JP2007283287A5 - - Google Patents
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- JP2007283287A5 JP2007283287A5 JP2007017496A JP2007017496A JP2007283287A5 JP 2007283287 A5 JP2007283287 A5 JP 2007283287A5 JP 2007017496 A JP2007017496 A JP 2007017496A JP 2007017496 A JP2007017496 A JP 2007017496A JP 2007283287 A5 JP2007283287 A5 JP 2007283287A5
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- separation membrane
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- separation
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003288 polysulfone Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002496 poly(ether sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000122 Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- BXKDSDJJOVIHMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N edrophonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 BXKDSDJJOVIHMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001818 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010989 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- MUHFRORXWCGZGE-KTKRTIGZSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO MUHFRORXWCGZGE-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycol stearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 Latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 Polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-CTQIIAAMSA-N Sorbitan Chemical compound OCC(O)C1OCC(O)[C@@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-CTQIIAAMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000249 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010483 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001612 separation test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Description
この分離膜において、多孔質ポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂層は分離機能層として作用するが、そのような平膜においては、他の形態の分離膜、たとえば中空糸膜にくらべて単体体積あたりの有効膜面積を大きくとることが困難であるため、ろ過対象に応じた細孔径を保ちつつ透水量を多くすることが要求されている。しかるに、透水量を大きくしようとすると、細孔径が大きくなりすぎたり、表面に亀裂が入ったりして阻止率が低下する。一方、阻止率を上げようとして細孔径を小さくすると、今度は透水性が低下してしまう。すなわち、阻止率の向上と透水性の向上とは相反する関係にあり、両者のバランスよく整えることはなかなか難しい。
In this separation membrane, the porous polyvinylidene fluoride resin layer acts as a separation functional layer, but in such a flat membrane, the effective membrane area per unit volume compared to other forms of separation membrane, for example, hollow fiber membranes Therefore, it is required to increase the water permeation amount while maintaining the pore diameter corresponding to the filtration target. However, if you try to increase the amount of water permeation, or too large pore size, the blocking rate or cracked on the surface decreases. On the other hand, if the pore diameter is reduced in order to increase the blocking rate, the water permeability will be lowered. In other words, the improvement in the rejection rate and the improvement in water permeability are in a contradictory relationship, and it is difficult to make a good balance between the two.
さらに、特許文献３には、分離膜と支持基材枠との物理的接合方法として、重ね合わせた各樹脂材料の接合部に対して局部加熱や超音波又は高周波数の光の照射を行い、各樹脂部材の界面を溶融させて溶着させる方法が提案されている。この物理的接合方法で採用している局部加熱や超音波又は高周波の照射は、その加熱や照射により生じる熱や振動によって膜シートやフィルタへの損傷が拡大し易いという不利益があり、その上、溶着による斑が生じるため、接合部からリークが起こる可能性が高いという問題点もある。
Further, Patent Document 3, as a physical method of joining the separation membrane and the supporting substrate frame performs irradiation of local heating or an ultrasonic or high frequency of light to the junction of each resin material superimposed A method of melting and welding the interfaces of the resin members has been proposed. The local heating and ultrasonic or high-frequency irradiation employed in this physical bonding method has the disadvantage that damage to the membrane sheet and filter is likely to be expanded by the heat and vibration generated by the heating and irradiation. Further, since spots due to welding occur, there is also a problem that there is a high possibility of leakage from the joint.
製膜原液に多孔質形成を促進する作用を持つ開孔剤を加える場合、その開孔剤は、凝固液によって抽出可能なものであればよく、凝固液への溶解性の高いものが好ましい。たとえば、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコールなどのポリオキシアルキレン類や、ポリビニールアルコール、ポリビニールブチラール、ポルアクリル酸などの水溶性高分子やグリセリンを用いることもできる。
In the case of adding a pore-opening agent having an action of promoting porous formation to the film-forming stock solution, the pore-opening agent may be any one that can be extracted by the coagulation liquid, and preferably has high solubility in the coagulation liquid. For example, polyethylene glycol, or polyoxyalkylenes, such as polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, also possible to use water-soluble high molecules and glycerol such as Pol acrylic acid.
