JP2007245131A - Chemical aeration cleaning system for filter tank - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a full automatic filtering device which has an agitating aeration cleaning function due to a sterilizer and a sterilizing and back washing function due to fine air for effectively removing slime, such as biofilms, and SS in a filter tank in various types of water treatment of a warm bath facility, an aquarium, etc. <P>SOLUTION: A chemical cleaning mode is installed at a rotation stop position (a limit position) of an automatic five-way valve to facilitate the auto-injection of the sterilizer. Pressure air of a compressor and a two liquids-mixing nozzle are used to enable aeration cleaning where air containing the sterilizer is fed from the tank bottom. An air injection nozzle for back washing is used to enable sterilizing back washing where sterilization and back washing using high concentration chlorine, povidone iodine etc. are carried out at the same time. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method of performing chemical cleaning of a filtration tank simultaneously with aeration with fine bubbles in various water treatment facilities and aeration backwash cleaning technology.

The conventional washing method for conventional filtration devices is backwashing and washing with circulating water using a filtration pump. Filtration is a downward flow, while backwashing is an upflow, such as sand. It is intended to discharge the filter medium dirt upward.
An anomalous technique is to use a blower to lift all layers up and backwash when cleaning ceramic or polymer filter media, but it is not possible to wash sufficiently due to the tube pressure of the backwash water drain pipe. Many.

As a recent technology, a compressor is used for cleaning a filtration tank, and aeration cleaning is performed by sending compressed air, but this is limited to the case of using a detergent limited to strong alkaline electrolyzed water and chlorine dioxide. It has been. Moreover, it is a system that injects pressurized air as it is, and is premised on aeration of only air in the tank, and it is difficult to use aeration together with large bubbles during backwashing.
Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-28663, Filtration device with biofilm / amoeba removal device (Applicant, Yamato Co., Ltd., First Water Co., Ltd., two companies jointly) Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-132498, Filtering Cleaning Method and Cleaning System (Applicant, Yamato Co., Ltd.)

The backwashing method using a conventional filtration pump cannot sufficiently clean the inside. Various foreign substances such as slime and organic matter are left behind in the slow-flow filtration tank, and a large amount of biofilm, amoeba, and bacteria are propagated. Although it is possible to remove organisms such as these biofilms by the methods of Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, it is expensive and the system becomes complicated and difficult to employ in many facilities.
The present invention enables regular cleaning by utilizing the interaction between familiar and inexpensive sodium hypochlorite or povidone iodine (gargle) and aeration by fine bubbles.

First, we investigated how much biofilm and amoeba exist in the filtration tank of a general hot bath facility.
The speculum test results shown in Table 1 are the results of the Amoeba speculum test that was conducted after aeration in the filtration tank of A Health Land 3 years after construction. The tank was cleaned with hydrogen peroxide one year before the inspection. The speculum test results in Table 2 are the results of the amoeba speculum test after aeration in the pool filtration tank of a famous sports club 7 years after construction. In any case, almost no amoeba is detected in the water passing through the filtration tank.

There are 13.6 million amoeba and 40.14 million cysts in the men's outdoor tank.
There are 14.58 million amoeba and 22.68 million cysts in the girls' outdoor tank.
There are 4.18 million amoeba and 10.68 million cysts in the men's sleeping bath tank.
There are 58.87 million amoeba and 25.81 million cysts in the girls' sleeping bath tank.
Thus, it can be seen that a large amount of amoeba and amoeba cysts live in the filter for bath.

風呂用であってもプール用であっても、このように濾過装置内には多量のアメーバとアメーバ・シストが生息している。いずれもタイマーなどで定期的に逆洗は実施されている。調査をした風呂施設は、毎日逆洗し、週に１回高濃度の塩素（１０ｐｐｍ）で循環殺菌していた。プール水や浴槽水にはアメーバは殆ど計測されないのに、曝気しただけで濾過タンク内にこれだけのアメーバが確認できるという事は、現在の高濃度塩素殺菌や逆洗浄方法だけでは不充分であるという事である。
最近では厚生労働省の指導で、「一週間に一回以上、ろ過器内に付着する生物膜等を逆洗浄等で物理的に十分排出すること。併せて、ろ過器及び浴槽水が循環している配管内に付着する生物膜等を適切な消毒方法で除去すること。」となっている。（厚生労働省告示第二百六十四号、健発第０２１４００４号）
これまでは、濾過装置内がこれほど汚染されている事すら衆知の事実ではなく、従来型の逆洗方式でクリーニングが可能であるものと思われていた。
しかしながらこのように、どの温浴施設の濾過タンクであっても、例外なく大量のアメーバとアメーバシストそして生物膜が計測される。従って、これらのアメーバや生物膜などを日常的に除去するための新しく汎用的な逆洗浄機能、そして汎用的で安全な薬品（次亜塩素酸ソーダ等）による化学的殺菌機能を備えた濾過装置が求められている。

