JP2007284973A - Brick-stacked building - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To impart earthquake resistance particularly to a wall part of a brick-stacked building 1. <P>SOLUTION: In this wooden building 1, a wall 3 is composed of a wall structural material 5, a plurality of vertical reinforcements 9 erected on a foundation 13 at an interval on the outside of the wall structural material 5, a sheet-like brick body 7 fixing the lowest stage brick 8 to the foundation 13, inserting the vertical reinforcements 9 and formed by stacking a large number of bricks 8 including the brick 8, a plurality of bracing metal fittings 15 fixed to a proper place of the wall structural material 5, and a plurality of horizontal reinforcements 11 supported by the bracing metal fittings 15. The horizontal reinforcement 11 are linked and arranged outside the vertical reinforcements 9. A ventilation layer 19 composed of a specific clearance is arranged between the wall structural material 5 and the sheet-like brick body 7. The ventilation layer 19 is communicated with an underfloor space 22 arranged between the foundation 13 and a first story floor 23. Outside air is made flow to the ventilation layer 19 and the underfloor space 22. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a wooden building using bricks, and more particularly to a brick building having an improved outer wall portion.

  Brick buildings are said to be cool in the summer and warm in the winter, and appear to be suitable for a comfortable living environment.

  In addition, bricks have become popular in foreign countries because their texture and color do not fade after many years, and a profound feeling and atmosphere are created.

  By the way, when a brick is constructed on the outer wall of a wooden building, conventionally, as shown in FIG. 8, the brick 108 is sliced thinly, and the sliced brick 108 is pressure-bonded to the structural plywood 105 constituting the wall 103. In the figure, 108a is mortar.

  However, in earthquake-prone countries like Japan, it is a fact that brick buildings with such a structure are not popular because of the problem of earthquake resistance.

  The reason for this is that the brick wall 103 bears the entire load of the brick 108 to be stacked in the brick building having such a structure, and the wooden wall 103 is subjected to the outward and vertical directions by the load of the brick 108 to be stacked. Therefore, it is considered that the mortar 108a is peeled off due to shaking or vibration during an earthquake, or the wooden wall 103 is peeled off together with the mortar 108a, thereby causing the brick 108 to collapse.

  Conventionally, since the wooden wall 103 and the brick 108 are directly attached by the mortar 108a, it is difficult to dry the wooden wall 103. Therefore, the wooden wall 103 is easily decayed. If the wooden wall 103 decays, the bricks 108 are easily collapsed along with the wall surfaces due to shaking and vibration during an earthquake.

Therefore, a brick building listed in Patent Document 1 has been proposed.
Japanese Patent No. 3686346

  This is an external heat insulating structure in which a heat insulating material is provided between a brick outer wall and a pillar, a gap is provided between the heat insulating material and the brick outer wall, and the heat insulating material is fixed to the pillar, and its construction method. is there.

  However, in the building of Patent Document 1, the plate-like material is erected up to the upper surface of the solid foundation to provide the gap, and the pressure-resistant platen portion of the solid foundation is raised to the position of the base so that there is no underfloor space. For this reason, the water | moisture content generate | occur | produced from the concrete of a solid foundation will come out only to the indoor side under the influence of a heat insulating material, and will cause the finishing materials, such as a foundation and a flooring, to rot.

  Further, since the heat insulating material of the wall is an outer heat insulating method in which the heat insulating material is located on the outdoor side, the metal fitting for fixing the heat insulating material penetrates the heat insulating material, and the metal fitting is directly fixed to the pillar on the indoor side. For this reason, not only the heat insulating material in the portion through which the metal fitting is penetrated but also a so-called thermal bridge phenomenon (heat bridge) in which external heat is conducted through the metal fitting is generated, thereby Condensation occurs and causes wood to decay. Since this dew condensation occurs within the wall, discovery may be delayed. In this case, decay will worsen, and this will affect the durability and earthquake resistance of the building.

  Therefore, a problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a brick building in which a wall surface made of bricks does not collapse due to shaking or vibration during an earthquake.

  Moreover, the other subject of this invention is drying the wall structure material which comprises a wall surface, and preventing decay, and also exists in providing an earthquake resistance to a brick building.

