JP2007264609A - Method for manufacturing semiconductor device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device in high yield without damaging a layered product, and a method for manufacturing an entirely thin, light-weight, and flexible semiconductor device in high yield. <P>SOLUTION: The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes: forming a photocatalytic layer 102 and an organic compound layer 103 in contact with the photocatalytic layer, on a substrate having 101 a light transmitting property; forming an element forming layer on the substrate having the light transmitting property through the photocatalytic layer and the organic compound layer in contact with the photocatalytic layer; and separating the element forming layer from the substrate having the light transmitting property after the photocatalytic layer is irradiated with light through the substrate having the light transmitting property. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a flexible semiconductor device.

  Semiconductor devices are required to be manufactured at low cost, and in recent years, elements such as thin film transistors, memories, and solar cells have been actively developed for control circuits, memory circuits, and the like (for example, Patent Document 1).

  Various applications using semiconductor devices having such elements as thin film transistors, memories, and solar cells are expected, and it is attempted to use flexible plastic films in pursuit of miniaturization and weight reduction. It has been.

Since the heat resistance of plastic films is low, the maximum temperature of the process must be lowered. For this reason, the manufacturing method of a semiconductor element is restrict | limited. As a result, a semiconductor device using a plastic film is manufactured using a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method using a metal mask.

Moreover, after forming a polyimide layer on a glass substrate and forming a layer having fine elements on the polyimide layer, a laser beam is irradiated from the glass substrate to the polyimide layer, so that the polyimide layer and the fine elements are removed from the glass substrate. A technique for manufacturing a display device having flexibility by peeling a layer including the layer has been proposed (see Non-Patent Document 1).
JP 2004-47791 A French et al. (Ian French, David McCulloch, Ivar Borefijin, Nico Kooyman), SID 05 Digest, USA, 2005, p. 1634-1637

  However, when a semiconductor device is manufactured using a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method using a metal mask, an alignment process for aligning the metal mask is necessary. For this reason, there is a problem that the yield of the product is lowered due to the alignment defect.

In addition, when a semiconductor device is manufactured using a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method using a metal mask, element design is performed in consideration of misalignment. For this reason, it is difficult to manufacture a thin film transistor, a memory, a solar cell, or the like having a fine structure, and it is difficult to reduce the size, weight, and performance of the semiconductor device.

  In the peeling method shown in Non-Patent Document 1, a laser beam is irradiated to peel the polyimide layer from the glass substrate. However, since the energy of the laser beam is unstable and fluctuates, the polyimide layer is partially separated from the glass substrate. There is a phenomenon that does not peel off. As a result, there is a problem that the yield decreases. In addition, when a polyimide layer is irradiated with a laser beam with high energy through a glass substrate in order to improve the yield, there is a problem in that elements of the layer having glass and elements are damaged.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device with high yield without damaging a stacked body. In addition, a method for manufacturing a thin, lightweight, and flexible semiconductor device with high yield is provided.

  In the present invention, a photocatalyst layer and an organic compound layer in contact with the photocatalyst layer are formed on a light-transmitting substrate, and an element is formed on the light-transmitting substrate through the photocatalyst layer and the organic compound layer in contact with the photocatalyst layer. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising: forming a layer; irradiating a photocatalytic layer with light through a light-transmitting substrate; and separating the element formation layer from the light-transmitting substrate. In addition, the element formation layer is separated from the light-transmitting substrate by separation at the interface between the photocatalyst layer and the organic compound layer.

  Note that the organic compound layer may be formed over a light-transmitting substrate through the photocatalyst layer.

  The photocatalyst layer may be formed on a light-transmitting substrate through the organic compound layer.

  Alternatively, after separating the element formation layer from the light-transmitting substrate, a flexible substrate may be attached to the surface of the organic compound layer.

  Moreover, the organic compound layer may include inorganic compound particles. The organic compound layer may have a light shielding property. In this case, the organic compound layer includes a light absorber or a light reflector.

  The wavelength of light is a wavelength that activates the photocatalyst layer.

  The element formation layer includes a thin film transistor, a diode, or a resistor, a light-emitting element, a liquid crystal element, or an electrophoretic element.

  The semiconductor device functions as a light-emitting device, a liquid crystal display device, an electrophoretic display device, a wireless chip, a solar cell, or a sensor.

  In the present invention, a photocatalyst layer and an organic compound layer are formed on a light-transmitting substrate, and an element formation layer having an element with a fine structure is formed thereon using a semiconductor process. Light is emitted from the substrate to the photocatalyst. As a result, it is possible to cause a photocatalytic reaction at the interface between the photocatalyst layer and the organic compound layer and to separate the photocatalyst layer and the organic compound layer without irradiating light with high energy. Therefore, it is possible to easily manufacture a flexible semiconductor device having a fine structure element formed by using a conventional semiconductor process. In addition, a semiconductor device having an element formation layer having elements with a fine structure and having flexibility using a conventional semiconductor process can be manufactured with high yield.

  Further, after sequentially forming a photocatalyst layer, a light-shielding organic compound layer, and an element formation layer over a light-transmitting substrate, the photocatalyst layer is irradiated with light from the light-transmitting substrate, An organic compound layer having a light shielding property is separated. At this time, it is possible to prevent light irradiating the photocatalyst layer from entering the element formation layer, so that it is possible to prevent the characteristics of the element from being changed by light, and the reliability is high and flexibility is improved. A semiconductor device having the same can be manufactured. In addition, a flexible semiconductor device can be manufactured with high yield by using a conventional semiconductor process and an element formation layer having elements with a fine structure.

  In addition, after a photocatalyst layer, an organic compound layer in which inorganic compound particles are dispersed, and an element formation layer are sequentially formed on a light-transmitting substrate, light is irradiated from the light-transmitting substrate to the photocatalyst layer. The organic catalyst layer in which the photocatalyst layer and the inorganic compound particles are dispersed is separated. At this time, since the organic compound layer in which the inorganic compound particles are dispersed is provided in the element formation layer, the mechanical strength is increased and the semiconductor device can be prevented from being torn when being bent. In addition, a flexible semiconductor device can be manufactured with high yield by using a conventional semiconductor process and an element formation layer having elements with a fine structure.

  In addition, the bonding force between the photocatalyst layer and the organic compound layer can be weakened by using light as a trigger. For this reason, it is possible to control the separation of the photocatalyst layer and the organic compound layer, and it is possible to prevent unintended separation. Therefore, a flexible semiconductor device can be manufactured with a high yield by using a conventional semiconductor process and an element formation layer having an element with a fine structure.

  In addition, since the organic compound layer remaining on one surface of the element formation layer can be used as the substrate, the number of flexible substrates can be reduced, and the cost of the semiconductor device can be reduced. It is.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms, and those skilled in the art can easily understand that the forms and details can be variously changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Is done. Therefore, the present invention is not construed as being limited to the description of this embodiment mode. Note that in all the drawings for describing the embodiments, the same portions or portions having similar functions are denoted by the same reference numerals, and repetitive description thereof is omitted.

(Embodiment 1)
In this embodiment, a method for manufacturing a flexible semiconductor device by peeling an element formation layer from a light-transmitting substrate with high yield will be described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 1A, a photocatalyst layer 102 is formed over a light-transmitting substrate 101, and an organic compound layer 103 is formed over the photocatalyst layer 102. Next, the element formation layer 104 is formed over the organic compound layer 103.

  As the light-transmitting substrate 101, a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a heat-resistant plastic substrate that can withstand the processing temperature in this step, or the like is used. Since the substrate 101 having a light-transmitting property described above is not limited in size or shape, for example, a substrate having a rectangular shape with one side of 1 meter or more is used as the substrate 101 having a light-transmitting property. Thus, productivity can be significantly improved. This advantage is a great advantage compared to the case of using a circular silicon substrate. Here, a glass substrate is used as the light-transmitting substrate 101. Note that in the case where a plastic substrate is used as the light-transmitting substrate 101, an insulating layer having a light-transmitting property is preferably formed on the surface of the plastic substrate. Examples of the insulating layer include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, and aluminum nitride. By forming a light-transmitting insulating layer on the surface of the plastic substrate, a photocatalyst layer is formed later, and when the photocatalyst layer is irradiated with light, the photocatalyst layer is activated and the interface between the plastic substrate and the photocatalyst layer is separated. Can be avoided.

Next, the photocatalytic layer 102 is formed on the surface of the light-transmitting substrate 101. As the photocatalyst layer 102, titanium oxide (TiOx), tin oxide (SnO ₂ ), tungsten oxide (WO ₃ ), zinc oxide (ZnO), bismuth oxide (Bi ₂ O ₃ ), titanate (MTiO ₃ ), tantalum Examples thereof include acid salts (MTaO ₃ ), niobates (M ₄ Nb ₆ O ₁₇ ) (M is a metal element), CdS, ZnS, and the like. As the crystal structure of titanium oxide, anatase type, rutile type, or a mixture thereof can be used. These are formed by sputtering, plasma CVD, vapor deposition, sol-gel, electrophoresis, spraying, or the like.

  Further, titanium oxide doped with metal or nitrogen can be used as the photocatalyst layer 102. As metals, platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), silver (Ag), vanadium (V), iron (Fe), cobalt (Ni), zinc (Zn), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), and the like. By forming the photocatalytic layer 102 using titanium oxide doped with metal or nitrogen, the photocatalytic layer 102 can be activated using visible light, typically sunlight, instead of ultraviolet rays. Here, the photocatalyst layer 102 is formed using titanium oxide.

  The film thickness of the photocatalyst layer 102 is preferably 0.5 nm to 150 nm, and more preferably 1 nm to 30 nm. When the film thickness of the photocatalyst layer 102 is smaller than the above film thickness, the photocatalyst layer 102 is not activated even when irradiated with light. Therefore, even if the organic compound layer 103 to be formed later is formed on the photocatalyst layer 102 and the photocatalyst layer 102 is irradiated with light, the photocatalyst layer 102 and the organic compound layer 103 are formed at the interface between the photocatalyst layer 102 and the organic compound layer 103. Is difficult to separate. On the other hand, when the photocatalyst layer 102 is thicker than the above film thickness, even if the photocatalyst layer 102 is irradiated with light and active species are generated, before the active species move to the interface between the photocatalyst layer 102 and the organic compound layer 103, It is deactivated and it is difficult to separate the photocatalyst layer 102 and the organic compound layer 103.

  Next, the organic compound layer 103 is formed over the photocatalyst layer 102. As the organic compound layer 103, an organic compound such as cyanoethyl cellulose resin, polyimide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene resin, silicone resin, epoxy resin, or vinylidene fluoride can be used. Aromatic polyamide and polybenzimidazole may also be used. Moreover, resin materials such as vinyl resins such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl butyral, phenol resins, novolac resins, acrylic resins, melamine resins, urethane resins, and oxazole resins (polybenzoxazole) may be used. Polyimide, vinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl acetal, polystyrene, AS resin, methacrylic resin, polypropylene, polycarbonate, celluloid, cellulose acetate plastic, methylpentene resin, vinyl chloride resin, polyester resin, urea resin, etc. Thus, the organic compound layer 103 is formed.

  The thickness of the organic compound layer 103 is preferably 50 nm or more and 5 μm or less. By setting the thickness of the organic compound layer 103 to 1 μm or more and 5 μm or less, the organic compound layer 103 can be used instead of the substrate in a semiconductor device to be formed later. As a result, the number of substrates can be reduced and the cost can be reduced.

  Next, the element formation layer 104 is formed over the organic compound layer 103. Examples of the element formation layer 104 include a thin film transistor, a thin film transistor having a floating gate electrode, a memory element, a capacitor element, a resistance element, a diode, and the like. The element formation layer 104 may include an EL element, a liquid crystal element, an electron-emitting element, an electrophoretic element, a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System), or the like.

  A flexible substrate may be provided on the surface of the element formation layer 104. Typical examples of flexible substrates include PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PES (polyethersulfone), polypropylene, polypropylene sulfide, polycarbonate, polyetherimide, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyphenylene oxide. A substrate made of polysulfone, polyphthalamide or the like can be used. In the case of using these substrates, a flexible substrate is provided over the element formation layer 104 using an adhesive. In addition, a paper made of a fibrous material, a laminated film of a base film (polyester, polyamide, inorganic vapor deposition film, etc.) and an adhesive organic resin film (acrylic organic resin, epoxy organic resin, etc.) may be used. it can. When these laminated films are used, the adhesive organic resin film is plasticized and functions as an adhesive by thermocompression bonding the laminated film to the surface of the element forming layer 104.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 1B, the light 105 is irradiated to the light-transmitting substrate 101. The light 105 may be irradiated with light having a wavelength that can activate the photocatalytic layer 102. Further, laser light having a wavelength capable of activating the photocatalytic layer 102 may be irradiated. Typically, when the photocatalytic layer 102 is formed of titanium oxide, ultraviolet light may be used as the light 105. Further, when the photocatalytic layer is CdS, visible light may be used as the light 105. By irradiating the photocatalyst layer 102 with light 105 through the light-transmitting substrate 101, the photocatalyst layer 102 is activated. As a result, the photocatalyst layer 102 and the organic compound layer 103 are separated. Typically, when the photocatalyst layer 102 is formed using titanium oxide as illustrated in FIG. 1C, the oxidizing power of titanium oxide is increased by irradiation with the light 105, and at the interface between the photocatalyst layer 102 and the organic compound layer 103. The carbon-hydrogen bond of the organic compound layer 103 is separated. As a result, the surface of the organic compound layer 103 becomes rough, and part of the organic compound layer 103 becomes carbon dioxide and water, thereby causing degassing. As a result, the photocatalyst layer 102 and the organic compound layer 103 are separated.

  Through the above steps, a semiconductor device including the element formation layer 104 and the organic compound layer 103 can be manufactured as illustrated in FIG. Note that after the peeling step shown in FIG. 1C, a flexible substrate 106 may be provided on the surface of the organic compound layer 103 to manufacture a semiconductor device as shown in FIG.

  By using the flexible substrate 106, the mechanical strength of a semiconductor device to be formed later can be increased. Further, it is possible to avoid contamination from the outside from entering the semiconductor device.

  As the flexible substrate 106, a substrate similar to the flexible substrate that can be provided on the surface of the element formation layer 104 can be selected as appropriate.

  Through the above steps, it is possible to cause a photocatalytic reaction at the interface between the photocatalyst layer and the organic compound layer to separate the photocatalyst layer and the organic compound layer. Therefore, it is possible to easily manufacture a flexible semiconductor device having a fine structure element formed by using a conventional semiconductor process.

(Embodiment 2)
In this embodiment mode, a different mode of manufacturing steps of the photocatalyst layer 102 and the organic compound layer 103 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 2A, an organic compound layer 103 is formed over a light-transmitting substrate 101, a photocatalyst layer 102 is formed over the organic compound layer 103, and an element formation layer 104 is formed over the photocatalyst layer 102. Form.

  In this embodiment mode, since the photocatalyst layer 102 is irradiated with light through the light-transmitting substrate 101 and the organic compound layer 103, the organic compound layer 103 is a material that can transmit light that is irradiated later. Form. Typically, an ultraviolet ray, a visible ray, or an infrared ray is formed using a material that can transmit any of these. As an organic compound having translucency, polyimide, acrylic, vinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl acetal, polystyrene, AS resin, methacrylic resin, polypropylene, polycarbonate, celluloid, cellulose acetate plastic, polyethylene, methylpentene resin, vinyl chloride resin, Examples include polyester resin and urea resin.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 2B, the photocatalyst layer 102 is irradiated with light 105 through the light-transmitting substrate 101 and the organic compound layer 103. As a result, the photocatalytic layer 102 is activated. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2C, the photocatalyst layer 102 and the organic compound layer 103 are separated.

  Through the above steps, a semiconductor device including the element formation layer 104 and the photocatalyst layer 102 can be manufactured as illustrated in FIG. Note that after the peeling step illustrated in FIG. 2C, a flexible substrate 106 may be provided on the surface of the photocatalyst layer 102 to manufacture a semiconductor device as illustrated in FIG.

  Through the above steps, it is possible to cause a photocatalytic reaction at the interface between the photocatalyst layer and the organic compound layer to separate the photocatalyst layer and the organic compound layer. Therefore, it is possible to easily manufacture a flexible semiconductor device having a fine structure element formed by using a conventional semiconductor process.

