JP2007232362A - Cogeneration system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cogeneration system which achieves energy saving. <P>SOLUTION: The cogeneration system is provided with an exhaust heat type heating means N for heating water in a hot water storage tank 4 with heat generated in a cogeneration device 3, an auxiliary heating means M, and an operation control means 7. When the operation start of the cogeneration device 3 is commanded by a manually operated operation start command means 34, the operation control means 7 operates the cogeneration device 3 after the lapse of a delay time for power generation from the operation start command, and manages electric power load in time sequence, hot water supply heat load in time sequence, terminal heat load in time sequence at a heat consuming terminal, present electric power load requested at present, present hot water supply heat load requested at present, and present terminal heat load requested at present at the heat consuming terminal. Based on the managed information, a time zone for operation in which energy saving is achieved by the operation of the cogeneration device 3 is set, and the cogeneration device 3 is operated in the set time zone for operation. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention includes a combined heat and power device that generates heat and electric power, exhaust heat heating means that heats hot water in a hot water storage tank with heat generated by the combined heat and power device, and hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank. The present invention relates to a cogeneration system provided with auxiliary heating means for heating hot water when not running and operation control means for controlling operation.

  In the cogeneration system as described above, the combined heat and power unit is composed of a combination of a gas engine and a generator, a fuel cell, etc., and operates the combined heat and power unit and operates the exhaust heat type heating means. The hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank using the heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device, and even if no hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank, the auxiliary heating means is operated to The heated hot water is supplied with hot water.

  In the cogeneration system as described above, conventionally, a heat medium circulation means for circulatingly supplying the heat medium to the heat consuming terminal through the heat medium circulation path is provided, and the exhaust heat heating means is the heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device. The heating medium flowing through the heating medium circulation path is heated, and the operation control means operates the combined heat and power supply device and activates the exhaust heat heating means, whereby hot water into the hot water storage tank is operated. In addition to operating the combined heat and power supply device and operating the exhaust heat type heating means and the heat medium circulation means, the heat medium is supplied to the heat consuming terminal (see, for example, Patent Document 1). .

JP 2001-248909 A

In the conventional cogeneration system described above, a human-operated power generation switch is provided for instructing the start and stop of operation of the combined heat and power unit on the remote control, and the manpower for instructing the start and stop of operation of the heat-consuming terminal to the remote control for the terminal. An operational heating switch is provided.
The operation control means is configured to start the operation of the combined heat and power supply device when the operation start is instructed by the power generation switch or the heating switch.
Also, the operation control means stops the operation of the combined heat and power supply device when the operation stop is commanded by the power generation switch during the operation of the combined heat and power supply device, and stops the operation by the heating switch during the operation of the combined heat and power supply device. Then, when a set time (for example, 1 hour) elapses after the operation of the heat consuming terminal is started, the operation of the combined heat and power supply device is stopped.
In this way, the operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus is started or stopped by human operation.

Therefore, even when an operation start is commanded by a power generation switch or a heating switch due to an erroneous operation, the operation of the cogeneration device is started, and the cogeneration device is operated in accordance with an erroneous operation start command. Become.
And, since the combined heat and power unit takes 30 minutes for a combination of a gas engine and a generator, for example, 1 hour for a fuel cell, it takes time until the heat generated can be utilized. If the cogeneration device is operated by mistake, there is a disadvantage that the energy consumption becomes large.

  Further, in the conventional cogeneration system, when the operation stop is commanded by the heating switch during the operation of the combined heat and power supply device, the set time (for example, 1 hour) is simply set after the operation of the heat consuming terminal is started. Since the operation of the combined heat and power supply device has been stopped by the elapse of time, the energy consumption may be rather large.

  This invention is made paying attention to this point, and the objective is to provide the cogeneration system which can implement | achieve energy saving.

In order to achieve this object, the first characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention is a combined heat and power supply device that generates heat and electric power, and hot water in a hot water storage tank by heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device. In a cogeneration system provided with exhaust heat heating means for heating, auxiliary heating means for heating hot water when hot water is not stored in the hot water storage tank, and operation control means for controlling operation,
The operation control means, when the operation start command means of the manual operation type is instructed to start the operation of the combined heat and power supply device, when the power generation delay time has elapsed from the operation start instruction, the operation control means is operated. And configured as
Time-series power load, time-series hot water supply heat load, time-series terminal heat load at the heat-consuming terminal, current power load currently requested, current heat supply heat load currently requested, and the heat The current terminal thermal load currently requested in the consuming terminal is managed, and based on the managed information, an operation time zone in which energy saving can be realized by the operation of the combined heat and power unit is set, and the set time is set. It is in the point which is comprised so that the said heat-and-electric power supply apparatus may be drive | operated in the operating time slot | zone.