中でも、ポリオキシアルキレン構造、脂肪酸エステル構造及び水酸基の全てを含有している界面活性剤が特に好ましく用いられ、たとえば、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステルとして、モノステアリン酸ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレンヤシ油脂肪酸ソルビタン、モノオレイン酸ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン、モノラウリン酸ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン、モノパルミチン酸ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレン脂肪酸エステルとして、モノステアリン酸ポリエチレングリコール、モノオレイン酸ポリエチレングリコール、モノラウリン酸ポリエチレングリコールを挙げることができる。これらの界面活性剤は、多孔質層に残存し乾燥させても透水性、阻止性が低下しないという特徴を併せ持つので好ましい。
Of these, surfactants containing all of the polyoxyalkylene structure, fatty acid ester structure and hydroxyl group are particularly preferably used. For example, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester includes polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene palm Oil fatty acid sorbitan, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, polyethylene glycol monostearate, polyethylene glycol monooleate, polyethylene glycol monolaurate Can be mentioned. These surfactants, water permeability also be remaining in the porous layer dried, blocking resistance is preferred because both the feature that does not decrease.
製膜原液の組成において、ポリフッ化ビニリデン系と他の有機樹脂からなるブレンド樹脂は５重量％〜３０重量％、開孔剤は０．１重量％〜１５重量％、溶媒は４５重量％〜９４．８重量％、非溶媒は０．１重量％〜１０重量％範囲内であることが好ましい。中でも、ポリフッ化ビニリデン系ブレンド樹脂は、極端に少ないと多孔質層の強度が低くなり、多すぎると透水性が低下することがあるので、８重量％〜２０重量％の範囲がより好ましい。開孔剤は、少なすぎると透水性が低下し、多すぎると多孔質層の強度が低下することがある。また、極端に多いとポリフッ化ビニリデン系ブレンド樹脂中に過剰に残存して使用中に溶出し、透過水の水質が悪化したり、透水性が変動したりすることがある。したがって、より好ましい範囲は、０．５重量％〜１０重量％である。さらに、溶媒は少なすぎると原液がゲル化しやすくなり、多すぎると多孔質層の強度が低下することので、より好ましくは６０重量％〜９０重量％の範囲である。また、非溶媒は、あまり多いと原液のゲル化が起こりやすくなり、極端に少ないと細孔やマクロボイドの大きさの制御が難しくなる。したがって、より好ましくは０．５重量％〜５重量％である。
In the composition of the film forming stock solution, the blended resin composed of polyvinylidene fluoride and other organic resins is 5 to 30% by weight, the pore-opening agent is 0.1 to 15% by weight, and the solvent is 45 to 94% by weight. It is preferable that the non-solvent is in the range of 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight. Among these, the polyvinylidene fluoride-based blend resin has a lower porous layer strength when it is extremely small, and the water permeability may be lowered when it is too large, so the range of 8% by weight to 20% by weight is more preferable. If the amount of the pore-opening agent is too small, the water permeability may decrease, and if the amount is too large, the strength of the porous layer may decrease. On the other hand, if the amount is extremely large, it may remain excessively in the polyvinylidene fluoride-based blend resin and elute during use, and the quality of the permeated water may deteriorate or the water permeability may fluctuate . Therefore, a more preferable range is 0.5 wt% to 10 wt%. Furthermore, if the amount of the solvent is too small, the stock solution is likely to be gelled, and if the amount is too large, the strength of the porous layer is lowered, and therefore the range is preferably 60% to 90% by weight. If the amount of non-solvent is too large, gelation of the stock solution tends to occur, and if it is extremely small, control of the size of pores and macrovoids becomes difficult. Therefore, it is more preferably 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%.
また、本発明の分離膜は、ナノろ過膜、限外ろ過膜、精密ろ過膜とのいずれであってもよく、分離対象物質の大きさに応じて適当な一種以上の膜を選択、組み合わせればよいが、下廃水処理用としては特に限外ろ過膜、精密ろ過膜が好ましい。そして、平均粒径０．０８８μｍの微粒子の阻止率が９０％以上であることがさらに好ましい。この阻止率を満足しないときは、下廃水処理にあたって、菌体や汚泥などがリークしたり菌体や汚泥による目詰まりが起こったり、ろ過差圧の急激な上昇が起こったり、寿命が極端に短くなったりする。
Moreover, the separation membrane of the present invention, nanofiltration membrane, ultrafiltration membrane, may be any of the microfiltration membrane, select the appropriate one or more film according to the size of the separation subject substance, a combination However, an ultrafiltration membrane and a microfiltration membrane are particularly preferable for treating sewage wastewater. Further, it is more preferable that the rejection of fine particles having an average particle size of 0.088 μm is 90% or more. If not satisfied this rejection, when wastewater treatment, is or occurred clogging due bacteria and sludge or the like bacteria or sludge leaks, or occurred sudden upward rise of the filtration differential pressure, the life is extremely It becomes shorter.
