JP2007246416A - Inhibitor of fusarium wilt of spinach and use of the same - Google Patents
Inhibitor of fusarium wilt of spinach and use of the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明はホウレンソウの収穫に大きな影響を与える萎凋病の発生を、バチルス・チューリンジェンシス菌（Bacillus thuringiensis）B1020菌株（受託番号 ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−２０７７０）を用いて抑制する技術に関する。 The present invention relates to a technique for suppressing the occurrence of wilt disease that greatly affects the harvest of spinach using a Bacillus thuringiensis B1020 strain (Accession No. FERM P-20770).
ホウレンソウ萎凋病は土壌伝染性病原菌である糸状菌フザリウム・オキスポラム・f.sp.スピナシエ菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.spinaciae によって引き起こされる典型的なホウレンソウ病害である。
本病害に罹病したホウレンソウは、葉の部分は下位葉から、黄化、萎凋し、落葉する。また、根は主根と側根の先端部、あるいは側根基部から黒褐変し、生育は著しく不良となり、枯死する。
Spinach wilt is a typical spinach disease caused by the soil-borne pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. spinaciae.
Spinach affected by this disease is yellowed, wilted, and defoliated from the lower leaves. The roots turn black and brown from the main root and the tip of the side root, or from the base of the side root, and the growth becomes extremely poor and dies.
従来、植物及び果実における真菌感染または細菌感染による病害を抑制する方法として、抗菌活性を有するバチルス・チューリンジェンシス（Bacillus thuringiensis）菌AQ52(NRRL寄託番号Ｂ２１６１９)の菌の培養物を用いる方法が、特表２００１−５２４８０６号公報で知られている。 Conventionally, as a method for suppressing diseases caused by fungal infection or bacterial infection in plants and fruits, a method using a culture of Bacillus thuringiensis AQ52 (NRRL deposit number B21619) having antibacterial activity, It is known from Japanese translations of PCT publication No. 2001-524806.
このバチルス・チューリンジェンシス株は他の細菌株との組み合わせによって、トマト植物の焼き枯れ病の抑制、ビートアワヨトウ幼虫の生育阻害を示す。しかしながらホウレンソウ萎凋病に有効であるとまでは知られていなかった。
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、従来の問題を解消し、ホウレンソウ萎凋病を有効に抑制しうる細菌を用いたホウレンソウ萎凋病抑制剤及び抑制方法を提供することにある。 The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a spinach wilt disease inhibitor and method using a bacterium capable of solving the conventional problems and effectively suppressing spinach wilt disease.
かかる課題を解決した本発明の構成は、
１） バチルス・チュ−リンジェンシス（Bacillus thuringiensis）B1020株（受託番号 ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−２０７７０）を有効菌とする、ホウレンソウ萎凋病抑制剤
２） 粉粒体状担体・湿潤粉末・ペレット・顆粒剤・流動性剤又はマイクロカプセルにバチルス・チューリンジェンシス（Bacillus thuringiensis）B1020株（受託番号 ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−２０７７０）を含有させた請求項１記載のホウレンソウ萎凋病抑制剤
３） バチルス・チューリンジェンシス（Bacillus thuringiensis）B1020株（受託番号 ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−２０７７０）を液体培地で培養した液体状の請求項１記載のホウレンソウ萎凋病抑制剤
４） バチルス・チューリンジェンシス（Bacillus thuringiensis）B1020株（受託番号 ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−２０７７０）を固体培地で培養した固形状の請求項１記載のホウレンソウ萎凋病抑制剤
５） 肥料に請求項１〜４のホウレンソウ萎凋病抑制剤を添加して、ホウレンソウ萎凋病を抑制できるホウレンソウ用肥料
６） 農薬に請求項１〜４のホウレンソウ萎凋病抑制剤を添加して、ホウレンソウ萎凋病を抑制できるホウレンソウ用農薬
７） 土に請求項１〜４いずれかのホウレンソウ萎凋病抑制剤を接種して、ホウレンソウ萎凋病の発生を抑制できるホウレンソウ栽培土
８） 請求項１〜４いずれかのホウレンソウ萎凋病抑制剤を畑に散布又は透き込んで、ホウレンソウ萎凋病の発生を抑制できるホウレンソウ萎凋病抑制方法
９） ホウレンソウの種子を請求項１〜４いずれかのホウレンソウ萎凋病抑制剤に接触させてホウレンソウ種子表面にバチルス・チューリンジェンシス（Bacillus thuringiensis）B1020株（受託番号 ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−２０７７０）を付着させてから畑に植え付けて、ホウレンソウ萎凋病の発生を抑えるホウレンソウ萎凋病抑制方法
にある。
The configuration of the present invention that solves this problem is as follows.
