JP2007247213A - Tunnel boring machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tunnel boring machine capable of easily boring a wide tunnel by preventing a natural ground from collapsing. <P>SOLUTION: A forward ground is so excavated that the cross section of the width thereof to be excavated is increased by projecting a copy cutter 3 from the outer peripheral part of a cutter head 2 to the outside and recessing it and swinging the cutter head 2 in the width increasing direction while drivingly rotating the cutter head 2 attached to the front of a skin plate 1. A movable body part 10 is so projected in the width increasing direction that sediment excavated according to the increased width amount can be taken into a chamber 9. A hood 11 is projected in the width increasing direction according to the increased width amount. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator capable of expanding the excavation width during tunnel excavation.

  Generally, in a tunnel excavator, a cutter head is rotatably attached to a front portion of a tubular excavator body, and a shield jack and a segment erector are attached to a rear portion of the excavator body. Accordingly, the excavator body is advanced by the shield jack while rotating the cutter head by the drive motor, thereby excavating the ground in front and excavating and forming the tunnel mine. A tunnel can be constructed by assembling segments on the inner wall surface.

  By the way, when excavating an underground tunnel with a tunnel excavator, not only a road part is constructed in the tunnel, but also an emergency parking zone that widens the road part at a certain distance in the tunnel length direction on the side of the road part. There was a need to build widening parts such as parts and equipment installation locations. Conventional methods for constructing a widened part in a tunnel include an open-cut method, a method of excavating and lining the widened part by partially removing a segment after constructing the tunnel body, or a method using a tunnel excavator dedicated to widening, etc. It has been implemented.

  However, the inner wall surface of the tunnel pit formed by excavation is unstable, and there is no problem if the ground is less collapsed. However, in the ground where the natural ground tends to collapse, the inner wall surface of the tunnel mine collapses before the segment is assembled. There was a risk. In the conventional tunnel excavator, the widened portion is excavated with the widening cutter, and the widening member provided behind the widening cutter is protruded in the widening direction to prevent the widening portion from collapsing. Such a conventional tunnel excavator is disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example.

JP 2002-89172 A

  However, in the conventional tunnel excavator described above, a widening cutter for excavating only the widening portion is provided, and the excavation soil is taken in from the opening formed in the widening cutter, so the structure of the excavator body is extremely It was complicated. In addition, since the widening cutter protrudes in a fan shape in the widening direction, not only a gap is formed between the widening member and the widening member arranged behind it, but also the inner wall surface of the widening part from immediately after excavation to assembling the segments Has not been adequately addressed.

  Accordingly, the present invention solves the above-described problems, and provides a tunnel excavator capable of easily excavating a widening tunnel while preventing collapse of a natural ground.

The tunnel excavator according to the first invention for solving the above-described problems is
Excavator body,
A cutter head that is rotatably provided at a front portion of the excavator body and excavates the ground in front;
A telescopic cutter for widening excavation provided so as to be able to move in and out of the outer periphery of the cutter head;
An expansion / contraction member that expands / contracts in the widening direction according to the amount of widening from the outer shell of the excavator and that anchors the widening tunnel.

The tunnel excavator according to the second invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is
Excavator body,
A cutter head that is rotatably provided at a front portion of the excavator body and excavates the ground in front;
A rocking device for rocking the cutter head in the widening direction;
A movable body portion that forms a chamber chamber that accommodates the earth and sand that has been expanded and contracted in the expansion direction according to the amount of expansion with respect to the outer shell of the excavator, and excavated by the cutter head;
An expansion / contraction member that expands / contracts in the widening direction from the outer shell of the excavator in accordance with the amount of widening and that anchors the widening tunnel.

A tunnel excavator according to a third invention for solving the above-described problem is
Excavator body,
A cutter head that is rotatably provided at a front portion of the excavator body and excavates the ground in front;
A telescopic cutter for widening excavation provided so as to be able to move in and out of the outer periphery of the cutter head;
A rocking device for rocking the cutter head in the widening direction;
A movable body portion that forms a chamber chamber that accommodates the earth and sand that has been expanded and contracted in the expansion direction according to the amount of expansion with respect to the outer shell of the excavator, and excavated by the cutter head;
An expansion / contraction member that expands / contracts in the widening direction from the outer shell of the excavator in accordance with the amount of widening and that anchors the widening tunnel.

