JP2007260522A - Water treatment method using powdery activated carbon - Google Patents
Water treatment method using powdery activated carbon Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007260522A JP2007260522A JP2006086892A JP2006086892A JP2007260522A JP 2007260522 A JP2007260522 A JP 2007260522A JP 2006086892 A JP2006086892 A JP 2006086892A JP 2006086892 A JP2006086892 A JP 2006086892A JP 2007260522 A JP2007260522 A JP 2007260522A
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- activated carbon
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- raw water
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012733 comparative method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009287 sand filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は膜処理を用いた浄水処理のうち、原水に粉末活性炭を添加して臭気成分や色度成分を除去する方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for removing odor components and chromaticity components by adding powdered activated carbon to raw water among water purification treatments using membrane treatment.
従来、浄水場では主として砂ろ過方式による原水のろ過が行われてきたが、広い敷地面積を必要とし、またろ過処理に長時間を要するため、近年においては設置面積が小さく、維持管理が容易な膜ろ過方式を採用する浄水場が増加している。特に原水中の細菌やクリプト原虫を通過させない膜孔径を持つろ過膜を採用すれば、原水の水質悪化にも対応することができる。 Conventionally, raw water has been mainly filtered by sand filtration at water purification plants, but it requires a large site area and requires a long time for filtration, so in recent years the installation area is small and maintenance is easy. There are an increasing number of water purification plants that employ membrane filtration. In particular, if a filter membrane having a membrane pore size that does not allow bacteria and protozoa in raw water to pass through is employed, it is possible to cope with deterioration of the raw water quality.
しかし分離膜は原水中のSSや細菌類は分離することができるが、原水中に溶解している臭気成分や色度成分を除去することはできない。そこで特許文献1に示されるように、原水に粉末活性炭を添加して臭気成分や色度成分を除去する活性炭処理が併用されることがある。この場合、添加された粉末活性炭は原水とともに循環ポンプによって後段の分離膜に送られ、分離回収される。 However, the separation membrane can separate SS and bacteria in raw water, but cannot remove odor components and chromaticity components dissolved in raw water. Therefore, as shown in Patent Document 1, activated carbon treatment in which powdered activated carbon is added to raw water to remove odor components and chromaticity components may be used in combination. In this case, the added activated carbon is sent to the separation membrane in the subsequent stage by the circulation pump together with the raw water and separated and recovered.
このように活性炭処理と膜処理とを併用する場合、粉末活性炭は原水流量に比例する量が添加されていた。このとき活性炭添加率は、添加された粉末活性炭と原水との接触は添加位置から分離膜までの区間においてのみ行われるとの仮定のもと、この区間を原水が通過する間に十分に粉末活性炭による吸着効果を発揮する量に設定していた。このため、従来はやや過剰量の粉末活性炭が添加されており、そのためのランニングコストが無視できないものとなっていた。
本発明は上記した従来の問題点を解決し、臭気成分や色度成分の除去能力を低下させることなく、粉末活性炭の添加量を削減し、ランニングコストの引き下げを図ることができる粉末活性炭を用いた水処理方法を提供するためになされたものである。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems and uses powdered activated carbon that can reduce the amount of powdered activated carbon and reduce running cost without reducing the ability to remove odor components and chromaticity components. It was made to provide a water treatment method.
上記の課題を解決するためになされた本発明は、原水に粉末活性炭を添加し、混和することにより臭気成分や色度成分を吸着させたうえ、後段の膜モジュールで原水中のSSとともに粉末活性炭を膜分離する粉末活性炭を用いた水処理方法において、原水流量に対する粉末活性炭の添加量を、ろ過継続時間内において次第に減少させることを特徴とするものである。 The present invention was made to solve the above problems by adding powdered activated carbon to raw water and mixing it to adsorb odor components and chromaticity components, and then using powdered activated carbon together with SS in raw water in a membrane module in the latter stage In the water treatment method using powdered activated carbon for membrane separation, the amount of powdered activated carbon added to the raw water flow rate is gradually reduced within the filtration duration.
なお、原水流量に対する粉末活性炭の添加量を、ろ過継続時間内においてステップ的に減少させる方法、またはろ過継続時間内において連続的に減少させる方法を採用することができる。また原水流量に対する粉末活性炭の添加量を、膜モジュール内に保持された粉末活性炭による吸着効果分だけ減少させることが好ましい。 In addition, the method of decreasing the addition amount of the powdered activated carbon with respect to a raw | natural water flow rate stepwise within the filtration continuation time, or the method of reducing continuously within the filtration continuation time is employable. Moreover, it is preferable to reduce the addition amount of the powdered activated carbon with respect to the raw water flow rate by an amount corresponding to the adsorption effect by the powdered activated carbon held in the membrane module.