1) Spinach wilt disease inhibitor 2 using Bacillus thuringiensis B1020 strain (Accession No. FERM P-20770) as effective bacteria 2) Granular carrier, wet powder, pellet, granule, fluidity The spinach
本発明によれば、バチルス・チューリンジェンシス（Bacillus thuringiensis）B1020株（受託番号 ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−２０７７０）を有効菌（その培養物）とすることで、ホウレンソウ萎凋病を効果的に抑制できた。また、その施用方法として、土壌または栽培土にバチルス・チューリンジェンシス（Bacillus thuringiensis）B1020株（受託番号 ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−２０７７０）のホウレンソウ萎凋病抑制剤を散布すること、または、漉き込むことでホウレンソウ萎凋病が発生し難い畑、土壌にでき、また、本発明のホウレンソウ萎凋病抑制剤に接触させたホウレンソウの種子を播種すると萎凋病の発生が極めて少なくできるという効果がある。 According to the present invention, spinach wilt disease can be effectively suppressed by using Bacillus thuringiensis B1020 strain (Accession No. FERM P-20770) as an effective bacterium (culture thereof). Moreover, as the application method, spinach wilt is spread by spraying or swallowing the spinach wilt inhibitor of Bacillus thuringiensis B1020 strain (Accession No. FERM P-20770) on the soil or cultivated soil. When the seeds of spinach contacted with the spinach wilt disease inhibitor of the present invention are sown, the occurrence of wilt disease can be extremely reduced.
本発明のバチルス・チューリンジェンシス（Bacillus thuringiensis）B1020株（受託番号 ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−２０７７０）は、単独でも有効であるが、有害病原菌を抑止する他の細菌（抗菌性微生物）とともに混合培養して、これを畑または土壌に散布することが好ましい。または、種子にこの培養物を接触させることでもかなりの萎凋病を抑止できる。ホウレンソウ萎凋病抑制剤の最も好ましい使用方法は、種子をその抑制剤に直接つける方法か、あるいは種子を播種する前に土壌に直接散布する方法が好ましい。 Bacillus thuringiensis B1020 strain (Accession No. FERM P-20770) of the present invention is effective alone, but is mixed and cultured with other bacteria (antibacterial microorganisms) that inhibit harmful pathogens, It is preferable to spray this on a field or soil. Alternatively, considerable wilt can be suppressed by contacting the culture with seeds. The most preferable method of using the spinach wilt disease inhibitor is to apply seeds directly to the inhibitor, or to spray the seeds directly on the soil before sowing the seeds.
本発明に使用するバチルス・チューリンジェンシス（Bacillus thuringiensis）B1020株（受託番号 ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−２０７７０）の性状について説明する。
１．形態学的性状試験
グラム染色 陽性
好気性
運動性 陽性
桿菌（単菌か２連鎖菌がほとんどで、まれに３〜６連鎖菌が有る）
胞子形成（楕円形：芽胞位置 偏在）
胞子の横にいびつな球形、ダルマ型、ハート形のParasporal crystalを作る（図１参照）
The properties of Bacillus thuringiensis B1020 strain (Accession No. FERM P-20770) used in the present invention will be described.
1. Morphological characterization test Gram staining Positive Aerobic Motility Positive Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Most mono- or double-linked bacteria, rarely 3 to 6-linked bacteria)
Spore formation (oval: spore location unevenly distributed)
Create an irregular spherical, dharma, or heart-shaped parasporal crystal next to the spores (see Figure 1).