(Embodiment 3)
In this embodiment, a mode in which a semiconductor device is manufactured using the organic compound layer 112 in which particles of an inorganic compound are dispersed instead of the organic compound layer 103 in Embodiments 1 and 2 is described with reference to FIGS. To do. Note that in this embodiment, the first embodiment is described, but the second embodiment can also be applied.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, a photocatalyst layer 102 is formed over a light-transmitting substrate 101, an organic compound layer 112 is formed over the photocatalyst layer 102, and an element formation layer 104 is formed over the organic compound layer 112. Form. Note that in the organic compound layer 112, inorganic compound particles 111 are dispersed in the organic compound 110.

  As the inorganic compound particles 111, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, tantalum oxide, barium magnesium fluoride, or the like can be used. Dispersion of the inorganic compound particles 111 in the organic compound layer 103 increases the mechanical strength of the organic compound layer 114, so that the semiconductor device to be manufactured later can be prevented from being torn when being bent. .

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 3B, the photocatalyst layer 102 is irradiated with light 105 through the light-transmitting substrate 101. As a result, the photocatalytic layer 102 is activated. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3C, the photocatalytic layer 102 and the organic compound layer 112 in which the inorganic compound particles 111 are dispersed in the organic compound 110 are separated.

  Through the above steps, as illustrated in FIG. 3D, a semiconductor device including the element formation layer 104 and the organic compound layer 112 in which the inorganic compound particles 111 are dispersed in the organic compound 110 can be manufactured. Note that after the peeling step illustrated in FIG. 3C, a flexible substrate 106 may be provided on the surface of the organic compound layer 112 to manufacture a semiconductor device illustrated in FIG.

  By using an organic compound layer in which inorganic compound particles are dispersed as the organic compound layer, the element forming layer separated from the photocatalyst layer has an organic compound layer in which the inorganic compound particles are dispersed. Therefore, a semiconductor device with high mechanical strength can be manufactured.

(Embodiment 4)
In this embodiment, instead of the organic compound layer 103 or the organic compound layer 112 in which the inorganic compound particles 111 are dispersed in the organic compound 110 in Embodiments 1 to 3, the organic compound 110 has light shielding properties. A mode of manufacturing a semiconductor device using the organic compound layer 114 in which 113 is dispersed will be described with reference to FIGS. Although this embodiment mode is described using Embodiment Mode 1, Embodiments 2 and 3 can also be applied.

  As shown in FIG. 4A, a photocatalyst layer 102 is formed over a light-transmitting substrate 101, an organic compound layer 114 is formed over the photocatalyst layer 102, and an element formation layer 104 is formed over the organic compound layer 114. Form. In the organic compound layer 114, light-shielding particles 113 are dispersed in the organic compound 110.

  As the light-shielding particles 113, particles that absorb light in the wavelength range of 280 to 780 nm (light absorbers) and particles that reflect light (light reflectors) are preferable. As the particles that absorb light, a dye or an ultraviolet absorber can be used. Representative examples of dyes include azo, anthraquinone, naphthoquinone, isoindolinone, perylene, indigo, fluorenone, phenazine, phenothiazine, polymethine, polyene, diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane, There are quinacridone, acridine, phthalocyanine, quinophthalocyanine, carbon black and the like. Examples of ultraviolet absorbers include benzotriazole compounds, hydroxybenzophenone compounds, salicylate compounds, and the like. As the particles that reflect light, typically, titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), neodymium ( Nd), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), silver (Ag), gold ( An element selected from Au), platinum (Pt), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), zirconium (Zr), and barium (Ba); Alloy materials, nitrogen compounds, oxygen compounds, carbon compounds, halogen compound single layers, or stacked particles thereof. The light-shielding particles 113 may be uniformly dispersed in the organic compound 110. Further, it may be dispersed at a particularly high concentration in a region not in contact with the photocatalyst layer 102.

  By dispersing the light-shielding particles 111 in the organic compound layer 114, light that is transmitted without being absorbed by the photocatalyst layer 102 can be absorbed by the organic compound layer 114. For this reason, it is possible to avoid the light 105 from being applied to the elements in the element formation layer 104, and it is possible to prevent destruction of the elements due to light irradiation.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 4B, the photocatalyst layer 102 is irradiated with light 105 through the light-transmitting substrate 101. As a result, the photocatalytic layer 102 is activated. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4C, the photocatalyst layer 102 and the organic compound layer 114 including the light-shielding particles 113 are separated.

  Through the above steps, as illustrated in FIG. 4D, a semiconductor device including the element formation layer 104 and the organic compound layer 114 including the light-shielding particles 113 can be manufactured. Note that after the peeling step illustrated in FIG. 4C, a flexible substrate 106 is provided on the surface of the organic compound layer 114 including the light-shielding particles 113 so that the semiconductor as illustrated in FIG. A device may be made.

  Through the above steps, when the photocatalyst layer is irradiated with light from the light-transmitting substrate to separate the photocatalyst layer and the light-shielding organic compound layer, the light applied to the photocatalyst layer is incident on the element formation layer. It is possible to avoid this. As a result, it is possible to prevent the element characteristics from being changed by light irradiated to the photocatalyst layer, and it is possible to manufacture a highly reliable and flexible semiconductor device.

(Embodiment 5)
In this embodiment, a typical example of the structure of the element formation layer 104 in Embodiments 1 to 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. Note that although this embodiment mode is described using Embodiment Mode 1, any of Embodiment Modes 2 to 4 can be applied. In this embodiment mode, a mode in which the element formation layer 104 includes an element 126 including a first conductive layer, a functional layer 123, and a second conductive layer is described.

  As in Embodiment 1, a photocatalyst layer 102 is formed over a light-transmitting substrate 101 and an organic compound layer 103 is formed over the photocatalyst layer 102 as shown in FIG. Next, an element formation layer is formed over the organic compound layer 103.

  Next, the insulating layer 120 may be formed over the organic compound layer 103. The insulating layer 120 is provided to prevent impurities or gas from the organic compound layer 103, the photocatalyst layer 102, or the light-transmitting substrate 101 from entering the element formation layer. The insulating layer 120 is formed with a single layer or a stacked structure of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum nitride, or the like.

  A first conductive layer 121 is formed over the insulating layer 120. Next, the insulating layer 122 may be formed so as to cover an end portion of the first conductive layer 121. Next, the functional layer 123 is formed over the first conductive layer 121, and the second conductive layer 124 is formed over the functional layer 123. Next, the insulating layer 125 may be formed over the second conductive layer 124. Further, a flexible substrate 128 may be provided over the insulating layer 125 with an adhesive 127 interposed therebetween. Here, the element 126 can be formed using the first conductive layer 121, the functional layer 123, and the second conductive layer 124.

  The element 126 includes an EL (Electro Luminescence) element having a light-emitting material in the functional layer 123, and a functional layer 123 formed using a material whose crystal state, conductivity, shape, or the like is changed by voltage application or light irradiation. There are a memory element, a diode or a photoelectric conversion element having a functional layer 123 formed using a semiconductor material whose electrical characteristics change by light irradiation, a capacitor having a dielectric layer in the functional layer 123, and the like.

  The first conductive layer 121 and the second conductive layer 124 are formed using a sputtering method, a plasma CVD method, a coating method, a printing method, an electrolytic plating method, an electroless plating method, or the like, and a highly conductive metal, alloy, compound, or the like. It can be formed using a single layer or a laminated structure. Typically, a metal, an alloy, a conductive compound, or a mixture thereof having a large work function (specifically, 4.0 eV or more), or a metal, an alloy having a small work function (specifically, 3.8 eV or less). , Conductive compounds, and mixtures thereof can be used.

As typical examples of metals, alloys, and conductive compounds having a high work function (specifically, 4.0 eV or more), indium tin oxide (hereinafter referred to as ITO), silicon-containing indium tin oxide, 2 Examples thereof include indium oxide containing -20 atomic% of zinc oxide (ZnO). Also, titanium (Ti), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), tungsten (W), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu ), Palladium (Pd), or a nitride of a metal material (eg, titanium nitride (TiN), tungsten nitride (WN), molybdenum nitride (MoN), or the like can be used.

Typical examples of metals, alloys, and conductive compounds having a small work function (specifically, 3.8 eV or less) include metals belonging to Group 1 or 2 of the periodic table of elements, that is, lithium (Li) or cesium (Cs). Alkali metals such as magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), aluminum (Al) and alloys containing any of these (MgAg, AlLi), europium (Er), And rare earth metals such as ytterbium (Yb) and alloys containing these.

  Note that in the case where the element 126 is an EL element, a memory element, a diode, or a photoelectric conversion element, the first conductive layer 121 or the second conductive layer 124 is made of indium tin oxide containing ITO or silicon, 2 to 2 It is formed of a light-transmitting material such as indium oxide containing 20 atomic% zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, and indium oxide-tin oxide containing zinc oxide. The first conductive layer 121 or the second conductive layer 124 is formed using a material having low visible light transmittance (typically, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, aluminum, or an alloy including any of the above-described materials) ), A light-transmitting property can be imparted by forming a film with a thickness of about 1 nm to 50 nm, preferably about 5 nm to 20 nm.

  The functional layer 123 is appropriately selected according to the configuration of the element 126.

  The insulating layer 122 is provided to prevent the step of the functional layer 123 caused by the step of the first conductive layer 121 and the influence of the electric field in the lateral direction between the elements. Note that in the cross section of the insulating layer 122, the side surface of the insulating layer 122 preferably has an inclination angle of 10 degrees to less than 60 degrees, preferably 25 degrees to 45 degrees with respect to the surface of the first conductive layer 121. . Furthermore, the upper end portion of the insulating layer 122 is preferably curved.

  The insulating layer 122 can be formed using an inorganic insulator such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, or aluminum nitride by a thin film formation method such as a CVD method or a sputtering method. Alternatively, a high molecular material such as polyimide, polyamide, benzocyclobutene, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, or siloxane polymer, or an organic resin can be used, and a coating method, a printing method, an inkjet method, or the like can be used. Further, the insulating layer 122 can be formed as a single layer or a stacked layer using any of the above inorganic insulators, polymer materials, and organic resins.

  The insulating layer 125 functions as a protective film, and silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, DLC (diamond-like carbon), aluminum nitride, or the like is used, and a thin film formation method such as a CVD method or a sputtering method is used. Can be formed.

  As the adhesive 127, an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, a silicone resin, or the like can be used.

  As the flexible substrate 128, a substrate similar to the flexible substrate that can be provided on the surface of the element formation layer 104 described in Embodiment 1 can be selected as appropriate.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 5B, the photocatalyst layer 102 is irradiated with light 105 through the light-transmitting substrate 101. As a result, the photocatalytic layer 102 is activated. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5C, the photocatalyst layer 102 and the organic compound layer 103 are separated.

  Through the above steps, a semiconductor device 129 including the element 126 and the organic compound layer 103 can be manufactured as illustrated in FIG. Note that a flexible substrate 130 may be provided on the surface of the organic compound layer 103 after the peeling step illustrated in FIG. 5C to manufacture the semiconductor device 131 as illustrated in FIG. .

  In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 6A, a switching element may be connected to the element 126. Examples of the switching element include a thin film transistor, a MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal), and a diode. Here, a mode in which a thin film transistor 141 is used as a switching element is shown.

  That is, as illustrated in FIG. 6A, the photocatalyst layer 102 is formed over the light-transmitting substrate 101, and the organic compound layer 103 is formed over the photocatalyst layer 102. Next, a thin film transistor 141 functioning as a switching element is formed over the organic compound layer 103. Next, a first conductive layer 142 connected to the wiring 1405 of the thin film transistor 141 is formed with the insulating layer 140 interposed therebetween. Note that the wiring of the thin film transistor 141 and the first conductive layer 142 are connected to each other through the insulating layer 140; however, the structure is not limited thereto, and the first conductive layer 142 may be formed by the wiring of the thin film transistor 141. .

  Here, the structure of the thin film transistor is described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 16A illustrates an example in which a staggered thin film transistor is applied. A photocatalyst layer 102 and an organic compound layer 103 are provided over the substrate 101, and a thin film transistor 141 is provided over the organic compound layer 103. The thin film transistor 141 includes a gate electrode 1402, an insulating layer 1403 functioning as a gate insulating film, a semiconductor layer 1404 overlapping with the insulating layer 1403 functioning as the gate electrode and the gate insulating film, and a wiring 1405 connected to the semiconductor layer 1404. . Note that part of the semiconductor layer 1404 is sandwiched between the insulating layer 1403 functioning as a gate insulating film and the wiring 1405.

The gate electrode 1402 can be formed using a material and a method similar to those of the first conductive layer 121. Alternatively, the gate electrode 1402 can be formed by drying and baking using a droplet discharge method. Alternatively, the gate electrode 1402 can be formed by printing a paste containing fine particles over the organic compound layer 103 by a printing method, followed by drying and baking. As typical examples of the fine particles, fine particles mainly containing any of gold, copper, an alloy of gold and silver, an alloy of gold and copper, an alloy of silver and copper, and an alloy of gold, silver, and copper may be used. Further, fine particles mainly composed of a conductive oxide such as ITO may be used.

The insulating layer 1403 functioning as a gate insulating film can be formed using a material and a method similar to those of the insulating layer 120. Further, an organic compound layer shown as the organic compound 110 can be used as appropriate.

As a material of the semiconductor layer 1404 of the thin film transistor, a semiconductor material can be used, and an amorphous semiconductor layer containing one or more of silicon and germanium is formed using a thin film formation method such as a sputtering method or a CVD method. can do. In addition, by using a material having high heat resistance for the organic compound layer 103, a crystalline semiconductor layer that is crystallized by irradiating the amorphous semiconductor layer with laser light can be used. Further, the semiconductor layer 1404 can be formed using an organic semiconductor.

  Examples of the organic semiconductor include polycyclic aromatic compounds, conjugated double bond compounds, phthalocyanines, charge transfer complexes, and the like. For example, anthracene, tetracene, pentacene, 6T (hexathiophene), TCNQ (tetracyanoquinodimethane), PTCDA (perylene carboxylic acid anhydride), NTCDA (naphthalene carboxylic acid anhydride) and the like can be used. Examples of the material for the semiconductor layer 1404 of the organic semiconductor transistor include π-conjugated polymers such as organic polymer compounds, carbon nanotubes, polyvinyl pyridine, and phthalocyanine metal complexes. In particular, when polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythienylene, polythiophene derivative, poly (3-alkylthiophene), polyparaphenylene derivative or polyparaphenylene vinylene derivative is used, which is a π-conjugated polymer whose skeleton is composed of conjugated double bonds preferable.

  As a method for forming the semiconductor layer 1404 of the organic semiconductor transistor, a method capable of forming a film with a uniform thickness over the substrate may be used. The thickness is 1 nm to 1000 nm, preferably 10 nm to 100 nm. As a specific method, an evaporation method, an electron beam evaporation method, a coating method, or the like can be used.

As shown in FIG. 16B, a gate electrode 1402, an insulating layer 1403 functioning as a gate insulating film, a wiring 1405, and a semiconductor layer 1404 overlapping with the insulating layer functioning as the gate electrode and the gate insulating layer are formed. May be. Further, part of the wiring 1405 is sandwiched between an insulating layer functioning as a gate insulating layer and the semiconductor layer 1404.

  FIG. 16C illustrates an example of a top-gate thin film transistor. A photocatalyst layer 102 and an organic compound layer 103 are provided over the substrate 101, and a thin film transistor 141 is provided over the organic compound layer 103. In the thin film transistor 141, a semiconductor layer 1302 and a gate insulating layer 1113 formed using an inorganic insulator are provided over the organic compound layer 103. A gate electrode 1304 is formed on the gate insulating layer 1113 so as to correspond to the semiconductor layer 1302, and an insulating layer (not shown) that functions as a protective layer and an inorganic insulating layer 1114 that functions as an interlayer insulating layer are formed thereover. Is provided. In addition, wirings 1405 connected to the source region and the drain region 1310 of the semiconductor layer are formed. Further, an insulating layer functioning as a protective layer may be formed thereon.