また、本発明における接着方法は、分離膜とＡＢＳ樹脂のエレメント支持板をホットメルト型接着剤を用いて、熱プレス法にて接着を行うことを特徴とする平膜への接着方法であり、ホットメルト型接着剤の発現し得るアンカー効果を最大限に引き出し、接着剤は分離膜の奥深くまで浸透させ分離膜の支持基材でも固定するものである。
The adhesive method of definitive to the present invention, the element support plate of the separation membrane and the ABS resin by using a hot-melt adhesive, be a method of bonding the flat membrane which is characterized in that an adhesive by hot press method The anchor effect that can be exhibited by the hot-melt adhesive is maximized, and the adhesive penetrates deep into the separation membrane and is fixed on the support substrate of the separation membrane.
また、本発明において分離膜とＡＢＳ樹脂のエレメント支持板とを接着する場合は、電子天秤の計量皿（株式会社タニタ製／ＴＬＣ−５００）の上に、ＡＢＳ樹脂製のエレメント支持板を置き、その上にホットメルト接着材を乗せ、その上から分離膜を置き、分離膜の上から熱プレスやアイロン等により１６５℃の熱を加え０．１３ＭＰａの圧力で２０秒間押さえつけ接着させることが好ましい。ここで、ホットメルト接着材の形状はホットメルト接着ガンを用いた場合はガット形状でもよくペレット形状でもよく、ホットメルト接着ガンを使用しない場合はシート状でもよく、またはフィルム状であってもよい。
In the present invention, when the separation membrane and the ABS resin element support plate are bonded, an ABS resin element support plate is placed on a weighing pan of an electronic balance (TANITA Corporation / TLC-500). It is preferable to place a hot melt adhesive thereon, place a separation membrane thereon, apply heat at 165 ° C. with a hot press, iron, or the like from above the separation membrane, and press and adhere for 20 seconds at a pressure of 0.13 MPa. Here, the shape of hot-melt adhesive may be a good pellet shape in GATT shape when using a hot melt adhesive gun, even when not using the hot melt adhesive gun is a may be in sheet form or fill beam shape, Good.
そして、分離膜とエレメント支持板の接着強度は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ６８５４ １８０度剥離試験に準じて、“テンシロン”（TENSILON（登録商標）/UTM-4L TOYO MEASURING INSTRUMENTS CO., LTD）を用いて測定する。エレメント支持板にホットメルト接着剤で分離膜を張り合わせた幅２５ｍｍの分離膜サンプルとし、引っ張り速度２００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎの速度で剥離強度の測定を行なう。
The adhesive strength between the separation membrane and the element support plate is measured using “Tensilon” ( TENSILON (registered trademark) / UTM-4L TOYO MEASURING INSTRUMENTS CO., LTD) according to JIS K6854 180 degree peel test. A separation membrane sample having a width 25mm was laminated separation membrane with a hot-melt adhesive element support plate, to measure the peel strength at a rate of pulling speed 200 mm / min.