That is, when the operation control means is instructed to start the operation of the cogeneration device by human operation, the operation of the cogeneration device is operated when the power generation delay time has elapsed from the operation start command. Until the time elapses, the operation start of the combined heat and power supply apparatus can be delayed.
When the user notices that the operation start has been instructed due to an erroneous operation, the user immediately commands to stop the operation of the combined heat and power supply device by human operation.
Therefore, even if an operation start is commanded due to an erroneous operation, an instruction to stop the operation of the combined heat and power unit by manual operation is issued before the power generation delay time elapses from the erroneous operation start command. It is possible to prevent the cooperating device from being operated.
In addition, by setting the power generation delay time as short as possible, the operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus can be started as early as possible from the manual operation, and the manual operation can be respected as much as possible.

  From the above, while respecting human operation as much as possible, it is possible to prevent accidental operation of the combined heat and power unit by an operation start command due to erroneous operation, while following the user's intention as much as possible It has become possible to provide a cogeneration system that can save energy.

In addition, the time-series power load, the time-series hot water supply heat load, and the time-series terminal heat load are based on past usage conditions, and the current power load, the current hot water supply heat load, The terminal thermal load is based on the current usage status.
The operation control means realizes energy saving from time-series power load, time-series hot water supply heat load, time-series terminal heat load, current power load, current hot water supply heat load, and current terminal heat load. Since the possible driving time zone is set, it is possible to set the driving time zone in which energy saving can be realized in a state corresponding to the past usage status and the current usage status of the actual user.

  Therefore, the operation control means operates the combined heat and power unit in the operation time zone in which the energy saving set in a state corresponding to the past use state and the current use state of the actual user can be realized. Thus, energy saving can be realized in a state corresponding to the actual usage situation of the user.

A second characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention is a combined heat and power supply device that generates heat and electric power, and exhaust heat type heating means that heats the hot water in the hot water storage tank with the heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device. In the cogeneration system provided with auxiliary heating means for heating hot water when hot water is not stored in the hot water storage tank, and operation control means for controlling operation,
When the operation start command means of the manual operation type is instructed to start the operation of the cogeneration device, a confirmation means for performing a confirmation operation for confirming that the operation start instruction is correct is provided, and the operation control means includes: After the confirmation operation is performed by the confirmation means, the combined heat and power supply apparatus is operated.

In other words, the operation control means operates the combined heat and power supply device in a state where the operation start command by the manual operation is confirmed to be correct by the confirmation operation by the confirmation means, so that the operation start command by the manual operation is correct Only the cogeneration device will be operated.
Therefore, even if an operation start command is erroneously issued due to an erroneous operation, the confirmation operation by the confirmation means cannot confirm that the operation start command is correct, and as a result, the cogeneration device is erroneously operated. You can prevent that.

  From the above, it is possible to prevent the cogeneration system from being erroneously operated by an operation start command due to an erroneous operation, thereby providing a cogeneration system capable of realizing energy saving. It was.

A third characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention is a combined heat and power supply device that generates heat and electric power, and exhaust heat type heating means that heats the hot water in the hot water storage tank with heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device. In the cogeneration system provided with auxiliary heating means for heating hot water when hot water is not stored in the hot water storage tank, and operation control means for controlling operation,
A heat medium circulation means for circulatingly supplying the heat medium to the heat consuming terminal through the heat medium circulation path is provided, and the exhaust heat type heating means flows through the heat medium circulation path with heat generated by the heat and power supply device. The auxiliary heating means is configured to heat the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circuit,
When the operation start of the heat consumption terminal is instructed by the manually operated terminal operation start instruction means, a confirmation means for performing a confirmation operation for confirming that the operation start instruction is correct is provided,
The operation control means is configured to operate the cogeneration apparatus after the confirmation operation is performed by the confirmation means.

That is, the operation control means operates the combined heat and power supply apparatus in a state where the confirmation operation by the confirmation means confirms that the operation start command of the heat consuming terminal by human operation is correct. Only when the command is correct, the combined heat and power unit is operated.
Therefore, even if the operation start instruction of the heat consuming terminal is mistakenly caused by an erroneous operation, the confirmation operation by the confirmation means cannot confirm that the operation start instruction is correct. It will be possible to prevent driving.

  From the above, it is possible to prevent the cogeneration system from being erroneously operated by a command to start operation of the heat consuming terminal due to an erroneous operation, and a cogeneration system that can realize energy saving is achieved. I was able to provide it.

A fourth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention is a combined heat and power device that generates heat and electric power, and an exhaust heat heating means that heats hot water in the hot water storage tank with heat generated by the combined heat and power device. In the cogeneration system provided with auxiliary heating means for heating hot water when hot water is not stored in the hot water storage tank, and operation control means for controlling operation,
A heat medium circulation means for circulatingly supplying the heat medium to the heat consuming terminal through the heat medium circulation path is provided, and the exhaust heat type heating means flows through the heat medium circulation path with heat generated by the heat and power supply device. The auxiliary heating means is configured to heat the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circuit,
The operation control means is configured to manage a time-series hot water supply heat load, and the operation of the heat consuming terminal is stopped by a manually operated terminal operation stop command means during the operation of the cogeneration apparatus. When commanded, the operation of the combined heat and power supply device is continued, and the continuous operation of accumulating in the hot water storage tank preceding the time-series hot water supply heat load existing thereafter is stopped, and the operation of the combined heat and power supply device is stopped, and About the time-series hot water supply load that exists after that, it is configured to select the higher energy-saving one among the stop operations for starting the operation of the combined heat and power supply device again and operate the combined heat and power supply device. There is in point.