In order to achieve the above object, a brick building according to the present invention comprises a wall structure material constituting a wall and a plurality of vertical bars erected on the foundation with a space outside the wall structure material. And a planar brick body formed by stacking a number of bricks including the brick through which the vertical streaks are fixed and the bottom brick is fixed to the foundation, and a plurality of bars fixed to appropriate portions of the wall structure material. And a plurality of horizontal bars supported by the bar metal, the horizontal bars being arranged in linkage with the outside of the vertical bars, and having a certain gap between the wall structural member and the planar brick body. The air-permeable layer is provided, and the air-permeable layer is communicated with an underfloor space provided between the foundation and the first floor, so that outside air is circulated through the air-permeable layer and the underfloor space.
The brick building according to claim 1 is characterized in that an underfloor vent is provided at a rising portion of the foundation, and an opening is provided in a planar brick body corresponding to the underfloor vent.
The brick building according to claim 1 is characterized in that the wall structure material incorporates a heat insulating material.
The brick building according to claim 1, wherein a ventilating slit is provided in a part of the joint of the planar brick body.
The brick building according to claim 4, wherein the ventilation slit is formed in a part of the vertical joint.
The brick building according to claim 5 is characterized in that the ventilation slit is provided in a vertical joint on the second stage from the bottom.
The brick building according to claim 6 is characterized in that the ventilation slits are provided in every other vertical joint.
The brick building according to claim 1 is characterized in that the horizontal bars and the metal fittings are embedded in joints of the planar brick body.

  When a force is applied in the horizontal direction due to shaking or vibration during an earthquake, the vertical brick in the planar brick body is restrained by the horizontal stripes, so that the outward movement is restricted. The horizontal streaks are sandwiched by a metal fitting fixed to the wall structure material, and the planar brick body and the wall structure material are integrated. For this reason, the movement of the horizontal stripe is transmitted to the wall structure material, and the planar brick body shakes in the same direction as the wall structure material. Therefore, since the entire building is supported for shaking and vibration during an earthquake, it is possible to prevent the bricks on the wall from collapsing.

  In addition, a ventilation layer having a certain gap is provided between the wall structure material and the planar brick body, and the ventilation layer is communicated with an underfloor space provided between the foundation and the first floor, so that the outside air is In order to circulate through the ventilation layer and the underfloor space, the wall structure material is always in a dry state. Therefore, since the wall structure material is prevented from decaying, the planar brick body supported by the wall structure material can be prevented from collapsing, and a brick building having earthquake resistance can be obtained.

  Next, the brickwork building by this invention is demonstrated in more detail based on drawing which shows embodiment. For convenience, portions having the same function are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  1 to 6 show a case where a brick building 1 according to the present invention is applied to a wooden building. A wooden building is a building whose main parts in terms of structural strength such as pillars, beams, walls and floors are wooden. Reference numeral 1 denotes a brick building, and 3 denotes a wall portion. The wall structural member 5 constituting the wall 3 includes a structural plywood 5a having a predetermined thickness (for example, 12.5 mm thick), a gypsum board 5b, a vertical frame 5c having a predetermined width (for example, 89 mm width), and the vertical frame 5c. The upper frame (not shown) and the lower frame 5f (shown in FIG. 4) are connected to each other, and the vertical frames 5c are arranged at appropriate intervals to connect and fix the upper frame and the lower frame 5f. A moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 5d is attached to the outer surface of the structural plywood 5a. Further, a moisture-proof and airtight film 5g is placed on the outer surface of the gypsum board 5b, and a heat insulating material 5e made of hard urethane foam or high-performance glass wool is provided between the adjacent vertical frames 5c in order to further improve airtightness and heat insulation. Provide.

  Reference numeral 7 denotes a planar brick body constituting the wall 3. The planar brick body 7 is formed by stacking a large number of bricks 8 having a predetermined thickness, for example, 70 mm, in a predetermined manner, and has a large number of vertical bars 9 and a large number of horizontal bars 11 therein. The vertical bars 9 are erected on a foundation 13 made of concrete with an appropriate interval. Each of the vertical bars 9 bends the lower end portion 9a into an L shape to prevent detachment from the foundation 13, and is inserted through the hole 8a of the brick 8 constituting the planar brick body 7 from the upper end. In the illustrated example, the bricks 8 constituting the planar brick body 7 are stacked so that the horizontal joints 17 and the vertical joints 18 become horseshoe joints.

  Reference numeral 15 denotes a metal fitting fixed to the wall structural member 5. The bar bracket 15 is configured to fix and fix the bricks 8 in rows at predetermined steps, for example, every five steps, at a portion where the vertical frame 5c of the structural plywood 5a is disposed. The horizontal stripes 11 are placed and clamped between the metal bars 15 in the horizontal direction. As shown optimally in FIG. 2, the horizontal stripes 11 are disposed outside the vertical stripes 9 so that the vertical stripes 9 are in contact with the horizontal stripes 11. 11 is assembled to connect and link in a grid pattern. Each horizontal streak 11 is embedded in a horizontal joint 17 made of mortar of the planar brick body 7. In the case of this embodiment, the blending ratio of the mortar constituting each joint 17 and 18 is the ratio of sand 7, cement 2 and lime 1.