生化学的性状テストの結果は表２のとおりである。 The results of the biochemical property test are shown in Table 2.
本発明に使用するバチルス・チューリンジェンシス（Bacillus thuringiensis）B1020株（受託番号 ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−２０７７０）の特性は表３のとおりである。 Table 3 shows the characteristics of the Bacillus thuringiensis B1020 strain (accession number FERM P-20770) used in the present invention.
本発明に使用するバチルス・チューリンジェンシス（Bacillus thuringiensis）B1020株（受託番号 ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−２０７７０）の寄託の情報
寄託所：独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 特殊生物寄託センター
受託番号 ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−２０７７０：
分類学上の位置：Bacillus thuringiensis
識別のための表示：Ｂ１０２０
Information on deposit of Bacillus thuringiensis B1020 strain (Accession No. FERM P-20770) used in the present invention Depositary: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Special Depositary Depositary No. FERM P-20770:
Taxonomic position: Bacillus thuringiensis
Display for identification: B1020
（ポット試験）
本発明のバチルス・チューリンジェンシス（Bacillus thuringiensis）B1020株（受託番号 ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−２０７７０）を使用しての図２，３で示すポットを用いたポット試験の方法及び結果を説明する。
まず、インビトロの試験（試験室での抗菌活性試験）で得られたデーターに基づいて、約３千株のバチルス・チューリンジェンシス菌（Bacillus thuringiensis）のライブラリーの中からホウレンソウ萎凋病の病原菌である糸状菌フザリウム・オキスポラム・f.sp.スピナシエ菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.spinaciae に対して強い抗菌活性を持つバチルス・チューリンジェンシス菌（Bacillus thuringiensis）を１１菌株選び出し、ビニールハウス内でポット（鉢）試験を実施した。
この試験は、ポットに実際の栽培土壌を入れ、この栽培土壌にホウレンソウ萎凋病の病原菌である糸状菌フザリウム・オキスポラム・f.sp.スピナシエ菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.spinaciae と１１菌株のバチルス・チューリンジェンシス菌（Bacillus thuringiensis）を植菌し、その後ホウレンソウの種子を播種してホウレンソウを栽培し、ホウレンソウ萎凋病の抑制効果の最も強いバチルス・チューリンジェンシス菌（Bacillus thuringiensis）を１菌株だけ選抜するために実施したものである。
試験区は全部で１３区設けた。ブランク区（対照区：第０区）は無菌試験区、第１２区は病原菌である糸状菌フザリウム・オキスポラム・f.sp.スピナシエ菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.spinaciae のみの試験区とした。また、第１区〜第１１区を病害抑制効果検定試験区とし、各試験区にそれぞれ表４に示すような菌を接種した。
(Pot test)
A method and results of a pot test using the pot shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 using the Bacillus thuringiensis B1020 strain (Accession No. FERM P-20770) of the present invention will be described.
First, based on the data obtained in the in vitro test (laboratory antibacterial activity test), about 3,000 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis from the spinach wilt pathogen Eleven strains of Bacillus thuringiensis having strong antibacterial activity against a certain fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ) The test was conducted.
In this test, the actual cultivated soil was placed in a pot, and the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. spinaciae and 11 strains of Bacillus thuringin, which are pathogenic to spinach wilt Inoculate Bacillus thuringiensis, then sow seeds of spinach and cultivate spinach, and select only one strain of Bacillus thuringiensis that has the strongest inhibitory effect on spinach wilt This is what we did.
A total of 13 test zones were established. The blank group (control group: group 0) was the sterility test group, and the group 12 was the test group for the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. spinaciae only. In addition, the first to eleventh wards were designated as disease inhibition effect test test wards, and each test ward was inoculated with bacteria as shown in Table 4.