That is, when the operation control means is commanded to stop the operation of the heat consumption terminal by human operation during the operation of the combined heat and power supply device, it is assumed that the subsequent time-series hot water supply heat load is covered, and the continuous operation is performed. If the energy saving degree is higher than the stop operation, the continuous operation is performed, and if the stop operation is more energy saving than the continuous operation, Stop operation will be performed.
Therefore, when the set time (for example, 1 hour) elapses after the operation of the heat consuming terminal is started, the operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus is not stopped, but the subsequent time-series hot water supply heat load is reduced. In the state assumed to cover, the operation of the combined heat and power supply device can be performed to save energy, and energy saving can be realized.

  By the way, if the stop operation is performed, the operation of the combined heat and power supply is stopped, and if the continuous operation is performed, the subsequent time-series hot water supply heat load is accumulated in the hot water storage tank before the operation of the combined heat and power supply is performed. It will be stopped.

  From the above, assuming that the subsequent time-series hot water supply heat load will be covered, the operation of the combined heat and power supply device can be stopped according to the user's intention while performing an operation that saves energy. As a result, it has become possible to provide a cogeneration system that can realize energy saving while following the intention of the user as much as possible.

  A fifth feature configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention is any one of the second to fourth feature configurations described above, wherein the operation control means includes a time-series power load, a time-series hot water supply. Thermal load, time-series terminal heat load at the heat consuming terminal, current power load currently requested, current hot water heat load currently requested, and current terminal heat currently requested at the heat consuming terminal The load is managed, and based on the information managed, an operation time zone in which energy saving can be realized by operating the combined heat and power supply device is set, and the combined heat and power supply device is set in the set operation time zone. The point is that it is configured to drive.

That is, the time-series power load, the time-series hot water supply heat load, and the time-series terminal heat load are based on past usage conditions, and the current power load, the current hot water supply heat load, and the current load The terminal thermal load is based on the current usage status.
The operation control means realizes energy saving from time-series power load, time-series hot water supply heat load, time-series terminal heat load, current power load, current hot water supply heat load, and current terminal heat load. Since the possible driving time zone is set, it is possible to set the driving time zone in which energy saving can be realized in a state corresponding to the past usage status and the current usage status of the actual user.

  Therefore, the operation control means operates the combined heat and power unit in the operation time zone in which the energy saving set in a state corresponding to the past use state and the current use state of the actual user can be realized. Thus, energy saving can be realized in a state corresponding to the actual usage situation of the user.

A cogeneration system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[First Embodiment]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, this cogeneration system uses a combined heat and power supply device 3 configured to drive a power generation device 2 by a gas engine 1 and heat generated in the combined heat and power supply device 3. However, it comprises a hot water storage unit 6 for storing hot water in the hot water storage tank 4 and supplying a heat medium to the heat consuming terminal 5, an operation control unit 7 as operation control means for controlling the operation of the combined heat and power unit 3 and the hot water storage unit 6, and the like. Has been.

On the output side of the power generation device 2, an inverter 8 for system linkage is provided, and the inverter 8 makes the output power of the power generation device 2 the same voltage and the same frequency as the power supplied from the commercial system 9. It is configured.
The commercial system 9 is, for example, a single-phase three-wire system 100/200 V, and is electrically connected to a power load 11 such as a television, a refrigerator, or a washing machine via a commercial power supply line 10.
The inverter 8 is electrically connected to the commercial power supply line 10 via the cogeneration supply line 12, and the generated power from the power generator 2 is supplied to the power load 11 via the inverter 8 and the cogeneration supply line 12. It is configured to supply.

The commercial power supply line 10 is provided with power load measuring means 13 for measuring the load power of the power load 11, and this power load measuring means 13 generates a reverse power flow in the current flowing through the commercial power supply line 10. Whether or not to do so is also detected.
And the electric power supplied to the commercial power supply line 10 from the power generator 2 is controlled by the inverter 8 so that a reverse power flow does not occur, and the surplus power of the generated power is recovered by replacing the surplus power with heat. It is configured to be supplied to the heater 14.

The electric heater 14 is composed of a plurality of electric heaters, and is provided so as to heat the cooling water of the gas engine 1 flowing through the cooling water circulation path 15 by the operation of the cooling water circulation pump 17, and is connected to the output side of the inverter 8. ON / OFF is switched by the actuated switch 16.
The operation switch 16 is configured to adjust the power consumption of the electric heater 14 according to the amount of surplus power so that the power consumption of the electric heater 14 increases as the amount of surplus power increases. Yes.