  Reference numeral 19 denotes a ventilation layer provided between the wall structural member 5 and the planar brick body 7. The ventilation layer 19 adjusts the layer thickness by appropriately restricting the degree of protrusion of the latch 15. In this example, the thickness of the ventilation layer 19 is 30 mm. Reference numeral 21 denotes a ventilation slit, which is provided by cutting out every second vertical joint 18 constituting the planar brick body 7 from the bottom.

Reference numeral 22 denotes an underfloor space, which is a space provided between the foundation 13 and the first floor 23 made of structural plywood and appropriate decorative material. The underfloor space 22 communicates with the ventilation layer 19 through an underfloor ventilation port 24 provided in the rising portion 14 of the foundation 13. The underfloor ventilation port 24 is composed of an opening provided in the rising portion 14, and the opening is provided with a mesh-like opening portion 24a on the surface on the ventilation layer 19 side, and a wire (not shown) is vertically inserted on the opposite surface. It is equipped with an underfloor ventilation box. Reference numeral 25 denotes an opening provided in the planar brick body 7, which is provided by cutting out the second and third steps of bricks by the width of the adjacent ventilation slit 21. Reference numeral 25a denotes an inclined portion provided in the opening 25, and the brick 8 is formed to be inclined. The opening 25 is provided at a site corresponding to the underfloor ventilation port 24.
In the figure, 26 is a floor joist that supports the first floor 23, 27 is a base that is fixed on the foundation 13 and supports the floor joist 25, and 28 is a chestnut that is laid on the ground.

  The production of the wall 3 will be described with reference to FIG. In the foundation work, the vertical bars 9 are erected on the foundation 13 in a state of projecting from above the foundation concrete. On the other hand, a wooden wall is made of each material constituting the wall structural member 5. A large number of bricks 8 are stacked in a predetermined manner while the vertical bars 9 are inserted through the holes 8a of the bricks 8 constituting the planar brick body 7. Each brick 8 is bonded by a horizontal joint 17 and a vertical joint 18 made of mortar. At this time, with respect to the vertical joint 18 in the second step from the bottom, as shown in FIG.

  When the bricks 8 are stacked, the latch 15 is attached to the wall structure material 5 having a height corresponding to the fifth level when the bricks 8 are stacked at a predetermined level, for example, five levels. After the bar clamps 15 are mounted in a row in the horizontal direction, the horizontal bars 11 are placed on the series of the bar clamps 15, the protruding end portions 15 a of the bar clamps 15 are bent, and the horizontal bars 11 are clamped. As a result, the transverse bars 11 are supported by a series of latches 15. FIG. 2 shows such a state. Next, the next group of bricks 8 are stacked in five stages, and the above-described series of steps is repeated. 1 and 5 show the brick building 1 thus completed.

  When a force is applied in the horizontal direction due to shaking or vibration during an earthquake, the planar brick body 7 is shaken in the same direction as the wall structure material 5, so that collapse is prevented. This is because the planar brick body 7 is linked in a lattice shape by the vertical bars 9 and the horizontal bars 11 and is supported in a planar shape, and the wall structure material 5 and the planar brick body 7 are integrated. This is because it is supported by the foundation, and there is a gap called a ventilation layer 19 between the wall structural member 5 and the planar brick body 7, and the above three points are organically related as follows.

  That is, when a force is applied in the horizontal direction due to shaking or vibration during an earthquake, the vertical brick 9 in the planar brick body 7 is restricted from moving outward by the horizontal stripes 11, and the horizontal stripes 11 are the wall structural members 5. Accordingly, the planar brick body 7 and the wall structure material 5 are integrated with each other, so that the planar brick body 7 is shaken in the same direction as the wall structure material 5 at the time of the earthquake. Because the entire building is supported for shaking and vibration, the bricks on the wall are prevented from collapsing.

