WO2015136902A1

WO2015136902A1 - Water treatment device

Info

Publication number: WO2015136902A1
Application number: PCT/JP2015/001218
Authority: WO
Inventors: 加藤　務; 有希西田; 彩加伊佐地; 稲本　吉宏; 吉彦高山
Original assignee: パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
Priority date: 2014-03-14
Filing date: 2015-03-06
Publication date: 2015-09-17

Abstract

A water treatment device comprises an electric pump (3) for taking in and discharging water from a well or a water storage tank and a first filtering device (4) for removing a suspended matter component contained in the well water, and the first filtering device (4) is provided with a switching valve (6) that can selectively switch between filtration and backwashing. Moreover, a purified water channel (7) to supply purified water filtered by the first filtering device (4) and a waste water channel (8) to discharge waste water used to backwash the first filtering device (4) are connected via the switching valve (6). Furthermore, a second filtering device (5) comprises a fine filtering material (15) and a casing (16) and is provided with a flow rate regulating device (19) to make the flow rate in the waste water channel (8) lower than the flow rate in the purified water channel (7) during backwashing.

Description

Water treatment equipment

The present invention relates to a water treatment apparatus for small-scale facilities that purifies water by removing turbidity and suspended solids contained in well water, river water, rainwater, tap water, etc. (treated water). is there.

Conventionally, this type of water treatment apparatus is known to have a reverse cleaning function (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Hereinafter, the water treatment apparatus will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 9, the conventional water treatment apparatus 101 includes a filter 102, an on-off valve 103, a pressure switch 104, and a control circuit 105. And when the pressure switch 104 becomes below a predetermined pressure, the on-off valve 103 is automatically controlled to perform back washing. At this time, the on-off valve 103 returns to the original position again after a predetermined time has elapsed, and the reverse cleaning is automatically completed.

In addition, it is known that a fine turbid component is removed by passing through a hollow fiber membrane or the like after passing through a plurality of filters such as activated carbon (for example, see Patent Document 2).

However, in such a conventional water treatment apparatus, a relatively large turbid component of 1 micrometer or more is removed, and when a certain amount of turbid component is collected, clogging occurs, so back washing is performed. However, the pump flow rate could not be adjusted during backwashing.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-063513 JP-A-5-228470

In such a conventional water treatment apparatus, since the flow rate of the pump cannot be adjusted at the time of backwashing, there is a problem that the backwashing is insufficient when the pump flow rate at the time of backwashing is too large or too small.

Therefore, the present invention provides a water treatment apparatus that can be easily cleaned and sufficiently cleaned.

And this invention, the 1st filtration apparatus containing the sand for removing the turbidity component contained in the electric pump for attracting | sucking and discharging water from a well or a water tank, 1st A second filtration device communicating with the latter stage of the filtration device, and the first filtration device is provided with a switching valve capable of selectively switching between filtration and backwashing. Also, select either the purified water passage that supplies the purified water filtered by the first filtration device to the subsequent stage via the switching valve or the drainage passage that drains the waste water that was backwashed from the first filtration device outside the system. Connect. And the 2nd filtration apparatus is comprised with a precision filter medium and a casing, and is equipped with the flow volume adjustment apparatus which makes the flow volume which flows into a drainage channel at the time of backwashing smaller than the flow volume which flows into a water purification path at the time of filtration.

When the second filtration device is composed of a precision filter medium and casing, and the flow rate that flows through the drainage passage during backwashing is less than the flow rate that flows through the water purification passage during filtration, and the first filtration device is backwashed By properly setting the flow rate of the drainage passage, the effect of backwashing can be obtained with certainty.

Drawing 1 is a mimetic diagram showing the composition of the water treatment equipment in one embodiment. FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram showing the fouling of the first filtration device of the water treatment device in one embodiment and regeneration by back washing. FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the flow rate and pressure of the second filtration device of the water treatment device in one embodiment. Drawing 4 is a mimetic diagram showing the flow of the water of the 2nd filtration device of the water treatment equipment in one embodiment. FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the flow rate and pressure of the second filtration device when the depth of the well of the water treatment device in one embodiment is shallow. Drawing 6 is a mimetic diagram showing the flow of the water of the 2nd filtration device of the water treatment equipment in one embodiment. FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the flow rate and pressure of the second filtration device when the depth of the well of the water treatment device in one embodiment is deep. Drawing 8 is a mimetic diagram showing the flow of the water of the 2nd filtration device of the water treatment equipment in one embodiment. FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a conventional water treatment apparatus.