  The hot water storage unit 6 has a hot water storage tank 4 for storing hot water in a state where temperature stratification is formed, a hot water circulation pump 19 for circulating hot water in the hot water storage tank 4 through the hot water circulation path 18, and a heat medium circulation path 20 through the heat medium circulation path 20. Heat medium circulating pump 21 serving as a heat medium circulating means for circulating supply to the heat consuming terminal 5, exhaust heat heat exchanger 22 for heating hot water flowing through the hot water circulation path 18, and heat flowing through the heat medium circulation path 20 A heat exchanger 23 for heating the medium, and a heat exchanger 26 for auxiliary heating for heating the hot water flowing through the hot water circulation path 18 by the combustion of the burner 25 in a state where the fan 24 is operated. It is configured.

In the exhaust heat heat exchanger 22, the hot water flowing through the hot water circulation path 18 is heated by passing the cooling water of the cooling water circulation path 15 that has recovered the heat generated in the combined heat and power supply device 3. It is configured.
The exhaust heat type heating means N is constituted by an exhaust heat type heat exchanger 22, and the auxiliary heating means M is constituted by a fan 24, a burner 25, and an auxiliary heating heat exchanger 26.
Incidentally, the auxiliary heating means M adjusts the combustion amount of the burner 25 so that the temperature of the hot water becomes the set temperature for heating medium heating to be supplied to the stored hot water temperature or the heat exchanger 23 for heating the heating medium. It is configured to be heated.

In the heat exchanger for heat medium heating 23, the hot water for the heat source heated by the exhaust heat heat exchanger 22 or the auxiliary heat exchanger 26 is allowed to flow, thereby allowing the heat medium circulation path 20 to flow. The heating medium is configured to be heated.
The said heat consumption terminal 5 is comprised by heating terminals, such as a floor heating apparatus and a bathroom heating apparatus.

The hot water circulation path 18 is connected to a take-out path 27 communicating with the lower part of the hot water storage tank 4 and a hot water storage path 28 communicating with the upper part of the hot water storage tank 4, and a hot water storage valve 29 is provided in the hot water storage path 28.
The hot water circulation path 18 is connected with the exhaust heat heat exchanger 22, the hot water circulation pump 19, the auxiliary heating heat exchanger 26, and the hot water flow in the order of the hot water circulation direction from the connection point with the extraction path 27. An intermittent valve 30 for intermittent connection and a heat exchanger for heat medium heating 23 are provided.

  Further, a hot water supply load measuring means 31 for measuring the hot water supply heat load when hot water taken out from the hot water storage tank 4 is supplied, and a terminal thermal load measuring means 32 for measuring the terminal heat load at the heat consuming terminal 5 are also provided. ing.

A cogeneration remote controller R1 for providing various commands to the operation control unit 7 is provided. The cogeneration remote controller R1 includes a mode selection switch 33 for selecting an automatic operation mode and a manual operation mode, and a combined heat and power supply in the manual operation mode. A power generation switch 34 is provided as an operation start command means for commanding start and stop of the operation of the device 3.
Further, a terminal remote controller R2 is provided which gives a command to the operation control unit 7 for operation of the heat consuming terminal 5, and terminal operation start command means for instructing the terminal remote controller R2 to start and stop the operation of the heat consuming terminal 5. A heating switch 35 is provided as terminal operation stop command means.
Incidentally, each of the mode selection switch 33, the power generation switch 34, and the heating switch 35 is an illuminated switch, and is configured so that the user can recognize the current state depending on whether it is turned on or off.

  The operation control unit 7 controls the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 3 and the operating state of the cooling water circulation pump 17 in a state where the cooling water circulation pump 17 is operated during the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 3. By controlling the operating state of the heat source circulation pump 21 and the heat medium circulation pump 23, the hot medium is stored in the hot water storage tank 4, or the heating switch 35 is turned on to supply the heat medium to the heat consuming terminal 5. It is comprised so that the heat-medium supply operation to perform may be performed.

  By the way, when hot water is supplied, if hot water at the set temperature for hot water storage is stored in the hot water storage tank 4, the hot water is supplied, and if hot water at the set temperature for hot water storage is not stored in the hot water storage tank 4, auxiliary heating is performed. The means M is operated to supply hot water heated by the auxiliary heating means M.

First, description is added about control of the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 3 by the operation control unit 7 in the automatic operation mode.
The operation control unit 7 performs a data update process for updating and storing time-series past load data for one day in a state of associating with a day of the week based on an actual use state, and stores the data every time the date changes. It is configured to perform predicted load calculation processing for obtaining one day of time-series predicted load data from the one day of time-series past load data.
And the operation control part 7 is the state which calculated | required the time series prediction load data for the 1st of the day, for example, it is operated at several second intervals from the time series prediction load data, whether the cogeneration apparatus 3 is operated. The energy conservation level reference value calculation process for obtaining the standard value for energy conservation level is performed, and whether or not the current energy conservation level exceeds the energy conservation level reference value determined in the energy conservation level reference value calculation process. Thus, the operation availability determination process for determining whether the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 3 is performed is performed.