支持板１は、板状体の両面に複数の凹凸を有した構造であれば特に限定されるものではないが、透過水取出口までの距離、流路抵抗を均一化して被処理水が膜面に対して均等に流れるように、凹部は一定間隔で並列配置された複数個の溝を形成するように設けることが好ましい。このとき、各凹部５の幅は、透過水量を高く保ちつつ厳しい曝気条件下での流路材２、分離膜３の落ち込みを防止するために、１〜２０ｍｍの範囲内、さらに１．５〜５ｍｍの範囲内とするのが好ましい。凹部５の深さは、エレメントとしての厚みを抑えつつ透過水流路を確保するために１〜１０ｍｍ程度の範囲内で選択するのが好ましい。さらに、支持板の強度を保ちつつ、透過水流路を十分に確保し透過水が流動する際の流動抵抗を抑えるために、凹部による支持板の空隙率は１５〜８５％の範囲内であることが好ましい。これは、直方体の支持板を１００％としたときに凹部によって形成される空隙の容積比率を示すもので、空隙率が１５％を下回ると流動抵抗が大きくなり透過水を効率よく取水できず、８５％を上回ると支持板の強度が著しく低下する。
The support plate 1 is not particularly limited as long as it has a structure having a plurality of projections and depressions on both surfaces of the plate-like body. The recesses are preferably provided so as to form a plurality of grooves arranged in parallel at regular intervals so as to flow evenly with respect to the surface. At this time, the width of each recess 5 is within a range of 1 to 20 mm, and further 1.5 to 5 in order to prevent the passage material 2 and the separation membrane 3 from falling down under severe aeration conditions while keeping the permeated water amount high. It is preferable to be within a range of 5 mm. The depth of the recess 5 is preferably selected within a range of about 1 to 10 mm in order to secure the permeate flow path while suppressing the thickness as the element. Furthermore, the porosity of the support plate due to the recesses is in the range of 15 to 85% in order to sufficiently secure the permeate flow path and suppress the flow resistance when the permeate flows, while maintaining the strength of the support plate. Is preferred. This indicates the volume percentage of voids formed by the recesses when the support plate straight rectangular parallelepiped of 100%, can be efficiently intake flow resistance increases permeate the porosity is below 15% However, if it exceeds 85%, the strength of the support plate is significantly reduced.
また、本発明のエレメントにおいては、図１に示すように支持板１の周縁部に枠体６を設置することも好ましい。この場合、分離膜３は支持板１と枠体６の間に嵌挿してもよく、また、枠体６の外部表面に接着させてもよい。ここで、「接着」とは、接触させた状態で固定することをいい、別途樹脂など用いて接着しても、分離膜そのものを溶着しても、さらにはその他種々の方法で接着してもいい。樹脂の押出成形などの安価な製法で製作された支持板１の周縁部に、射出成形、押出成形などで製作した枠体６を嵌めこむようにすることで、コストを削減できる。支持板１を嵌めこみやすくするため、枠体６は、断面がコ型状になるように形成することが好ましい。
Moreover, in the element of this invention, it is also preferable to install the frame 6 in the peripheral part of the support plate 1 as shown in FIG. In this case, the separation membrane 3 may be fitted between the support plate 1 and the frame body 6 or may be adhered to the outer surface of the frame body 6. Here, "adhesion" refers to the fixed child being in contact, be bonded with such separately resin, also by welding the separation membrane itself, further adhered in other various ways Also good. Costs can be reduced by fitting the frame body 6 manufactured by injection molding, extrusion molding, or the like into the periphery of the support plate 1 manufactured by an inexpensive manufacturing method such as resin extrusion molding. In order to make it easy to fit the support plate 1, the frame body 6 is preferably formed so that the cross-section is a U-shape.
このように構成された下廃水処理装置において、廃水などの被処理水は、ポンプ１４の吸引力により分離膜３を通過する。この際、被処理水中に含まれる汚泥、無機物粒子などの懸濁物質がろ過される。そして、分離膜３を通過した透過水は、流路材２によって形成されている透過水流路を経て、支持板１の凹部５から枠体６内に形成された集水部８を通り、透過水取出口７を通って被処理水槽１１の外部に取り出される。一方、ろ過と並行して散気装置１２が気泡を発生し、その気泡のエアリフト作用によって生じる、エレメント９の膜面に平行な上昇流が、膜面に堆積したろ過物を離脱させる。
In the sewage wastewater treatment apparatus configured as described above, water to be treated such as wastewater passes through the separation membrane 3 by the suction force of the pump 14. At this time, sludge that is part of water to be treated, the suspended solids such as inorganic particles are filtered. Then, the permeated water that has passed through the separation membrane 3 passes through the water collecting section 8 formed in the frame body 6 from the concave portion 5 of the support plate 1 through the permeated water flow path formed by the flow path material 2 and permeated. The water is taken out from the water tank 11 through the water outlet 7. On the other hand, the air diffuser 12 generates bubbles in parallel with the filtration, and the upward flow parallel to the membrane surface of the element 9 generated by the air lift action of the bubbles separates the filtrate deposited on the membrane surface.