本発明によれば、ろ過の初期においては従来と同様に原水流量に対して必要量の粉末活性炭を添加して原水中に含まれる臭気成分や色度成分を吸着させるが、添加された粉末活性炭は後段の分離膜の膜面において捕捉され、ろ過継続時間内はそのまま膜面に保持される。しかもこの粉末活性炭はなお吸着効果を失っていない。従って原水流量に対する粉末活性炭の添加量を、膜モジュール内に保持された粉末活性炭による吸着効果分だけ、ろ過継続時間内において次第に減少させて行っても、必要な吸着効果を維持することができる。従って粉末活性炭の添加量を従来よりも大幅に減少させることができ、ランニングコストの低減が可能となる。 According to the present invention, at the initial stage of filtration, the required amount of powdered activated carbon is added to the raw water flow rate as in the past to adsorb odor components and chromaticity components contained in the raw water. Is captured on the membrane surface of the subsequent separation membrane, and is retained on the membrane surface as it is during the filtration duration. Moreover, this powdered activated carbon has not lost its adsorption effect. Therefore, even if the addition amount of the powdered activated carbon with respect to the raw water flow rate is gradually reduced within the filtration duration by the adsorption effect by the powdered activated carbon held in the membrane module, the necessary adsorption effect can be maintained. Therefore, the amount of powdered activated carbon added can be greatly reduced as compared with the prior art, and the running cost can be reduced.
以下に本発明の好ましい実施形態を示す。
図1において、1は原水槽、2はろ過ポンプ、3は膜モジュールである。河川水、地下水などの原水は原水槽1に貯留され、ろ過ポンプ2により膜モジュール3に打ち込まれて膜ろ過され、処理水として取り出される。膜モジュール3に用いられる分離膜は有機膜であってもセラミック膜であってもよく、膜形状は平膜、管状膜、モノリス膜などのいずれであってもよいが、この実施形態では出願人会社製のモノリス型セラミック膜が用いられており、デッドエンドろ過が行われている。
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown below.
In FIG. 1, 1 is a raw water tank, 2 is a filtration pump, and 3 is a membrane module. Raw water such as river water and groundwater is stored in the raw water tank 1, driven into the membrane module 3 by the
原水槽1と膜モジュール3とを結ぶ管路4には、粉末活性炭供給手段5が設けられている。粉末活性炭供給手段5はホッパー6内から粉末活性炭を定量切り出しし、管路4内を流れる原水中に供給する機能を有するものである。原水と粉末活性炭との接触時間を確保するために、粉末活性炭供給手段5の設置位置は原水槽1の出口付近が好ましい。また原水槽1と膜モジュール3との間に攪拌翼を備えた混合槽を設け、攪拌しつつ混合するようにしてもよい。
A powdered activated carbon supply means 5 is provided in a
この粉末活性炭供給手段5は流量計7により検出された管路4内を流れる原水流量に応じた量の粉末活性炭を供給するものであるが、従来のように原水流量に比例した量を供給するのではなく、制御装置8によって、原水流量に対する粉末活性炭の添加量を、ろ過継続時間内において次第に減少させる。すなわち、ろ過開始時には原水流量に対して十分な量を供給するが、その後は原水流量に対する粉末活性炭の添加量を連続的に、あるいはステップ的に減少させる。
The powdered activated carbon supply means 5 supplies powdered activated carbon in an amount corresponding to the flow rate of raw water flowing through the
その減少割合は、膜モジュール内に保持された粉末活性炭による吸着効果分を考慮して決定する。すなわち、添加された粉末活性炭は管路4内を流れる間に原水中の臭気成分や色度成分を吸着するが、なお一部の吸着能力を保持したままで膜モジュール3の膜表面に捕捉される。このため、原水中の臭気成分や色度成分の総除去量=管路4内を流れる間における粉末活性炭との接触による除去量+膜モジュール3の内部に堆積した粉末活性炭による除去量であり、膜モジュール3の粉末活性炭の堆積量は次第に増加して行くため、その分だけ原水流量に対する粉末活性炭の添加量を減少させても、臭気成分や色度成分の総除去量を一定に保つことができる。
The reduction ratio is determined in consideration of the adsorption effect due to the powdered activated carbon held in the membrane module. That is, the added powdered activated carbon adsorbs odor components and chromaticity components in the raw water while flowing in the
図2は粉末活性炭の添加量を連続的に減少させた場合の、臭気成分や色度成分の除去量の変化を示すグラフである。このグラフに示すように、本発明によれば臭気成分や色度成分の除去効果を低下させることなく、粉末活性炭の使用量を削減してランニングコストを削減することができる。これに対して図3に示す従来の添加率一定方式では、余剰な除去を行っていることとなる。 FIG. 2 is a graph showing a change in the removal amount of odor components and chromaticity components when the addition amount of powdered activated carbon is continuously reduced. As shown in this graph, according to the present invention, the running cost can be reduced by reducing the amount of powdered activated carbon used without reducing the effect of removing the odor component and chromaticity component. On the other hand, in the conventional constant addition rate method shown in FIG. 3, excessive removal is performed.
