JP2007237140A - Desalination device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a desalination device with small energy consumption because a desalination device used for desalination of seawater etc. consumes a large amount of energy for evaporating moisture from the seawater when using an evaporation and condensation method. <P>SOLUTION: Raw water 1, such as seawater, is introduced into a nozzle 2 capable of spraying the water of a size of ≤10 μm, and then sprayed into an atomizing chamber 5. The atomized raw water 6 is adsorbed by an adsorbent 7, and the adsorbent 7 is regenerated by a regeneration means 14 to obtain high-humidity moisture, and the moisture is condensed to obtain fresh water with low energy and energy saving. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for making raw water such as seawater and muddy water into fresh water.

  Currently, the demand for water is increasing due to population growth and industrial activity on the earth, and a stable supply of water resources is indispensable. However, the water existing on the earth is seawater containing sodium chloride, and there are many waters that cannot be used for drinking and living such as muddy water. Therefore, a desalination apparatus that produces fresh water using these seawater and muddy water as raw water has attracted attention. In addition, from the viewpoint of the global environment, desertification in various places on the earth has become serious, and research to stop the progress of desertification by supplying water with desalination equipment and cultivating plants by it is also active.

  As a method of desalination, the collected raw water is heated, and the generated water vapor is condensed to obtain fresh water. The evaporative desalination apparatus or the collected raw water is guided to the reverse osmosis membrane and pressurized to obtain fresh water. A reverse osmosis membrane desalination apparatus and the like are known.

  Hereinafter, the evaporative desalination apparatus will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in the figure, the desalination apparatus 101 includes a spray nozzle 102 and a heat exchanger 103, and air 105 heated by a turbine 104 or the like is caused to flow through the heat exchanger 103 and sprayed with seawater 106. By increasing the area of the heat exchanger, the water is efficiently evaporated, and this is subsequently condensed by the heat exchanger 107 for cooling, whereby the fresh water 108 is recovered. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 52-110279

  In such a conventional technique, for example, when an evaporative desalination apparatus is used, a large amount of energy is consumed to heat raw water at a high temperature, and even in the case of a reverse osmosis membrane method, energy for pressurization is consumed. In order to consume freshwater, there is a problem that enormous energy is required for freshwater production, and a method for obtaining freshwater with low energy and energy saving is demanded.

  The present invention solves such a conventional problem and aims to obtain fresh water with low energy and energy saving.

  In the present invention, as a method for extracting fresh water with only a small amount of energy, after the raw water is sprayed and vaporized efficiently by contact with the outside air, the vaporized water is absorbed by the adsorbent, and this is regenerated means such as heating. Has developed a method of obtaining fresh water by regenerating the high-humidity air released from the adsorbent and using it as water with a condenser. Accordingly, energy that heats the raw water to a high temperature or pressurizes the raw water to pass through the membrane is not required, and the raw water can be desalinated with less energy consumption.

  In addition, since most of the impurities generated at this time settle in the air, they do not adhere to the adsorbent, or even if attached, the adsorbent is much less than the raw water, so the impurities are washed away, etc. There is little maintenance. In addition, sodium chloride contained in seawater, which is an example of raw water, does not evaporate into high-humidity air during regeneration of the adsorbent. Is obtained.

  In order to further reduce the frequency of maintenance such as washing away impurities adhering to the adsorbent, an impurity removing means for collecting impurities or raw water particles that could not be vaporized is provided in the previous stage of the adsorbent. Also good.

  Moreover, as a spraying method in the present invention, by generating water by spraying water from a nozzle having a shape capable of spraying fine water droplets, water can be efficiently sprayed with low energy, and by supplied dry air, Fine mist vaporizes and is divided into high-humidity air and impurity precipitates. By adsorbing humidity, it can be extracted as water molecules only, regenerated from the adsorbent, and condensed to obtain water. Is.

  Further, as a spraying method of the present invention, the raw water is made high by a slight energy of movement by applying the raw water to the wall surface or floor surface by using centrifugal force of a rotating device or dropping from a high position to make it fine. Wet air can be taken out.

  In addition, as a spraying method of the present invention, by using a carburetor method, high-speed air is made to flow in the aeration path to create a negative pressure, and a raw water jet is provided in the negative pressure portion, whereby the raw water is sucked up and the water is atomized. Erupt. When ejected, it can be vaporized rapidly while adjusting the amount of raw water, and humid air can be obtained. Needless to say, by introducing air dried at a high temperature, it is easy to vaporize and the efficiency is increased.

  In addition, as a spraying method of the present invention, raw water is put into a tank where ultrasonic vibrations are generated or a vibrator that generates ultrasonic waves is put into the raw water to give ultrasonic vibrations to the raw water. By vibrating the air interface, the raw water particles and water vapor are diffused into the air by the energy. This makes it possible to extract high-humidity air with much less energy than heating and evaporating raw water. Moreover, since impurities in the raw water fall relatively close to the source of the raw water, it is possible to prevent impurities from being mixed into the adsorbent by taking a distance between the generator and the adsorbent.