表５より、バチルス・チューリンジェンシス（Bacillus thuringiensis）B1020株（受託番号 ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−２０７７０）がホウレンソウ萎凋病の発病度が最も小さいことからホウレンソウ萎凋病に対して最も強い抑制効果があることを確認した。
From Table 5, it is confirmed that Bacillus thuringiensis B1020 strain (Accession No. FERM P-20770) has the strongest inhibitory effect on spinach wilt since it has the lowest incidence of spinach wilt did.
以下、ポット試験の手順を詳しく説明する。ここで、ＢＴ菌とはバチルス・チューリンジェンシス（Bacillus thuringiensis）菌、病原菌とはホウレンソウ萎凋病菌である糸状菌フザリウム・オキスポラム・f.sp.スピナシエ菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.spinaciae の略称である。
１．病害菌の調整
病害菌（Fuzariumu oxiporum fsp spinaciae）はPDB培地にて２５℃、４３日間 １２０ｒｐｍで培養して、濃度を４×１０６cfu／mLになるように調整したものを試験に供した。この試験は、平成１６年１２月１４日から平成１７年１月２６日で行った。
Hereinafter, the procedure of the pot test will be described in detail. Here, BT bacteria is an abbreviation for Bacillus thuringiensis, and pathogenic bacteria is an abbreviation for the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. spinaciae, which is a fungus of spinach wilt.
1. Adjustment of the disease-causing fungus The disease-causing fungus (Fuzariumu oxiporum fsp spinaciae) was cultured in a PDB medium at 25 ° C. for 43 days at 120 rpm, and the concentration was adjusted to 4 × 10 6 cfu / mL. This test was conducted from December 14, 2004 to January 26, 2005.
２．病害菌の土壌接種
１で調整したホウレンソウ萎凋病病害菌（Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.spinaciae）を第１区〜第１２区まで濃度を１０６cfu／mLになるように調整し、試験土壌の入った鉢に１鉢当たり約0.61Lの量を散布し、その試験土壌を攪拌混合した。計算より、試験土壌１ｇ当たりの病害菌密度は１０４cfu／gとなる。また、第０区は対照区として滅菌したPDB培地のみを約０．６１L散布し、他の試験区と同様に攪拌混合した。この試験は1月２６日に実施した。
2. Soil inoculation of disease fungus Adjust spinach wilt disease disease fungus (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.spinaciae) prepared in 1 from 1st to 12th to a concentration of 10 6 cfu / mL. An amount of about 0.61 L per one pot was sprayed on the pot, and the test soil was stirred and mixed. From the calculation, the density of diseased bacteria per 1 g of the test soil is 10 4 cfu / g. In the 0th group, only 0.61 L of sterilized PDB medium was sprayed as a control group, and stirred and mixed in the same manner as the other test groups. This test was conducted on January 26th.
３．BT菌の調整
BT菌は１００mＬ三角フラスコにBTメディウムを８mＬ入れ、BT菌を１白金耳植菌し、２４時間、２８℃、１２０rpmで前培養した後、２Lの攪拌三角フラスコに移してさらにBTメディウムを添加して、１個当たりの培養量を８００mLに増やして28℃、２４時間、１２０rpmで本培養して試験に供した。この試験は、平成１６年１２月４日、５日と平成１７年１月２７日、２８日に実施した。
3. Adjustment of BT bacteria
BT bacteria are placed in a 100 mL Erlenmeyer flask with 8 mL of BT medium, BT bacteria are inoculated with 1 platinum ear, pre-cultured for 24 hours at 28 ° C., 120 rpm, transferred to a 2 L agitated Erlenmeyer flask, and further BT medium is added. Then, the culture amount per one was increased to 800 mL, and the main culture was performed at 28 ° C. for 24 hours at 120 rpm for the test. This test was carried out on December 4, 2004 and 5th, and on January 27th and 28th, 2005.