In this way, a large amount of amoeba and amoeba cysts inhabit the filter device, whether for bath or for pool. Both are regularly backwashed with a timer. The bath facilities examined were backwashed daily and circulated and sterilized with high-concentration chlorine (10 ppm) once a week. Although the amoeba is hardly measured in pool water and bath water, it is said that the current high-concentration chlorine sterilization and back-cleaning methods are not enough that only aeration can be confirmed in the filtration tank by aeration. It is a thing.
Recently, under the guidance of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, “physical membranes adhering to the filter must be physically drained by reverse cleaning etc. at least once a week. Remove the biofilm, etc. adhering to the existing pipes with an appropriate disinfection method. " (Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare Notification No. 264, Healthy Development No. 0212004)
Until now, it was not a fact of common knowledge that the inside of the filtration device was so contaminated, and it was thought that cleaning could be performed by a conventional backwashing method.
In this way, however, a large amount of amoeba, amoeba cysts, and biofilms are measured without exception in any hot water facility filtration tank. Therefore, a filtration device equipped with a new general-purpose back-cleaning function for daily removal of these amoeba and biofilm, and a chemical sterilization function with general-purpose and safe chemicals (such as sodium hypochlorite). Is required.

  In the present invention, a series of processes for injecting chemicals and air into a filtration tank and chemically sterilizing and cleaning the inside of the tank can be performed fully automatically. In order to clean the tank automatically without opening the tank lid, keeping the water in the tub or pool intact, the circulation line and the filtration tank must be separated, and the chemicals injected into the tank must not enter the circulation line. If the tank is sealed, chemicals cannot be injected, so the top must be opened. In the normal fully automatic process using an automatic five-way valve, the ball in the five-way valve can be stopped at the angle where the limit switch is attached, and a new position (rotation angle) is created and stopped. Inject chemicals. Circulating water from the circulation system connected to the bathtub passes directly through the five-way valve without going through the tank. The one connected to the tapping which is the connection port under the tank is fully closed, and only the tapping at the upper part of the tank is opened to the backwash side when viewed from the tank, and serves as an air outlet for draining and injecting chemicals. In the case of a five-way valve having a right filtration direction, this step can be performed by stopping at a position rotated 45 degrees to the right when viewed from the front. In the left-side filtration five-way valve, the valve is rotated 45 degrees to the left. (Hereinafter referred to as the chemical washing position.) Although it is directly sent even at a position rotated 90 degrees to the right by right filtration, since the lower part of the tank opens to the backwash side, chemicals cannot be injected from the lower part. This is because if the chemical is injected as it is, it will flow into the drainage system. Moreover, it is not necessary to open and close automatically or manually by installing motorized valves at the inlet and outlet of the tank only by this position that has not been used so far, and the chemicals injected into the tank do not enter the circulation system. Circulating water is insulated from the tank, and the upper part of the tank is open to the drainage system.

Means for automatically injecting chemicals are as follows. Stop the filtration pump and stop the five-way valve at the previous washing position. It is possible to inject chemicals from the bottom of the tank without draining the tank. After or during the injection of chemicals, fine compressed air is injected from the bottom of the tank for a certain period of time using a compressor and injection device, and the inside is cleaned by aeration and agitation.
For chemicals that need to be neutralized, after a sufficient contact time, inject a neutralizing agent (in the case of chlorine, sodium thiosulfate) in the same manner, and then move on to normal backwashing and washing steps. Rinse shall be performed.

  In the case where the five-way valve is not used, the case where the electric two-way valve is used five times, or the case where the electric two-way valve is used manually and semi-automated, the chemical washing process is performed with the same purpose.