  Thus, when it is determined that the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 3 is possible in the operation availability determination process, the operation control unit 7 sets, for example, one hour ahead as the operation time zone from the present time, When the combined heat and power supply device 3 is operated during the operation time period and it is determined that the combined operation of the combined heat and power supply device 3 is not possible, the combined operation of the combined heat and power supply device 3 is stopped.

  When the data update process is further described, one day of time-series past load data indicating how much power load, hot water supply heat load as a thermal load, and terminal heat load existed in which time zone of the day. Is updated and stored in a state of being associated with the day of the week.

First, time-series past load data will be described. Time-series past load data includes three types of time-series power load data, time-series hot water supply heat load data, and time-series terminal heat load data. As shown in FIG. 3, the time-series past load data for one day is stored in a state divided for each day of the week from Sunday to Saturday.
And the time-series past load data for one day includes 24 pieces of power load data per unit time, 24 pieces of hot water supply heat load data per unit time, and 1 hour out of 24 hours, and , It is composed of 24 pieces of terminal thermal load data per unit time.

The configuration for updating the past load data as described above will be described. From the actual usage situation, the actual power load per unit time, the actual hot water supply thermal load, and the actual terminal thermal load are determined as the power load measuring means. 13. Measured by hot water supply thermal load measurement means 31 and terminal thermal load measurement means 32, and when the measured actual power load, actual hot water supply thermal load, and actual terminal thermal load are stored for one day The sequential actual load data is stored in association with the day of the week.
When one day of time-series actual load data is stored for one week, the time-series past load data and the time-series actual load data are added at a predetermined ratio for each day of the week. Thus, the new time-series past load data is obtained, the obtained new time-series past load data is stored, and the time-series past load data is updated.

More specifically, taking Sunday as an example, as shown in FIG. 3, time-series past load data D1m corresponding to Sunday among time-series past load data and time-series actual load data Among them, new time-series past load data D1 (m + 1) corresponding to Sunday is obtained from the time-series actual load data A1 corresponding to Sunday by the following [Equation 1], and the obtained time-series Historical past load data D1 (m + 1) is stored.
In the following [Equation 1], D1m is time-series past load data corresponding to Sunday, A1 is time-series actual load data corresponding to Sunday, and K is a constant of 0.75. D1 (m + 1) is new time-series past load data.

[Equation 1]
D1 (m + 1) = (D1m × K) + {A1 × (1-K)}

When the predicted load calculation process is described, it is executed every time the date changes, such as 0 o'clock, and one day of how much power load, hot water supply heat load, and terminal heat load are predicted in which time zone of the day. It is configured to obtain minute time-series predicted load data.
That is, out of the seven past load data for each day of the week, the past load data corresponding to the day of the day and the actual load data of the previous day are added together at a predetermined ratio to determine how much power load and hot water supply in which time zone. It is configured so as to obtain time-series predicted load data for one day on whether the thermal load and the terminal thermal load are predicted.

Specifically, the case of obtaining the predicted load data for one day on Monday will be described as an example. As shown in FIG. 3, seven past load data D1m to D7m for each day of the week and seven actual load data A1 for each day of the week are shown. ~ A7 are stored, so the past load data D2m corresponding to Monday and the actual load data A1 corresponding to Sunday of the previous day are used to calculate the time series for one day on Monday by the following [Equation 2]. Predictive load data B is obtained.
As shown in FIG. 4, the predicted load data B for one day includes time-series predicted power load data for one day, time-series predicted hot water supply heat load data for one day, and data for one day. 4 includes time-series predicted terminal thermal load data, (a) in FIG. 4 indicates a time-series predicted power load for one day, and (b) in FIG. 4 indicates a time series for one day. 4 shows a typical predicted hot water supply heat load, and (c) in FIG. 4 shows a time series predicted terminal heat load for one day.
In the following [Equation 2], D2m is past load data corresponding to Monday, A1 is actual load data corresponding to Sunday, Q is a constant of 0.25, and B is a predicted load. Data.

[Equation 2]
B = (D2m × Q) + {A1 × (1-Q)}

  When the energy-saving standard value calculation processing is described, a combined heat and power supply device can cover the required hot water storage amount from the present time to the reference value time using the time-series predicted hot water supply thermal load data When the operation unit 3 is operated, the energy-saving standard value capable of realizing energy saving by operating the combined heat and power supply device 3 is obtained.

  For example, assuming that the unit time is 1 hour and the reference value time is 12 hours, first, from the predicted power load, predicted hot water supply thermal load, and predicted terminal thermal load based on time-series predicted load data, From [Equation 3], as shown in FIG. 5, the predicted energy-saving degree when the combined heat and power supply device 3 is operated is obtained for 12 hours every 12 hours, and the combined heat and power supply device 3 is operated. In this case, the predicted hot water storage amount that can be stored in the hot water storage tank 3 is obtained for 12 hours every 12 hours.