４．ホウレンソウ種子の播種、BT菌の接種、及び接種ホウレンソウ苗の定植
BT菌は、ホウレンソウ種子の播種時に播種カゴ（培養土入り）の１マス当りそれぞれ１０ｍLを接種して育苗した。その後ホウレンソウ苗を培養土とともに定植する際、株元に再度BT菌を１０mＬ接種して、２で作製した汚染土壌入りポットに定植した。従って、ＢＴ菌培養液の接種量は１０ｍＬと２０ｍＬの２とおりとなる。また、対照区の第0区と病害区の第12区については、滅菌したBTメディウムのみを試験区と同様の方法で接種した。この作業のBT菌接種及びホウレンソウ種子の播種は、平成１６年１２月６日に、BT菌接種及びホウレンソウ定植は、平成１７年1月２９日に実施した。
4). Seeding spinach seeds, inoculating BT fungi, and planting inoculated spinach seedlings
BT bacteria were seeded and grown by inoculating 10 mL each of a seed basket (with culture soil) at the time of sowing of spinach seeds. Thereafter, when the spinach seedlings were planted together with the culture soil, 10 mL of BT bacteria were again inoculated to the stock and planted in a pot containing contaminated soil prepared in 2. Therefore, the amount of inoculated BT bacteria culture solution is 10 mL and 20 mL. Moreover, about the 0th area of the control area and the 12th area of the disease area, only the sterilized BT medium was inoculated in the same manner as the test area. Inoculation of BT bacteria and seeding of spinach seeds were carried out on December 6, 2004, and inoculation of BT bacteria and spinach planting were carried out on January 29, 2005.
５．栽培管理
ポット内の土壌が、やや湿っている状態からやや乾燥している状態を維持する様に適時散水を行い、土壌の肥料切れを起こす頃、液肥１０００倍希釈溶液を１ポット当たり約４００mＬ散布した。
5). Cultivation management When the soil in the pot is sprinkled in a timely manner so that the soil is kept slightly dry from the slightly wet state, when the soil fertilizer runs out, the liquid fertilizer 1000 times diluted solution is sprayed about 400mL per pot. did.
６．発病指数の検定
３月２日に発病指数の検定を行った。検定方法は目視によりホウレンソウの発病状況を観察し、表６に示した５段階で発病指数を判定し、これをもとにして各区画の総合発病度、平均発病度を計算した。
6). Disease index test On March 2, the disease index was tested. In the test method, the pathogenic condition of spinach was visually observed, the disease index was determined in five stages shown in Table 6, and based on this, the total disease severity and average disease severity were calculated.
発病度計算法＝(Σ発病指数×同株数)／（４×全調査株数）×１００ Disease severity calculation method = (Σ disease index × number of same strains) / (4 × total number of surveyed strains) × 100
７．結果
各試験区の発病状況を、６の発病指数検定法に従い観察して発病度を計算した。その結果、表５に示すごとく第９試験区が最も発病度が小さく、この区で使用されたバチルス・チューリンジェンシス（Bacillus thuringiensis）B1020株（受託番号 ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−２０７７０）はホウレンソウ萎凋病を抑制する効果が最も高いことが分かった。
7). Results The disease state of each test section was observed according to the disease index test method of 6, and the disease severity was calculated. As a result, as shown in Table 5, the 9th test group had the lowest disease severity, and the Bacillus thuringiensis B1020 strain (accession number FERM P-20770) used in this group suppressed spinach wilt disease. It turns out that the effect to do is the highest.
次に、本発明を使用して実際の圃場で試験してその効果を確認した試験を述べる。 Next, the test which confirmed the effect by testing in an actual field using this invention is described.
本試験は、日本植物防疫協会に委託して、奈良県植物防疫協会の試験圃場で実施した試験である。 This test was a test conducted on the test field of the Nara Prefecture Plant Protection Association, outsourced to the Japan Plant Protection Association.
本試験に供した試験サンプルは表７に示すような材料を配合した。 Test samples subjected to this test were blended with materials as shown in Table 7.