また、分離膜の接着試験は“テンシロン”（TENSILON（登録商標）／UTM-４L TOYO MEASURING INSTRUMENTS CO., LTD）を用いて、JIS K6854 180度剥離試験に準じて、引っ張り速度２００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ、分離膜のサンプル幅は２５ｍｍの条件で剥離試験を行い、接着強度を求めた。
Further, the adhesion test of the separation membrane "Tensilon" (TENSILON (TM) / UTM-4L TOYO MEASURING INSTRUMENTS CO., LTD) by using, in accordance with JIS K6854 180 degree peel test, tensile speed 200 mm / min, A separation test was performed under the condition that the sample width of the separation membrane was 25 mm, and the adhesive strength was obtained.
次に、上記分離膜について、平均粒径０．０８８μｍラテックス微粒子の阻止率を測定したところ、９９．１％と高い値であった。また、透水量は４０．２×１０−９ｍ３／ｍ２・ｓ・Ｐａであった。
分離膜とＡＢＳ樹脂製のエレメント支持板にホットメルト接着剤で張り付け、接着強度の剥離試験を行ったところ、９０．８Ｎ／２５ｍｍと所望水準を満足するものであった。なお、結果を表１に示す。
Next, when the blocking rate of latex fine particles having an average particle size of 0.088 μm was measured for the separation membrane, it was a high value of 99.1%. Moreover, the water permeability was 40.2 × 10 −9 m 3 / m 2 · s · Pa.
When a peel test of adhesive strength was performed by attaching the separation membrane and an ABS resin element support plate with a hot melt adhesive, a desired level of 90.8 N / 25 mm was satisfied. Incidentally, showing the results in Table 1.
次に、上記製膜原液を３０℃に冷却した後、密度０．４８ｇ／ｃｍ３、厚み２２０μｍのポリエステル繊維製不織布に塗布し、塗布後、直ちに２０℃の純水中に５分間浸漬し、さらに９０℃の熱水に２分間浸漬してＮ，Ｎ−ジメチルホルムアミドおよびポリエチレングリコールを洗い流し、分離膜を得た。
Next, after cooling the film-forming stock solution to 30 ° C., it was applied to a non-woven fabric made of polyester fiber having a density of 0.48 g / cm 3 and a thickness of 220 μm, and after application, immediately immersed in pure water at 20 ° C. for 5 minutes, washed out N, N- dimethylformamide and polyethylene glycol was further immersed for 2 minutes in 90 ° C. hot water, to obtain a separation membrane.
次に、上記製膜原液を３０℃に冷却した後、密度０．４８ｇ／ｃｍ３、厚み２２０μｍのポリエステル繊維製不織布に塗布し、塗布後、直ちに２０℃の純水中に５分間浸漬し、さらに９０℃の熱水に２分間浸漬してＮ，Ｎ−ジメチルホルムアミドおよびポリエチレングリコールを洗い流し、分離膜を得た。
Next, after cooling the film-forming stock solution to 30 ° C., it was applied to a non-woven fabric made of polyester fiber having a density of 0.48 g / cm 3 and a thickness of 220 μm, and after application, immediately immersed in pure water at 20 ° C. for 5 minutes, washed out N, N- dimethylformamide and polyethylene glycol was further immersed for 2 minutes in 90 ° C. hot water, to obtain a separation membrane.
次に、上記製膜原液を３０℃に冷却した後、密度０．４８ｇ／ｃｍ３、厚み２２０μｍのポリエステル繊維製不織布に塗布し、塗布後、直ちに２０℃の純水中に５分間浸漬し、さらに９０℃の熱水に２分間浸漬してＮ，Ｎ−ジメチルホルムアミドおよびポリエチレングリコールを洗い流し、分離膜を得た。
Next, after cooling the film-forming stock solution to 30 ° C., it was applied to a non-woven fabric made of polyester fiber having a density of 0.48 g / cm 3 and a thickness of 220 μm, and after application, immediately immersed in pure water at 20 ° C. for 5 minutes, washed out N, N- dimethylformamide and polyethylene glycol was further immersed for 2 minutes in 90 ° C. hot water, to obtain a separation membrane.