Even when fine pressure air is mixed during backwashing, the biofilm and various slimes that are not normally possible can be peeled off due to the aeration effect. The experimental examples in Tables 1 and 2 were performed with the tank lid opened, and pressure air from a compressor of 1.0 to 1.5 kgf / cm 2 was used for aeration. Regardless of the size of the tank, it is difficult to control manually or automatically because the filtration layer collapses if too much air is added.
During backwashing, back pressure is applied to the suction side of the pump. For example, even when the drainage side of the tank is open or low pressure, the filter medium often flows out. Even under normal installation conditions, the uppermost filter medium (0.6 mm for baths and 0.45 mm for pools) originally fluidizes during backwashing, so air is mixed during backwashing In particular, attention must be paid to the outflow of the filter medium. When air is supplied with a compressor or blower, the laminated filter media are easily turned over.
In the present invention, when the tank is washed by aeration cleaning only with the air of the compressor, the necessary amount (air volume) when mixing air at the time of backwashing is calculated in advance, and by attaching an injection nozzle of the determined diameter, It prevents the filter medium from flowing out due to incorrect operation or accident. Also, since fine bubbles are slow to rise, using fine bubbles with fine air bubbles in combination with a fine bubble generator such as a jet nozzle or ejector will slow down the surface flow velocity during backwashing. By using a nozzle with a diameter calculated in advance at the tip, it was possible to determine the air and backwash water amount at an appropriate flow rate, and to make the filtration layer difficult to collapse.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
First, a means for injecting chemicals into the filtration tank when only the inside of the filtration tank is to be sterilized and washed can be realized by adding a new limit switch and control circuit to a general automatic five-way valve. Normally, 360 degrees of rotation, filtration, backwashing, and washing stop positions are determined by the limit switch attached to the rotating shaft, but just adding one more, ideal injection state Can be made. This static position that has not been used until now has been described as a chemical washing position. In this state, injecting chemicals does not mix with the circulatory system. Since is open, the greatest merit is that chemicals can be injected only into the tank without draining the circulating water remaining in the tank. When chemicals are injected from the bottom of the tank with a stock solution so that the concentration corresponds to the amount of water in the tank, the supernatant remaining in the tank is drained by the amount injected. Then, aeration stirring is started and stirring is performed so that the whole becomes an appropriate concentration.

  The method of disinfecting the filtration tank with high-concentration chlorine is also recommended by health centers. As a method, first, the water level of the bathtub is set to the last water amount that can be circulated to about one third, and necessary sodium hypochlorite is generally put into the bathtub, mixed and circulated. Certainly, the effectiveness of chlorine sterilization is evident from the fact that a large number of amoeba cysts inactivated by chlorine were found in the previous amoeba microscopic test results, much more hygiene than not Is. However, at this level of chlorine, it only acts on the surface of the scab (scab), and as a result of microscopic examination, it does not deal with a large group of microorganism bodies cultured inside. The concentration of high-concentration chlorination recommended by health centers is about 5 to 10 ppm. At this concentration, the organic matter cannot be dissolved, but if the concentration is higher than this, the amount of chlorine put into the circulating water including the bath becomes enormous, which makes dealing with chlorine odor and neutralization and cleaning very troublesome. It is to become.

In constructing this patent system, high-concentration sodium hypochlorite and air for aeration are injected simultaneously from the lower part of the filtration tank, while aspirating and destroying slime and biofilm attached to the filter material inside the tank. A system that simultaneously performs aeration and chlorination (chlorine disinfection), which makes it possible to immediately sterilize microorganisms inside the exposed scab with a high concentration of chlorine, is the best. Furthermore, when physically stirred by the rising water stream of air, biofilms and microorganisms treated with high-concentration chlorine are floated with air and floated on the surface. At this time, the finer the bubbles of air to be injected, the more the aeration action is performed to every corner of the filter medium, and the more internal dirt floats on the surface layer. This is a system that automatically discharges this out of the tank through normal backwashing and cleaning processes.
At this time, as the chlorine to be injected first, a 12% solution (12,000 ppm) undiluted solution or an ultra-high concentration close thereto is injected and diluted with aeration with water accumulated in the inside, in particular, biofilm. Since this ultra-high concentration of chlorine first acts on the bottom of the tank where a large amount of gas is generated, it is possible to expect a biofilm dissolution effect and a high level of sterilization effect by chlorine.
This patent system is designed to sterilize and clean the inside of the tank independently, focusing on the fact that most of the dirt is concentrated inside the filtration tank. Therefore, other circulation paths such as pipes may be continued with high concentration chlorine sterilization circulation manually as before. At this time, the filtration tank can be set to the direct feed mode at the chemical washing position, and consideration can be given so that dirt such as other piping does not adhere to the filtration material of the filtration tank.

Next, a description will be given of a system that allows air to be sterilized at the same time as raising backwashing efficiency by introducing air during backwashing.
Easily performing aeration in parallel with backwashing causes collapse and outflow of the laminated filter media, and has an adverse effect. The injection device of the present invention has been devised after studying how much air should be injected and obtaining a certain result. Therefore, fine adjustment is of course necessary, but if a dedicated injection device corresponding to the tank diameter is connected, even if backwashing is performed while aeration is performed, the filter medium will not be accidentally turned over. Yes.

  Since there is almost no book about the backwashing mechanism of the sand filtration device, the contents of research are added. Elucidation of this mechanism is indispensable for system construction.