試験目的は本剤を応用したサンプルのホウレンソウ萎凋病に対する防除効果とサンプルのホウレンソウに対する薬害調査である。
本剤を応用したサンプルの効果の程度を比較するため、対照薬剤として化学農薬のバスアミド微粒剤を使用した。
圃場は雨除けハウスの特別に設定した萎凋病汚染圃場で、ホウレンソウ萎凋病が多発する圃場であった。
ホウレンソウの品種はスクープという品種で試験を行った。
The purpose of the study was to control the spinach wilt of the sample using this drug and to investigate the phytotoxicity of the sample to spinach.
In order to compare the degree of effect of the sample to which this agent was applied, a chemical pesticide basamide granule was used as a control agent.
The field was a special field of wilt disease contaminated by the rain guard house, and it was a field with frequent spinach wilt.
The spinach variety was tested as a scoop variety.
試験は試験Ａと試験Ｂに分け、試験Ａは平成１７年７月２２日に、又、試験Ｂは８月３０日に試験開始（ホウレンソウ種子の播種）した。
圃場面積は１区画２．５ｍ２とし、試験Ａ、試験Ｂそれぞれ同じ試験を２区画ずつ設けた。
The test was divided into test A and test B. Test A started on July 22, 2005, and test B started on August 30 (seeding of spinach seeds).
The field area was 2.5 m 2 per section, and two sections each having the same test A and test B were provided.
試験はＡ、Ｂ両方とも本剤を応用したサンプル施用区と対照薬剤の化学農薬・バスアミド微粒剤施用区、それと無処理区の３とおりの方法でそれぞれ２区画ずつ、合計１２区画で行った。
施肥はすべての区画に「ＩＢ化成１０−１０−１０」を１０ａ当たり１００ｋｇを試験圃場全面に施用した。
In both A and B, the test was carried out in a total of 12 sections, 2 sections each in three ways: a sample application section to which this agent was applied, a control chemical chemical pesticide / basamide granule application section, and an untreated section.
For fertilization, 100 kg per 10a of “IB conversion 10-10-10” was applied to all plots on the entire test field.
（試験Ａ）
本剤の応用サンプルは７月１２日〜２１日まで黒ポリエチレンフィルムで被覆し、被覆を除去後、本剤応用サンプルを１００ｋｇ／１０ａの割合で試験区全体に均一に散布して、深さ１０〜２０ｃｍまで攪拌混合した。
対照薬剤の化学農薬・バスアミド微粒剤は７月１２日に２０ｋｇ／１０ａを均一に散布して、深さ１５〜２０ｃｍまで土壌と十分混和し、黒ポリエチレンフィルムで７月１９日まで被覆した。被覆を除去して１９日、２１日と2回ガス抜きをした。
無処理区も同様に７月１２日〜１９日まで黒ポリエチレンフィルムで被覆した。
(Test A)
The applied sample of this agent is coated with a black polyethylene film from July 12 to 21, and after the coating is removed, the applied sample of this agent is uniformly sprayed over the entire test area at a rate of 100 kg / 10a to a depth of 10 Stir and mix to ~ 20 cm.
The control chemical agrochemical / basamide fine granule was sprayed uniformly on July 12 at 20 kg / 10a, mixed well with soil to a depth of 15-20 cm, and covered with black polyethylene film until July 19. The coating was removed and degassed twice on the 19th and 21st.
The untreated section was similarly covered with a black polyethylene film from July 12 to 19.
（試験Ｂ）
試験Ａと同様の処理量・方法で処理した。
本剤を応用したサンプルは８月２９日に処理し、化学農薬・バスアミド微粒剤は８月１７日〜２４日まで被覆処理した後、２回ガス抜きした。
無処理区も同様に８月１７日〜２４日まで被覆した。
（調査月日・方法）
発病調査はホウレンソウの収穫時に根の導管褐変（発病）の有無を調査し、防除効果の判定を行った。
薬害については随時肉眼調査した。第１回試験は８月１７日に、第２回試験は１０月１１日に行った。
（試験成績）
(Test B)
The same treatment amount and method as in Test A were used.
The sample to which this agent was applied was treated on August 29, and the chemical pesticide / basamide fine granule was coated from August 17 to 24, and then degassed twice.
The untreated area was similarly coated from August 17 to 24.