  Also, in order to effectively use the high-humidity air obtained by spraying in the present invention, a spray chamber is provided, the outside air or the treated dry air is collected and taken in from the suction port, and the sprayed high-humidity air does not diffuse By doing so, moisture can be efficiently adsorbed and recovered.

  In addition, the atomization chamber in the present invention is set to a negative pressure so that the atomized water is easily volatilized in the raw water spray state, and then the outside air or the treated dry air is collected and taken in, and the high-humidity air is returned to the positive pressure. Thus, moisture can be collected efficiently.

  In addition, when raw water is vaporized, solids removed from the raw water along with vaporization and large water droplets are heavy, so they settle in the air. By having a space for collecting the sediment and large water droplets, the solid content can be recovered without being sucked into the adsorbent, and as a result, there is no clogging of the adsorbent and the life of the apparatus is extended. Further, if the deposit recovery part is removed and the deposit is recovered from the spray chamber, maintenance can be performed more easily. In addition, since many of the impurities are easily soluble in water, it is better to accumulate or flow water in the sediment collection part, so that it is easier to collect and there is no fear of splashing.

  In addition, before introducing high-humidity air into the adsorbent, a sensor is installed at the temperature and / or humidity of the high-humidity air. As a result, in the case of air of higher humidity, the adsorbent quickly reaches the saturation point of the adsorption capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to send the adsorbent to the regeneration process earlier, and the control can be performed. On the other hand, when the humidity is relatively low, the desalination ability can be improved by performing control such as increasing the amount of blown air or supplying raw water to be humidified. Similarly, sensing the air after processing and the introduced air before atomization makes the control more accurate.

  In addition, by disposing a fan after the adsorbent, the atomization chamber has a negative pressure from the outside air, the sprayed raw water is easily vaporized, and the fan itself is treated with the adsorbent and then dried air. Therefore, operation with a relatively long life is possible.

  In addition, the high-temperature, high-humidity air that has been recovered from the adsorbent is introduced into the sensible heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is exposed to low-temperature, low-humidity air before it is introduced into the adsorbent. Air is cooled and water can condense. Thereby, the target fresh water can be recovered without using new energy for condensation.

  In addition, because the adsorbent has a honeycomb structure and the surface area of the ventilation body is large, the pressure loss is low, the ventilation energy can be reduced, and the humidity in the air can be recovered, improving the water recovery efficiency. It can be made. Also, when the raw water is atomized, impurity solids etc. separated from the raw water in the air will be exhausted without being collected in the honeycomb structure with vents, thus slowing the deterioration of the adsorbent. It is also possible to reduce the frequency of cleaning maintenance such as washing away impurities.

  In addition, since the adsorbent material includes at least one of zeolite, silica gel, activated carbon, alumina oxide, and silica alumina, the above materials can be used for adsorption air and regeneration air in the adsorption cycle. In the meantime, it has a large adsorption capacity, and even when adsorption and regeneration are repeated, there is little deterioration in performance, so that the life of the apparatus can be extended.

  Moreover, in order to process the above-mentioned material into the above-mentioned honeycomb shape, a honeycomb-shaped adsorbent is obtained by supporting the above-described material using an adhesive on a metal substrate such as honeycomb-shaped aluminum or a ceramic substrate. Is obtained. Further, the above adsorbent may be mixed with a binder or the like and finished into a honeycomb shape using an extrusion biometer or the like.

  Further, the shape of the adsorbent is circular, and the apparatus is provided with a rotating means for rotating the adsorbent to rotate the adsorbent. While adsorbing high-humidity air in a part of the circle, warm air for regeneration is passed through the remaining part to collect moisture. In this way, it is possible to regenerate with a part of the adsorbent and continuously repeat the adsorption and regeneration.

  Further, a plurality of adsorbents may be provided, and moisture may be continuously collected by adsorption and regeneration by alternately replacing the adsorption unit that adsorbs water vapor and the regeneration unit that extracts the adsorbed moisture.

  In addition, although a heating device such as a heater may be used as the adsorbent regeneration means, the present invention is particularly advantageous in high-temperature and dry areas such as desert climates. It is possible to regenerate the adsorbent without heating the air, particularly with a regenerator, by introducing dry outside air from which the above has been removed.

  In addition, the regeneration device of the present invention can improve the regeneration efficiency with low energy by using, as the regeneration air, the material heated by air, for example, by applying black heat to the material that has been painted black and heated. I can do it.

  Further, as the reproducing means of the reproducing apparatus of the present invention, sunlight is collected, the element is irradiated on the element by the reproducing unit, the element is warmed, and air for regeneration is separately sent by a fan. It is possible to obtain desorbed water vapor by blowing air.

  In addition, as regeneration means of the regeneration device of the present invention, waste heat from a gas turbine or a fuel cell of 80 ° C. or less that cannot be used for water evaporation is used to exchange heat with the regeneration air, It is also possible to regenerate the warm adsorbent.