In the filtration tank, sand filter media laminated in 8 to 9 layers are generally packed. The lower part is called support material, and gravel of about 10-20mm is laid, and the particle size becomes finer as you go to the upper part. The particle size of the uppermost sand is about 0.6mm for bath and about 0.45mm for pool Is adopted. It is said that the top sand should be about 300 mm or more.
When the filtration pump is stopped, water remains in the tank, and sand is sinking because it has a higher specific gravity than water. The bulk specific gravity of sand is about 1.2 to 1.5, but the density of sand alone without surrounding air is about 2.65 to 2.8, which is sufficiently heavier than water. In general, the smaller the sand, the slower it will sink into the water.
Using the program software of Prof. Ito of Niigata University's Faculty of Engineering, the sedimentation velocity (terminal velocity) of spherical sand in water is verified as follows.
The setting conditions are as follows.
1) Water density: 1,000 kg / m3
2) Density of sand (limestone): 2,650 kg / m3
3) Air density: 1.2 kg / m3
4) Water viscosity coefficient (Pa · S): 0.001
5) Air viscosity coefficient (Pa · S): 0.000018 (20 ° C)

表３より、直径０．６ｍｍの砂は秒速９．６ｃｍのスピードで落下し、直径２ｍｍの砂は秒速２７．５ｃｍのスピードで落下することが分かる。
また、同様にしてエアーが水中を上昇するスピードを検証した結果が、表４である

From Table 3, it can be seen that sand having a diameter of 0.6 mm falls at a speed of 9.6 cm / second, and sand having a diameter of 2 mm falls at a speed of 27.5 cm / second.
Similarly, Table 4 shows the results of verifying the speed at which air rises in water.

気泡が水中で上昇するスピードは、早い。表４より直径２．０ｍｍの気泡は秒速２０．５ｃｍ、直径３ｍｍの気泡は秒速２７．６ｃｍのスピードで上昇することが分かる。
コンプレッサーで、無作為にエアーをタンクに注入したときのエアーの口径は、概ね２〜３ｍｍ程度であるから、秒速０．６ｍｍ砂の沈降速度９．６ｃｍをはるかに超えている。
したがって、エアーをタンク下部から投入するとき、気泡の粒度は細かいほど流速が遅く、気泡の粒度が大きいほど早い流速となる。

The speed at which bubbles rise in water is fast. Table 4 shows that bubbles with a diameter of 2.0 mm rise at a speed of 20.5 cm / second, and bubbles with a diameter of 3 mm rise at a speed of 27.6 cm / second.
When the air is randomly injected into the tank by the compressor, the diameter of the air is about 2 to 3 mm, which is much higher than the sedimentation speed of 0.6 mm / second sand.
Therefore, when air is introduced from the lower part of the tank, the smaller the bubble particle size, the slower the flow rate, and the larger the bubble particle size, the faster the flow rate.

  When the case of the normal backwash water flow is verified, the average filtration flow rate (Lv) in the tank is 35 m / h, and when the backwash flow rate is 40 m / h, the gap between the sand filter media is Is 5.16% in the cross section (calculated by calculating the gap between closely contacting circles), that is, the space through which the water flow passes is about 19.4, so the top 0.6 mm The speed of passing through the sand gap is 19.4 times, and 40 m / h × 19.4 = 776 m / h. Since the sedimentation speed of the 0.6 mm sand was 346.70 m / h, the sand is lifted and fluidized until the gap flow velocity and the sand sedimentation speed are balanced.

Actually, sand is not spherical, but is randomly crushed and sieved. As a result of a verification test using a model machine, the actual gap of 0.6 mm is about 10%, which is about double. it was thought. The flow velocity of the gap is 10 times the average surface flow velocity of 40 m / h, and becomes 40 m / h × 10 = 400 m / h, and expands by 400 ÷ 346.7≈1.15, about 15%. In addition, since this water flow is not a perfect laminar flow at the top, some turbulence causes a phenomenon that the sand in the upper layer sometimes rises.
When the backwash flow rate is 45 m / h, the expansion is about 30% when the sand gap is 10%.
When 0.6 mm of sand was stacked 300 mm on the top, it was calculated to expand about 90 mm, and the actual measurement was about 100 mm.
Although this figure is off by 10 mm, the degree of expansion at the top and bottom is not constant, and the top is easy to expand, so there are some possible errors, and in addition, 1-2 mm of sand in the second layer also has an effect. Is receiving. Examining the effect of the second layer, the flow velocity of the gap is 450 m / h, which is 10 times the average surface flow velocity of 45 m / h, so it exceeds the settling speed of 411.84 m / h of 1 mm sand. Although it is going to expand 1.09 times, since 0.6 mm of sand is placed on it as a weight, it is difficult to expand. 1-2mm is piled up about 200mm, and if the amount of 1mm is half of that, about 9% of it is going to expand upward, so the result is that the top 0.6mm sand is always pushed up 9mm It becomes power. That is, 90 mm + 9 mm = 99 mm, which is a numerical value close to actual measurement.
It is a very important point that it can be inferred that the second layer is also affected by this effect, and this area seems to be the limit of expansion. If the flow velocity is faster than this, it can be said that there is a possibility of being mixed with the filter material underneath.
From this, it can be assumed that when the expansion of 0.6 mm exceeds the allowable range of about 30%, it is easily mixed with the lower filter medium.