Specifically, if the current time is 0 o'clock, the predicted energy saving when the combined heat and power supply device 3 is operated from 0 o'clock to 1 o'clock is predicted as the predicted power load from 0 o'clock to 1 o'clock From the hot water supply heat load and the predicted terminal heat load, it is obtained by the following [Equation 3], and the predicted hot water storage amount when the combined heat and power supply device 3 is operated from 0 o'clock to 1 o'clock is also from 0 o'clock to 1 o'clock. The predicted power load, the predicted hot water supply heat load, and the predicted terminal heat load.
In this way, when the current time is 0:00, the predicted energy saving degree and the predicted hot water storage amount for every hour are obtained for 12 pieces up to 12:00.

[Equation 3]
Energy saving level P = {(EK1 + EK2 + EK3) / required energy of cogeneration apparatus 3} × 100

However, EK1 is a function with the effective power generation output E1 as a variable, EK2 is a function with E2 as a variable, EK3 is a function with E3 as a variable,
EK1 = Effective power generation output E1 power plant primary energy conversion value = f1 (Effective power generation output E1, required energy at the power plant)
EK2 = energy conversion value of conventional heating water heater with effective heating heat output E2 = f2 (effective heating heat output E2, burner efficiency (during heating))
EK3 = Effective hot water storage heat output E3 energy conversion value in conventional water heater = f3 (Effective hot water storage heat output E3, burner efficiency (during hot water supply))
Necessary energy of the combined heat and power supply device 3: 5.5 kW
(The amount of city gas required when the cogeneration unit 3 is operated for 1 hour is 0.433 m 3)
Unit power generation required energy: 2.8kW
Burner efficiency (heating): 0.8
Burner efficiency (with hot water supply): 0.9

  Moreover, each of the effective power generation output E1, the effective heating heat output E2, and the effective hot water storage heat output E3 is obtained by the following [Equation 4] to [Equation 6].

[Equation 4]
E1 = Power consumption at the power load 11 = Power generated by the combined heat and power supply device 3− (Power consumption of the electric heater 14 + Power consumption of various auxiliary machines)
Incidentally, the various auxiliary machines are devices and machines that are inherently and supplementarily used in this cogeneration system, such as the cooling water circulation pump 17 and the hot water circulation pump 19.

[Equation 5]
E2 = Amount of heat consumed by the heat-consuming terminal 5

[Equation 6]
E3 = (amount of heat generated in the combined heat and power supply device 3 + amount of heat recovered by the electric heater 14−an effective heating heat output E2) −a heat dissipation loss However, the amount of heat recovered by the electric heater 14 = the power consumption of the electric heater 14 × the heat efficiency of the heater. .

And in the state which calculated | required the prediction energy saving degree and prediction hot water storage amount for every 12 hours as shown in FIG. 5, it is first required from the time-sequential prediction hot water supply thermal load data to 12 hours ahead. The required amount of stored hot water is obtained, and the amount of hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 4 at the present time is subtracted from the required amount of stored hot water to obtain the necessary amount of stored hot water until 12 hours ahead.
For example, if a hot water supply heat load of 9.8 kW is predicted 12 hours later from the predicted hot water supply heat load data and the hot water storage amount in the hot water storage tank 4 is 2.5 kW at the present time, the time until 12 hours ahead The necessary hot water storage required for 7.3 kW is 7.3 kW.

  And in the state where the predicted hot water storage amount of the unit time is added, until the total predicted hot water storage amount reaches the required hot water storage amount, select from among the unit time for 12 units that has the highest predicted energy saving level I am going to go.

For example, when the required hot water storage amount is 7.3 kW as described above, first, as shown in FIG. 5, first, the unit from 7 hours to 8 hours ahead with the highest predicted energy saving degree is shown. Select the time, and add the predicted hot water storage amount per unit time.
Next, a unit time from 6 hours ahead to 7 hours ahead with a high predicted energy saving degree is selected, and the predicted hot water storage amount in the unit time is added, and the predicted hot water storage amount at that time is 1.1 kW.
Moreover, the unit time from 5 hours ahead to 6 hours ahead with the highest predicted energy saving degree is selected, and the predicted hot water storage amount in the unit time is added, and the predicted hot water storage amount at that time is 4.0 kW. .

In this way, when the selection of the unit time from the one with the high predicted energy saving value and the addition of the predicted hot water storage amount are repeated, the unit time from 8 hours to 9 hours ahead as shown in FIG. When is selected, the combined predicted hot water storage amount reaches 7.3 kW.
If it does so, the energy-saving degree of the unit time from 8 hours ahead to 9 hours ahead will be set as an energy-saving degree reference value, and in the thing shown in FIG.

  In addition to the description of the operation availability determination process, from the current power load currently requested, the current hot water heat load currently requested obtained from the predicted hot water supply heat load, and the current terminal heat load currently requested, When the current energy saving level is obtained by the above [Equation 3] and the current energy saving level exceeds the energy saving level reference value, it is determined that the cogeneration device 3 can be operated, and the current energy saving level is less than the energy saving level reference value. If so, it is determined that the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 3 is impossible.