The semiconductor layer 1302 is a layer formed of a semiconductor having a crystal structure, and a non-single-crystal semiconductor or a single-crystal semiconductor can be used. In particular, a crystalline semiconductor formed by irradiating an amorphous silicon film with laser light is preferably used. In the case of crystallization by irradiating with laser light, high repetition frequency with continuous wave laser light irradiation or repetition frequency of 10 MHz or more and pulse width of 1 nanosecond or less, preferably 1 to 100 picoseconds. By irradiating with ultrashort pulse light, crystallization can be performed while continuously moving the molten zone in which the crystalline semiconductor is melted in the irradiation direction of the laser light. By such a crystallization method, a crystalline semiconductor having a large particle diameter and a crystal grain boundary extending in one direction can be obtained. By adjusting the carrier drift direction to the direction in which the crystal grain boundary extends, the field-effect mobility in the transistor can be increased. For example, it is possible to realize the above 400cm ² / V · sec.

  Note that in the case of forming the thin film transistor 141 having a crystalline semiconductor layer, the organic compound layer 103 is preferably formed using a compound having high heat resistance. Examples of the organic compound having high heat resistance include polyimide, polycarbonate, epoxy resin, polyester, and polyamideimide.

  The gate electrode 1304 can be formed using a metal or a polycrystalline semiconductor to which an impurity of one conductivity type is added. In the case of using a metal, tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), aluminum (Al), or the like can be used. Alternatively, a metal nitride obtained by nitriding a metal can be used. Or it is good also as a structure which laminated | stacked the 1st layer which consists of the said metal nitride, and the 2nd layer which consists of the said metal. In the case of a laminated structure, the end portion of the first layer may have a shape protruding outward from the end portion of the second layer. At this time, a barrier metal can be formed by using a metal nitride for the first layer. That is, the second layer metal can be prevented from diffusing into the gate insulating layer 1113 and the semiconductor layer 1302 below the gate insulating layer 1113.

  Various structures such as a single drain structure, an LDD (low concentration drain) structure, and a gate overlap drain structure can be applied to the thin film transistor formed by combining the semiconductor layer 1302, the gate insulating layer 1113, the gate electrode 1304, and the like. Here, a thin film transistor having a single drain structure is shown. Furthermore, it is possible to apply a multi-gate structure in which transistors to which a gate voltage of the same potential is applied are connected in series, or a dual gate structure in which a semiconductor layer is sandwiched between gate electrodes.

  In this embodiment, the inorganic insulating layer 1114 is formed using an inorganic insulating material such as silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride.

  The wiring 1405 formed over the inorganic insulating layer 1114 can be provided so as to intersect with a wiring formed in the same layer as the gate electrode 1304, and forms a multilayer wiring structure. A multilayer wiring structure can be formed by stacking a plurality of insulating layers having the same function as the inorganic insulating layer 1114 and forming wirings on the insulating layers. The wiring 1405 includes a low resistance material such as aluminum (Al) such as a laminated structure of titanium (Ti) and aluminum (Al), a laminated structure of molybdenum (Mo) and aluminum (Al), and titanium (Ti) or molybdenum ( It is preferably formed in combination with a barrier metal using a refractory metal material such as Mo).

  Next, the insulating layer 143 which covers the end portion of the first conductive layer 142 in FIG. 6A is formed. Next, the functional layer 144 is formed over the first conductive layer 142 and the insulating layer 143, and the second conductive layer 145 is formed over the functional layer 144. The first conductive layer 142, the insulating layer 143, and the second conductive layer 145 can be formed in a manner similar to that of the first conductive layer 121, the insulating layer 122, and the second conductive layer 124 in FIG. Next, an insulating layer may be formed over the second conductive layer 145. Further, a flexible substrate 147 may be provided over the second conductive layer 145 and the insulating layer 143 with an adhesive 146 interposed therebetween. Here, the element 126 can be formed using the first conductive layer 142, the functional layer 123, and the second conductive layer 145.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 6B, the photocatalyst layer 102 is irradiated with light 105 through the light-transmitting substrate 101. As a result, the photocatalytic layer 102 is activated. As a result, as shown in FIG. 6C, the photocatalyst layer 102 and the organic compound layer 103 are separated.

  Through the above steps, a semiconductor device 148 including an element formation layer and an organic compound layer 103 can be manufactured as illustrated in FIG. Note that after the peeling step illustrated in FIG. 6C, a flexible substrate 130 may be provided on the surface of the organic compound layer 103, whereby the semiconductor device 149 illustrated in FIG. 6D may be manufactured. .

Here, a structure of the element 126 applicable in this embodiment is described below.

  In the case where the element 126 is a memory element, the functional layer 123 is formed using a material whose crystal state, conductivity, shape, or the like is changed by voltage application or light irradiation. Here, the structure of the memory element is described below with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 13A, the functional layer 123 is formed using a layer 300 containing an organic compound. Note that the layer 300 including an organic compound may be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers formed using different organic compounds may be stacked.

The thickness of the layer 300 containing an organic compound is preferably such that the electric resistance of the memory element changes due to voltage application to the first conductive layer 121 and the second conductive layer 124. A typical film thickness of the layer containing an organic compound is 5 nm to 100 nm, preferably 10 nm to 60 nm.

The layer 300 including an organic compound can be formed using an organic compound having a hole-transport property or an organic compound having an electron-transport property.

Examples of the hole-transporting organic compound include phthalocyanine (abbreviation: H ₂ Pc), copper phthalocyanine (abbreviation: CuPc), vanadyl phthalocyanine (abbreviation: VOPc), and 4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tris ( N, N-diphenylamino) triphenylamine (abbreviation: TDATA), 4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tris [N- (3-methylphenyl) -N-phenylamino] triphenylamine (abbreviation: MTDATA), 1,3,5-tris [N, N-di (m-tolyl) amino] benzene (abbreviation: m-MTDAB), N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl) -1 , 1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (abbreviation: TPD), 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (abbreviation: NPB), 4,4′- Screw {N- [4- (M-Tolyl) amino] phenyl-N-phenylamino} biphenyl (abbreviation: DNTPD), 4,4′-bis [N- (4-biphenylyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (abbreviation: BBPB), 4, Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, 4 ′, 4 ″ -tri (N-carbazolyl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: TCTA). Among the above-mentioned compounds, aromatic amine compounds typified by TDATA, MTDATA, m-MTDAB, TPD, NPB, DNTPD, BBPB, TCTA, etc. easily generate holes, and are a compound group suitable as an organic compound. It is. The substances described here are mainly substances having a hole mobility of 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / Vs or higher.

As the organic compound having an electron transporting property, tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (abbreviation: Alq ₃ ), tris (4-methyl-8-quinolinolato) aluminum (abbreviation: Almq ₃ ), bis (10-hydroxybenzo [h ] -Quinolinato) beryllium (abbreviation: BeBq ₂ ), bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) -4-phenylphenolato-aluminum (abbreviation: BAlq), etc. Can be used. In addition, bis [2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) benzoxazolate] zinc (abbreviation: Zn (BOX) ₂ ), bis [2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazolate] zinc (abbreviation: Zn (BTZ) A material such as a metal complex having an oxazole-based or thiazole-based ligand such as ₂ ) can also be used. In addition to metal complexes, 2- (4-biphenylyl) -5- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole (abbreviation: PBD), 1,3-bis [5- (P-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl] benzene (abbreviation: OXD-7), 3- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -4-phenyl-5- ( 4-biphenylyl) -1,2,4-triazole (abbreviation: TAZ), 3- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -4- (4-ethylphenyl) -5- (4-biphenylyl) -1,2, 4-triazole (abbreviation: p-EtTAZ), bathophenanthroline (abbreviation: BPhen), bathocuproin (abbreviation: BCP), and the like can be used. The substances mentioned here are mainly substances having an electron mobility of 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / Vs or higher.

  In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 13B, a functional layer 123 is formed using the layer 300 containing an organic compound and the insulating layer 301 formed between the first conductive layer 121 and the layer 300 containing an organic compound. May be.

The insulating layer 301 is a layer that injects holes or electrons from the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer into the layer containing an organic compound by a tunnel effect. The insulating layer 301 is formed to have a thickness with which a charge can be injected into the layer 300 containing an organic compound by a tunnel effect at a predetermined voltage. A typical thickness of the insulating layer 301 is 1 nm to 4 nm, preferably 1 nm to 2 nm. Since the insulating layer 301 is extremely thin with a thickness of 1 nm to 4 nm, a tunneling effect is generated in the insulating layer 301 and charge injection into the layer 300 containing an organic compound is increased. Therefore, when the thickness of the insulating layer 301 is greater than 4 nm, the tunnel effect in the insulating layer 301 does not occur, charge injection into the layer 300 containing an organic compound becomes difficult, and the applied voltage during writing to the memory element increases. To do. In addition, the thickness of the insulating layer 301 is as thin as 1 nm to 4 nm, so that throughput is improved.

The insulating layer 301 is formed using a thermally and chemically stable inorganic compound or organic compound.

Representative examples of the inorganic compound forming the insulating layer _{301, Li 2 O, Na 2 O} , K 2 O, Rb 2 O, BeO, MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, Sc 2 O 3, ZrO 2, HfO 2 RfO ₂ , TaO ₂ , TcO ₂ , MnO ₂ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , CoO, PdO, Ag ₂ O, Al ₂ O ₃ , Ga ₂ O ₃ , Bi ₂ O _3, etc. Things.

Further, as a representative example of the inorganic compound forming the insulating layer _{301, LiF, NaF, KF, RbF} , CsF, BeF 2, MgF 2, CaF 2, SrF 2, BaF 2, AlF 3, NF 3, SF 6, Fluoride having insulating properties typified by AgF ₃ , MnF ₃ , LiCl, NaCl, KCl, BeCl ₂ , CaCl ₂ , BaCl ₂ , AlCl ₃ , SiCl ₄ , GeCl ₄ , SnCl ₄ , AgCl, ZnCl ₂ , TiCl ₄ , TiCl ₃ , ZrCl ₄ , FeCl ₃ , PdCl ₂ , SbCl ₃ , SbCl ₂ , SrCl ₂ , TlCl ₃ , CuCl, CuCl ₂ , MnCl ₂ , RuCl _2, etc., an insulating chloride, KBr, CsBr , AgBr, BaBr ₂ , SiBr ₄ , LiBr, etc. Bromides _{with, NaI, KI, BaI 2,} TlI 3, AgI, TiI 4, CaI 2, SiI 4, include iodides having an insulating property typified by CsI or the like.

As typical examples of the inorganic compound forming the insulating layer 301, Li ₂ CO ₃ , K ₂ CO ₃ , Na ₂ CO ₃ , MgCO ₃ , CaCO ₃ , SrCO ₃ , BaCO ₃ , MnCO ₃ , FeCO ₃ , CoCO ₃ , NiCO ₃ , CuCO ₃ , Ag ₂ CO ₃ , ZnCO _3, etc., insulating carbonates, Li ₂ SO ₄ , K ₂ SO ₄ , Na ₂ SO ₄ , MgSO ₄ , CaSO ₄ , SrSO ₄ , BaSO ₄ , Ti ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ , Zr (SO ₄ ) ₂ , MnSO ₄ , FeSO ₄ , Fe ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ , CoSO ₄ , Co ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ , NiSO ₄ , CuSO ₄ , Ag ₂ SO ₄ , ZnSO ₄ , Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ , In ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ , SnSO ₄ , Sn (SO ₄ ) ₂ , Sb ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ , Bi ₂ (SO ₄ ) _{3 and the} like, insulating sulfates such as LiNO ₃ , KNO ₃ , NaNO ₃ , Mg (NO ₃ ) ₂ , Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ , Sr ( NO ₃ ) ₂ , Ba (NO ₃ ) ₂ , Ti (NO ₃ ) ₄ , Sr (NO ₃ ) ₂ , Ba (NO ₃ ) ₂ , Ti (NO ₃ ) ₄ , Zr (NO ₃ ) ₄ , Mn (NO _{3) 2, Fe (NO 3} ) 2, Fe (NO 3) 3, Co (NO 3) 2, Ni (NO 3) 2, Cu (NO 3) 2, AgNO 3, Zn (NO 3) 2, Al Nitrate having insulation properties typified by (NO ₃ ) ₃ , In (NO ₃ ) ₃ , Sn (NO ₃ ) _2, etc., and nitrides having insulation properties typified by AlN, SiN and the like. In addition, the composition of these inorganic compounds does not need to be a strict integer ratio, and may deviate.

Note that in the case where the insulating layer 301 is formed using an inorganic compound, the thickness of the insulating layer is preferably greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 2 nm. When the thickness of the insulating layer is 3 nm or more, the applied voltage at the time of writing increases.

Representative examples of the organic compound forming the insulating layer 301 include polyimide, acrylic, polyamide, benzocyclobutene, polyester, novolac resin, melamine resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, silicon resin, furan resin, diallyl phthalate resin, and the like. Organic compounds to be used.

As a formation method of the insulating layer 301, an evaporation method, an electron beam evaporation method, a sputtering method, a CVD method, or the like can be used. A spin coating method, a sol-gel method, a printing method, a droplet discharge method, or the like can be used.

  In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 13C, a continuous insulating layer 302 having unevenness may be used as the functional layer 123 instead of the insulating layer 301. However, in this case, it is preferable that the thickness of the convex portion of the insulating layer is 1 nm or more and 4 nm or less, and the thickness of the concave portion is 1 nm or more and less than 2 nm.

In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 13D, a discontinuous insulating layer 303 dispersed over the first conductive layer 121 may be used instead of the insulating layers 301 and 302. The discontinuous insulating layer 303 may have an island shape, a stripe shape, a mesh shape, or the like.

Furthermore, insulating particles may be provided instead of the insulating layers 301 to 303. The insulating particles at this time preferably have a particle size of 1 nm to 4 nm.

Furthermore, the insulating layers 301 to 303 or the insulating particles may be provided between the layer 300 containing an organic compound and the second conductive layer 124.

By providing an insulating layer having a thickness of 4 nm or less, preferably 2 nm or less, between the first conductive layer and the layer containing an organic compound, or between the layer containing an organic compound and the second conductive layer, the insulation is performed. Since a tunnel current flows through the layer, variation in applied voltage and current value at the time of writing to the memory element can be reduced. Further, by providing an insulating layer having a thickness of 4 nm or less, preferably 2 nm or less, between the first conductive layer and the layer containing an organic compound, or between the layer containing an organic compound and the second conductive layer, Charge injection due to the tunnel effect is increased, the thickness of the layer containing an organic compound can be increased, and a short circuit in the initial state can be prevented. As a result, the reliability of the memory device and the semiconductor device can be improved.

Further, as a structure different from the above structure, the functional layer 123 includes the layer 300 containing an organic compound and the first conductive layer 121 and the layer 300 containing an organic compound or the second conductive layer 124 and an organic compound. It may be formed by the element 306 having a rectifying action formed between the layers 300 (FIG. 13E). The element 306 having a rectifying action is typically a Schottky diode, a diode having a PN junction, a diode having a PIN junction, or a transistor in which a gate electrode and a drain electrode are connected. Of course, other configurations of diodes may be used. Here, a case where a PN junction diode including the semiconductor layers 304 and 305 is provided between the first conductive layer 121 and the layer 300 including an organic compound is shown. One of the semiconductor layers 304 and 305 is an N-type semiconductor and the other is a P-type semiconductor. By providing an element having a rectifying action in this manner, the selectivity of the memory element can be improved and the margin for reading and writing can be improved.

  In the case where the element 126 is an EL element, a light emitting material is used for the functional layer 123. Here, a structure of the EL element is described below with reference to FIGS.

In addition, by forming a layer having a light emitting function using an organic compound (hereinafter referred to as a light emitting layer 313) in the functional layer 123, the element 126 functions as an organic EL element.