  In the present invention, raw water is sprayed and vaporized by a nozzle, water crushing, carburetor, or ultrasonic vibration, the vaporized water is sent to the adsorbent, absorbed by the adsorbent, and regenerated by the heating means. By obtaining air and making it water with a condenser such as a heat exchanger, fresh water can be obtained with low energy and energy saving. Further, in order to prevent the atomized water from diffusing at this time, it is easier to form a vapor when an atomization chamber is provided and dry air is introduced into the chamber, or the space is set to a negative pressure.

  Further, in the present invention, by installing a dust collection filter and an organic gas filter at the entrance of the atomization chamber, contamination of impurities and organic gas into the atomization chamber is prevented, and impurities and organic gas are mixed into the adsorbent. By preventing, impurities and organic gas can be prevented from dissolving in the high-humidity air obtained by regeneration of the adsorbent, and high-purity fresh water can be obtained.

  Further, in the present invention, the desalination efficiency can be optimized by sensing the temperature and humidity of the high-humidity air to control the timing of adsorption regeneration, the air volume of the introduced air, and the amount of raw water sprayed.

  Further, in the present invention, a fan is disposed after the adsorbent, and the atomization chamber is set to a negative pressure to facilitate vaporization of the sprayed raw water, and the fan itself is dried after being treated with the adsorbent. Since it is arranged to be exposed to air, an efficient and long-life apparatus can be obtained.

  In the present invention, the high-temperature and high-humidity air regenerated from the adsorbent is introduced into the sensible heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is brought into contact with the low-temperature and low-humidity air before being introduced into the adsorbent. Because the high-humidity regeneration air can be cooled and condensed, fresh water can be recovered without any new energy.

  In the present invention, the adsorbent has a honeycomb structure, so that the energy burden for ventilation is reduced, and fresh water can be recovered with high efficiency by efficiently contacting moisture and the adsorbent in a wide area.

  Further, in the present invention, an apparatus having a large adsorption capacity and hardly deteriorates can be obtained by using a plurality of or any one of zeolite, silica gel, activated carbon, alumina oxide, and silica alumina as the material of the adsorbent. Further, as a processing method thereof, it may be supported on a honeycomb-like base material via a binder, or a binder and an adsorbing material may be mixed and formed into a honeycomb by extrusion molding or the like.

  Further, in the present invention, the adsorbent is rotated by making the adsorbent circular, and the warm air for regeneration is flowed to the other part while adsorbing high-humidity air in a part of the circular shape, thus Fresh water can be taken out continuously.

  Further, in the present invention, a plurality of adsorbents are provided, and moisture can be continuously recovered by alternately replacing the adsorption unit that adsorbs water vapor and the regeneration unit that extracts the adsorbed moisture.

  Further, in the present invention, if the outside air is relatively dry, it can be introduced and used for the regeneration air of the adsorbent to save energy.

  In addition, the regenerated air of the present invention can be regenerated with warm air produced by heat exchange of waste heat from gas turbines, fuel cells, etc. By condensing the light and irradiating the element with the reproducing unit, the element is warmed, and reproduction air is separately sent by a fan, so that reproduction with low energy consumption can be performed.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the raw water atomization device is provided in the front stage and the adsorbent is provided in the rear stage, the adsorbent adsorbs the water in the raw water atomized, and the adsorbent is regenerated by the regenerator. In this way, fresh water can be obtained by condensing this with high-humidity moisture, and it undergoes a cycle of adsorption and release of moisture without heating water evaporation compared to conventional devices. Therefore, fresh water with less impurities can be obtained with low energy and energy saving.

  Further, the invention according to claim 2 of the present invention is very fine by spraying from the nozzle processed into a mist-like shape by applying pressure to the raw water as the atomization method of the desalination apparatus described above. As a method for obtaining high-humidity air by ejecting raw water particles into the air and gradually evaporating it, high-humidity air for obtaining fresh water can be created with little energy without heating. The shape of the nozzle must be a special shape so that the sprayed mist can be vaporized, and the amount of water to be ejected is 100 μm or less, preferably 10 μm or less.

  Further, according to the invention described in claim 3 of the present invention, as the atomization method of the desalination apparatus described above, the raw water is collided with the wall surface or the floor surface by applying a centrifugal force to the water, and the water is crushed. As a technique for obtaining high-humidity air by obtaining fine particles of water and evaporating at the time of diameter, high-humidity air for obtaining fresh water can be created with little energy without heating.

  Further, the invention according to claim 4 of the present invention has a carburetor as the atomization method of the desalination apparatus described above, allows high-speed air to flow through the air passage, and makes the air passage negative pressure, so that the negative pressure portion By providing a spout for raw water, the raw water is sucked up and the water is atomized and ejected. When ejected, it can be rapidly vaporized while adjusting the amount of raw water, and as a method for obtaining high-humidity air, high-humidity air for obtaining fresh water can be created with little energy without heating.

  Further, according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, as the atomization method of the desalination apparatus described above, raw water is put into a tank where ultrasonic vibrations are generated, or a vibrator which generates ultrasonic waves is put into the raw water. As a result, ultrasonic vibration is applied to the raw water and the interface between the raw water and air is vibrated, whereby the raw water particles and water vapor can be diffused into the air by the energy. Thereby, it is possible to take out high-humidity air for obtaining fresh water with much less energy than heating and evaporating raw water.