  Thus, since fluidization of the upper filter medium is observed during normal backwashing, it is obvious that these mechanisms must be known when injecting air.

First, verify the air volume and pressure for aeration when the filtration pump is stopped, not when backwashing.
In the aeration tests shown in Tables 1 and 2, compressed air using a 1.5 kgf / cm 2 compressor was used. The specifications at this time are as follows.
1) Compressor average air volume: 30L / min (actual pressure adjustment with a regulator)
2) Compressor bubble size (assuming 3mm)
3) Inner diameter of filtration tank: 1,000φ (diameter 1,000 mm)
4) Flow rate when the backwash flow rate is 45 m / h: 35.3 m 3 / h (588 L / min)

The rising speed of bubbles having an average of 2 mm is 0.2054 m / S and 739.44 m / h from Table 4.
The air injection rate is 30 ÷ 588 ≒ 0.051, approximately 5.1% with respect to the assumed flow rate at 45 m, so the average flow velocity when aerated only with the compressor air is 739.44 m. /H×5.1%≈37.71 m / h. The backwashing assumed flow velocity was within 45 m, and although there was some turbulent flow in the actual measurement, no collapse of the filter medium was observed.

  Therefore, any tank can be aerated if the air volume is determined by the cross-sectional area of the filtration tank. For reference, the amount of air to be injected was calculated for a general FRP filtration tank.

Based on these verification results, the best method for injecting air during backwashing will be verified.
The support layer in the filtration device functions to disperse the water flow, and when air is mixed from the lower part, the laminated gravel and sand in the lower part play the role of the diffuser.
When air is injected with a normal compressor, the particle size is about 1 to 3 mm, but in order to prevent the sand layer of the uppermost 0.6 mm from flowing out at all, the bubble particle size is at least 0.6 mm as well. Must be: This is because the air rising speed does not exceed the sand falling speed. And as the particle size of the air is smaller, the ascending speed becomes slower and the possibility that the filter medium will collapse becomes lower. In the case of aeration with only air, it was calculated that an average of 2 mm of air was generated and a uniform upward flow was generated. However, when air is mixed with backwash water, the expansion and outflow of the filter medium become serious. Unlike the case of air alone, the filter media must be swelled with average air using as little air as possible.
In addition, since the general backwash water line speed (Lv. Speed at which water passes through the tank cross section: unit m / h) is about 45 m, the backwash average water line in consideration of the amount of mixed air. The speed must be calculated.
Since (filtering line speed due to water flow + air rising average speed) is applied to the filter medium, the air injection volume during aeration is considered to be distributed in the cross-sectional area of the tank on average. The amount of injection depends on it.

The amount of injection when air with a diameter of 1 mm is mixed in backwashing is, for example, when the normal backwashing water amount is 40 m / h, and when other air is to be covered with air, the required air ratio is A% ( 411.84 × A% / 100) + 40 ≦ 45. From Table 4, the speed at which 1 mm bubbles rise in water is 411.84 m / h, 11.4 cm per second.
When the calculation formula is solved, 5 ÷ 411.84≈0.012, and only 1.2% can be mixed with air. A guideline of the amount of air injected into a 1000φ filtration tank treated at 35 m3 / h is 588.75 l / min × 0.012≈7.06 l / min.
Similarly, when the amount of backwash water is suppressed to 35 m / h, the amount of air that can be injected simultaneously is 10 ÷ 411.84≈0.0243, 2.43%, and 588.75 l / min × 0.0243≈14 3 l / min. If the particle size of the air is different, the conditions will change. However, if the amount of backwash water adjusted appropriately is left as it is, air cannot be injected.

  Moreover, the filter material of the filtration tank for pools is 0.45 mm, and a standard water transmission line speed is 30-35 m / h, but the idea is the same. From Table 3, since the sedimentation speed of 0.45 mm sand is 252.36 m / h and the speed per second is 7.01 cm, it is about 72.8% compared with 0.6 mm (346.70 m / h). Since the standard water passage speed ratio is 30:40, which is about 75%, the mixing ratio of air with respect to the processing capacity is hardly changed.

If the bubble particle size used for aeration is about 0.1 mm or less using a jet nozzle or ejector, the bubble rise speed will be 17.5 m / h from Table 4; 4.2%, which is possible without reducing the amount of backwash water when air is mixed.
Although chemicals such as sodium hypochlorite are mixed in the aerated air, it is a solution having a higher viscosity than water, so it may be ignored in the calculation of air mixing.