Hereinafter, a water treatment apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment)
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the water treatment device 1 includes an electric pump 3 connected to a pipe 2 connected to a well or a water tank, a first filtration device 4 connected immediately after, The second filtration device 5 communicates with the subsequent stage of the filtration device 4, and the first filtration device 4 includes a switching valve 6 that can selectively switch between filtration and backwashing. Moreover, the water purifying path 7 which supplies the purified water filtered by the 1st filtration apparatus 4 connected via the switching valve 6, and the drainage path 8 which discharges | emits the waste_water | drain which back-washed the 1st filtration apparatus 4 are provided. .

Each component is connected directly or via the pipe 2 and is not particularly limited. However, it is preferable to determine the connection method in consideration of the arrangement and operability of each component. Moreover, you may install members, such as a valve | bulb, a branch, and an elbow, in the middle of the piping 2 as needed.

The pipe 2 to be used may be any material and structure that can withstand the hydraulic pressure of the pump. However, from the viewpoint of durability and ease of processing, for example, a straight pipe using a vinyl chloride resin, a steel pipe, or a composite material thereof is used. Can be used. The nominal diameter is preferably large so that the loss head is low, for example, 15 mm to 50 mm and the thickness is preferably about 1 mm to 5 mm.

The electric pump 3 is a pump that is driven by an electric motor that sucks up and discharges groundwater from a well or a water tank. For example, centrifugal pumps such as spiral pumps, jet pumps, cascade pumps, axial pumps, diagonal flow pumps, and the like are used. is there. When used in ordinary households, the depth of the well should be about 10 to 20 meters for shallow wells and 20 to 30 meters or more for deep wells. In consideration, a pump having a head of 20 meters or more is preferable, and a centrifugal pump such as a spiral pump or a jet pump is more preferable.

In addition, the pump includes a non-automatic pump that operates with a power switch, or an automatic pump that includes a pressure tank and a pressure switch and operates automatically at a predetermined pressure or lower, and is a water treatment according to one embodiment of the present invention. Any pump can be used for the apparatus 1. The flow rate discharged from the electric pump 3 is, for example, about 5 liters to 50 liters per second, but preferably has a lift and flow rate characteristics that can obtain about 5 liters to 15 liters per second for general household use. .

The first filtration device 4 connected immediately after the electric pump 3 is a filtration device for removing relatively large turbid components of 10 micrometers or more, such as coarse particles, aggregates, and sand contained in raw water. In addition, since dirt easily accumulates, it is preferable to use a structure that can be cleaned and discharged out of the system and used repeatedly.

The first filtration device 4 includes a tank 10 that is a pressure vessel that can withstand the water pressure of the pump, a filter medium 11 that is used in the tank, and a filter medium 11 that is inserted into the filter medium 11 to treat treated water outside the first filtration device 4. And a discharge pipe 12 for discharging. Furthermore, it has a lower coarse particle filter 13 installed at the end of the outlet pipe 12 to prevent the filter medium from flowing out of the tank, and a tank inlet / outlet 14 at the upper part of the tank 10. When purifying the water, water is passed from above the filter medium 11 and the filtered purified water is discharged from below through the outlet pipe 12.

Since the tank 10 is installed near the outlet side of the electric pump 3, the pressure resistance is preferably more than the maximum output head of the electric pump 3, and the material is reinforced with metal, resin, or glass fiber. Resins are preferred.

The material of the tank 10 is not only in contact with water, but may be used outdoors where there is a well, so it is required to have sufficient water resistance and weather resistance, and the material, thickness, coating, etc. It can be realized by using the composite material.