  In addition, most of the impurities in the raw water in the atomization are present in the relatively large raw water fine particles generated by the atomization and fall relatively close to the source of the raw water. If the adsorbent is taken in such a degree that the adsorbent does not inhale, impurities can be prevented from being mixed into the adsorbent.

  In addition, although each atomizer was demonstrated here, the atomization process of the raw | natural water of an apparatus front stage may be performed with an atomizer other than this, and several atomizers may be arranged.

  In the invention according to claim 6 of the present invention, high-humidity air can be efficiently obtained by providing a room for atomization so as not to diffuse the fog generated by the atomization device.

  In addition, the invention according to claim 7 of the present invention makes it easier to evaporate water particles present by atomization by setting the above-mentioned atomization chamber to a particularly negative pressure, so that water vapor can be more efficiently generated. Can be obtained.

  In the invention according to claim 8 of the present invention, the impurities in the raw water atomized in the atomization chamber sink by gravity and accumulate in the room, so that the impurities can be removed from the air. Such a space is provided. By setting this space below the adsorbent and arranging it so as not to be sucked into the adsorbent, it is possible to prevent impurities from being mixed into the adsorbent.

  In the invention according to claim 9 of the present invention, the impurities are dissolved in the lower part of the room so that the impurities in the raw water and the water particles which have not been atomized descend in the atomization room and accumulate in the lower part of the room. By allowing water to be collected so that the grains can be recovered, the impurities etc. were originally dissolved or dispersed in the water and can be effectively recovered because they are well dissolved and familiar with the water. In addition, re-scattering of impurities can be prevented.

  In the invention according to claim 10 of the present invention, both or one of a filter that adsorbs organic gas and a filter that collects dust is installed at the inlet to the atomization chamber. The adsorbent at the latter stage of the atomization chamber is easy to adsorb organic gas, and the regenerator may leave the concentrated organic gas away from the adsorbent at the same time as fresh water. By providing, the organic gas adsorbed by the adsorbent can be removed in advance. Also, the dust filter may lead to deterioration of the adsorbent, and by providing a filter that can collect dust in advance, it is possible to eliminate the deterioration of the adsorbent. However, such a filter increases ventilation resistance, places a load on the ventilation fan, etc., and increases the cost of the apparatus. For example, in the case where there is a trace amount of organic gas but the fresh water obtained by the apparatus does not require so much purity such as agricultural water, it can be said that the organic gas filter is not necessary.

  According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, the temperature and / or humidity is monitored at both the front stage and / or the rear stage where the water vapor atomized from the atomizer is introduced into the adsorbent. By monitoring the temperature and humidity, multiple or any of the adsorption time of moisture to the adsorbent, the amount of air introduced to the adsorbent, the regeneration time, the temperature of the regenerator, and the airflow of the regenerator By installing either or both of an automatic switching device that can set one of them, or one or both of the alarms to notify the operator of setting change commands, the operating status of the desalination device is changed and fresh water is supplied. Thus, energy consumption can be suppressed and operation can be performed efficiently.

  The invention according to claim 12 of the present invention can be continuously supplied with high-humidity air to the adsorbent by installing a fan in the subsequent stage of the adsorbent and adsorbing water vapor to the adsorbent with the sucked air, and Since the fan itself is exposed to dry air after passing through the adsorbent, the humidity is low and deterioration is unlikely to occur. Moreover, when an atomization chamber exists, since it becomes a negative pressure before an adsorbent, there exists an effect which water tends to vaporize.

  In the invention according to claim 13 of the present invention, the adsorbent is regenerated by a regenerator, and in order to cool and condense the high-temperature and high-humidity moisture that has escaped, the heat exchanger is disposed in the heat exchanger disposed in the preceding stage of the adsorbent. Introduce. Thereby, the high-humidity and low-temperature air before being sucked into the adsorbent cools the heat exchanger, cools the regenerated air, condenses moisture, and can be recovered as fresh water. By placing the heat exchange air in front of the adsorbent, no new energy is required to condense the regeneration air, so that the energy consumption of the apparatus can be suppressed.

  According to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, since the shape of the adsorbent is made into a honeycomb shape, when passing the atomized process air, the pressure loss is low and the contact area is large. Can be adsorbed. Similarly, when the regenerative air is passed, the adsorbent material is close to the surface of the honeycomb material, so that moisture moves into the adsorbent due to movement within the adsorbent, resulting in loss of energy and time during regeneration. Can be prevented.

  In the invention according to claim 15 of the present invention, the adsorbent material includes at least one of zeolite, silica gel, activated carbon, alumina oxide, and silica alumina. Since there is little deterioration of a material, it has the effect | action that it can be used for a long time.

  According to the sixteenth aspect of the present invention, the surface of the adsorbent is adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent while maintaining the strength of the honeycomb structure by supporting the adsorbent on the substrate processed into a honeycomb shape and inside the substrate. With this structure, the honeycomb structure has a contact area and can be used as a highly efficient adsorbent.