Examples of the light-emitting organic compound include 9,10-di (2-naphthyl) anthracene (abbreviation: DNA) and 2-tert-butyl-9,10-di (2-naphthyl) anthracene (abbreviation: t-BuDNA). ), 4,4′-bis (2,2-diphenylvinyl) biphenyl (abbreviation: DPVBi), coumarin 30, coumarin 6, coumarin 545, coumarin 545T, perylene, rubrene, periflanthene, 2,5,8,11-tetra (Tert-butyl) perylene (abbreviation: TBP), 9,10-diphenylanthracene (abbreviation: DPA), 5,12-diphenyltetracene, 4- (dicyanomethylene) -2-methyl-6- [p- (dimethylamino) ) Styryl] -4H-pyran (abbreviation: DCM1), 4- (dicyanomethylene) -2-methyl-6- [2- Loridin-9-yl) ethenyl] -4H-pyran (abbreviation: DCM2), 4- (dicyanomethylene) -2,6-bis [p- (dimethylamino) styryl] -4H-pyran (abbreviation: BisDCM) and the like. Can be mentioned. In addition, bis [2- (4 ′, 6′-difluorophenyl) pyridinato-N, C ² ] (picolinato) iridium (abbreviation: FIrpic), bis {2- [3 ′, 5′-bis (trifluoromethyl) Phenyl] pyridinato-N, C ² } (picolinato) iridium (abbreviation: Ir (CF ₃ ppy) ₂ (pic)), Tris (2-phenylpyridinato-N, C ² ) iridium (abbreviation: Ir (ppy)) _3), (acetylacetonato) bis (2-phenylpyridinato--N, ^{C 2)} iridium (abbreviation: _Ir (ppy) 2 (acac)), (acetylacetonato) bis [2- (2'-thienyl ) pyridinato -N, ^{C 3]} iridium _{(abbreviation: Ir (thp) 2 (acac} )), ( acetylacetonato) bis (2-phenylquinolinato--N, ^{C 2)} iridium ( _Aka: such as 2 (acac)): Ir ( pq) 2 (acac)), (Ir (btp acetylacetonato) bis [2- (2'-benzothienyl) pyridinato -N, ^{C 3]} iridium (abbreviation) A compound capable of emitting phosphorescence can also be used.

  As shown in FIG. 14A, a hole injection layer 311 formed of a hole injection material, a hole transport layer 312 formed of a hole transport material, and light emission on the first conductive layer 121. A light-emitting element including a light-emitting layer 313 formed using an organic compound, an electron transport layer 314 formed using an electron-transport material, an electron injection layer 315 formed using an electron-inject material, and a second conductive layer 124 The element 126 to be formed may be formed.

  As the hole-transporting material, the hole-transporting materials listed for the layer 300 containing an organic compound in FIG. 13A can be used as appropriate.

As the hole injecting material, there is a material obtained by chemically doping a conductive polymer compound in addition to the above hole transporting material. Polyethylenedioxythiophene (abbreviation: PEDOT) doped with polystyrene sulfonic acid (abbreviation: PSS). ) And polyaniline (abbreviation: PAni) can also be used. Also effective are inorganic semiconductor thin films such as molybdenum oxide (MoO _x ), vanadium oxide (VO _x ), nickel oxide (NiO _x ), and ultra-thin films of inorganic insulators such as aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ). .

Here, as the electron-transporting material, the electron-transporting materials listed in the layer 300 including the organic compound in FIG. 13A can be used as appropriate.

As the electron injection material, in addition to the above-described electron transporting materials, alkali metal halides such as LiF and CsF, alkaline earth halides such as CaF ₂ , and alkali metal oxides such as Li ₂ O are used. Insulator ultrathin films are often used. In addition, alkali metal complexes such as lithium acetylacetonate (abbreviation: Li (acac) and 8-quinolinolato-lithium (abbreviation: Liq) are also effective. It is also possible to use a material in which a metal having a small work function is mixed by co-evaporation.

As shown in FIG. 14B, the first conductive layer 121, a hole transport layer 316 formed of an organic compound and an inorganic compound having an electron accepting property with respect to the organic compound, a light emitting layer 313, an organic compound Alternatively, the electron transport layer 317 formed using an inorganic compound having an electron donating property with respect to the organic compound, and the element 126 functioning as a light-emitting element may be formed using the second conductive layer 124.

The hole transport layer 316 formed of an organic compound and an inorganic compound having an electron accepting property with respect to the organic compound is formed using the above-described hole transporting organic compound as appropriate as the organic compound. The inorganic compound may be anything as long as it can easily receive electrons from the organic compound, and various metal oxides or metal nitrides can be used. Such transition metal oxides are preferable because they easily exhibit electron accepting properties. Specific examples include titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, rhenium oxide, ruthenium oxide, and zinc oxide. Among the metal oxides described above, any of the transition metal oxides in Groups 4 to 8 of the periodic table has a high electron accepting property and is a preferred group. Vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, and rhenium oxide are particularly preferable because they can be vacuum-deposited and are easy to handle.

The electron transport layer 317 formed of an organic compound and an inorganic compound having an electron donating property with respect to the organic compound is formed using the above-described electron transport organic compound as appropriate as the organic compound. The inorganic compound may be anything as long as it easily gives an electron to the organic compound, and various metal oxides or metal nitrides can be used. Alkali metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides can be used. Rare earth metal oxides, alkali metal nitrides, alkaline earth metal nitrides, and rare earth metal nitrides are preferred because they easily exhibit electron donating properties. Specific examples include lithium oxide, strontium oxide, barium oxide, erbium oxide, lithium nitride, magnesium nitride, calcium nitride, yttrium nitride, and lanthanum nitride. In particular, lithium oxide, barium oxide, lithium nitride, magnesium nitride, and calcium nitride are preferable because they can be vacuum-deposited and are easy to handle.

Since the electron transport layer 317 or the hole transport layer 316 formed of an organic compound and an inorganic compound has excellent electron injection / transport characteristics, both the first conductive layer 121 and the second conductive layer 124 have almost a work function. Various materials can be used without being restricted. In addition, the driving voltage can be reduced.

In addition, since the functional layer 123 includes a layer having a light emitting function using an inorganic compound (hereinafter referred to as a light emitting layer 319), the element 126 functions as an inorganic EL element. Inorganic EL elements are classified into a dispersion-type inorganic EL element and a thin-film inorganic EL element depending on the element structure. The former has an electroluminescent layer in which particles of a luminescent material are dispersed in a binder, and the latter has an electroluminescent layer made of a thin film of luminescent material, but is accelerated by a high electric field. This is common in that it requires more electrons. Note that the obtained light emission mechanism includes donor-acceptor recombination light emission using a donor level and an acceptor level, and localized light emission using inner-shell electron transition of a metal ion. In general, the dispersion-type inorganic EL often has donor-acceptor recombination light emission, and the thin-film inorganic EL element often has localized light emission. The structure of the inorganic EL element is shown below.

A light-emitting material that can be used in the present invention includes a base material and an impurity element serving as a light emission center. By changing the impurity element to be contained, light emission of various colors can be obtained. As a method for manufacturing the light-emitting material, various methods such as a solid phase method and a liquid phase method (coprecipitation method) can be used. Also, spray pyrolysis method, metathesis method, precursor thermal decomposition method, reverse micelle method, method combining these methods with high temperature firing, liquid phase method such as freeze-drying method, etc. can be used.

The solid phase method is a method in which a base material and an impurity element or a compound containing the impurity element are weighed, mixed in a mortar, heated and fired in an electric furnace, reacted, and the base material contains the impurity element. The firing temperature is preferably 700 to 1500 ° C. This is because the solid phase reaction does not proceed when the temperature is too low, and the base material is decomposed when the temperature is too high. In addition, although baking may be performed in a powder state, it is preferable to perform baking in a pellet state. Although firing at a relatively high temperature is required, it is a simple method, so it has high productivity and is suitable for mass production.

The liquid phase method (coprecipitation method) is a method in which a base material or a compound containing the base material and an impurity element or a compound containing the impurity element are reacted in a solution, dried, and then fired. The particles of the luminescent material are uniformly distributed, and the reaction can proceed even at a low firing temperature with a small particle size.

As a base material used for the light-emitting material, sulfide, oxide, or nitride can be used. Examples of the sulfide include zinc sulfide (ZnS), cadmium sulfide (CdS), calcium sulfide (CaS), yttrium sulfide (Y ₂ S ₃ ), gallium sulfide (Ga ₂ S ₃ ), strontium sulfide (SrS), sulfide. Barium (BaS) or the like can be used. As the oxide, for example, zinc oxide (ZnO), yttrium oxide (Y ₂ O ₃ ), or the like can be used. As the nitride, for example, aluminum nitride (AlN), gallium nitride (GaN), indium nitride (InN), or the like can be used. Furthermore, zinc selenide (ZnSe), zinc telluride (ZnTe), and the like can also be used. Calcium sulfide-gallium sulfide (CaGa ₂ S ₄ ), strontium sulfide-gallium sulfide (SrGa ₂ S ₄ ), barium sulfide-gallium (BaGa). _It may be a ternary mixed crystal such as ₂ S ₄ ).

As emission centers of localized emission, manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), samarium (Sm), terbium (Tb), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), europium (Eu), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr) or the like can be used. Note that a halogen element such as fluorine (F) or chlorine (Cl) may be added as charge compensation.

On the other hand, a light-emitting material containing a first impurity element that forms a donor level and a second impurity element that forms an acceptor level can be used as the emission center of donor-acceptor recombination light emission. As the first impurity element, for example, fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), aluminum (Al), or the like can be used. For example, copper (Cu), silver (Ag), or the like can be used as the second impurity element.

In the case where a light-emitting material for donor-acceptor recombination light emission is synthesized using a solid-phase method, a base material, a first impurity element or a compound containing the first impurity element, a second impurity element, or a second impurity element Each compound containing an impurity element is weighed and mixed in a mortar, and then heated and fired in an electric furnace. As the base material, the above-described base material can be used, and examples of the first impurity element or the compound containing the first impurity element include fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), and aluminum sulfide (Al ₂ S). ₃ ) etc. can be used. In addition, as the second impurity element or the compound containing the second impurity element, for example, copper (Cu), silver (Ag), copper sulfide (Cu ₂ S), silver sulfide (Ag ₂ S), or the like is used. Can do. The firing temperature is preferably 700 to 1500 ° C. This is because the solid phase reaction does not proceed when the temperature is too low, and the base material is decomposed when the temperature is too high. In addition, although baking may be performed in a powder state, it is preferable to perform baking in a pellet state.

In addition, as an impurity element in the case of using a solid phase reaction, a compound including a first impurity element and a second impurity element may be used in combination. In this case, since the impurity element is easily diffused and the solid-phase reaction easily proceeds, a uniform light emitting material can be obtained. Further, since no extra impurity element is contained, a light-emitting material with high purity can be obtained. As the compound including the first impurity element and the second impurity element, for example, copper chloride (CuCl), silver chloride (AgCl), or the like can be used.

Note that the concentration of these impurity elements may be 0.01 to 10 atom% with respect to the base material, and is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 5 atom%.

  FIG. 14C illustrates a cross section of an inorganic EL element in which the functional layer 123 includes a first insulating layer 318, a light-emitting layer 319, and a second insulating layer 320.

In the case of a thin-film inorganic EL, the light emitting layer 319 is a layer containing the above light emitting material, and a physical vapor deposition method (such as a resistance heating vapor deposition method, a vacuum vapor deposition method such as an electron beam vapor deposition (EB vapor deposition) method, or a sputtering method ( PVD), metal organic chemical vapor deposition (CVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD) such as hydride transport low pressure CVD, atomic layer epitaxy (ALE), or the like.

The first insulating layer 318 and the second insulating layer 320 are not particularly limited. However, the first insulating layer 318 and the second insulating layer 320 preferably have a high withstand voltage, a dense film quality, and a high dielectric constant. For example, silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ), yttrium oxide (Y ₂ O ₃ ), titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ), aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ), hafnium oxide (HfO ₂ ), tantalum oxide (Ta ₂ O ₅ ), Barium titanate (BaTiO ₃ ), strontium titanate (SrTiO ₃ ), lead titanate (PbTiO ₃ ), silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ), zirconium oxide (ZrO ₂ ), etc., a mixed film thereof, or two or more kinds thereof A laminated film can be used. The first insulating layer 318 and the second insulating layer 320 can be formed by sputtering, vapor deposition, CVD, or the like. The film thickness is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 10 to 1000 nm. Note that the light-emitting element of this embodiment mode does not necessarily require hot electrons, and thus can be formed into a thin film and has an advantage that a driving voltage can be reduced. The film thickness is preferably 500 nm or less, more preferably 100 nm or less.

Note that although not illustrated, a buffer layer may be provided between the light-emitting layer and the insulating layer, or between the light-emitting layer and the electrode. This buffer layer has a role of facilitating carrier injection and suppressing mixing of both layers. The buffer layer, but is no particular limitation, for example, ZnS is the host material of the luminescent _{layer, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdS, SrS} , BaS, CuS, Cu 2 S, LiF, CaF 2, BaF 2, MgF ₂ etc. can be used.

  In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 14D, the functional layer 123 may include a light-emitting layer 319 and a first insulating layer 318. In this case, FIG. 14D illustrates a mode in which the first insulating layer 318 is provided between the second conductive layer 124 and the light-emitting layer 319. Note that the first insulating layer 318 may be provided between the first conductive layer 121 and the light-emitting layer 319.

  Furthermore, the functional layer 123 may be composed of only the light emitting layer 319. That is, the element 126 may be formed using the first conductive layer 121, the functional layer 123, and the second conductive layer 124.

  In the case of a dispersion-type inorganic EL, a particulate luminescent material is dispersed in a binder to form a film-like electroluminescent layer. When particles having a desired size cannot be obtained sufficiently by the method for manufacturing a light emitting material, the particles may be processed into particles by pulverization or the like in a mortar or the like. The binder is a substance for fixing the particulate light emitting material in a dispersed state and maintaining the shape as an electroluminescent layer. The light emitting material is uniformly dispersed and fixed in the electroluminescent layer by the binder.

In the case of a dispersion-type inorganic EL, the electroluminescent layer can be formed by a droplet discharge method capable of selectively forming an electroluminescent layer, a printing method (screen printing, offset printing, etc.), a coating method such as a spin coating method, dipping, etc. It is also possible to use a method or a dispenser method. The film thickness is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 10 to 1000 nm. In the electroluminescent layer including the light emitting material and the binder, the ratio of the light emitting material may be 50 wt% or more and 80 wt% or less.

The element in FIG. 14E includes a first conductive layer 121, a functional layer 123, and a second conductive layer 124. The functional layer 123 includes a light-emitting layer and an insulating layer in which a light-emitting material 326 is dispersed in a binder 325. 318. Note that although the insulating layer 318 is in contact with the second conductive layer 124 in FIG. 14E, the insulating layer 318 may be in contact with the first conductive layer 121. The element may include an insulating layer in contact with each of the first conductive layer 121 and the second conductive layer 124. Further, the element does not need to have an insulating layer in contact with the first conductive layer 121 and the second conductive layer 124.

As a binder that can be used in this embodiment mode, an organic material or an inorganic material can be used. Further, a mixed material of an organic material and an inorganic material may be used. As the organic material, a polymer having a relatively high dielectric constant such as a cyanoethyl cellulose resin, or an organic resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene resin, silicone resin, epoxy resin, or vinylidene fluoride can be used. Alternatively, a heat-resistant polymer such as aromatic polyamide, polybenzimidazole, or siloxane resin may be used. Note that a siloxane resin corresponds to a resin including a Si—O—Si bond. Siloxane has a skeleton structure formed of a bond of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O). As a substituent, an organic group containing at least hydrogen (for example, an alkyl group or an aryl group) is used. A fluoro group may be used as a substituent. Alternatively, an organic group containing at least hydrogen and a fluoro group may be used as a substituent. Moreover, resin materials such as vinyl resins such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl butyral, phenol resins, novolac resins, acrylic resins, melamine resins, urethane resins, and oxazole resins (polybenzoxazole) may be used. Moreover, a photocuring type etc. can be used. The dielectric constant can be adjusted by appropriately mixing fine particles of high dielectric constant such as barium titanate (BaTiO ₃ ) and strontium titanate (SrTiO ₃ ) with these resins.