なお、膜モジュール3は例えば180分のろ過運転を行う度に逆洗され、膜面に堆積したSSとともに粉末活性炭も除去される。従ってこのろ過継続時間を1サイクルとして、粉末活性炭の添加量の増減が繰り返されることとなる。 The membrane module 3 is back-washed every time a filtration operation is performed for 180 minutes, for example, and the activated carbon powder is removed together with SS deposited on the membrane surface. Therefore, the increase / decrease in the amount of powdered activated carbon is repeated with this filtration duration as one cycle.
臭気物質2-MIBを20ng/L含む湖沼水に、本発明を適用した例を示す。従来法では図4に示すように、流量に比例し5mg/Lの活性炭を添加し除去率100%を得る。比較として図5に示した添加率2mg/Lでは処理初期に十分な除去率を得られないが、処理継続とともに除去率が上昇し、150分を超えたときから除去率100%を得ており、膜モジュールに保持される活性炭の臭気除去効果を確認した。本発明を適用した処理法では、図6に示すように初期の添加率を5mg/L、ろ過90分以降の添加率を2mg/Lとすることにより、終始100%の除去率を確保し、常時5mg/L添加する従来法と比較して活性炭必要量を約4割削減することが可能であった。 An example in which the present invention is applied to lake water containing 20 ng / L of the odorous substance 2-MIB is shown. In the conventional method, as shown in FIG. 4, a 5 mg / L activated carbon is added in proportion to the flow rate to obtain a removal rate of 100%. For comparison, the removal rate of 2 mg / L shown in FIG. 5 does not provide a sufficient removal rate at the beginning of the treatment, but the removal rate increases with the continuation of the treatment, and a removal rate of 100% is obtained when it exceeds 150 minutes. The odor removal effect of the activated carbon held in the membrane module was confirmed. In the treatment method to which the present invention is applied, as shown in FIG. 6, the initial addition rate is 5 mg / L, and the addition rate after 90 minutes of filtration is 2 mg / L, thereby ensuring a removal rate of 100% throughout. Compared with the conventional method in which 5 mg / L is constantly added, the required amount of activated carbon can be reduced by about 40%.
上記の実施例のデータにも示されるように、本発明によれば臭気成分や色度成分の除去能力を低下させることなく、粉末活性炭の添加量を削減し、ランニングコストの引き下げを図ることができる利点がある。 As shown in the data of the above examples, according to the present invention, the amount of activated carbon powder can be reduced and the running cost can be reduced without reducing the odor component and chromaticity component removal ability. There are advantages you can do.
1 原水槽
2 ろ過ポンプ
3 膜モジュール
4 管路
5 粉末活性炭供給手段
6 ホッパー
7 流量計
8 制御装置
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR101884684B1 (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2018-08-02 | (주)뉴엔텍 | A greywater device |
IT202000020536A1 (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-02-27 | Ecospray Tech Srl | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF POLLUTED WATER, IN PARTICULAR FROM HEAVY METALS |
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JPS51137972A (en) * | 1975-05-23 | 1976-11-29 | Junjiro Sakagami | Excess permeation-resisting equipment |
JPH0568964A (en) * | 1991-09-18 | 1993-03-23 | Toshiba Corp | Waste water treatment device |
JPH10279170A (en) * | 1997-04-08 | 1998-10-20 | Canon Inc | Sheet hole drilling device and sheet post-processing device and picture image formation device |
JP2001070758A (en) * | 1999-09-09 | 2001-03-21 | Kubota Corp | Operation method of membrane filtration apparatus |
JP2002336616A (en) * | 2001-05-16 | 2002-11-26 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Membrane filtration method |
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Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS49875A (en) * | 1972-04-15 | 1974-01-07 | ||
JPS51137972A (en) * | 1975-05-23 | 1976-11-29 | Junjiro Sakagami | Excess permeation-resisting equipment |
JPH0568964A (en) * | 1991-09-18 | 1993-03-23 | Toshiba Corp | Waste water treatment device |
JPH10279170A (en) * | 1997-04-08 | 1998-10-20 | Canon Inc | Sheet hole drilling device and sheet post-processing device and picture image formation device |
JP2001070758A (en) * | 1999-09-09 | 2001-03-21 | Kubota Corp | Operation method of membrane filtration apparatus |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR101884684B1 (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2018-08-02 | (주)뉴엔텍 | A greywater device |
IT202000020536A1 (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-02-27 | Ecospray Tech Srl | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF POLLUTED WATER, IN PARTICULAR FROM HEAVY METALS |
WO2022043905A1 (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-03-03 | Ecospray Technologies S.R.L. | System and method for the treatment of polluted waters, in particular with heavy metals |
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