  In addition, the wall structure material 5 is dried to prevent decay. This point will be described with reference to FIGS. Since the underfloor ventilation port 24 and the ventilation slit 21 are provided in the lower part of the planar brick body 7, the outside air A0 indicated by the arrow flows from the underfloor ventilation port 24 and the ventilation slit 21. This outside air A0 flows from the ventilation layer 19 provided between the wall structural member 5 and the planar brick body 7 through the underfloor vent 24 into the underfloor space 22 as indicated by the arrow A1, and a part of the outside air A0 Go up as shown by A2. A part of the outside air A0 flowing into the underfloor space 22 flows out from the opposite underfloor ventilation port 24 as shown by an arrow A3, and the other part moves up the ventilation layer 19 as shown by an arrow A4. To do. The uplifted outside air A2 and A4 further branches into two branches from the connecting portion with the roof, one flows out from the top of the roof through the attic 29 as indicated by arrows A21 and A41, and the other As shown by the arrows A22 and A42, it flows out from the eaves back 31 to the outdoors. The same applies to the outside air B0 flowing from the right side of FIGS. In the above air flow, the outside air A0, B0 flowing from the underfloor ventilation port 24 often flows out from the opposite underfloor ventilation port 24, and the outside air A0, B0 flowing from the ventilation slit 21 is indicated by the arrow A2 or As shown by the arrow A4, it often goes up through the ventilation layer 19. As described above, the circulation of the outside air A0 and B0 in the ventilation layer 19 inside the wall 3 is always performed, so that the wall structure material 5 is always in a dry state.

This point will be described based on the relationship with heat conduction. In the present invention, an inner heat insulating method is employed, and the heat insulating material 5e is located between the structural plywood 5a and the gypsum board 5b between the vertical frames 5c, that is, inside the wall structural material 5. For this reason, as best shown in FIG. 3, the fixture 16 for attaching the clasp 15 does not penetrate the heat insulating material 5e. Therefore, there is no occurrence of a thermal bridge phenomenon in which external heat is conducted through the metal fitting 15. In winter, the inside of the building is often hot and humid compared to the outside, but even in such a case, there is no thermal bridge phenomenon, so no condensation occurs.
In the summer, the inside of the building is often cooled compared to the outside by using a cooler, but even in this case, there is no thermal bridge phenomenon, so no condensation (so-called summer condensation) occurs. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the decay of the wood such as the wall structure material 5 due to condensation, the detachment of the latch 15 derived from the decay of the wood, the falling off of the wall structure material 5 and the bricks 8 to 7 based on this. Prevent collapse. Therefore, it can be set as a brick building with earthquake resistance.

  In the present invention, since the ventilation layer 19 communicates with the underfloor space 22, moisture from the foundation 13 flowing into the underfloor space 22 flows out from the underfloor ventilation port 24 on the opposite side, and through the ventilation layer 19. Then, it flows out from the attic 29 and the eaves 31 to the outside. Therefore, the underfloor space 22 is naturally ventilated, preventing the occurrence of condensation on the base 27 and the floor joists 26 and preventing the decay of wood.

  The above will be further described from another viewpoint. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the ventilation layer 19 formed between the wall structural member 5 and the planar brick body 7 communicates with the underfloor space 22, so that the thermal bridge phenomenon is caused by the presence of these air layers. There is no room to produce. Moreover, in the building 1, both the wall portion is insulated by the heat insulating material 5e and the first floor 23 and the ceiling 32 portion are insulated by the other heat insulating material (not shown) by the internal heat insulating method. For this reason, since the whole building is heat-shielded by covering with the heat insulating material, the conduction of external heat is prevented in the whole building. In addition, the moisture generated from the foundation 13 is in the underfloor space 22, and this moisture flows out to the outside on the above-described flow of outside air and does not come out indoors. This also prevents the timber portion from decaying, and prevents the metal brace 15 from detaching, the wall structure material 5 from falling off, and the bricks 8 to the planar brick body 7 from collapsing due to this.

  In the above-described embodiment, since every other ventilation slit 21 is provided, it is possible to simultaneously achieve the problems that are inherently difficult to achieve, such as securing a sufficient amount of ventilation and the stability of fixing the planar brick body 7. it can. This point will be described in detail with reference to FIG. The brick 81 is fixed to the brick 82 by the vertical joint 18 a, and the brick 82 is fixed to the vertical stripe 91. The brick 83 adjacent to the brick 82 through the ventilation slit 21a is fixed to the brick 84 at the vertical joint 18b, and the brick 84 is fixed to the vertical stripe 92. The brick 85 adjacent to the brick 84 through the ventilation slit 21 b is fixed to the brick 86 with the vertical joint 18 c, and the brick 86 is fixed to the vertical stripe 93. The brick 87 adjacent to the brick 86 through the ventilation slit 21c is fixed to the brick 88 with a vertical joint 18d, and the brick 88 is fixed to the vertical stripe 94. The adhering of the bricks 89 and lower adjacent to the brick 88 through the ventilation slit 21d is the same as described above. The group of bricks 8 belonging to the same row are provided with the ventilation slits 21 in every other vertical joint 18 as described above, so that even if the ventilation slits 21 as ventilation holes are provided, they are substantially divided. It is tightly connected without any problems. Therefore, it is possible to secure the fixation of the planar brick body 7 and secure a sufficient air flow, so that the brick 8 is prevented from falling off in the event of a shake or vibration during an earthquake, and the planar brick body 7 is prevented from collapsing. Is prevented.