The inorganic material used for the binder, silicon oxide _(SiO x), silicon nitride _(SiN x), silicon containing oxygen and nitrogen, aluminum nitride (AlN), aluminum or aluminum oxide containing oxygen and nitrogen _(Al 2 O ₃ ), titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ), BaTiO ₃ , SrTiO ₃ , lead titanate (PbTiO ₃ ), potassium niobate (KNbO ₃ ), lead niobate (PbNbO ₃ ), tantalum oxide (Ta ₂ O ₅ ), tantalum It is possible to use a material selected from substances including barium oxide (BaTa ₂ O ₆ ), lithium tantalate (LiTaO ₃ ), yttrium oxide (Y ₂ O ₃ ), zirconium oxide (ZrO ₂ ), ZnS, and other inorganic materials. it can. By including an organic material with an inorganic material having a high dielectric constant (by addition or the like), the dielectric constant of the electroluminescent layer made of the light emitting material and the binder can be further controlled, and the dielectric constant can be further increased. .

In the manufacturing process, a light-emitting material is dispersed in a solution containing a binder. As a solvent for a solution containing a binder that can be used in this embodiment, a method for forming a light-emitting layer by dissolving the binder material (various types) A solvent capable of producing a solution having a viscosity suitable for a wet process) and a desired film thickness may be appropriately selected. For example, when a siloxane resin is used as a binder, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (also referred to as PGMEA), 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol (also referred to as MMB). Etc. can be used.

An inorganic EL light emitting element can emit light by applying a voltage between a pair of electrode layers sandwiching a light emitting layer, but can operate in either direct current drive or alternating current drive.

  In the case where the element 126 is a diode or a photoelectric conversion element, a material whose electrical characteristics change due to light irradiation is used for the functional layer 123. As a material whose electrical characteristics change by light irradiation, an inorganic semiconductor material, an organic compound, or the like can be used.

  As the inorganic semiconductor, amorphous silicon, amorphous silicon germanium, microcrystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon germanium, or the like can be formed by a CVD method, a sputtering method, or the like. As the organic compound, an organic semiconductor material is preferably used. Typically, a π-electron conjugated polymer material whose skeleton includes a conjugated double bond is desirable. Typically, a soluble polymer material such as polythiophene, poly (3-alkylthiophene), or a polythiophene derivative can be used. In addition, a semiconductor layer can be formed by processing after forming a soluble precursor. Examples of the organic semiconductor material that passes through such a precursor include polythienylene vinylene, poly (2,5-thienylene vinylene), polyacetylene, a polyacetylene derivative, and polyarylene vinylene. When converting the precursor into an organic semiconductor, a reaction catalyst such as hydrogen chloride gas is added as well as heat treatment. Typical solvents for dissolving these soluble organic semiconductor materials include toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, anisole, chloroform, dichloromethane, γ-butyllactone, butyl cellosolve, cyclohexane, NMP (N-methyl-2 -Pyrrolidone), cyclohexanone, 2-butanone, dioxane, dimethylformamide (DMF) or THF (tetrahydrofuran). Furthermore, the functional layer 123 can be a bonding layer of a charge generation layer and a charge reception layer formed of an organic compound.

  Here, a mode in which the functional layer 123 is formed using a bonding layer of a charge generation layer and a charge reception layer will be described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 15A, the photoelectric conversion element and the diode are stacked by sequentially providing a first conductive layer 121, a charge generation layer 321, a charge receiving layer 322, and a second conductive layer 124. It is a structure.

  The first conductive layer 121 or the second conductive layer 124 is formed using a light-transmitting conductive layer. For the charge generation layer 321 and the charge reception layer 322, the above-described organic compound having a hole-transport property and an organic compound having an electron-transport property in the layer 300 containing an organic compound in FIG. What is necessary is just to form. As the electron-transporting organic compound, a perylene derivative, a naphthalene derivative, a quinone, methyl viologen, fullerene, an organometallic compound containing ruthenium, platinum, titanium, or the like may be used. Here, the charge generation layer 321 is formed using a compound having a hole-transport property, and the charge-accepting layer 322 is formed using a compound having an electron-transport property.

As shown in FIG. 15B, an electron transport layer 323 formed of an organic compound having an electron transporting property and an inorganic compound having an electron donating property with respect to the organic compound is used instead of the charge receiving layer 322. May be formed. The electron-transport layer 323 is formed by appropriately selecting a compound shown in the electron-transport layer 317 formed of the electron-transport organic compound shown in FIG. 14B and an inorganic compound having an electron-donating property with respect to the organic compound. be able to.

As shown in FIG. 15C, instead of the charge generation layer 321, an electron generation layer 324 formed of an organic compound having an electron transporting property and an inorganic compound having an electron accepting property with respect to the organic compound is used. May be formed. The electron-generating layer 324 is formed by appropriately selecting a compound shown in the hole-transporting layer 316 formed of an electron-transporting organic compound shown in FIG. 14B and an inorganic compound having an electron-accepting property with respect to the organic compound. can do.

Further, as shown in FIG. 15D, an electron generating layer 324 formed of an organic compound having a hole transporting property and an inorganic compound having an electron accepting property with respect to the organic compound, and an organic material having an electron transporting property You may form the electron carrying layer 323 formed with the inorganic compound which has an electron donating property with respect to a compound and an organic compound.

By forming a layer containing an organic compound with the bonded charge generation layer and charge reception layer, electrons and holes generated in the charge generation layer can be converted into electron carriers and hole carriers that become photocurrents. is there. As a result, a solar cell and a photoelectric conversion device that can convert light energy into electrical energy can be manufactured.

In addition, when the charge generation layer or the charge reception layer is formed using an organic compound and an inorganic compound, generation efficiency of electrons and holes can be improved. As a result, a photoelectric conversion element and a solar cell with high energy conversion efficiency can be realized.

(Embodiment 6)
In this embodiment, a typical example of the structure of the element formation layer 104 in Embodiments 1 to 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 shows a process for manufacturing a passive matrix liquid crystal display device, and FIG. 8 shows a process for manufacturing an active matrix liquid crystal display device. Note that although this embodiment mode is described using Embodiment Mode 1, any of Embodiment Modes 2 to 4 can be applied. In this embodiment mode, a mode in which the element formation layer 104 includes a liquid crystal element including a first conductive layer, a liquid crystal layer, and a second conductive layer is described.

  As in Embodiment 1, a photocatalyst layer 102 is formed over a light-transmitting substrate 101 and an organic compound layer 103 is formed over the photocatalyst layer 102 as shown in FIG. Next, the insulating layer 120 may be formed over the organic compound layer 103. A first conductive layer 151 is formed over the insulating layer 120. The first conductive layers 151 are preferably formed in parallel. Next, the insulating layer 152 functioning as an alignment film is formed over the first conductive layer 151.

  Further, through the same process as described above, the second conductive layer 154 is formed over the flexible substrate 153, and the insulating layer 155 functioning as an alignment film is formed over the second conductive layer. Similarly to the first conductive layer 151, the second conductive layer 154 is preferably formed in parallel.

  The insulating layers 152 and 155 functioning as alignment films can be formed by forming a polymer compound layer such as polyimide or polyvinyl alcohol by a printing method, a roll coating method, or the like, and then rubbing. Moreover, SiO can be formed by vapor deposition with respect to the substrate. Further, it can be formed by irradiating a photoreactive polymer compound with polarized UV light and polymerizing the photoreactive polymer compound.

For the first conductive layer 151 and the second conductive layer 154, the materials and manufacturing methods of the first conductive layer 121 and the second conductive layer 124 described in Embodiment 5 can be used as appropriate. Note that in the case where the liquid crystal display device is a light-transmitting liquid crystal display device, the first conductive layer 151 and the second conductive layer 154 are formed using a light-transmitting conductive layer. In the case where the liquid crystal display device is a reflective liquid crystal display device, one of the first conductive layer 151 and the second conductive layer 154 is formed using a light-transmitting conductive layer, and the first conductive layer 151 or the second conductive layer 154 is formed. The other of the two conductive layers 154 is formed using a reflective conductive layer.

  Further, a spacer may be provided between the insulating layers 152 and 155 in order to maintain a distance between the light-transmitting substrate 101 and the flexible substrate 153. Alternatively, after the spacer is formed over the insulating layer 120 or the flexible substrate 153, the insulating layer 152 or the insulating layer 155 may be formed. The spacer is formed by applying an organic resin and etching the organic resin into a desired shape, typically a columnar shape or a cylindrical shape. Further, a bead spacer may be used as the spacer.

  Note that a colored layer may be provided between the second conductive layer 154 and the flexible substrate 153. The colored layer is necessary for color display. In the case of the RGB system, a colored layer corresponding to each color of red, green, and blue is provided corresponding to each pixel.

  Next, the light-transmitting substrate 101 and the flexible substrate 153 are attached to each other with a sealant 157. In addition, a liquid crystal layer 156 is formed between the light-transmitting substrate 101 and the flexible substrate 153. The light-transmitting substrate 101 and the flexible substrate 153 are attached to each other with a sealant so that the first conductive layer 151 and the second conductive layer 154 intersect each other. The liquid crystal layer 156 is formed by injecting a liquid crystal material into a region surrounded by the light-transmitting substrate 101, the flexible substrate 153, and the sealant 157 by a vacuum injection method using a capillary phenomenon. Can be formed. In addition, a sealing material 157 is formed on one of the light-transmitting substrate 101 and the flexible substrate 153, and a liquid crystal material is dropped on a region surrounded by the sealing material, and then the light-transmitting substrate and the flexible substrate 153 are flexible. The liquid crystal layer 156 can be formed by pressure-bonding a substrate having a property with a sealant under reduced pressure.

As the sealing material 157, a thermosetting epoxy resin, a UV curable acrylic resin, thermoplastic nylon, polyester, or the like can be formed using a dispenser method, a printing method, a thermocompression bonding method, or the like. Note that a space between the light-transmitting substrate 101 and the flexible substrate 153 can be maintained by spraying a filler on the sealant 157.

  As the flexible substrate 153, a substrate similar to the flexible substrate that can be provided on the surface of the element formation layer 104 described in Embodiment 1 can be selected as appropriate.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 7B, the photocatalyst layer 102 is irradiated with light 105 through the light-transmitting substrate 101. As a result, the photocatalytic layer 102 is activated. As a result, as shown in FIG. 7C, the photocatalyst layer 102 and the organic compound layer 103 are separated.

  Through the above steps, as illustrated in FIG. 7C, a semiconductor device 158 including the liquid crystal element 150 and the organic compound layer 103 and functioning as a liquid crystal display device can be manufactured. Note that after the peeling step illustrated in FIG. 7C, a flexible substrate 130 may be provided on the surface of the organic compound layer 103 to manufacture the semiconductor device 159 as illustrated in FIG. .

  As shown in FIG. 8A, a switching element may be connected to the liquid crystal element 162 in the element formation layer. Examples of the switching element include a thin film transistor, a MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal), and a diode. Here, a mode in which a thin film transistor 141 is used as a switching element is shown.

  That is, as illustrated in FIG. 8A, the photocatalyst layer 102 is formed over the light-transmitting substrate 101, and the organic compound layer 103 is formed over the photocatalyst layer 102. Next, a thin film transistor 141 functioning as a switching element is formed over the organic compound layer 103. Next, a first conductive layer 161 connected to the wiring of the thin film transistor 141 is formed with the insulating layer 160 interposed therebetween. Note that the wiring 1405 of the thin film transistor 141 and the first conductive layer 161 are connected to each other through the insulating layer 160; however, the present invention is not limited to this structure, and the first conductive layer 161 may be formed using the wiring of the thin film transistor 141. Good. Note that the first conductive layer 161 is formed for each pixel.

  In addition, the second conductive layer 154 and the insulating layer 155 functioning as an alignment film are formed over the flexible substrate 153. The second conductive layer 154 may be formed over the entire pixel portion so as to be a common electrode of each pixel.

  Next, the light-transmitting substrate 101 and the flexible substrate 153 are attached to each other with a sealant 157. In addition, a liquid crystal layer 156 is formed between the light-transmitting substrate 101 and the flexible substrate 153.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 8B, the photocatalyst layer 102 is irradiated with light 105 through the light-transmitting substrate 101. As a result, the photocatalytic layer 102 is activated. As a result, as shown in FIG. 8C, the photocatalyst layer 102 and the organic compound layer 103 are separated.

  Through the above steps, a semiconductor device 163 including a liquid crystal element 162 and an organic compound layer 103 can be manufactured as illustrated in FIG. Note that after the peeling step illustrated in FIG. 8C, a flexible substrate 130 may be provided on the surface of the organic compound layer 103, whereby the semiconductor device 164 illustrated in FIG. 8D may be manufactured. .

  Through the above steps, a flexible semiconductor device can be manufactured.

(Embodiment 7)
In this embodiment, a typical example of the structure of the element formation layer 104 in Embodiments 1 to 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 shows a process for manufacturing a passive matrix electrophoretic display device having an electrophoretic element, and FIG. 10 shows a process for manufacturing an active matrix electrophoretic display device having an electrophoretic element. Note that although this embodiment mode is described using Embodiment Mode 1, any of Embodiment Modes 2 to 4 can be applied. An electrophoretic element is a microcapsule in which a positive and negative charged black and white particle is confined between a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer. This is an element that performs display by generating a potential difference in the second conductive layer and moving black and white particles between the electrodes.

  As in Embodiment 1, a photocatalyst layer 102 is formed over a light-transmitting substrate 101 and an organic compound layer 103 is formed over the photocatalyst layer 102 as shown in FIG. 9A. Next, the insulating layer 120 may be formed over the organic compound layer 103. Next, the first conductive layer 171 is formed over the insulating layer 120. The first conductive layers 171 are preferably formed in parallel.

  Further, the second conductive layer 173 is formed over the flexible substrate 172 by a process similar to the above. The second conductive layer 173 is also preferably formed in parallel.

For the first conductive layer 171 and the second conductive layer 173, the materials and manufacturing methods of the first conductive layer 121 and the second conductive layer 124 described in Embodiment 5 can be used as appropriate.

  Next, the light-transmitting substrate 101 and the flexible substrate 172 are attached to each other with a sealant. An electrophoretic element is formed between the light-transmitting substrate 101 and the flexible substrate 172. The light-transmitting substrate 101 and the flexible substrate 172 are attached to each other with a sealant so that the first conductive layer 171 and the second conductive layer 173 intersect with each other. In addition, the electrophoretic element includes a first conductive layer 171, microcapsules 170, and a second conductive layer 173. Further, the microcapsule 170 is fixed between the first conductive layer 171 and the second conductive layer 173 by a binder.

  Next, the structure of the microcapsule will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B, in the microcapsule 170, a transparent dispersion medium 176, charged black particles 175a, and white particles 175b are dispersed in a fine transparent container 174. In place of the black particles 175a, blue particles, red particles, green particles, yellow particles, blue-green particles, and red-violet particles may be used. Further, as shown in FIGS. 17C and 17D, a microcapsule 330 in which a colored dispersion medium 333 and white particles 332 are dispersed in a fine transparent container 331 may be used. Note that the colored dispersion medium 333 is colored in black, blue, red, green, yellow, blue-green, or reddish purple. Further, by providing each pixel with microcapsules in which blue particles, red particles, and green particles are dispersed, color display can be performed. In addition, by providing microcapsules in which yellow particles, blue-green particles, and red-violet particles are dispersed, color display can be performed. In addition, color display can be performed by arranging microcapsules in which white particles or black particles are dispersed in a blue, red, or green dispersion medium in one pixel. In addition, color display can be performed by arranging microcapsules having yellow, blue-green, and magenta dispersion media in one pixel.

  Next, a display method using an electrophoretic element will be described. Specifically, a display method of the microcapsule 170 having two-color particles is described with reference to FIGS. Here, a microcapsule using white particles and black particles as two-color particles and having a transparent dispersion medium is shown. Note that particles of other colors may be used instead of the black particles of the two colors.

  In the microcapsule 170, it is assumed that the black particles 175a are positively charged and the white particles 175b are negatively charged, and a voltage is applied to the first conductive layer 171 and the second conductive layer 173. Here, when an electric field is generated in the direction from the second conductive layer to the first conductive layer, the black particles 175a migrate to the second conductive layer 173 side as shown in FIG. The white particles 175b migrate to the conductive layer 171 side. As a result, when the microcapsule is viewed from the first conductive layer 171 side, it is observed as white, and when viewed from the second conductive layer 173 side, it is observed as black.