  In the invention according to claim 17 of the present invention, the adsorbent is circular and has a rotating means for rotating the adsorbent. While adsorbing by a part of the circular shape, the remaining part is adsorbed by flowing warm air for regeneration. By regenerating the material and rotating the adsorbent, the adsorption and regeneration can be continuously repeated by repeatedly passing the adsorption portion and the regeneration portion.

  The invention according to claim 18 of the present invention includes an adsorbent having a plurality of adsorbents, an adsorption tower through which high-humidity air for adsorption is passed and a regeneration tower through which regenerated air is passed. This is sent to the regeneration tower, and after the release and regeneration of moisture is completed, it is sent to the adsorption tower. By repeating this, fresh water can be continuously produced, and the adsorption time and the regeneration time can be adjusted by adjusting the number of adsorption towers and regeneration towers.

  The invention according to claim 19 of the present invention requires a new heat source as the regeneration air by introducing the outside air of the apparatus dried from the atomized low temperature and high humidity air introduced into the adsorbent as the regeneration air. However, a low energy consumption device can be realized. This is particularly easy in areas where desalination is necessary and high temperature and dry air is outside air, such as desert areas.

  According to the invention of claim 20 of the present invention, as the regenerated air, air is applied to the material warmed by sunlight, and heat exchange is performed to make the air high temperature and low humidity, and the air is fed into the adsorbent as regenerated air. By using sunlight, energy consumption can be reduced. In addition, it is easy to realize in an area where desalination is necessary and high temperature and dry air is outside air and strong sunlight, especially in the desert region.

  The invention according to claim 21 of the present invention can extract the adsorbed moisture by condensing sunlight and directly applying it to the adsorbent to warm and heat the adsorbent and sending air. At this time, the adsorbent is preferably made of a material that can easily absorb infrared rays such as black. In addition, it is easy to realize in an area where desalination is necessary and high temperature and dry air is outside air and strong sunlight, especially in the desert region. Further, it is desirable to collect light by using a condensing device or the like, by applying stronger light to the adsorbent and regenerating at a high temperature and improving the efficiency of desalination.

  In the invention according to claim 22 of the present invention, waste heat of 80 ° C. or less, which is a relatively low temperature discharged from a gas turbine, a fuel cell or the like, is heat-exchanged by a heat exchanger, and this is used as high-temperature, low-humidity regenerated air. It is what you send in. Normally, waste heat of 80 ° C. or less is discharged as it is because the range of use is limited. However, waste heat can be used effectively and can be used as a regeneration means.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
As shown in FIG. 1, atomization in which raw water 1 such as seawater is introduced into a nozzle 2 that can be sprayed with a size of 100 μm or less, preferably 10 μm or less, and then an air inlet 3 and a processing device inlet 4 are provided respectively. Suction and water vapor are adsorbed by the adsorbent 7 by the fan 8 provided at the subsequent stage of the adsorbent 7 so that the raw water 6 sprayed and atomized in the chamber 5 is adsorbed by the adsorbent 7. In addition, it is desirable to provide a filter 9 that can filter the impurities in the raw water and the raw water particles that have not been vaporized before the adsorbent 7 so that the impurities are not introduced into the adsorbent. It should be noted that, by providing equipment that desirably flows water 10 or the like (not necessarily pure water) at the lower part of the atomization chamber 5, impurities that separate from the atomized water and settle, or raw water that could not be vaporized Etc. can be recovered. For this purpose, the distance between the processing apparatus inlet 4 and the nozzle 2 should be as far as possible, and it is better to introduce only water vapor into the processing apparatus by excessively humidifying the inside of the atomization chamber 5. In order to eliminate the problem that excessive impurities are not taken into the atomizing chamber 5 and the adsorbent 7 adsorbs organic gas and the gas is concentrated and dissolved in the obtained fresh water, the dust collecting filter 11 and It is desirable to install the organic gas filter 12 at the air inlet 3.

  The adsorbent 7 is rotated by a rotating means 13 such as a gear motor. A regenerating means 14 is provided on a part of the ventilation surface of the adsorbent 7 to heat the adsorbent, and the adsorbed water vapor is concentrated and discharged to high temperature and high humidity. To do. A regeneration air passage 16 and a regeneration fan 17 are provided so that the regenerated air is sent to the heat exchanger 15. The water sent to the heat exchanger 15 is condensed and collected in the tank 18 as water. The regenerating means 14 is generally heated by a heat source such as a nichrome wire heater, an infrared lamp, a halogen lamp, a PTC heater, or a ceramic heater, but the same applies to the apparatus of the present invention. In addition, when used in combination with another desalination device, such as an evaporation method, the waste heat may be used, and there are also adsorbents that can be regenerated at a lower temperature than used for evaporation. Fresh water can be obtained efficiently. Further, in Embodiments 6 to 8, another reproducing means is described, and a reproducing method using that means may be used.