A tunnel excavator according to a fourth invention for solving the above-described problem is
In the tunnel excavator according to any one of the first to third inventions,
The expansion / contraction member extends to the vicinity of a front end of a segment assembled in the widening tunnel.

  According to the tunnel excavator according to the first invention, the excavator main body, the cutter head rotatably provided at the front portion of the excavator main body, and excavating the ground in front thereof, the cutter at the outer periphery of the cutter head By providing a telescopic cutter that is provided outside the head so as to be able to move in and out for widening excavation, and an expansion and contraction member that expands and contracts in the widening direction according to the amount of widening from the outer shell of the excavator and mounts the widening tunnel. It is possible to easily excavate the widening tunnel by preventing the collapse.

  According to the tunnel excavator according to the second invention, the excavator body, the cutter head rotatably provided at the front portion of the excavator body and excavating the front ground, and swinging the cutter head in the widening direction An oscillating device to be moved, a movable body part that is expanded and contracted in a widening direction according to a widening amount with respect to an outer shell of the excavator, and forms a chamber chamber that accommodates the earth and sand excavated by the cutter head, and an outside of the excavator A widening tunnel can be easily excavated by preventing a collapse of a natural ground by including a expansion / contraction member that expands / contracts in the widening direction according to the amount of widening from the shell and stops the widening tunnel.

  According to the tunnel excavator of the third invention, the excavator main body, the cutter head rotatably provided at the front portion of the excavator main body, and excavating the front ground, and the cutter at the outer periphery of the cutter head A telescopic cutter that can be extended and retracted to the outside of the head for widening excavation, a swinging device that swings the cutter head in the widening direction, and an expansion / contraction in the widening direction according to the widening amount with respect to the outer shell of the excavator And a movable body portion that forms a chamber chamber that accommodates the earth and sand excavated by the cutter head, and an expansion / contraction member that expands / contracts in the widening direction from the outer shell of the excavator according to the widening amount and mounts the widening tunnel. Thus, the widening tunnel can be easily excavated while preventing the collapse of the natural ground.

  According to the tunnel excavator according to the fourth invention, in the tunnel excavator according to any one of the first to third inventions, the expansion / contraction member is extended to the vicinity of the front end of the segment assembled to the widening tunnel. Therefore, it is possible to reliably prevent the collapse of natural ground.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 is a schematic plan view of a tunnel excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a view showing a state in which a cutter head is swung during widening. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C in FIG. 3, FIG. 6 is a view showing a state in which the cutter head does not swing during widening, It is DD sectional view taken on the line of FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a cutter head 2 having a substantially disc shape is rotatably mounted on a front portion of a skin plate 1 having a cylindrical shape as an excavator body. A large number of cutter bits 3 are fixed to the front portion of the cutter head 2, and a large number of copy cutters 4 are supported on the outer peripheral portion thereof so as to be able to appear and retract in the radial direction. A cutter drum 5 is fixed to the rear part of the cutter head 2, while a skin driving device 7 including a cutter head drive motor 6 is provided on the skin plate 1, and a ring gear and a cutter (not shown) of the cutter drum 5 are provided. A drive gear (not shown) of the drive device 7 is engaged. The cutter head 2 is supported by a swinging device (not shown) so as to be swingable in the widening direction, that is, in a direction substantially perpendicular to the digging direction.

  Therefore, the cutter head 2 is rotated through the cutter drum 5 when the cutter driving device 7 is driven by the cutter head driving motor 6, and is oscillated in the widening direction when the oscillating device is driven. The copy cutter 4 protrudes from the outer periphery of the cutter head 2 in the cutter head predetermined angle range (during widening excavation), and is housed in the cutter head 2 at other angles. That is, when excavating the standard tunnel T1, the cutter head 2 is disposed on the axis of the skin plate 11, and when excavating the widening tunnel T2 (see FIG. 3), the cutter head 2 is swung and the copy cutter 4 is moved. Haunt.

  A bulk head 8 disposed behind the cutter head 2 is provided at the front portion of the skin plate 1, whereby a chamber chamber 9 is formed between the cutter head 2 and the bulk head 8. . The chamber chamber 9 is connected to an unillustrated excavation sediment discharge device, and the excavated sediment contained in the chamber chamber 9 is discharged by a pipe connected to this device and extending to the outside of the tunnel excavator. .