Next, since sodium hypochlorite may not be used as a disinfectant, it is necessary to consider alternative chemicals.
The following conditions can be considered as conditions under which sodium hypochlorite cannot be used as a disinfectant.
1) In the case of hot springs and alkaline springs When entering the category of alkaline springs (pH 8.5 or higher), 90% or more of chlorine dissociates into hypochlorite ions, and the bactericidal effect is reduced to about 1/80. For.
2) When targeting pathogenic microorganisms resistant to chlorine The chlorine-resistant bacteria include Cryptosporidium protozoa, Giardia protozoa, chlorine-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, chlorine-resistant Escherichia coli, and chlorine-resistant amoeba. Cryptosporidium has recently been found in pool water as well as well water, and Giardia is often found in seawater and salty hot springs.

When sodium hypochlorite cannot be used, povidone iodine is used as a tank cleaner. Iodine is effective for sterilization of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, fungi, viruses, Cryptosporidium, etc., and povidone iodine is a water-soluble complex in which iodine is bound to the carrier polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Is the body.
In addition to these bactericidal effects, attention was paid to the fact that polyvinylpyrrolidone as a carrier is a nonionic surfactant, which foams when aerated and promotes a physical cleaning effect. Povidone iodine is a so-called “gargle”, and its effects are easily known. However, a bactericidal action and a foaming action occur simultaneously with aeration to produce a synergistic effect. If there is a foaming effect, foreign matter such as a biofilm in the tank can be peeled off and floated.
As shown in Table 7, since povidone iodine has the property of reducing free iodine even when it is thick or thin, the dilution rate of povidone iodine with 1% effective iodine is determined in the range of 100 to 1000 times depending on the purpose. .

Next, the mechanism and device for adjusting the air amount of the compressor will be described in detail.
Although the mechanism for determining the amount of air to be injected in accordance with the size of the filtration tank has been described above, if the compressed air of the compressor enters too much, it will cause mixing and collapse of the filter medium. For this purpose, an aperture that maximizes the required air volume is calculated in advance, and the narrowest nozzle portion of the injection portion is processed into the aperture, thereby preventing accidents caused by erroneous operations. The standard air inlet diameter is determined for each tank.

  The increase in the water transmission line speed (Lv.) Due to air mixing during backwashing is almost negligible. Since air is mixed at a high pressure into the same piping as in normal backwashing, backwashing water is less likely to flow as much as air is forced. Moreover, since the standard of the injection | pouring ratio of the air at the time of backwashing is the range of 1.2 to 2.4% as above-mentioned, it is that there is no big difference in both sides.

The compressed air of the compressor often has an excessive air flow, especially at the start-up. There are many compressors that automatically stop at 5 to 7 kgf / cm 2, and the air flows more than usual while the air in the pressure tank is covered.
Therefore, a regulator (pressure regulator) is used at the outlet, or a type that can adjust the outlet pressure in the apparatus is selected.
The compressor pressure and the required air volume orifice diameter can be determined by the following formula.
The calculation formula and setting conditions are as shown in Table 8.

コンプレッサーの圧力を１．５ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ^２と２．０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ^２の２パターンで検証した。
計算結果は、表９の通りである。

The compressor pressure was verified with two patterns of 1.5 kgf / cm ² and 2.0 kgf / cm ² .
The calculation results are as shown in Table 9.

The injection nozzle is determined based on the air injection amount described above and Table 9.
Although there are various usage conditions, if these nozzles with 15 different hole diameters are prepared, it is possible to cope with a filtration tank of 400φ to 2200φ.

  FIG. 1 shows a general bathtub filtration system flow. 12 is a filtration tank in the filtration device of the bathtub 11. The electric five-way valve 13 that is a switching valve is assembled to the upper tapping of the filtration tank 12. A bypass is provided in the pipe 5 connecting the electric five-way valve and the lower tapping of the filtration tank 12, and the air injected into the ejector 6 is connected via the air chemical mixing device 7. 7 is connected to a high-concentration sodium hypochlorite (or povidone iodine) injection device, and the mist-like chemical is mixed into the air produced by the 9 compressor and backwashed through the ejector. It can be mixed in water.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the air connection portion. As in claim 1, in FIG. 2, when the electric five-way valve 2 is in the medicine washing mode, the lower tapping side of the five-way valve, that is, 3 is closed. Since the upper part is closed by a five-way valve, the chemical solution mist air made by 5, 6 and 7 enters the 1 filtration tank from the tapping at the lower part of the filtration tank via 4 ejectors. A holed orifice plate 10 for controlling the air amount set in Table 9 is included in the connector 9 of the air connection port to be injected into the air chemical mixing device 5 and can be exchanged according to type.
FIG. 3 is a drawing showing the flow of this medicine washing mode. In FIG. 3, the circulating water path is directly sent from the path C to D indicated by the black arrow and does not enter the tank side. According to a second aspect of the present invention, chemical mist air injected from the ejector 5 enters the tank from the bottom as indicated by the dotted line arrow, and performs aeration in the tank. At this time, the backwash drainage side of A is open.
FIG. 4 shows a flow when air mixed with chemicals is injected during backwashing. According to the third aspect of the present invention, after the five-way valve is turned to the back washing position, the pump is operated and the back washing can be performed while mixing the chemical mist air. When the reverse cleaning is completed, the five-way valve automatically returns to the filtration operation state and becomes a normal operation.
FIG. 5 shows the flow during the filtration operation. In FIG. 5, the circulating water enters the upper part of the tank via a single automatic five-way valve as indicated by a black arrow from C, and the water that has been filtered and exits from the bottom again passes through the five-way valve. Go to the filtered water outlet. At this time, the two-way path is open in the five-way valve and does not intersect.
FIG. 6 shows a 5-way valve internal ball drawing in which the filtered water outlet is in the left direction for the chemical washing position of claim 1. The ball stops when the limit switch is activated at each of the positions 5, 6, 7 and 8. Reference numeral 8 denotes a medicine washing position, which is a new stop position.
FIG. 7 shows a flow path explanatory diagram of a five-way valve whose filtrate outlet is in the left direction at the chemical washing position of claim 1. In addition to the filtration step of A, the backwashing step of B, and the washing step of C, D is a flow chart of the chemical washing (chemical injection washing) step. D is the position where the A position is turned 45 degrees counterclockwise.