The size of the tank 10 may be about 1.5 to 2.0 times the total amount of the filter medium 11 in consideration of backwashing, for example, 10 to 1000 liters. The shape of the tank 10 is preferably a cylindrical shape, a spherical shape, an elliptical spherical shape, or the like having high durability against pressure, but may be a rectangular container such as a rectangular parallelepiped or a cube as long as the thickness can be secured in consideration of ease of installation. .

The filter medium 11 put in the tank 10 is the most basic member for demonstrating the performance of the water treatment apparatus 1, and captures and removes coarse particles and aggregates of about 10 micrometers or more, and turbidity of groundwater. Its purpose is to reduce the degree and chromaticity. The filter medium 11 may be in the form of particles, fibers, beads, meshes, or non-woven fabrics, but is preferably in the form of particles from the viewpoints of removal performance, ease of washing, and durability.

The material of the filter medium 11 may be, for example, sand, anthracite, garnet, ceramics, granular activated carbon, iron oxyhydroxide, manganese sand, etc., having a hardness that is settled in water and hardly deformed by pressure. For example, the particle diameter may be 0.3 to 5.0 millimeters and the uniformity coefficient is 1.2 to 2.0.

In addition, the specific gravity of the filter medium 11 varies depending on the material, for example, about 2.5 grams per cubic centimeter to 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter for sand and 1.4 grams per cubic centimeter to 1.8 grams per cubic centimeter for anthracite. In the case of garnet, from 3.8 grams per cubic centimeter to 4.1 grams per cubic centimeter.

The multi-layer filtration method, which uses a mixture of multiple types of filter media, is a method of laminating particles of different sizes in the filter layer from the bottom in order from the bottom using the difference in specific gravity. In general, particles having a large size and a small size and particles having a small specific gravity and a large size are mixed to form a multilayer structure. Compared to the use of a single type of filter medium, it is preferable because it has a merit that the filtration efficiency per unit volume is high while the loss head is kept low.

For example, 0.3 mm of garnet, 0.6 mm of sand, and 1.0 mm of anthracite are mixed at a ratio of 2: 1: 1. It is desirable to adjust the mixing ratio and particle size according to the conditions.

The filling amount of the filter medium 11 is preferably determined in consideration of filtration performance, durability, loss head, and the like. When the number of filter media 11 is increased, the removal performance and the retention amount of turbidity increase, the interval until cleaning can be extended, and the frequency of cleaning can be reduced. On the other hand, since the loss head increases, there may be a problem that the flow rate decreases.

If the material is sand in the plurality of kinds of filter media 11, components of sand SiO ₂ is about 97%, _Al 2 _{O 3} about 1.8%, _{K 2} O is about 1%, Na ₂ O is By setting the content to about 0.2%, a change may occur depending on the type of fine turbid component, which may be easily removed by the second filtration device.

The outlet pipe 12 inserted into the filter medium 11 supplies water from above the first filtration device 4 and sends treated water that has permeated the filter medium 11 from below the filter medium 11 to the purified water passage 7 when water purification is performed. It is. Further, when the inside of the first filtration device 4 is washed (reverse washing), water is supplied from below the first filtration device 4 and sent out to the drainage passage 8 from above. Since the lead-out pipe 12 is such, it may be any pipe that has little head loss and is difficult to block. For example, a straight pipe having a diameter of 30 mm or more can be used. The material of the lead-out pipe 12 should be such that it does not corrode easily, and for example, resin, metal, etc. are preferable.

An upper coarse particle filter 18 is provided at the upper end portion of the outlet pipe 12 so that the particles of the filter medium 11 do not flow into the drainage passage 8. Further, a lower coarse particle filter 13 is provided at the lower end portion of the outlet pipe 12 so that particles of the filter medium 11 and accumulated dirt do not leak into the purified water passage 7. For this, a mesh shape, a slit shape, or the like having pores or gaps of 0.3 to 1 millimeter can be used. The material of the lower coarse particle filter 13 is preferably a metal such as stainless steel or a resin that is unlikely to corrode similarly to the outlet pipe 12. In addition, it is preferable to have a detachable structure for easy maintenance.