In addition, when the operation start of the heat consuming terminal 5 is instructed by the heating switch 35, the operation control unit 7 sequentially performs an energy saving reference value calculation process and an operation availability determination process, and determines that the operation is possible in the operation availability determination process. If it does, it will be comprised so that the cogeneration apparatus 3 may be drive | operated.
When the current terminal thermal load currently requested by the heat consuming terminal 5 cannot be covered only by the heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device 3, the operation of the auxiliary heating means M is started.

  In this way, when the operation start is commanded by the heating switch 35, the operation control unit 7 performs the energy saving reference value calculation process and the operation availability determination process as the interrupt process, and determines that the operation is possible in the operation availability determination process. Then, when the combined heat and power supply device 3 is operated and the operation stop is commanded by the heating switch 35 during the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 3, a set time (for example, 1 When time elapses, the operation of the combined heat and power supply device is stopped.

  In the automatic operation mode, the case where the start of operation of the heat consuming terminal 5 is commanded by the heating switch 35 will be described based on the flowchart of FIG.

  First, when the operation start of the heat consuming terminal 5 is instructed by the heating switch 35, the energy saving reference value calculation process and the operation availability determination process are sequentially performed. In the operation availability determination process, it is determined that the operation of the cogeneration apparatus 3 is possible. Then, the cogeneration apparatus 3 is operated (steps 1 to 5).

  If it is determined that the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 3 is not possible in the operation permission / inhibition determination process, the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 3 is stopped (steps 4 and 6).

Next, description is added about control of the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 3 by the operation control unit 7 in the manual operation mode.
When the operation start of the cogeneration device 3 is instructed by the power generation switch 34, the operation control unit 7, when a delay time for power generation (for example, within 10 seconds) elapses from the operation start command, the cogeneration device 3. Is configured to drive.
Then, the operation control unit 7 delays the start of operation of the cogeneration device 3 by a delay time for power generation (for example, within 10 seconds), thereby preventing the cogeneration device 3 from being operated due to an erroneous operation of the power generation switch 34. Like to do.

  Incidentally, even in the automatic operation mode, the operation control unit 7 gives priority to the operation of the power generation switch 34 when the power generation switch 34 is operated while the combined heat and power supply apparatus 3 is stopped. Even in the automatic operation mode, if the power generation switch 34 is operated during the operation of the cogeneration apparatus 3, the operation of the power generation switch 34 is prioritized and the operation of the cogeneration apparatus 3 is stopped. It is configured.

The control operation of the operation control unit 7 in the manual operation mode will be described based on the flowchart of FIG.
When the operation start of the cogeneration device 3 is instructed by the power generation switch 34, the cogeneration device 3 is operated when a delay time for power generation (for example, within 10 seconds) elapses from the operation start command (step 11). ~ 13).
Then, when the operation of the cogeneration apparatus 3 is instructed by the power generation switch 34 during the operation of the cogeneration apparatus 3, the operation of the cogeneration apparatus 3 is stopped (steps 14 and 15).

The operation of the hot water storage operation and the heat medium supply operation by the operation control unit 7 will be described.
In the hot water storage operation, the operation of the cooling water circulation pump 17 during the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 3 causes the hot water circulation path 18 to flow with the cooling water flowing through the cooling water circulation path 15 in the exhaust heat heat exchanger 22. It is performed in a state where hot water can be heated.
Then, the hot water circulation pump 19 is operated, hot water is taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 4 to the hot water circulation path 18, and the hot water is heated through the exhaust heat heat exchanger 22. The hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank 4 at a set temperature for hot water storage.
Moreover, it is comprised so that the opening degree of the hot water storage valve 29 and the intermittent valve 30 may be adjusted so that the temperature of the hot water which passed the exhaust heat type heat exchanger 22 may become hot water storage preset temperature.

The heat medium supply operation is executed when the start of operation is commanded by the heating switch 35, and by operating the hot water circulation pump 19, at least the exhaust heat heat exchanger 22 and the auxiliary heating heat exchanger 26 are operated. On the other hand, hot water flowing through the hot water circulation path 18 is heated, and the heated hot water is circulated in a state of passing through the heat exchanger 23 for heat medium heating. The heating medium to be heated is circulated and supplied to the heat consuming terminal 5.
For example, the opening degree of the hot water storage opening / closing valve 27 and the intermittent valve 34 is adjusted so that the temperature of the hot water passing through the auxiliary heating heat exchanger 26 is 65 to 70 ° C.

Regarding the heating of the hot water flowing through the hot water circulation path 18, when the combined heat and power supply device 3 is in operation, the hot water is heated in the exhaust heat heat exchanger 22 by the operation of the cooling water circulation pump 17. It is configured.
If the current terminal heat load currently requested by the heat consuming terminal 5 is smaller than the heating amount in the exhaust heat heat exchanger 22, the current terminal heat currently requested by the heat consuming terminal 5 is used. The opening of the hot water storage valve 29 is adjusted so that hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank 4 while covering the load.

  In addition, when only the heat generated in the combined heat and power supply device 3 cannot cover the current terminal heat load currently required by the heat consuming terminal 5, or when the combined heat and power supply device 3 is not in operation, the auxiliary heating means By operating M, the auxiliary heating heat exchanger 26 is configured to heat hot water.