The invention's effect

The effects of the present invention are broadly divided into the following five points.
B) It is now possible to automatically inject chemicals and air into the filtration tank at a new stop position of the automatic five-way valve.
B) In order to remove the biofilm and slime in the filtration tank, a chemical effect such as sodium hypochlorite and fine air were mixed at the same time to create a synergistic effect of sterilization and aeration.
C) By clarifying the fluidization phenomenon of the filter media and controlling the flow rate of water and air, it was possible to inject fine air during backwashing and complete backwashing inside the filtration tank.
D) In the filtration tank sterilization technology, when sodium hypochlorite cannot be used, by using povidone iodine solution, in addition to the synergistic effect of aeration and sterilization, foaming effect can be obtained and more effective cleaning is possible It became.

B) When chemicals are injected into a normal tank, they are mixed into the front and rear piping. By simply changing the stop position of a commonly used automatic five-way valve without providing valves or the like before and after, the circulation path is sent directly, and even if chemicals are injected into the tank, it does not enter the circulation piping.

B) By carrying out aeration with air at the same time as high concentration chlorine sterilization, a synergistic effect of physical exfoliation effect and improvement of chemical sterilization ability was created.

C) When backwashing the inside of the filtration tank, if air is mixed into the dark clouds, the filter medium will flow out and the structure of the filter medium will be destroyed. We elucidated the mechanism of air mixing without breaking the filter media, and constructed an air aeration system that restricted the amount of air with a special orifice.

D) By using a povidone-iodine solution that is harmless to the human body and sterilizes water quality that does not work with chlorine, foaming is achieved by the action of the nonionic surfactant that is the carrier, and aeration and flotation treatment are supported, and aeration It promoted the liberation of iodine by the action of, and produced a synergistic effect that also improved the bactericidal effect.

  In embodiment of this invention, it is the filtration system flow of the apparatus which inject | pours air and a chemical | medical agent, and a bathtub.

Explanation of symbols

1. Hair catch 2. 2. filtration pump 3. Backwash drain pipe 4. Backwash drain valve 5. Five-way valve-lower tapping piping Ejector 7. 7. Air chemical mixing device Air inlet 9 Compressor 10. Chemical injection device 11. Bathtub 12. Filtration tank 13. Electric five-way valve14. Drug inlet 15. 15. Sodium hypochlorite or povidone iodine injection device Heat exchanger

FIG.

  In embodiment of this invention, it is an enlarged view of a filtration tank periphery and an air connection part.

Explanation of symbols

1. 1. Filtration tank Electric five-way valve 3. 3. Lower tapping side connection port of electric five-way valve Ejector 5. 5. Air chemical mixing device 6. Sodium hypochlorite or povidone iodine injection device Compressor8. 8. Chemical solution inlet connector Air connection port connector 10. Orifice plate

FIG.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, it is a drawing around the filtration tank showing the flow of the chemical washing mode.

Explanation of symbols

1. Electric five-way valve 2. Sodium hypochlorite or povidone iodine injection device 3. Chemical solution injection connection port 4. Compressor Ejector A. Backwash drain B. Air flow path C.I. Circulating water inlet Circulating water outlet

FIG.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, it is a drawing around the filtration tank showing the flow of air injection performed simultaneously with backwashing.

Explanation of symbols

1. Electric five-way valve 2. Sodium hypochlorite or povidone iodine injection device 3. Chemical solution injection connection port 4. Compressor Ejector A. Backwash drain B. Air flow path C.I. Backwash water inlet Backwash water outlet

FIG.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, it is a drawing around the filtration tank showing the flow during the filtration operation.