次に、上記製膜原液を３０℃に冷却した後、密度０．４８ｇ／ｃｍ３、厚み２２０μｍのポリエステル繊維製不織布に塗布し、塗布後、直ちに２０℃の純水中に５分間浸漬し、さらに９０℃の熱水に２分間浸漬してＮ，Ｎ−ジメチルホルムアミドおよびポリエチレングリコールを洗い流し、分離膜を得た。
Next, after cooling the film-forming stock solution to 30 ° C., it was applied to a non-woven fabric made of polyester fiber having a density of 0.48 g / cm 3 and a thickness of 220 μm, and after application, immediately immersed in pure water at 20 ° C. for 5 minutes, washed out N, N- dimethylformamide and polyethylene glycol was further immersed for 2 minutes in 90 ° C. hot water, to obtain a separation membrane.
次に、上記製膜原液を３０℃に冷却した後、密度０．４８ｇ／ｃｍ３、厚み２２０μｍのポリエステル繊維製不織布に塗布し、塗布後、直ちに２０℃の純水中に５分間浸漬し、さらに９０℃の熱水に２分間浸漬してＮ，Ｎ−ジメチルホルムアミドおよびポリエチレングリコールを洗い流し、分離膜を得た。
Next, after cooling the film-forming stock solution to 30 ° C., it was applied to a non-woven fabric made of polyester fiber having a density of 0.48 g / cm 3 and a thickness of 220 μm, and after application, immediately immersed in pure water at 20 ° C. for 5 minutes, washed out N, N- dimethylformamide and polyethylene glycol was further immersed for 2 minutes in 90 ° C. hot water, to obtain a separation membrane.
次に、上記製膜原液を３０℃に冷却した後、密度０．４８ｇ／ｃｍ３、厚み２２０μｍのポリエステル繊維製不織布に塗布し、塗布後、直ちに２０℃の純水中に５分間浸漬し、さらに９０℃の熱水に２分間浸漬してＮ，Ｎ−ジメチルホルムアミドおよびポリエチレングリコールを洗い流し、分離膜を得た。
Next, after cooling the film-forming stock solution to 30 ° C., it was applied to a non-woven fabric made of polyester fiber having a density of 0.48 g / cm 3 and a thickness of 220 μm, and after application, immediately immersed in pure water at 20 ° C. for 5 minutes, washed out N, N- dimethylformamide and polyethylene glycol was further immersed for 2 minutes in 90 ° C. hot water, to obtain a separation membrane.
ポリフッ化ビニリデン（ＰＶＤＦ） ： １．７重量％
ポリスルホン（ＰＳ） ：１５．３重量％
モノステアリン酸ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン ： ８．０重量％
Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチルホルムアミド（ＤＭＦ） ：７２．０重量％
Ｈ２Ｏ ： ３．０重量％
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF): 1.7 by weight%
Polysulfone (PS): 15.3% by weight
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate: 8.0% by weight
N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF): 72.0% by weight
H 2 O: 3.0% by weight
＜比較例５＞
実施例４においての主成分樹脂であるポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂のみで、副成分樹脂であるポリスルホン樹脂を用いず、開孔剤としてポリエチレングリコール（ＰＥＧ２０，０００）、溶媒としてＮ，Ｎ−ジメチルホルムアミド（ＤＭＦ）、非溶媒としてＨ２Ｏをそれぞれ用い、次の組成を有する原液で製膜した以外は実施例４と同様にして得られた分離膜を評価した。
<Comparative Example 5>
In Example 4, only the polyvinylidene fluoride resin, which is the main component resin, without using the polysulfone resin, which is the subcomponent resin, polyethylene glycol (PEG 20,000) as the pore opening agent, and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent ), A separation membrane obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 was evaluated except that H 2 O was used as a non-solvent and a membrane was prepared with a stock solution having the following composition.
＜比較例６＞
実施例４においての主成分樹脂であるポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂を用いず、副成分樹脂であるポリスルホン樹脂のみで、次の組成を有する原液で製膜した以外は実施例４と同様にして得られた分離膜を評価した。
<Comparative Example 6>
Without using the polyvinylidene fluoride resin is a main component resin of Oite in Example 4, only a polysulfone resin is a subcomponent resin, except that a film was formed by a stock solution having the following composition in the same manner as in Example 4 to give The obtained separation membrane was evaluated.
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