The water purified by the first filtration device 4 passes through the pipe of the outlet pipe 12 and is discharged from the tank inlet / outlet 14 at the end of the tank 10. The tank inlet / outlet 14 is easy to perform maintenance inside the tank 10 and keeps hermeticity. Therefore, the tank inlet / outlet 14 is preferably detachable. The structure is, for example, a screw type and is watertight with a packing such as an O-ring or rubber. It is preferable to keep the property.

By providing a second filtration device 5 for removing fine particles of several micrometers or less that have passed through the subsequent stage of the first filtration device 4, the purification performance of the water treatment device 1 can be further enhanced. it can. The second filtration device 5 includes a precision filter medium 15, a casing 16, and an inlet / outlet 17.

The precision filter medium 15 is preferably a material that can be washed by hand or with a brush.

These filters such as the precision filter medium 15 perform filtration from the outside of the cylindrical shape toward the inside, and turbidity adheres to the outside of the filter to purify the water quality.

The particle removal performance is preferably about 0.5 to 10 micrometers in all cases. The smaller the particle removal performance, the more microorganisms such as bacteria and protozoa can be removed. Therefore, it is preferable to select the particle removal performance and size according to the purpose of use and water quality.

A casing 16 is used as a pressure vessel for containing the precision filter medium 15. The casing 16 is a pressure vessel that has an inner diameter that is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the precision filter medium 15 that is placed therein and can withstand the pressure of the electric pump 3. The material of the casing 16 may be a pressure resistance performance equal to or higher than the maximum pressure of the electric pump 3 as in the first filtration device 4, and a metal, a resin, a resin mixed with glass fiber, or the like is preferable.

The casing 16 is preferably partly separated or detachable so that the precision filter medium 15 can be easily replaced.

Furthermore, the casing 16 is provided with an inlet / outlet 17 for passing water and discharging treated water. Although the entrance and the exit may be separately provided at a distance apart on the casing 16, it is preferable to arrange them in an integrated manner or close to each other because the ease of removing the casing 16 is improved.

The electric pump 3, the first filtration device 4, and the second filtration device 5 are connected directly or via the pipe 2. Therefore, it is preferable to arrange them as close as possible so that the filtration performance and the water flow rate of the first filtration device 4 and the second filtration device 5 operate as designed. Also, when connecting the pipes in between, it is preferable to shorten the pipe length, for example, 1 meter or less.

The first filtration device 4 takes in and discharges water from the tank inlet / outlet 14. Therefore, in order to reverse the flow direction in the tank 10 at the tank inlet / outlet 14 and wash and discharge the deposits adhering to the filter medium 11, a switching valve 6 as a washing unit that performs washing by controlling the flow direction is provided. Provide. The switching valve 6 is for switching a plurality of flow paths at the same time, and switching can be performed by either an electric type or a manual type. However, a manual type is preferable because the configuration is small and the size can be reduced. In this case, if a lever having an appropriate length is provided outside the tank 10 so that the flow path of the valve can be switched by rotation, for example, handling can be facilitated. The switching valve 6 is configured to simultaneously switch at least two systems.

During normal filtration operation, one flow path of the switching valve 6 is connected from the piping of the electric pump 3 on the water inlet side to the filter medium 11 side, and the other flow path is a discharge pipe 12 for discharging filtered water. To the clean water passage 7. Water flows from the pump through the filter medium 11 and is discharged out of the tank 10 through the outlet pipe 12.

On the other hand, at the time of operation for washing the filter medium 11, one flow path of the switching valve 6 is connected to the outlet pipe 12 from the pipe of the electric pump 3 on the water inlet side, and the other flow path is connected to the filter medium 11 side. It leads to the drainage passage 8 for draining. At this time, the water flowing in from the outlet pipe 12 flows in the opposite direction while rolling up the particles from below the filter medium 11, and the water with accumulated dirt is discharged from the drainage passage 8 to wash the filter medium 11. it can.

Here, when reverse cleaning is performed, the upper coarse particle filter 18 is provided so as not to leak outside when the particles of the filter medium 11 rise. For this, a mesh shape, a slit shape, or the like having pores or gaps of 0.3 mm to 1 mm can be used. The material is preferably a metal such as stainless steel or a resin that is unlikely to corrode similarly to the outlet tube 12. In addition, it is preferable to have a detachable structure for easy maintenance.

FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the accumulation of dirt due to the use of the first filtration device 4 and the regeneration of the filtration device by back washing. The first filtration device 4 accumulates dirt as it is used, but the dirt is discharged by performing reverse cleaning. The point in time when the first filtration device 4 is regenerated without any dirt being discharged is defined as the completion of backwashing.

Fig. 3 shows the flow rate-pressure curve of the electric pump.

When the purified water filtered through the purified water passage 7 passes through the first filtration device 4 and the second filtration device 5, the electric pump 3 includes the first filtration device 4 and the second filtration device. The pressure loss of the device 5 is added. The electric pump 3 is selected with the flow rate L1 of the purified water passage 7 at this time as a necessary flow rate.

When the water treatment device 1 is used, the first filtration device 4 is clogged with turbid components. In this case, back washing of the first filtration device 4 is necessary. In the case of reverse cleaning, the water pumped up by the electric pump 3 flows from the first filtration device 4 to the drainage passage 8. In reverse cleaning, the filter medium 11 is stirred and the turbid components collected by sand filtration are discharged to the outside through the drainage passage 8. That is, the pressure loss P2 of the second filtration device 5 does not occur and only the pressure loss P1 due to the first filtration device 4 occurs, so the backwash flow rate at that time is L3 larger than L1, and the target flow rate at the time of backwashing LT will be exceeded.

The first filtration device 4 is based on the multi-layer filtration method as described above. Usually, when performing filtration, since water is made to flow uniformly over the entire filtration surface from above the filtration device, pressure is applied to the entire filtration surface. On the other hand, when backwashing is performed, water is sent by stirring the filter medium 11 from the bottom of the first filtration device 4, so that water is caused to pass through a part of the filter medium 11 to cause convection. It is. That is, in the first filtration device 4, the pressure applied during backwashing must be reduced compared to during filtration. When reverse cleaning of the first filtration device 4 is performed due to such a difference in water flow, it is necessary to lower the output of the electric pump 3 as compared with the time of filtration. However, adjusting the output of the electric pump 3 complicates the apparatus, and costs and labor for maintenance and inspection are required.

Therefore, as in the present embodiment, the flow rate adjusting device 19 is provided on the drainage passage 8 side and a load is applied to adjust the flow rate, thereby simplifying the structure of the device and reducing costs and labor for maintenance and inspection. be able to. The flow control device 19 may use a reduction pipe, a valve, or the like.

The target water amount LT, which is the flow rate that flows through the drainage passage 8 during backwashing, is the flow rate L2 in the case where only the first filtration device 4 is allowed to flow and flow out to the purified water passage 7 side without connecting the second filtration device 5. Less is desirable. Furthermore, it is desirable that the target water amount LT is less than the flow rate that allows only the first filtration device 4 to pass through the purified water passage 7 during filtration.

Fig. 4 shows the internal situation of the tank when backwashing.

If the depth of the well is shallow, the pressure loss Ph due to the water surface and the position of the electric pump 3 is smaller than the assumed value, and the flow rate of L3 increases as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, the filter medium is greatly stirred, and a phenomenon of blocking the upper coarse particle filter 18 inside the tank 10 occurs. That is, reverse cleaning cannot be effectively performed. Therefore, the first filtration device 4 can be reliably cleaned by installing the flow rate adjusting device 19 in the drainage passage 8 and giving a pressure loss to set the L3 to the target flow rate LT which is a smaller flow rate. The flow control device 19 may use a reduction pipe, a valve, or the like.

Further, when the depth of the well is deep, the pressure loss Ph due to the water surface and the pump position is larger than the assumed value, and the flow rate of L3 cannot be sufficiently ensured with respect to the target flow rate LT during backwashing as shown in FIG. . Agitation of the filter medium 11 becomes insufficient, and all the turbid components cannot be discharged to the outside, so that the filter medium 11 is not sufficiently cleaned. In order to prevent this, the flow control device 19 is removed and the extra resistance is eliminated, or the flow control device 19 is fully opened.