  A movable body 10 and a hood 11 are provided on the wide side of the skin plate 1. The movable body portion 10 and the hood 11 form a part of the outer shell of the skin plate 1 and are supported so as to be freely expandable and contractable in the widening direction. The movable body portion 10 forms the outside of the chamber chamber 9 at the front end portion in the digging direction, and is supported by the expansion / contraction jack 12 so as to be expandable / contractible in the widening direction. On the other hand, the hood 11, which is an expansion / contraction member, is provided adjacent to the rear of the movable member 10 in the digging direction, and is supported by the pressing jack 13 so as to be expandable / contractible in the width direction. The length of the hood 11 in the digging direction is formed from the rear end of the movable barrel 10 to the front end of the assembled segment S described later.

  That is, the movable member 10 and the hood 11 are accommodated in the skin plate 1 when only the standard tunnel T1 is excavated, and protruded in the widening direction according to the widening amount when excavating the widening tunnel T2. The hood 11 presses the inner wall surface of the widened portion t2 to prevent the natural mountain from collapsing.

  A plurality of shield jacks 14 are provided in parallel along the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface of the rear portion of the skin plate 1 (only one is shown in FIG. 1), and the shield jacks 14 extend rearward in the digging direction. Then, by pressing against the segment S assembled on the inner wall surface of the standard tunnel T1, the skin plate 1 can be advanced by the reaction force. Further, a segment erector (not shown) is provided at the rear part of the skin plate 1, and this segment erector is a new segment S in the space between the skin plate 1 advanced by the shield jack 14 and the assembled segment S. Can be assembled.

  Next, the operation of the tunnel excavator according to this embodiment will be described.

  First, when excavating the standard tunnel T1, the plurality of shield jacks 14 are extended while the cutter head 2 is rotated by driving the cutter head driving motor 6, and the reaction force is applied to the assembled segment S. By moving the skin plate 1 forward, a number of cutter bits 3 excavate the front ground. The earth and sand excavated by the cutter bit 3 is taken into the chamber chamber 9 and discharged to the outside by piping of the excavated earth and sand discharging device. Next, a space with the assembled segment S is formed by operating any one of the shield jacks 14 in the contracting direction, and a new segment S is assembled in this space by the segment erector. By repeating this operation, a standard tunnel T1 having a predetermined length can be formed by excavation.

  Further, when excavating the widening tunnel T2, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 7, when the skin plate 1 is arranged at the widening position, the cutter head 2 is rotated at a predetermined angle while the cutter head 2 is rotated. The cutter 4 is driven to reciprocate so that it protrudes and retracts, and the cutter head 2 is swung in the widening direction by a swinging device, the plurality of shield jacks 14 are extended, and the pressing reaction force against the assembled segment S By moving the skin plate 1 forward, a large number of cutter bits 3 excavate the front ground. At the same time, the movable body 10 is protruded in the widening direction by extension of the expansion / contraction jack 12, and the hood 11 is protruded in the widening direction by extension of the pressing jack 12. At this time, the widening amount (oscillation amount) of the cutter head 2 gradually increases to a predetermined widening amount, and the movable body 10 and the hood 11 are also gradually protruded in the widening direction according to the widening amount. Moreover, the hood 11 always presses the inner peripheral surface of the widened portion t2 up to the front end of the assembled segment S so as to prevent the natural mountain from collapsing.

  Then, the earth and sand excavated by the cutter bit 3 is taken into the chamber chamber 9 enlarged by the protrusion of the movable body 10, and is discharged to the outside through the piping of the excavated earth and sand discharging device. Next, a space with the assembled segment S is formed by operating any one of the shield jacks 14 in the contracting direction, and the space can be expanded in the circumferential direction of the widened portion t2 corresponding to the widened portion t2 by the segment erector. After disposing the widened segment S, the widened segment is expanded and assembled along the inner wall surface of the widened portion t2. By repeating this operation, the widening tunnel T2 having a predetermined length can be formed by excavation.