  On the other hand, when a voltage is applied in the direction from the first conductive layer 171 to the second conductive layer 173, the black particles 175a migrate to the first conductive layer 171 side as shown in FIG. White particles 175b migrate to the second conductive layer 173 side. As a result, when the microcapsule is viewed from the first conductive layer 171 side, it is observed as white, and when viewed from the second conductive layer 173 side, it is observed as black.

  Next, a display method of the microcapsule 330 including white particles and a colored dispersion medium is described. Here, an example in which the dispersion medium is colored in black is shown, but the same applies even when a dispersion medium colored in another color is used.

  In the microcapsule 330, it is assumed that the white particles 332 are negatively charged, and a voltage is applied to the first conductive layer 171 and the second conductive layer 173. Here, when an electric field is generated in the direction from the second conductive layer to the first conductive layer, the white particles 175b migrate to the first conductive layer 171 side as illustrated in FIG. As a result, when the microcapsule is viewed from the first conductive layer 171 side, it is observed as white, and when viewed from the second conductive layer 173 side, it is observed as black.

  On the other hand, when an electric field is generated in the direction from the first conductive layer to the second conductive layer, white particles 175b migrate to the second conductive layer 173 side as illustrated in FIG. As a result, when the microcapsule is viewed from the first conductive layer 171 side, it is observed as white, and when viewed from the second conductive layer 173 side, it is observed as black.

Here, the electrophoretic element has been described, but a display device using a twisting ball display method may be used instead. In the twisting ball display method, spherical particles that are separately painted in white and black are arranged between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, and a potential difference is generated between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. In this method, display is performed by controlling the orientation of the spherical particles.

  As the flexible substrate 172, a substrate similar to the flexible substrate that can be provided on the surface of the element formation layer 104 described in Embodiment 1 can be selected as appropriate.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 9B, the photocatalyst layer 102 is irradiated with light 105 through the light-transmitting substrate 101. As a result, the photocatalytic layer 102 is activated. As a result, as shown in FIG. 9C, the photocatalyst layer 102 and the organic compound layer 103 are separated.

  Through the above steps, a semiconductor device 177 including an electrophoretic element and the organic compound layer 103 can be manufactured as illustrated in FIG. Note that after the peeling step illustrated in FIG. 9C, a flexible substrate 130 may be provided on the surface of the organic compound layer 103, whereby the semiconductor device 178 illustrated in FIG. 9D may be manufactured. .

  Further, as shown in FIG. 10A, a switching element may be connected to the electrophoretic element. Examples of the switching element include a thin film transistor, a MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal), and a diode. Here, a mode in which a thin film transistor 141 is used as a switching element is shown.

  That is, as illustrated in FIG. 8A, the photocatalyst layer 102 is formed over the light-transmitting substrate 101, and the organic compound layer 103 is formed over the photocatalyst layer 102. Next, the insulating layer 120 is formed over the organic compound layer 103, and the thin film transistor 141 functioning as a switching element is formed over the insulating layer 120. Next, a first conductive layer 181 connected to the wiring of the thin film transistor 141 is formed with the insulating layer 180 interposed therebetween. Note that the wiring of the thin film transistor 141 and the first conductive layer 181 are connected to each other through the insulating layer 180; however, the structure is not limited thereto, and the first conductive layer 181 may be formed by the wiring of the thin film transistor 141. . Note that the first conductive layer 181 is formed for each pixel.

  In addition, the second conductive layer 173 is formed over the flexible substrate 172. The second conductive layer 173 may be formed over the entire pixel portion so as to be a common electrode of each pixel.

  Next, the light-transmitting substrate 101 and the flexible substrate 172 are attached to each other with a sealant. An electrophoretic element is formed between the light-transmitting substrate 101 and the flexible substrate 172.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 10B, the photocatalyst layer 102 is irradiated with light 105 through the light-transmitting substrate 101. As a result, the photocatalytic layer 102 is activated. As a result, as shown in FIG. 10C, the photocatalyst layer 102 and the organic compound layer 103 are separated.

  A display device having an electrophoretic element or a display device using a twisting ball display system maintains the same state as when an electric field is applied for a long time after the field effect transistor is removed. Thus, the display state can be maintained even when the power is turned off. For this reason, low power consumption is possible.

  Through the above steps, the semiconductor device 182 including the electrophoretic element and the organic compound layer 103 can be manufactured. Note that after the peeling step illustrated in FIG. 10C, a flexible substrate 130 may be provided on the surface of the organic compound layer 103 to manufacture the semiconductor device 183 as illustrated in FIG. .

(Embodiment 8)
In this embodiment, a typical example of the structure of the element formation layer 104 in Embodiments 1 to 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 11 shows a step of manufacturing a semiconductor device having a thin film transistor. Note that although this embodiment mode is described using Embodiment Mode 1, any of Embodiment Modes 2 to 4 can be applied.

  As in Embodiment 1, a photocatalyst layer 102 is formed over a light-transmitting substrate 101 and an organic compound layer 103 is formed over the photocatalyst layer 102 as shown in FIG. Next, the insulating layer 120 may be formed over the organic compound layer 103. A thin film transistor 141 is formed over the organic compound layer 103. Here, 191 indicates an interlayer insulating film, 192 indicates a flexible substrate, and 193 indicates an adhesive.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 11B, the photocatalyst layer 102 is irradiated with light 105 through the light-transmitting substrate 101. As a result, the photocatalytic layer 102 is activated. As a result, as shown in FIG. 11C, the photocatalyst layer 102 and the organic compound layer 103 are separated.

  Through the above steps, the semiconductor device 194 including the thin film transistor 141 and the organic compound layer 103 can be manufactured. Note that after the peeling step illustrated in FIG. 11C, a flexible substrate 130 may be provided on the surface of the organic compound layer 103 so that the semiconductor device 195 illustrated in FIG. 11D is manufactured. .

(Embodiment 9)
In this embodiment, a typical example of the structure of the element formation layer 104 in Embodiments 1 to 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 12 shows a process for manufacturing a semiconductor device functioning as a solar cell. Note that although this embodiment mode is described using Embodiment Mode 1, any of Embodiment Modes 2 to 4 can be applied.

  As in Embodiment 1, a photocatalyst layer 102 is formed over a light-transmitting substrate 101 and an organic compound layer 103 is formed over the photocatalyst layer 102 as shown in FIG. Next, the insulating layer 120 may be formed over the organic compound layer 103.

  Next, first conductive layers 202 a to 202 c are formed over the insulating layer 120. Next, photoelectric conversion layers 203a to 203c are formed so as to expose part of the first conductive layers 202a to 202c. Next, second conductive layers 204a to 204c are formed on the photoelectric conversion layers 203a to 203c and part of exposed portions of the first conductive layers 202a to 202c. Here, the photoelectric conversion element 201a includes the first conductive layer 202a, the photoelectric conversion layer 203a, and the second conductive layer 204a. The first conductive layer 202b, the photoelectric conversion layer 203b, and the second conductive layer 204b constitute a photoelectric conversion element 201b. The first conductive layer 202c, the photoelectric conversion layer 203c, and the second conductive layer 204c constitute a photoelectric conversion element 201c. Note that the second conductive layer 204a of the photoelectric conversion element 201a is formed in contact with the first conductive layer 202b of the second photoelectric conversion element 201b so that the photoelectric conversion elements 201a to 201c are connected in series. Further, the second conductive layer 204b of the photoelectric conversion element 201b is formed so as to be in contact with the first conductive layer 202c of the third photoelectric conversion element 201c. The second conductive layer 204c of the photoelectric conversion element 201c is formed so as to be in contact with the first conductive layer of the fourth photoelectric conversion element.

The first conductive layers 202a to 202c, the photoelectric conversion layers 203a to 203c, and the second conductive layers 204a to 204c are respectively the first conductive layer, the functional layer, and the first conductive layer of the photoelectric conversion element or diode described in Embodiment 5. Two conductive layers can be used as appropriate.

A flexible substrate 205 may be attached to the second conductive layers 204a to 204c using an adhesive 206. As the adhesive 206, the adhesive 127 described in Embodiment 5 can be used as appropriate. As the flexible substrate 205, a substrate similar to the flexible substrate that can be provided on the surface of the element formation layer 104 described in Embodiment 1 can be selected as appropriate. .

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 12B, the photocatalyst layer 102 is irradiated with light 105 through the light-transmitting substrate 101. As a result, the photocatalytic layer 102 is activated. As a result, as shown in FIG. 12C, the photocatalyst layer 102 and the organic compound layer 103 are separated.

  Through the above steps, the semiconductor device 207 functioning as a solar cell can be manufactured. Note that after the peeling step illustrated in FIG. 12C, a flexible substrate 130 may be provided on the surface of the organic compound layer 103 to manufacture the semiconductor device 208 as illustrated in FIG. .

  In this example, a liquid crystal display panel manufactured using the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the liquid crystal display panel, a first flexible substrate 600, a second flexible substrate 664, and a liquid crystal layer 674 are sealed with a sealant 650. It is preferable that the sealing material 650 contains a holding material that holds the distance between the substrates, typically a filler. Further, the first flexible substrate 600 is bonded to the organic compound layer 103 using an adhesive (not shown).

A driver circuit portion 662 and a pixel portion 663 are provided inside the sealant 650, the first flexible substrate 600, and the second flexible substrate 664. Further, a terminal portion 661 is provided outside the sealing material 650.

  A colored layer 665 that functions as a color filter or a black matrix, a second pixel electrode 666, and an insulating layer 667 that functions as an alignment film are formed over the second flexible substrate 664. In addition, a polarizing plate is provided on one or both of the first flexible substrate 600 and the second flexible substrate 664.

In the terminal portion 661, connection terminals connected to the gate wiring and source wiring of each TFT (in FIG. 18A, connection terminals 654 connected to the gate wiring are shown) are formed. The connection terminal is connected to an FPC (flexible printed wiring) 655 serving as an input terminal via an anisotropic conductive film 656, and receives a video signal and a clock signal via the anisotropic conductive film 656.

  In the driver circuit portion 662, a circuit for driving pixels such as a source driver and a gate driver is formed. Here, an n-channel TFT 651 and a p-channel TFT 652 are provided. Note that the n-channel TFT 651 and the p-channel TFT 652 form a CMOS circuit.

  A plurality of pixels are formed in the pixel portion 663, and a liquid crystal element 668 is formed in each pixel. The liquid crystal element 668 is a portion where the first pixel electrode 672, the second pixel electrode 666, and the liquid crystal layer 674 filled therebetween overlap. A first pixel electrode 672 included in the liquid crystal element 668 is electrically connected to the TFT 602. The second pixel electrode 666 of the liquid crystal element 668 is formed on the second substrate 664 side. In addition, an insulating layer 673 functioning as an alignment film is formed between the first pixel electrode 672 and the liquid crystal layer 674, and an insulating layer 667 functioning as an alignment film is formed between the second pixel electrode 666 and the liquid crystal layer 674. It is formed.

The distance between the first substrate 600 and the second substrate 664 is preferably maintained at a constant interval in order to reduce display unevenness. Therefore, a spacer 675 that is a spacing member is formed between the first substrate 600 and the second substrate 664. Note that here, an alignment layer is formed over the insulating layer covering the TFTs 651 and 652, and over the spacer 675 and the first pixel electrode. The spacer 675 has a columnar shape and has a curvature at the edge. That is, it is desirable that the radius of curvature R at the end of the top of the columnar spacer is 2 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less. By having such a shape, uniform pressure is applied, and it is possible to prevent an excessive pressure from being applied to one point. Note that the lower end of the spacer refers to the first flexible substrate side end portion of the columnar spacer. The upper end refers to the top of the columnar spacer. Further, when the width of the central portion in the height direction of the columnar spacer is L1, and the width of the end portion of the columnar spacer on the second flexible substrate side is L2, 0.8 ≦ L2 / L1 ≦ 3. Meet. Further, the angle between the tangential plane at the center of the side surface of the columnar spacer and the first flexible substrate surface, or the angle between the tangential plane at the center of the side surface of the columnar spacer and the second flexible substrate surface, The range of 65 ° to 115 ° is preferable. Further, the height of the spacer is preferably 0.5 μm to 10 μm, or 1.2 μm to 5 μm.

  In addition, polarizing plates 676 and 677 are provided on the first flexible substrate 600 and the second flexible substrate 664, respectively. In addition, retardation plates may be provided on the polarizing plates 676 and 677.

  Further, the liquid crystal display panel includes a backlight 678. The backlight can be formed using a light-emitting member, and typically, a cold cathode tube, an LED, an EL light-emitting device, or the like can be used. The backlight of this embodiment preferably has flexibility. Furthermore, you may provide a reflecting plate and an optical film in a backlight.

  In this embodiment, backlights that can be used in the above embodiment are described below.

  As the backlight 678 illustrated in FIG. 18B, an EL light-emitting device including one or both of the organic EL elements and the inorganic EL elements described in the above embodiment can be used. Further, without using the present invention, a layer 682 having a light-emitting element including a first conductive layer, a light-emitting layer, and a second conductive layer is formed over a third flexible substrate 681, and An EL light-emitting device in which the third flexible substrate 681 and the layer 682 having a light-emitting element are sealed with a fourth flexible substrate 683 can be used. Note that a light-emitting element can be formed by appropriately using the first conductive layer, the light-emitting layer, and the second conductive layer by a manufacturing method such as an IJ method, an evaporation method, a sputtering method, or a printing method.

  Note that a polarizing plate 676 illustrated in FIG. 18A may be used as the fourth flexible substrate 683 of the EL light-emitting device that can be used for the backlight 678. In that case, a layer having a light-emitting element is formed over the third flexible substrate 681, and the third flexible substrate 681 and the layer 682 having the light-emitting element are sealed with a polarizing plate 676. After that, the polarizing plate 676 and the first flexible substrate 600 can be attached to each other with a light-transmitting adhesive. As a result, the number of flexible substrates constituting the backlight can be reduced.

  In addition, after the light-emitting element layer 682 is formed over the third flexible substrate 681, the light-emitting element layer 682 and the first light-emitting element layer 682 provided on the first flexible substrate 600 are provided. 3 flexible substrate 681 can be attached with an adhesive. As a result, the number of flexible substrates constituting the backlight can be reduced.

  Further, after a layer 682 having a light-emitting element is formed on one surface of the polarizing plate 676, a third flexible substrate is formed using an adhesive on one surface of the layer 682 having the light-emitting element and the polarizing plate 676. After the 681 is attached, the other surface of the polarizing plate 676 and the first flexible substrate 600 may be attached using an adhesive. Further, after the layer 682 having a light-emitting element is formed on one surface of the polarizing plate 676, the other surface of the polarizing plate 676 and the first flexible substrate 600 are attached to each other with an adhesive. Alternatively, a third flexible substrate 681 may be attached to one surface of the polarizing plate 676 using an adhesive. As a result, the number of flexible substrates constituting the backlight can be reduced.

  Further, a polarizing plate 676 may be used instead of the first flexible substrate 600. That is, the polarizing plate 676 that seals the third flexible substrate 681 and the light-emitting element layer 682 is attached to the organic compound layer 103 illustrated in FIG. 18A with an adhesive. Also good. As a result, the number of flexible substrates constituting the liquid crystal display panel can be reduced.

  As the light-emitting element formed in the layer 682 having the light-emitting element of this embodiment, a light-emitting element having a large area that covers the pixel portion can be used. As such a light-emitting element, an element that emits white light is preferably used.

Alternatively, a linear light-emitting element may be formed as the light-emitting element formed in the layer 682 having a light-emitting element. An element that emits white light can be used as the light-emitting element. In addition, the light emitting elements are preferably arranged so that a blue light emitting element, a red light emitting element, and a green light emitting element are provided in each pixel. In this case, the coloring layer 665 illustrated in FIG. 18A is not necessarily provided. Note that when the colored layer 665 is provided, color purity is increased and a liquid crystal display panel capable of vivid display is obtained.

As the light-emitting element formed in the layer 682 having a light-emitting element, an element that emits white light can be used for each pixel. Further, a sub pixel of a blue light emitting element, a red light emitting element, and a green light emitting element may be provided for each pixel. As a result, a liquid crystal display panel capable of high-definition display is obtained.

  The structure of the backlight can also be used for liquid crystal display panels other than the present invention.