  Further, the temperature and humidity meter 19 measures the air introduced into the atomization chamber, the humidified air before the adsorbent after atomization, the treated air after passing through the adsorbent, and the temperature and humidity meter 19. Based on this information, the control device 20 controls the spray amount of the raw water 1, the processing air volume according to the rotation speed of the fan 8, the adsorption regeneration time of the adsorbent 7 according to the rotation speed of the rotation means 13, and the output of the regeneration means 14. Therefore, the optimum apparatus at that time can be operated, and a desired amount of fresh water can be obtained.

  In addition, the heat exchanger 15 is partly or wholly placed in the high-humidity air passage 21, so that the raw water is vaporized and heat is taken away and the low-humidity air 21 is cooled. Water can be efficiently aggregated and recovered.

  In addition, as the structure of the adsorbent 7, there is a honeycomb structure 24 in which a flat flat sheet 22 and a corrugated corrugated sheet 23 are laminated as shown in FIG. A honeycomb or a pellet-shaped adsorbent packed so as not to be scattered into a cylindrical shape may be used.

  In addition, as the adsorbing material forming the adsorbent, there are zeolite, silica gel, activated carbon, alumina oxide, silica alumina, etc., and by adhering it to the above-described honeycomb or the like through a binder, Configure the adsorbent. In this case, it is preferable that the base material has a low specific heat because the adsorbent quickly warms and cools quickly during the adsorption regeneration so as to improve moisture absorption and desorption capability.

(Embodiment 2)
The same parts as those of the first embodiment of the present invention are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. In the first embodiment, the adsorbent is rotated, and the regenerating means is arranged on a part thereof. However, as shown in FIG. By providing the replacement means 27 for replacement, the adsorbent 28 being adsorbed and the adsorbent 29 being regenerated are provided. The regenerated high-humidity air is sent to the heat exchanger 30, but the heat exchanger 30 is preferably arranged so as to hit the treatment air passage 25. In addition, as a replacement means, a plurality of adsorbents are arranged equidistant from the center of the circle and rotated in a certain time. It is desirable to set the rotation time at an optimal timing for recovering the adsorption capacity by regeneration that the adsorbent has adsorbed up to that capacity, and the cycle is preferably about 5 to 10 minutes.

  In the first embodiment, a filter is provided in front of the adsorbent to prevent impurities and raw water particles from entering the adsorbent, but a cyclone device 31 for rotating air is provided in front of the adsorbent 7. It is more desirable because air can be given a centrifugal force to separate impurities and heavier water particles than water molecules, and only moisture-containing air can be introduced into the adsorbent 7.

  Further, in the first embodiment described above, the separated impurities and raw raw water particles are settled and collected to collect the water, but the collection plate 32 that can be removed from the atomization chamber is provided at the bottom. By providing, impurities and raw water particles can be recovered.

(Embodiment 3)
The same parts as those in the first or second embodiment of the present invention are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. In the first embodiment, water is sprayed from a nozzle as a water vapor generation source. However, as shown in FIG. 4, raw water is vibrated by an ultrasonic vibrator 33 to atomize the water. Although not shown in the drawing, there may be a plurality of ultrasonic transducers 33, and the raw water is always supplied at a constant water level, and the water level is always kept at the level that is most easily atomized by vibration. Is desirable.

  In the first embodiment, a filter is installed to prevent impurities and raw water particles from entering the adsorbent, and a cyclone is installed in the second embodiment. Similarly, an air trap device 34 is provided upstream of the adsorbent 7. It is desirable to provide an impurity because impurities can be separated.

(Embodiment 4)
The same parts as those in any of Embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. In the first embodiment, a method of spraying water from a nozzle as a water vapor generation source is used. However, as shown in FIG. 5, the raw water 35 is fed to the center of the rotating device 37 by a pump 36 and is rotated by centrifugal force. The water is blown off around the wall and hits the wall surface 38, whereby water can be crushed and atomized with the energy.

(Embodiment 5)
The same parts as those in any of Embodiments 1 to 4 of the present invention are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. In the first embodiment, a method in which water is sprayed from a nozzle is used as a water vapor generation source. However, as shown in FIG. 6, a carburetor 39 is provided in the atomization chamber, and, for example, a negative pressure is applied while flowing high-speed air 41 by a pump 40 or the like. The raw water 43 is allowed to flow through the air passage 42 that is in pressure to be atomized.

  In Embodiments 1 to 5, the raw water atomization method, the impurity recovery method, the collection method, and the like have been described. However, a plurality of atomization methods may be performed simultaneously.

(Embodiment 6)
The same parts as those in any of Embodiments 1 to 5 of the present invention are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. In the first to fifth embodiments, a heating device such as a heater has been described as a method for regenerating the adsorbent. However, as shown in FIG. Introduce by. In particular, if the air is in a high-temperature and low-humidity area such as a desert, water adsorbed on the adsorbent 7 can be taken out, and heating means such as a heater is not used, so a low-power desalination apparatus can be realized.

