 新日本繊維株式会社 | Fiber-reinforced concrete, and mortar |
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