Explanation of symbols

1. Electric five-way valve Filtrated water inlet D. Filtrated water outlet

FIG.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, a 5-way valve internal ball drawing in which the filtered water outlet is in the left direction is shown.

Explanation of symbols

1. Ball front view2. Ball plan view 3. 3. Ball back view 4. Ball cross-sectional view 5. Backwash limit switch 6. Filtration limit switch 7. Cleaning limit switch Medicine limit switch

FIG.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, the flow path explanatory drawing of the five-way valve with the filtrate outlet being leftward is shown.

Explanation of symbols

A. Filtration process (normal operation) flow chart B. Backwash process flow chart C. Cleaning (rinsing) process flow chart D.D. Flow chart of chemical washing process 1. filtration pump Five-way valve 3. Filter 4. Drain (drainage)
5). Pool / bath tank

Claims (10)

  This is a filtration device used for various water treatments in warm bath facilities, aquariums, etc., and in a general automatic five-way valve control system that switches between `` filtration '', `` backwashing '' and `` washing '', circulating water does not pass through the filtration tank In a special valve position (position rotated 45 degrees forward from filtration to backwashing direction) that shuts off the direct tank and closes the lower part of the filtration tank side and opens the backwashing drainage pipe side on the upper side of the tank. A limit switch (one that opens and closes an electric circuit via an actuator and a micro switch depending on the movement of the operating body) is provided to stop, and the stop position of one automatic five-way valve can be set without any other special valve operation. A system that makes it easy to automatically perform the process of injecting a sterilizing detergent just by operating.   In the method of removing biofilm and slime in the filtration tank, mist (mist) sodium hypochlorite (chlorine disinfectant) is mixed into the compressor pressure air using a two-component mixing nozzle, and the bottom of the filtration tank By press-fitting from the water collecting nozzle, the filter medium inside the tank is agitated and destroyed by aeration while destroying the slime and biofilm attached to the filter medium inside the tank. At the same time, the filter medium is contact sterilized with high-concentration chlorine. A device that has a synergistic effect with the combined use of aeration and chlorination.   At the time of backwashing the filtration tank, the pressure air containing mist of sodium hypochlorite (chlorine disinfectant) obtained by the two-component mixing nozzle of claim 2 is used, and the fine bubble nozzle for mixing two components of air and water is used. By connecting to the backwashing water inflow pipe connected through the nozzle, the nozzle with the pre-calculated diameter and the adjustment cock are arranged, and the backwashing three-liquid mixing nozzle with the adjusted air amount is made, and the chlorine disinfectant A system that sterilizes and removes microbubbles and ultrasonic waves while destroying a biofilm, and enables the aeration agitation backwashing and high-concentration chlorine sterilization of the filtration tank to be performed simultaneously during backwashing.   The system which combined any one of Claims 1-3.   The chemicals used in claims 2 and 3 described above are iodine sterilized for the purpose of sterilizing alkaline spring filtration devices and chlorine-resistant bacteria that cannot be expected to have the effect of sodium hypochlorite (chlorine disinfectant). The synergistic effect of promoting the physical cleaning effect by foaming the polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), a nonionic surfactant that is a carrier of iodophor, by simultaneously performing aeration and iodine contact sterilization instead of povidone iodine, which is a formulation. A chemical aeration cleaning system featuring an effect.   It is possible to perform aeration and contact sterilization at the same time by replacing the chemical used in claims 2 and 3 described above with hydrogen peroxide solution diluted to a safe concentration when trying to completely sterilize the filtration tank. Automatic and manual chemical aeration cleaning system.   Among the chemical sterilization methods described above, if a neutralization step is required, a neutralizing agent (in the case of chlorine, in the case of chlorine) is obtained from another inlet provided by the same method as in claim 2 after stirring and washing by aeration. Sodium thiosulfate solution) is injected, and the neutralization and washing steps are performed automatically while stirring.   In the backwashing process and the general filtration device described above, in order to mix fine air into the backwashing water, it is a system in which pressurized air is connected to the backwashing water inlet and jet nozzle or ejector and mixed. An aeration system comprising an injection nozzle for controlling a pre-calculated air amount so that the laminated filter media are lifted and not mixed.   Automatic backwashing that makes it possible to peel slime by backwashing the filtration tank with white air-mixed water obtained from the fine bubble generator in the backwashing process described above and general filtration equipment. An apparatus comprising a constant flow valve and a regulating valve for controlling a pre-calculated flow rate in the system.   Among the chemical disinfection methods described above, the disinfectant sodium hypochlorite or povidone iodine is injected simultaneously with aeration (aeration), so that sodium hypochlorite is "dissociation of hypochlorous acid". A system that promotes "release of chlorine gas" and, in the case of povidone iodine, promotes "release of iodine" from polyvinylpyrrolidone as a carrier, that is, increases the bactericidal effect.

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