(Embodiment 7)
The same parts as those in any one of the first to sixth embodiments of the present invention are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. In the sixth embodiment, only the outside air is introduced as the regeneration means. However, as shown in FIG. 8, the heat is stored in the heat exchanger 49 stored by sunlight 48 before the outside air is introduced by the regeneration fan 47 to warm the air. be able to. The adsorbent 7 is regenerated by this warmed air, and water can be recovered. As a result, a low-power desalination apparatus can be realized. In addition, since it is heated by sunlight 48, it is more desirable to use a black material that easily absorbs infrared rays or a material that has a high light absorption rate, and the heat exchanger has a large area and can receive sunlight rays vertically. An angled one is more desirable.

(Embodiment 8)
The same parts as those in any of the first to seventh embodiments of the present invention are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. In the seventh embodiment, outside air is introduced into the heat exchanger. However, as shown in FIG. 9, the sunlight 50 is collected by the condenser 51 and the light is applied to the adsorbent 7, so that the adsorbent 7 is Water can be recovered from the warmed adsorbent 7 by warming and flowing air with the regeneration fan 52. As a result, a low-power desalination apparatus can be realized. In this case as well, since the adsorbent is warmed by sunlight, it is more desirable that the adsorbent surface is black that easily absorbs infrared rays or that has a high light absorption rate.

  In Embodiments 7 to 8, in addition to the introduction of outside air, air that has been condensed and dried after regeneration may be circulated and used again as regeneration air, and the user can select the one that has better regeneration efficiency with outside air. That's fine.

  In addition, although various embodiments have been described, it is naturally possible to draw up the apparatus by combining these embodiments.

  As shown in FIG. 10, a water tank 55 provided with an ultrasonic transducer 54 was provided in an acrylic box 53 and placed on an electronic balance 56. The water tank 55 was set to a constant water level 57, and sodium chloride 3.5% sodium chloride aqueous solution 58 imitating seawater was added as raw water.

  The acrylic box 53 is provided with an intake port 59 at the bottom as an intake hole and a processing vent 60 at a relatively upper portion.

  An adsorbent 62 was disposed from the processing vent 60 through a heat exchanger 61 for regeneration and aggregation, and a processing fan 63 was installed at the subsequent stage. As a regeneration device for the adsorbent 62, a heater 64 and a regeneration fan (not shown) were used.

  The outside air atmosphere is about 40 ° C. and 20% R.D. H. The humidified air was introduced into the adsorbent 62 by the processing fan 63 while ultrasonic vibration was generated and the inside of the acrylic box 53 was humidified. The adsorbent 62 is rotated by a rotating means (not shown), and the reproducing unit and the adsorbing unit are alternately switched by the rotation. The regenerated high-humidity air aggregated in the heat exchanger 61, the aggregated water flowed to the tank 65, and fresh water 66 was recovered.

  The humidification amount at this time was calculated from the weight reduction of the water tank, and the amount of water collected by the adsorbent was measured by the amount accumulated in the tank. At this time, the temperature and humidity of the introduced air and the air after humidification and before introduction of the adsorbent were monitored. The results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the measurement results of the recovery efficiency in the desalination experiment of Example 1 of the present invention.

  Further, the recovered water was evaporated and the ratio of impurities in the recovered water was measured. The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2 shows the measurement results of the amount of impurities in the recovered water in the desalination experiment of Example 1 of the present invention.

  As a result, it was considered that the amount of humidification was small at the initial stage of the operation of the apparatus, but after 30 minutes, water could be recovered stably and the water recovery rate was about 27%. Moreover, almost no impurities were found in the recovered water, and the water was desalinated.

  A device capable of collecting fresh water from seawater or muddy water with less energy can be provided, and fresh water can be provided with lower energy than conventional ones.

Schematic which shows the desalination apparatus of Embodiment 1 of this invention. Schematic which shows the honeycomb structure of the adsorbent of Embodiment 1 of this invention Schematic which shows the desalination apparatus of Embodiment 2 of this invention. Schematic which shows the desalination apparatus of Embodiment 3 of this invention. Schematic which shows the desalination apparatus of Embodiment 4 of this invention. Schematic which shows the desalination apparatus of Embodiment 5 of this invention. Schematic which shows the desalination apparatus of Embodiment 6 of this invention. Schematic which shows the desalination apparatus of Embodiment 7 of this invention. Schematic which shows the desalination apparatus of Embodiment 8 of this invention. Schematic which shows the desalination experiment apparatus of Example 1 of this invention. Schematic showing an example of a conventional desalination apparatus