  Next, when the standard tunnel T1 is excavated after the widening tunnel T2 is excavated, the copy cutter 4 is stored, the drive of the swinging device is stopped, and the cutter head 2 is arranged on the axis of the skin plate 1, The expansion / contraction jack 12 and the pressing jack 13 are actuated in the contracting direction, and the movable body 10 and the hood 11 are retracted so as to form the outer shell of the skin plate 1, thereby forming the standard tunnel T1 by excavation. Can do.

  In this embodiment, the cutter head 2 is swung while the copy cutter 4 is projected and retracted. However, only the copy cutter 4 is driven to a predetermined widening amount, and thereafter only the cutter head 2 is swung. It doesn't matter if you do. Although depending on the widening amount, only the copy cutter 4 may be driven if the widening amount is small, and widening may be performed only by swinging the cutter head 2 if the widening amount is large. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the tunnel excavator performing widening on one side has been described, but the present invention can also be applied to a tunnel excavator performing widening on both sides.

  Therefore, according to the tunnel excavator of the present invention, while the cutter head 2 provided at the front portion of the skin plate 1 is driven to rotate, the copy cutter 4 is caused to appear and disappear from the outer periphery of the cutter head 2 and the cutter head 2 2 is swung in the widening direction, the ground in front is excavated so that the width of the excavation cross section is enlarged, and the earth and sand excavated by the cutter head 2 according to the widening amount of the movable body 10 is put into the chamber chamber 9. While projecting in the widening direction so that it can be captured, the hood 11 is projected in the widening direction according to the widening amount and pressed against the inner wall surface of the widening part t2, thereby preventing the collapse of the natural ground with a simple configuration and widening tunnel T2. Can be easily excavated. Further, since the hood 11 extends to the front end of the assembled segment S, the widened portion t2 can be pressed until the new segment S is assembled, and the inner wall surface of the widened portion t2 is reliably prevented from collapsing. be able to.

  The present invention can be applied to a tunnel excavator that suppresses the collapse of the inner wall surface of the tunnel and improves the efficiency of excavation work.

1 is a schematic plan view of a tunnel excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is AA arrow sectional drawing of FIG. It is a figure which shows a mode that the cutter head rock | fluctuated at the time of widening. It is a BB arrow sectional view of Drawing 3. It is CC sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is a figure which shows a mode when the cutter head is not rock | fluctuating at the time of widening. It is DD sectional view taken on the line of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Skin plate 2 Cutter head 3 Cutter bit 4 Copy cutter 5 Cutter drum 6 Cutter head drive motor 7 Cutter drive device 8 Bulk head 9 Chamber chamber 10 Movable barrel 11 Hood 12 Expansion jack 13 Press jack 14 Shield jack

Claims (4)

Excavator body,
A cutter head that is rotatably provided at a front portion of the excavator body and excavates the ground in front;
A telescopic cutter for widening excavation provided so as to be able to move in and out of the outer periphery of the cutter head;
A tunnel excavator comprising: an expansion / contraction member that expands / contracts in a widening direction according to an amount of widening from an outer shell of the excavator and that anchors the widening tunnel. Excavator body,
A cutter head that is rotatably provided at a front portion of the excavator body and excavates the ground in front;
A rocking device for rocking the cutter head in the widening direction;
A movable body portion that forms a chamber chamber that accommodates the earth and sand that has been expanded and contracted in the expansion direction according to the amount of expansion with respect to the outer shell of the excavator, and excavated by the cutter head;
A tunnel excavator comprising: an expansion / contraction member that expands / contracts in a widening direction in accordance with the amount of widening from an outer shell of the excavator, and anchors the widening tunnel. Excavator body,
A cutter head that is rotatably provided at a front portion of the excavator body and excavates the ground in front;
A telescopic cutter for widening excavation provided so as to be able to move in and out of the outer periphery of the cutter head;
A rocking device for rocking the cutter head in the widening direction;
A movable body portion that forms a chamber chamber that accommodates the earth and sand that has been expanded and contracted in the expansion direction according to the amount of expansion with respect to the outer shell of the excavator, and excavated by the cutter head;
A tunnel excavator comprising: an expansion / contraction member that expands / contracts in a widening direction in accordance with the amount of widening from an outer shell of the excavator, and anchors the widening tunnel. The tunnel excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The expansion / contraction member extends to the vicinity of the front end of a segment attached to the widening tunnel.

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