(Survey date / method)
In the disease survey, the presence or absence of root conduit browning (disease) at the time of harvesting spinach was investigated to determine the control effect.
Macroscopic investigations were conducted at any time for drug damage. The first test was conducted on August 17, and the second test was conducted on October 11.
(Examination results)
（試験経過及び検定状況）
本圃場はホウレンソウ連作圃場であり、初期には苗立ち枯れ（株腐病菌との混発）が多くなり、ホウレンソウ萎凋病が多発する悪条件下での試験であった。そこで、萎凋病の発病調査は収穫株の導管褐変の有無で行った。
(Test progress and certification status)
This field was a spinach continuous cropping field, and it was a test under bad conditions where seedling wilt (mixed with rot fungus) increased at an early stage, and spinach wilt frequently occurred. Therefore, the investigation of the onset of wilt disease was carried out based on the presence or absence of conduit browning in the harvested strain.
（結果）
本試験の結果を表８に示している。これから分かるように、本剤応用サンプルは化学農薬・バスアミドに比較して、ホウレンソウ萎凋病に対する防除効果は劣ったが、無処理区に比較して約６０％の発病率に抑えており、生物的な防除剤としてはかなりの抑制効果があると言える。又、本剤応用サンプルによる薬害は認められなかった。
本来、化学農薬はその毒性の強さで病原菌を殺す力は強いが、それがかえって他の有効な生物までも殺しかねず、これが環境破壊、生態系の破壊を招いている。また、化学農薬は病原菌が変性して抵抗性をもつことが多く、数年でその効果がなくなる場合も少なくない。
(result)
The results of this test are shown in Table 8. As can be seen from this, this drug application sample was inferior in controlling effect against spinach wilt disease compared to chemical pesticides and basamides, but it was suppressed to about 60% disease incidence compared to the untreated area, It can be said that there is a considerable inhibitory effect as a good control agent. In addition, no phytotoxicity was observed in the sample applied with this drug.
Originally, chemical pesticides are strong in killing pathogens due to their strong toxicity, but they can also kill other effective organisms, leading to environmental destruction and ecosystem destruction. In addition, chemical pesticides are often resistant to pathogens by denaturing them, and in many cases their effects disappear in a few years.
一方、本剤応用サンプルは自然界にごく普通に存在する人畜無害な微生物、バチルス・チューリンジェンシス（Bacillus thuringiensis）B1020株（受託番号 ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−２０７７０）を使用しており、病原菌に対する毒性は化学農薬ほどでないにしても、徐々に徐々に防除効果を浸透させていくもので、長期的に繰り返し使用することで、環境を破壊することなく、また、生態系になんらの影響を与えることもなく、病害を低減することができる。また、本剤のような生物的防除剤は病原菌が抵抗性を持つことが少なく、効果が長期的に有効性を発揮することが多い。本剤はまさにその典型的薬剤と言える。 On the other hand, this drug application sample uses Bacillus thuringiensis B1020 strain (Accession No. FERM P-20770) that is harmless to humans and is normally present in nature. Even if not so, it will gradually infiltrate the control effect, and repeated use over a long period of time will not destroy the environment and will not have any impact on the ecosystem, Diseases can be reduced. In addition, biological control agents such as this agent are rarely resistant to pathogenic bacteria, and the effects are often effective over the long term. This drug is just the typical drug.
本発明のホウレンソウ萎凋病抑制剤は、ホウレンソウ萎凋病の抑制のほかに、他の多くの抗菌性微生物や、植物の生育に有効な他の多くの有効微生物を添加することにより植物の総合的な生育剤として活用できる。 The spinach wilt disease suppressant of the present invention, in addition to the suppression of spinach wilt disease, adds many other antibacterial microorganisms and many other effective microorganisms effective for plant growth to add a comprehensive synthetic plant. Can be used as a growth agent.
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| CN115500194B (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2024-04-16 | 湖南省农业环境生态研究所 | Method for preventing lily wilt by utilizing interaction of earthworms and bacillus bailii YFB3-1 |
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