Explanation of symbols

1 Raw water 2 Nozzle 3 Air inlet 4 Treatment device entrance 5 Atomization chamber 6 Raw water (atomization)
7 Adsorbent 8 Fan 9 Filter 10 Water 11 Dust collection filter 12 Organic gas filter 13 Rotating means 14 Regenerating means 15 Heat exchanger 16 Regenerating air path 17 Regenerating fan 18 Tank 19 Thermo-hygrometer 20 Control device 21 High humidity air path 22 Flat sheet 23 Wave sheet 24 Honeycomb structure 25 Treatment air passage 26 Regeneration air passage 27 Replacement means 28 Adsorbent (during adsorption)
29 Adsorbent (regenerating)
Reference Signs List 30 Heat exchanger 31 Cyclone device 32 Collection dish 33 Ultrasonic vibrator 34 Trap device 35 Raw water 36 Pump 37 Rotating device 38 Wall surface 39 Carburetor 40 Pump 41 High-speed air 42 Air passage (negative pressure)
43 Raw Water 44 Regeneration Unit 45 Dry Air 46 Regeneration Fan 47 Regeneration Fan 48 Sunlight 49 Heat Exchanger 50 Sunlight 51 Concentrator 52 Regeneration Fan 53 Acrylic Box 54 Ultrasonic Vibrator 55 Water Tank 56 Electronic Balance 57 Water Level (Constant)
58 Sodium chloride aqueous solution 59 Air intake port 60 Ventilation port for treatment (humidified air)
61 Heat exchanger 62 Adsorbent 63 Treatment fan 64 Heater 65 Tank 66 Fresh water

Claims (22)

The raw water atomizer and the adsorbent are provided in the former stage, and the adsorbent adsorbs the water in the raw water atomized, and the adsorbent is regenerated by the regenerator to obtain high humidity moisture. Fresh water is obtained by condensing fresh water. 2. The desalination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the atomization apparatus has a nozzle and is sprayed from a plurality of or one nozzle arranged by applying pressure to the raw water. The desalination apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the atomizing apparatus includes a raw water moving means, and the moved raw water is atomized by colliding with a wall surface and / or a floor surface. The desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the atomization apparatus includes a carburetor, and raw water is sprayed in a mist form by the carburetor. 5. An atomizer having an ultrasonic generator, applying ultrasonic vibration to the raw water, and diffusing water particles and water vapor into the air by vibration from an interface between the raw water and air. The desalination apparatus in any one. The desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the raw water atomization chamber is provided at the front stage and the rear stage is provided with an adsorbent so that the raw water atomized from the atomization apparatus does not diffuse and is accumulated in the room. . The desalination according to claim 6, characterized in that the raw water atomization chamber is provided in the previous stage so that the raw water atomized from the atomizer does not diffuse and is stored in the room, and the atomization chamber is set to a negative pressure. apparatus. The raw water atomization chamber is installed in the previous stage so that the raw water atomized from the atomizer is accumulated in the room, and the impurities in the raw water sink by gravity and accumulate in the room so that the impurities can be removed. The desalination apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the space is arranged in a portion below the adsorbent. The raw water atomization chamber is provided in the front stage so that the raw water atomized from the atomizer is stored in the room, and impurities in the raw water and water particles that have not been atomized fall down and accumulate in the lower part of the room. The desalination apparatus according to claim 6, wherein water can be stored so that impurities can be dissolved and water particles can be collected. 10. The filter according to claim 6, wherein at least one of a filter that adsorbs organic gas and a filter that collects dust is disposed at an air inlet through which air is blown into the atomizing chamber. Desalination equipment. A sensor that monitors both temperature and / or humidity is placed at the front and / or back of the raw water atomized from the atomizer into the adsorbent. Automatic switching device that can set multiple or any one of the adsorbent adsorption time, the amount of air introduced into the adsorbent, the regeneration time, the temperature of the regenerator, and the air volume of the regenerator The desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein one or both of alarms for notifying an operator of a change command are installed. The desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a fan is disposed downstream of the adsorbent, and water vapor atomized by the fan is introduced into the adsorbent. The moisture removed from the adsorbent by the regenerator is introduced into the heat exchanger, and is cooled by atomized air before being introduced into the adsorbent, thereby condensing and collecting water. The desalination apparatus in any one of thru | or 12. The desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the adsorbent is a honeycomb-like structure. The desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the adsorbent contains at least one of zeolite, silica gel, activated carbon, alumina oxide, and silica alumina. The adsorbent comprises at least a zeolite, silica gel, activated carbon, alumina oxide, silica alumina, or any one of the materials, and is supported on and inside the substrate processed into a honeycomb shape. Item 16. A desalination apparatus according to any one of Items 1 to 15. The adsorbent is circular and has rotating means for rotating the adsorbent. By rotating the adsorbent, the adsorbent is regenerated by adsorbing at the part of the circle and flowing warm air for regeneration through the remaining part. The desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein: The desalination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the desalination apparatus has a plurality of adsorbents, and repeats the time of adsorption for adsorbing water vapor and the time of regeneration for removing adsorbed water. The desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the regeneration air is a regeneration apparatus that introduces the outside air of the apparatus, which is dry compared to water vapor air before being introduced into the adsorbent. The desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the regenerator applies air to a material heated by sunlight and sends the regenerated air as dry hot air. The regenerator is characterized in that sunlight is collected and directly applied to the adsorbent, so that part or all of the adsorbent is heated and the regenerated air is applied to remove the adsorbed moisture. The desalination apparatus according to any one of 20. The desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein as the regenerator, the warm air exchanged with waste heat of 80 ° C or less is sent as regenerated air.

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