  In this example, as a backlight that can be used in the above example, a backlight in which LEDs are arranged on a flexible substrate is described below.

FIG. 19A is a top view of the backlight, and FIG. 19B is a cross-sectional view taken along line HG in FIG. 19A. In FIG. 19, a reflective common electrode layer 6001 is provided over a flexible substrate 6000, and a wiring layer 6002a and a wiring layer 6002b functioning as an anode are formed over an insulating layer 6006. A light emitting diode 6003a and a light emitting diode 6003b are provided over the wiring layer 6002a and the wiring layer 6002b, respectively. The connection terminal 6012a of the light emitting diode 6003a is electrically connected to the wiring layer 6002a by the conductive particles 6008 in the anisotropic conductive film. Further, the connection terminal 6013a of the light emitting diode 6003a is electrically connected to the common electrode layer 6001 and the conductive particles 6008 in the anisotropic conductive film in an opening (contact hole) 6004b formed in the insulating layer 6006. Similarly, the connection terminal 6012b of the light-emitting diode 6003b is also electrically connected to the wiring layer 6002a by the conductive particles 6008 in the anisotropic conductive film, and the connection terminal 6013b of the light-emitting diode 6003b is an opening formed in the insulating layer 6006 ( Contact hole) 6004a is electrically connected to common electrode layer 6001.

Note that in the anisotropic conductive film, conductive particles 6008 are dispersed in an organic resin 6012, and the conductive particles 6008 in the organic resin are connected by pressure bonding in one direction. Here, the anisotropic conductive film is provided over the entire surface of the flexible substrate, but only the connection portion between the light emitting diode and the wiring layer may be selectively provided. Furthermore, an anisotropic conductive resin may be used instead of the anisotropic conductive film.

The common electrode layer 6001 also functions as a reflective electrode that reflects incident light. Therefore, the light emitted from the light-emitting diodes 6003a and 6003b can be efficiently applied to the liquid crystal display device.

20A is a top view of the backlight, and FIG. 20B is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-J in FIG. 20A. The backlight of FIG. 20 is an example in which the connection between the light emitting diode and the common electrode layer or the wiring layer is connected by a bump or a conductive metal paste (for example, silver (Ag) paste). In FIG. 20A, a wiring layer 6002a, a wiring layer 6002b, and a wiring layer 6002c are formed over the top and bottom of the drawing. A light emitting diode (such as light emitting diode 6003a) connected to the wiring layer 6002a is connected to a red light emitting diode (R), and a light emitting diode (such as light emitting diode 6003b) connected to the wiring layer 6002b is connected to a green light emitting diode (G) and wiring layer 6002c. When the light emitting diodes (light emitting diode 6003c and the like) are arranged in the same color for each wiring layer, such as a blue light emitting diode (B), the voltage applied to the wiring layer can be easily controlled. The light emitting diode 6003a is electrically connected to the common electrode layer 6001 and the wiring layer 6002a with a conductive paste 6018, and the light emitting diode 6003b is electrically connected to the common electrode layer 6001 and the wiring layer 6002a with a conductive paste 6018.

21A is a top view of the backlight, and FIGS. 21B and 21C are cross-sectional views taken along line KL in FIG. 21A. The backlights in FIGS. 21A to 21C have a structure in which a reflective electrode layer and a common electrode layer are separated.

In FIG. 21B, a reflective electrode layer 6021 is formed over a flexible substrate 6000, an insulating layer 6006 is formed over the reflective electrode layer 6021, wiring layers 6022a and 6022b are formed over the insulating layer 6006, and Electrode layers 6023a and 6023b are formed. In addition, a light-emitting diode 6003a is provided over the wiring layer 6022a and the common electrode layer 6023a. Further, the light-emitting diode 6003b is provided over the wiring layer 6022b and the common electrode layer 6023b. The connection terminal 6014a of the light-emitting diode 6003a is electrically connected to the wiring layer 6022a through the conductive paste 6018a, and the connection terminal 6015a of the light-emitting diode 6003a is electrically connected to the common electrode layer 6023a and the conductive paste 6001b. Connecting. The connection terminal 6014b of the light-emitting diode 6003b is electrically connected to the wiring layer 6022b through the conductive paste 6018c, and the connection terminal 6015b of the light-emitting diode 6003b is electrically connected to the common electrode layer 6023b and the conductive paste 6018d. Connecting.

  Since the reflective electrode layer 6021 that reflects incident light is formed over a flexible substrate, light emitted from the light-emitting diodes 6003a and 6003b can be efficiently applied to the liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 21C illustrates a structure in which an insulating layer 6010 including light scattering particles 6011 is provided over the reflective electrode layer 6021. The light scattering particles 6011 have an effect of scattering incident light and light reflected by the reflective electrode layer 6021. In this embodiment, the reflective electrode layer may be mirror-reflected in a mirror state. Alternatively, the reflective electrode layer may have a rough surface and be whitened, and diffuse reflection may be performed.

An example in which a plurality of light emitting diodes are provided over a flexible substrate will be described with reference to FIGS. There is a direction where bending frequency is high depending on a product including a backlight having flexibility. The backlight in FIG. 22A has a horizontally long rectangle when viewed from above, and the frequency of bending the long side in the directions of arrows 6105a and 6105b is high. In the case where the top surface shape of the plurality of light-emitting diodes provided over the flexible substrate 6100 is a rectangle, the short sides of the light-emitting diodes 6101a and 6101b are parallel to the frequently bent side of the flexible substrate 6100. The light emitting diodes 6101a and 6101b are arranged so that

It is assumed that the backlight illustrated in FIG. 22B is bent frequently in the directions of the arrow 6205a and the arrow 6205b using the vertically flexible substrate 6200. In this case, the plurality of light-emitting diodes provided over the flexible substrate 6200 are rectangular when viewed from above. The light emitting diodes 6201a and 6201b are arranged so that the short sides of the light emitting diodes 6201a and 6201b are parallel to the frequently bent side of the flexible substrate 6200. When the frequency of bending is high or low depending on the purpose and shape of the display device provided as described above, it is easier to bend and damage less if it is arranged so that the side to be bent and the short side of the light emitting diode are parallel to each other in advance. Therefore, reliability can be improved.

FIGS. 23A and 23B illustrate a light-emitting diode 6401a and a light-emitting diode 6401b which are provided adjacent to each other with a distance b over a flexible substrate 6400. FIG. The light emitting diode 6401a and the light emitting diode 6401b have a thickness a. FIG. 23B is a diagram in which the flexible substrate 6400 including the light-emitting diodes 6401a and 6401b is bent in the directions of arrows 6405a and 6405b. As shown in FIG. 23, when the distance b between adjacent light emitting diodes is larger than twice the thickness a and b> 2a is satisfied, the light emitting diode 6401a and the light emitting diode 6401b are not in contact with each other and have flexibility. 6400 can be bent easily.

24A and 24B show an example in which a light emitting diode is covered with a resin layer. As shown in FIG. 24A, a light-emitting diode 6151a covered with a resin layer 6152a and a light-emitting diode 6151b covered with a resin layer 6152b are formed over a flexible substrate 6150. In addition, the resin layer 6152a and the resin layer 6152b are installed so that the interval is the interval b. The maximum film thickness of the resin layer 6152a and the resin layer 6152b is the film thickness a. FIG. 24B illustrates a flexible substrate 6150 including the light-emitting diode 6151a and the resin layer 6152a and the light-emitting diode 6151b and the resin layer 6152b bent in the directions of the arrows 6154a and 6154b. As shown in FIG. 24, the interval b between the resin layers of the light emitting diodes covered with the adjacent resin layers and the resin layers is larger than twice the maximum film thickness a of the resin layers covering the light emitting diodes, and satisfies b> 2a. Then, the flexible substrate 6150 can be easily bent without contact between the light emitting diode 6151a covered with the resin layer 6152a and the light emitting diode 6151b covered with the resin layer 6152b.

The sidelight-type flexible backlight illustrated in FIG. 25 includes a flexible light guide plate 6300, a light-emitting diode 6302 provided over a flexible substrate 6301, and light emitted from the light-emitting diode 6302. Reflecting sheets 6303a and 6303b are provided. The reflection sheets 6303a and 6303b are arranged to guide light to the light guide plate efficiently. It is not easy to bend a reflector that is bent and arranged in a cylindrical shape typified by a conventional reflector. However, it can be easily bent when the shape is not fixed in a cylindrical shape such as the reflective sheet 6303a and the reflective sheet 6303b in FIG. 25 shown in this embodiment mode.

When a flexible backlight having the above structure is used for a flexible display device manufactured using the transfer process of the present invention, a flexible electronic device can be manufactured.

  The structure of the backlight can also be used for liquid crystal display panels other than the present invention.

Next, an EL display panel will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of an EL display panel. In the EL display panel, an insulating layer 608 formed over the first flexible substrate 600 and a second flexible substrate 640 are sealed with a sealant 650. As the sealing material 650, it is preferable to use a highly viscous epoxy resin containing a filler. It is desirable that the sealing material is a material that does not transmit moisture and oxygen as much as possible. In addition, the first flexible substrate 600 is provided in the organic compound layer 103.

A driver circuit portion 644 and a pixel portion 645 are provided inside the sealant 650, the first flexible substrate 600, and the second flexible substrate 640. Further, a terminal portion 643 is provided outside the sealing material 650.

In the terminal portion 643, connection terminals connected to the gate wiring and source wiring of each TFT (in FIG. 26, connection terminals 654 connected to the source wiring are shown) are formed. The connection terminal is connected to an FPC (flexible printed wiring) 655 serving as an input terminal via an anisotropic conductive film 656, and receives a video signal and a clock signal via the anisotropic conductive film 656.

In the driver circuit portion 644, a circuit for driving pixels such as a source driver and a gate driver is formed. Here, an n-channel TFT 651 formed in the same manner as the switching TFT 602 in the pixel portion and a p-channel TFT 652 formed in the same manner as the driving TFT 603 in the pixel portion are provided. Note that the n-channel TFT 651 and the p-channel TFT 652 form a CMOS circuit. Here, reference numeral 607 denotes an interlayer insulating layer, 615 denotes a first electrode, 622 denotes a light emitting layer, and 623 denotes a second electrode.

In the pixel portion 645, pixels each including a switching TFT 602, a driving TFT 603, and a light-emitting element 624 are arranged in a matrix. As the light-emitting element 624, the organic EL element or the inorganic EL element described in any of the above embodiments can be used as appropriate.

Here, in this embodiment, FIG. 31 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a pixel in a full-color display in a light emitting display device having an organic EL element. In FIG. 31, a TFT 638 surrounded by a broken line corresponds to the switching TFT 602 in FIG. 26, and a TFT 639 surrounded by a broken line corresponds to the driving TFT 603.

In the pixel displaying red, an OLED 703R that emits red light is connected to the drain region of the driving TFT 639, and an anode-side power supply line (R) 706R is provided in the source region. The OLED 703R is provided with a cathode side power supply line 700. The switching TFT 638 is connected to the gate wiring 705, and the gate electrode of the driving TFT 639 is connected to the drain region of the switching TFT 638. Note that the drain region of the switching TFT 638 is connected to the capacitor element 707 connected to the anode side power supply line (R) 706R.

In the pixel displaying green, an OLED 703G that emits green light is connected to the drain region of the driving TFT, and an anode power supply line (G) 706G is provided in the source region. The switching TFT 638 is connected to the gate wiring 705, and the gate electrode of the driving TFT 639 is connected to the drain region of the switching TFT 638. Note that the drain region of the switching TFT 638 is connected to the capacitor 707 connected to the anode power supply line (G) 706G.

  In the pixel displaying blue, an OLED 703B that emits blue light is connected to a drain region of a driving TFT, and an anode power supply line (B) 706B is provided in a source region. The switching TFT 638 is connected to the gate wiring 705, and the gate electrode of the driving TFT 639 is connected to the drain region of the switching TFT 638. Note that the drain region of the switching TFT 638 is connected to the capacitor 707 connected to the anode power supply line (B) 706B.

Different voltages are applied to the pixels of different colors depending on the EL material.

Here, the source wiring 704 and the anode side power supply lines 706R, 706G, and 706B are formed in parallel. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the gate wiring 705 and the anode side power supply lines 706R, 706G, and 706B are parallel. It may be formed. Furthermore, the driving TFT 639 may have a multi-gate electrode structure.

In the light emitting device, a driving method for screen display is not particularly limited, and for example, a dot sequential driving method, a line sequential driving method, a surface sequential driving method, or the like may be used. Typically, a line sequential driving method is used, and a time-division gray scale driving method or an area gray scale driving method may be used as appropriate. The video signal input to the source line of the light-emitting device may be an analog signal or a digital signal, and a drive circuit or the like may be designed in accordance with the video signal as appropriate.

Further, in a light emitting device in which a video signal is digital, there are a video signal input to a pixel having a constant voltage (CV) and a constant current (CC). A video signal having a constant voltage (CV) includes a signal having a constant voltage applied to the light emitting element (CVCV) and a signal having a constant current applied to the light emitting element (CVCC). . In addition, when the video signal has a constant current (CC), the signal voltage applied to the light emitting element is constant (CCCV), and the signal applied to the light emitting element has a constant current (CCCC). There is.

  In the light emitting device, a protection circuit (such as a protection diode) for preventing electrostatic breakdown may be provided.

A protective layer 653 is formed over the light-emitting element 624 and the insulating layer 621 in the pixel portion. The protective layer is for preventing moisture, oxygen, and the like from entering the light-emitting element 624 and the insulating layer 621. The protective layer 653 is formed using a thin film formation method such as a plasma CVD method or a sputtering method, and contains silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon nitride oxide, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxynitride, or aluminum oxide, diamond-like carbon (DLC), and nitrogen It is preferable to use carbon (CN) or another insulating material.

  In this embodiment, a source driver, a gate driver, and a TFT of a pixel portion are formed on the same substrate. For this reason, a light emitting display panel can be made thin.

  Note that a region 642 between the second substrate 640 and the protective layer 653 may have a space filled with an inert gas such as nitrogen gas. Intrusion of moisture and oxygen into the light-emitting element and the insulating layer can be reduced.

In addition, a colored layer can be provided over the second substrate 640. In this case, full color display can be performed by providing each pixel with a light emitting element capable of emitting white light and separately providing a colored layer showing RGB. Further, full color display can be performed by providing each pixel with a light emitting element capable of emitting blue light and separately providing a color conversion layer or the like. Such an EL display module has a high color purity of each RBG and enables high-definition display. Furthermore, in each pixel, a light-emitting element that emits red, green, and blue light can be formed, and a colored layer can be used.

  In addition, in the case where light emitted from the light-emitting element 624 is emitted to the first substrate 600 side, a polarizing plate and a retardation plate may be provided on the surface of the first substrate 600. In addition, when light emitted from the light-emitting element 624 is emitted to the second substrate 640 side, a polarizing plate and a retardation plate may be provided on the surface of the second substrate 640. Further, when light emitted from the light-emitting element 624 is emitted to the first flexible substrate 600 and the second flexible substrate 640 side, the first flexible substrate 600 and A polarizing plate and a retardation plate may be provided on the surface of the second flexible substrate 640.

  Furthermore, a light emitting display module can be formed by connecting an external circuit such as a power supply circuit and a controller to the light emitting display panel.

Next, an example in which an FPC or a driving IC for driving is mounted on the above-described liquid crystal display panel or EL display panel will be described. Here, a chip-like driving circuit formed of TFTs is referred to as a driving IC.

The structure shown in FIG. 27 is an example in which a COG system suitable for a small size (for example, a diagonal of 1.5 inches) with a narrow frame is adopted.

In FIG. 27, a driving IC 1011 is mounted on a substrate 1010, and an FPC 1019 is mounted on a terminal portion 1018 disposed at the tip of the driving IC. A plurality of driver ICs 1011 to be mounted are preferably formed on a rectangular substrate having a side of 300 mm to 1000 mm or more from the viewpoint of improving productivity. That is, a plurality of circuit patterns having a drive circuit portion and an input / output terminal as one unit are formed on the substrate, and finally, the drive ICs may be taken out by dividing them. The length of the long side of the driving IC may be formed in a rectangular shape having a long side of 15 to 80 mm and a short side of 1 to 6 mm in consideration of the length of one side of the pixel portion and the pixel pitch.