As described above, the water treatment device is an electric pump for sucking and discharging water from a well or a water tank, a first filtration device including a filter medium for removing turbid components contained in well water, A second filtration device communicating with the latter stage of the first filtration device, and the first filtration device is provided with a switching valve capable of selectively switching between filtration and backwashing. Also, select either the purified water passage that supplies the purified water filtered by the first filtration device to the subsequent stage via the switching valve or the drainage passage that drains the waste water that was backwashed from the first filtration device outside the system. Connect. And the second filtration device is composed of a precision filter medium and a casing, and the flow rate adjustment device that reduces the flow rate that flows through the drainage passage during backwashing to less than the flow rate that passes through the first filtration device during filtration and flows through the water purification passage. Prepare.

When the purified water that has passed through the first filtration device and the second filtration device and is filtered from the purified water passage by the electric pump comes out, there is a pressure loss of the first filtration device and the second filtration device. When the flow rate of purified water from the purified water passage is L1, the flow rate L1 of purified water is a flow rate necessary for actual use. In this case, when backwashing occurs when the first filtration device is clogged with turbid components, the pressure loss of the second filtration device does not occur, and only the pressure loss due to the first filtration device occurs. . Therefore, the backwash flow rate at that time is equal to or greater than the flow rate L2 when passing only the first filtration device in the water purification passage, and when passing only the first filtration device in the drainage passage during backwashing. The flow rate L3. At that time, the filter medium is agitated by backwashing, and the turbid components collected by sand filtration are discharged outside through the drainage passage. At that time, the flow rate L3 is always larger than L1. If L3 is too large, the filter medium will be stirred too much, so that the phenomenon of clogging the upper coarse particle filter inside the tank will occur, so backwashing may not be effective. Therefore, by installing a flow rate adjusting device in the drainage passage and giving a pressure loss to make the flow rate less than L2, there is an effect that the first filtration device can be reliably washed.

By doing in this way, the flow volume L3 in the case of passing only a 1st filtration apparatus in a drainage channel at the time of backwashing by the distance from the ground to the water surface relevant to the depth of a well each changing by the place installed Can be adjusted in a timely manner.

In addition, as the depth of the well is increased, the flow rate adjustment device becomes more resistant, and the flow rate L3 when passing only the first filtration device in the drainage passage at the time of backwashing is reduced, and the agitation of the filter medium becomes insufficient. It is necessary to reduce the resistance by removing or fully opening the flow control device when installing the water treatment device.

The water treatment device according to the present invention can be easily confirmed and washed when the second filtration device is washed. Therefore, the water treatment device is used as a household water treatment device used for purification of well water and stored water. Useful.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,101 Water treatment apparatus 2 Piping 3 Electric pump 4 1st filtration apparatus 5 2nd filtration apparatus 6 Switching valve 7 Water purification path 8 Drainage path 10 Tank 11 Filter medium 12 Outlet pipe 13 Lower coarse particle filter 14 Tank inlet / outlet 15 Precision filter medium 16 Casing 17 Entrance / exit 18 Upper coarse particle filter 19 Flow control device 102 Filter 103 Open / close valve 104 Pressure switch 105 Control circuit

Claims

An electric pump that sucks and discharges water from a well or a water tank, a first filtration device that includes a filter medium that removes turbid components contained in well water, and a second that communicates with the subsequent stage of the first filtration device. The first filtration device is provided with a switching valve capable of selectively switching between filtration and backwashing, and the purified water filtered by the first filtration device via the switching valve In the water treatment device for selectively connecting the water purification passage for supplying the wastewater to the subsequent stage and the drainage passage for discharging the waste water backwashed from the first filtration device out of the system, the second filtration device is A water treatment apparatus comprising a precision filter medium and a casing, and having a flow rate adjusting device configured to reduce a flow rate flowing through the drainage passage at the time of backwashing to less than a flow rate passing through the first water purifying passage during filtration.
The deeper the depth of the well, the lower the resistance of the drainage passage during backwashing, and the shallower the depth of the well, the resistance of the drainage passage during backwashing increases. The water treatment device according to claim 1, further comprising a flow rate adjusting device for increasing and decreasing adjustment.
The water treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the material of the filter medium includes any of sand, anthracite, garnet, ceramics, granular activated carbon, iron oxyhydroxide, and manganese sand.