  In addition, since the inner heat insulating method is employed, the thickness of the heat insulating material 5e can be freely adjusted, thereby making it less susceptible to the influence of the outside air temperature.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, since the brick 8 is piled up by a tread, the load of a brick is distributed and it is set as the structure which is hard to collapse by this.

  Furthermore, since an air layer called the air-permeable layer 19 is interposed, it is hardly affected by the outside air temperature and has an effect of further improving sound insulation. Therefore, the outside air temperature blocking property and the sound insulating property that the brick 8 originally has can be more effectively exhibited.

  The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above. For example, the method of stacking bricks is arbitrary as long as the vertical bars 9 and the horizontal bars 11 can be embedded.

  Further, the number of the vertical bars 9, the horizontal bars 11, and the metal bars 15 is arbitrary.

  Moreover, if the installation site | part of the slit 21 for ventilation | gas_flowing is the lower part of the planar brick body 7, it is arbitrary.

  The constituent material of the wall structural member 5 is arbitrary as long as it is a wooden wall.

   Also, the material of the heat insulating material 5e can be made appropriate.

  In addition, regarding the constituent material of the wall structural member 5, the brick 8 constituting the planar brick body 7, and the ventilation layer 19, the various numerical values described in the above embodiments should be understood as examples and can be changed as appropriate.

  The present invention can be used as a brick building.

It is a front view which shows embodiment of the brickwork building by this invention. (A) is a perspective view of FIG. 1 II part, (B) is the B section end view of (A). FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along III-III. FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV. (A) is a partially omitted side cross-sectional view of FIG. 1V section view, (B) is a B section arrow view of (A). (A) is a partially omitted side cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 VI section view, and (B) is a B section arrow view of (A). It is a perspective view which shows embodiment of the brickwork building by this invention, It uses in order to demonstrate an effect | action. It is a figure which shows an example of the conventional brick masonry building, and is a principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Brick masonry building 3 Wall 5 Wall structural material 5a Structural plywood 5b Gypsum board 5c Vertical frame 5d Waterproof sheet 5e Thermal insulation 5f Bottom frame 5g Moisture-proof airtight film 7 Plane brick body 8 Brick 8a Hole 9 Vertical bar 9a Lower end DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Horizontal bar 13 Base 14 Standing part 15 Bracket 15a Projection end part 16 Fixing tool 17 Horizontal joint 18 Vertical joint 19 Ventilation layer 21 Ventilation slit 22 Underfloor space 23 First floor 24 Underfloor ventilation opening 24a Mesh opening 25 Opening 25a Slope 26 Floor Neta 27 Base 28 Kuriishi 29 Attic 31 Eaves 32 Ceiling

Claims (8)

  In a wooden building, a wall structure material that constitutes a wall, a plurality of vertical bars standing on the foundation with an interval outside the wall structure material, and the bottom brick are fixed to the foundation and the vertical A planar brick body formed by stacking a large number of bricks including a brick through which a line is inserted, a plurality of bar clamps fixed to appropriate portions of the wall structure material, and a plurality of horizontal bars supported by the bar bracket The horizontal stripes are arranged to be linked to the outside of the vertical stripes, and a ventilation layer having a certain gap is provided between the wall structure material and the planar brick body. A brick building, characterized in that it communicates with an underfloor space provided between the floor and the outside air to circulate through the ventilation layer and the underfloor space.   2. The brick building according to claim 1, wherein an underfloor ventilation opening is provided at a rising portion of the foundation, and an opening is provided in a planar brick body corresponding to the underfloor ventilation opening.   2. The brick building according to claim 1, wherein the wall structure material incorporates a heat insulating material.   The brick building according to claim 1, wherein a ventilation slit is provided in a part of the joint of the planar brick body.   5. The brick building according to claim 4, wherein the ventilation slit is formed in a part of a vertical joint.   6. The brick building according to claim 5, wherein the ventilation slit is provided in a vertical joint on the second stage from the bottom.   The brick building according to claim 6, wherein the ventilation slit is provided in every other vertical joint. 2. The brick building according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal bars and the metal fittings are embedded in joints of the planar brick body. 3.

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