The advantage of the external dimensions of the driving IC over the IC chip is the length of the long side. When a driving IC formed with a long side of 15 to 80 mm is used, the number of chips to be mounted is smaller than when an IC chip is used. This can be reduced and the manufacturing yield can be improved. In addition, when a driving IC is formed over a glass substrate, the shape of the substrate used as a base is not limited, and thus productivity is hardly impaired. This is a great advantage compared with the case where the IC chip is taken out from the circular silicon wafer.

Alternatively, a TAB method may be employed. In that case, a plurality of tapes may be attached and a driving IC may be mounted on the tapes. As in the case of the COG method, a single drive IC may be mounted on a single tape. In this case, a metal piece or the like for fixing the drive IC is pasted together due to the problem of mechanical strength. Good.

In addition, a connection region 1017 provided between the pixel portion 1102 and the driver IC 1011 is provided in order to contact the second conductive layer of the light-emitting element with a lower wiring.

Further, the sealing substrate 1014 is fixed to the substrate 1010 with a sealing material 1015 surrounding the pixel portion 1012 and a filling material surrounded by the sealing material.

Note that an IC chip formed of a Si chip may be used instead of the driving IC.

In this embodiment, a structure of a semiconductor device typified by an RFID tag capable of transmitting and receiving information wirelessly will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 28A, the semiconductor device 20 of this embodiment has a function of communicating data without contact, and includes a power supply circuit 11, a clock generation circuit 12, a data demodulation / modulation circuit 13, and other circuits. A control circuit 14, an interface circuit 15, a memory circuit 16, a bus 17, and an antenna 18.

As shown in FIG. 28B, the semiconductor device 20 of this embodiment has a function of communicating data without contact, and includes a power supply circuit 11, a clock generation circuit 12, a data demodulation / modulation circuit 13, and the like. In addition to the control circuit 14, the interface circuit 15, the memory circuit 16, the bus 17, and the antenna 18, the central processing unit 21 may be included.

As shown in FIG. 28C, the semiconductor device 20 of this embodiment has a function of communicating data without contact, and includes a power supply circuit 11, a clock generation circuit 12, a data demodulation / modulation circuit 13, and the like. In addition to the control circuit 14, interface circuit 15, storage circuit 16, bus 17, antenna 18, central processing unit 21, the detection unit 22 including the detection element 23 and the detection control circuit 24 may be provided.

The semiconductor device of this embodiment includes a power supply circuit 11, a clock generation circuit 12, a data demodulation / modulation circuit 13, a control circuit 14 for controlling other circuits, an interface circuit 15, a storage circuit 16, a bus 17, an antenna 18, a central processing unit. By configuring the detection unit 22 including the detection element 23 and the detection control circuit 24 in addition to the unit 21, it is possible to form a small and multifunctional semiconductor device.

  The power supply circuit 11 is a circuit that generates various power supplies to be supplied to each circuit inside the semiconductor device 20 based on the AC signal input from the antenna 18. Further, the power supply circuit 11 may include one or more selected from the solar cells described in Embodiments 1 to 5. The clock generation circuit 12 is a circuit that generates various clock signals to be supplied to each circuit inside the semiconductor device 20 based on the AC signal input from the antenna 18. The data demodulation / modulation circuit 13 has a function of demodulating / modulating data communicated with the reader / writer 19. The control circuit 14 has a function of controlling the memory circuit 16. The antenna 18 has a function of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic field waves or radio waves. The reader / writer 19 controls communication and control with the semiconductor device and processing related to the data. The semiconductor device is not limited to the above-described configuration, and may be a configuration in which other elements such as a power supply voltage limiter circuit and hardware dedicated to cryptographic processing are added.

  As the memory circuit 16, the memory element described in any of the above embodiments can be used. Since a memory element having a layer containing an organic compound in the functional layer can simultaneously realize downsizing, thinning, and large capacity, by providing the memory circuit 16 with a memory element having a layer containing an organic compound, A reduction in size and weight of the semiconductor device can be achieved.

The detection unit 22 can detect temperature, pressure, flow rate, light, magnetism, sound wave, acceleration, humidity, components contained in gas, components contained in liquid, and other characteristics by physical or chemical means. The detection unit 22 includes a detection element 23 that detects a physical quantity or a chemical quantity, and a detection control circuit 24 that converts the physical quantity or chemical quantity detected by the detection element 23 into an appropriate signal such as an electrical signal. Yes. The detection element 23 can be formed of a resistance element, a capacitive coupling element, an inductive coupling element, a photovoltaic element, a photoelectric conversion element, a thermoelectric element, a transistor, a thermistor, a diode, or the like. One or more selected from a photoelectric conversion element, a diode, and a transistor are included. A plurality of detection units 22 may be provided. In this case, a plurality of physical quantities or chemical quantities can be detected simultaneously.

The physical quantity here refers to temperature, pressure, flow rate, light, magnetism, sound wave, acceleration, humidity, etc., and the chemical quantity refers to chemicals such as components contained in gas components such as gases and liquids such as ions. It refers to substances. In addition, the chemical amount includes organic compounds such as specific biological substances contained in blood, sweat, urine and the like (for example, blood glucose level contained in blood). In particular, when a chemical quantity is to be detected, a specific substance is necessarily selectively detected. Therefore, a substance that selectively reacts with a substance to be detected is provided in advance in the detection element 23. . For example, when detecting a biological substance, it is preferable that an enzyme, an antibody molecule, a microbial cell, or the like that selectively reacts with the biological substance to be detected by the detection element 23 is fixed to a polymer or the like.

  According to this embodiment, a semiconductor device functioning as an RFID tag can be formed. The RFID tag has a wide range of uses. For example, banknotes, coins, securities, bearer bonds, certificates (driver's license, resident's card, etc., see FIG. 29A), packaging containers (wrapping paper, Bottle, etc., see FIG. 29C), recording medium (DVD software, video tape, etc., see FIG. 29B), vehicles (bicycle, etc., see FIG. 29D), personal items (bags, glasses, etc.) ), Used on goods such as foods, plants, animals, human bodies, clothing, daily necessities, electronic devices, etc. and luggage tags (see FIGS. 29E and 29F). be able to. Electronic devices refer to liquid crystal display devices, EL display devices, television devices (also simply referred to as televisions, television receivers, television receivers), mobile phones, and the like.

The semiconductor device 20 of this embodiment is fixed to an article by mounting on a printed circuit board, pasting on a surface, embedding, or the like. For example, a book is embedded in paper, and a package made of an organic resin is embedded in the organic resin, and is fixed to each article. Since the semiconductor device 20 of the present embodiment realizes small size, thinness, and light weight, the design of the article itself is not impaired even after being fixed to the article. Further, by providing the semiconductor device 20 of the present embodiment on bills, coins, securities, bearer bonds, certificates, etc., an authentication function can be provided, and forgery can be prevented by utilizing this authentication function. be able to. Also, by providing the semiconductor device of this embodiment in packaging containers, recording media, personal items, foods, clothing, daily necessities, electronic devices, etc., it is possible to improve the efficiency of systems such as inspection systems. .

Next, one mode of an electronic device in which the semiconductor device of the present invention is mounted is described with reference to FIG. The electronic device illustrated here is a mobile phone, and includes housings 2700 and 2706, a panel 2701, a housing 2702, a printed wiring board 2703, operation buttons 2704, and a battery 2705 (see FIG. 30). The panel 2701 is detachably incorporated in the housing 2702, and the housing 2702 is fitted on the printed wiring board 2703. The shape and dimensions of the housing 2702 are changed as appropriate in accordance with the electronic device in which the panel 2701 is incorporated. A plurality of packaged semiconductor devices are mounted on the printed wiring board 2703, and the semiconductor device described in any of the above embodiments and examples can be used as one of the semiconductor devices 2710 among them. The plurality of semiconductor devices mounted on the printed wiring board 2703 have any one function of a controller, a central processing unit (CPU), a memory, a power supply circuit, a sound processing circuit, a transmission / reception circuit, and the like.

The panel 2701 is connected to the printed wiring board 2703 through the connection film 2708. The panel 2701, the housing 2702, and the printed wiring board 2703 are housed in the housings 2700 and 2706 together with the operation buttons 2704 and the battery 2705. A pixel region 2709 included in the panel 2701 is arranged so as to be visible from an opening window provided in the housing 2700. A semiconductor device as described in Embodiments 5 and 6 can be used for the panel 2701.

As described above, the semiconductor device of the present invention is characterized in that it is small, thin, and lightweight, and the limited space inside the housings 2700 and 2706 of the electronic device can be effectively used due to the above characteristics. .

Note that the housings 2700 and 2706 are examples of the appearance of a mobile phone, and the electronic device according to the present embodiment can be transformed into various modes depending on the function and application.

  As electronic devices including the semiconductor device described in any of Embodiments and Examples, a television device (also simply referred to as a television or a television receiver), a digital camera, a digital video camera, a mobile phone device (simply a mobile phone or a mobile phone) Also, a portable information terminal such as a PDA, a portable game machine, a computer monitor, a computer, an audio reproduction device such as a car audio, and an image reproduction device including a recording medium such as a home game machine. A specific example thereof will be described with reference to FIG.

  A portable information terminal illustrated in FIG. 32A includes a main body 9201, a display portion 9202, and the like. By using the liquid crystal display device or the light-emitting display device described in the above embodiment modes and examples, the display portion 9202 can provide a portable information terminal that is thin, lightweight, and convenient to carry at low cost.

  A digital video camera shown in FIG. 32B includes a display portion 9701, a display portion 9702, and the like. By using the liquid crystal display device or the light-emitting display device described in the above embodiment modes and examples, the display portion 9701 can provide a low-profile digital video camera that is lightweight and portable.

  A portable terminal illustrated in FIG. 32C includes a main body 9101, a display portion 9102, and the like. By using the liquid crystal display device or the light-emitting display device described in the above embodiment modes and examples, the display portion 9102 can provide a portable terminal that is thin, lightweight, and portable and inexpensive.

  A portable television device illustrated in FIG. 32D includes a main body 9301, a display portion 9302, and the like. The display portion 9302 can provide a thin and lightweight portable television device at low cost by using the liquid crystal display device or the light-emitting display device described in the above embodiment modes and examples. Such a television device can be widely applied from a small one mounted on a portable terminal such as a cellular phone to a medium-sized one that can be carried and a large one (for example, 40 inches or more). .

  A portable computer shown in FIG. 32E includes a main body 9401, a display portion 9402, and the like. By using the liquid crystal display device or the light-emitting display device described in the above embodiment modes and examples, the display portion 9402 can provide a thin, light-weight portable computer that is convenient to carry at low cost.

  A television device illustrated in FIG. 32F includes a main body 9501, a display portion 9502, and the like. The display portion 9502 can provide a thin and light television device at low cost by using the liquid crystal display device or the light-emitting display device described in the above embodiment modes and examples. For this reason, it can be used as a wall-mounted television device or an electric bulletin board.

  In this example, electrical characteristics of an organic semiconductor transistor included in a flexible semiconductor device manufactured using the method described in Embodiment Mode 1 are shown.

A manufacturing process of the semiconductor device of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

As shown in FIG. 1A, a photocatalyst layer 102 and an organic compound layer 103 were formed in this order over a substrate 101. A glass substrate was used as the substrate 101. The photocatalyst layer 102 was coated on a substrate 101 with a composition containing titanium oxide and butyl acetate (trade name: Ti-03, manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd.) with a spin coater, and 600 ° C. in a horizontal diffusion furnace. A thin titanium oxide film was formed by baking for 15 minutes. The organic compound layer 103 is obtained by spin-coating a composition (trade name: Sunever SE-5291, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd.) on the photocatalyst layer 102, followed by baking in an oven at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes to form an organic compound made of polyimide. Layer 103 was formed.

Next, the element formation layer 104 was formed over the organic compound layer 103. As the element formation layer, a layer having an organic semiconductor transistor was formed. A method for forming the organic semiconductor transistor is described below. A composition containing silver particles (manufactured by Harima Chemicals Co., Ltd.) was discharged to a predetermined position using an inkjet method, and baked in an oven at 180 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a gate electrode containing silver.

Next, the composition (trade name: Sunever SE-5291, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd.) was applied with a spin coater, and then baked at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes in an oven. Furthermore, a solution obtained by dissolving 1% by weight of polyvinyl cinnamate (manufactured by Aldrich) in methyl ethyl ketone was applied by a spin coater and baked on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a gate insulating film.

Next, a composition containing silver particles (manufactured by Harima Chemicals Co., Ltd.) was discharged to a predetermined position using an ink jet method, and baked in an oven at 180 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a source electrode and a drain electrode containing silver.

  Next, purified pentacene was deposited using a metal mask to form a semiconductor layer, and an organic semiconductor transistor was manufactured.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 1B, light 105 of a metal halide lamp (160 W) was irradiated for 15 minutes from the back surface (glass side) of the substrate 101 to activate the photocatalyst layer 102.

  Next, a film with an adhesive was attached to the upper layer of the organic semiconductor transistor.

Next, as shown in FIG. 1C, the edge of the film was lifted from the fixed substrate 101, peeled off at the interface between the photocatalyst layer 102 and the organic compound layer 103, and the element formation layer was transferred from the substrate to the film. The organic semiconductor transistor size is channel length L / channel width W = 1600/165 μm. FIG. 33 shows the result of measuring the electrical characteristics of the organic semiconductor transistor transferred on the film with the drain voltage Vd set to −10V. The solid line is the drain current and the dotted line is the gate current.

  From the above, a flexible semiconductor device could be manufactured by transferring an element formation layer formed on a substrate to a film with an adhesive.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a memory element that can be applied to the present invention. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a light-emitting element applicable to the present invention. It is sectional drawing explaining the structure of the photoelectric conversion element or diode applicable to this invention. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a thin film transistor applicable to the present invention. It is sectional drawing explaining the structure of the electrophoretic element applicable to this invention. It is sectional drawing explaining the structure of the semiconductor device of this invention. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a backlight applicable to the present invention. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a backlight applicable to the present invention. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a backlight applicable to the present invention. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a backlight applicable to the present invention. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a backlight applicable to the present invention. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a backlight applicable to the present invention. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a backlight applicable to the present invention. It is sectional drawing explaining the structure of the semiconductor device of this invention. It is a top view explaining the structure of the semiconductor device of this invention. It is a figure explaining the structure of the semiconductor device of this invention. It is a figure explaining the application example of the semiconductor device of this invention. FIG. 11 is a perspective view illustrating an electric device having the semiconductor device of the invention. It is a figure explaining the equivalent circuit applicable to the semiconductor device of this invention. FIG. 11 is a perspective view illustrating an electric device having the semiconductor device of the invention. It is a figure explaining the electrical property of the semiconductor device of this invention.

Claims (12)

Forming a photocatalyst layer and an organic compound layer in contact with the photocatalyst layer on a substrate having translucency;
An element forming layer is formed on the light-transmitting substrate through a photocatalyst layer and an organic compound layer in contact with the photocatalyst layer;
A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising: irradiating the photocatalyst layer with light through the light-transmitting substrate; and separating the element formation layer from the light-transmitting substrate.   2. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the organic compound layer is formed over the light-transmitting substrate with the photocatalyst layer interposed therebetween.   2. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the photocatalyst layer is formed over the light-transmitting substrate through the organic compound layer.   4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the element formation layer is separated from the light-transmitting substrate, and then a flexible substrate is attached to a surface of the organic compound layer. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device.   5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the element formation layer is separated from the light-transmitting substrate by separation at an interface between the photocatalyst layer and the organic compound layer. Manufacturing method.   The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the organic compound layer includes inorganic compound particles.   The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the organic compound layer has a light shielding property.   8. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the organic compound layer includes a light absorber or a light reflector.   The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength of the light is a wavelength that activates the photocatalytic layer.   10. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the element formation layer includes a thin film transistor, a diode, or a resistor.   11. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the element formation layer includes a light-emitting element, a liquid crystal element, or an electrophoretic element.   The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor device functions as a light-emitting device, a liquid crystal display device, an electrophoretic display device, a wireless chip, a solar cell, or a sensor. .

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