[Second Embodiment]
Since this 2nd Embodiment is another embodiment about the structure which operates the cogeneration apparatus 3 by instruct | indicating the driving | operation start of the cogeneration apparatus 3 by the electric power generation switch 34 in 1st Embodiment, Add a description centering on the points.
Incidentally, since other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

  Confirmation means is provided for performing a confirmation operation for confirming that the operation start command of the cogeneration apparatus 3 by the power generation switch 34 and the operation start command of the heat consuming terminal 5 by the heating switch 35 are correct, and the operation control unit 7 However, after the confirmation operation is performed by the confirmation means, the combined heat and power supply device 3 is operated.

For example, when the start of operation is commanded by the power generation switch 34 or the heating switch 35, the remote controllers R1 and R2 display, for example, the characters “Start operation of the combined heat and power supply device” or by voice. If the operation of inquiring “I will start the operation of the combined heat and power supply device” is performed, and the power generation switch 34 or the heating switch 35 is not operated again until the set time elapses from the operation, the power generation switch 34 or the heating switch 35 It is configured to perform a confirmation operation to confirm that the operation start command is correct.
And a confirmation means is comprised by remote control R1, R2, and after confirming that the instruction | command of the operation start by the power generation switch 34 or the heating switch 35 is correct in R1, R2, the operation control part 7 of the cogeneration apparatus 3 It is comprised so that a driving | operation may be started.

  For the confirmation operation, various operations such as blinking a lamp can be performed in addition to displaying characters and voices. After the operation, when the power generation switch 34 or the heating switch 35 is operated again, You may comprise so that the instruction | command of the operation start by the electric power generation switch 34 or the heating switch 35 may be confirmed.

  Incidentally, in the second embodiment, the operation control unit 7 is configured to start the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 3 after confirming that the operation start command by the power generation switch 34 is correct with the remote controllers R1 and R2. However, by combining this configuration with the configuration described in the first embodiment, the operation control unit 7 confirms that the operation start command by the power generation switch 34 is correct in the cogeneration remote controller R1, and then It is also possible to configure and carry out the operation of the cogeneration apparatus 3 when a delay time for power generation (for example, within 10 seconds) elapses from the operation start command.

[Third Embodiment]
Since this 3rd Embodiment is another embodiment about the structure which stops the driving | operation of the cogeneration apparatus 3 in 1st Embodiment, it adds description centering on the point.
Incidentally, since other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

  In the automatic operation mode, when the operation stop of the heat consuming terminal 5 is instructed by the heating switch 35 during the operation of the cogeneration device 3, the operation control unit 7 continues the operation of the cogeneration device and thereafter Continuing operation in which the existing time-series hot water supply heat load is accumulated in the hot water storage tank in advance, and the operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus is stopped, and the time-series hot water supply load existing thereafter is again the heat and power supply apparatus. Among the stop operations for starting the operation, the one with the higher energy saving level is selected to operate the combined heat and power supply apparatus.

  If it adds explanation, operation control part 7 will stop operation of heat consumption terminal 5 in heating switch 35, when set time (for example, 15 minutes) has passed since it operated cogeneration apparatus 3 in automatic operation mode. When commanded, with the assumption that the subsequent time-series hot water supply heat load will be covered, an operation selection process is performed to determine which of the continuous operation and the stop operation has a higher degree of energy saving. If the continuous operation has a higher energy conservation level than the stop operation, the continuous operation is performed. If the stop operation has a higher energy conservation level than the continuous operation, the stop operation is performed.

  For example, when the operation selection process is described by taking as an example a case where the predicted hot water supply heat load is predicted in a unit time 3 hours after the current time, the operation is selected after 3 hours by operating the combined heat and power supply device 3. Assuming that the predicted hot water supply heat load is covered, the energy saving rate Q1 in the continuous operation is obtained by the following [Equation 7], and the energy saving rate Q2 in the stop operation is obtained by the following [Equation 8]. Therefore, it is determined which one of the energy saving rate Q1 in the continuous operation and the energy saving rate Q2 in the stop operation that is obtained is higher.

In the continuous operation, since the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 3 is continued from the present time, the predicted hot water supply heat load after 3 hours is stored in the hot water storage tank 4 in advance, so the energy saving rate Q1 in the continuous operation is It is obtained in a state including the amount of heat released from the hot water storage tank 4 until 3 hours after the present time.
In the stop operation, the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 3 is stopped at the present time, and the predicted hot water supply heat load after 3 hours is operated again, so that the combined heat and power supply device 3 after 3 hours is operated. Is obtained in a state including a start-up loss when the cogeneration apparatus 3 is operated after 3 hours.

[Equation 7]
Q1 = GΔt / {(GΔt × μE / μCP) + GΔt × μH × (1-HLoss)}

However, GΔt is a gas amount or calorie conversion gas when operated for t hours from the present time, μE is power generation efficiency, and μCP is power generation when receiving supply from a power supply company such as a thermal power plant. It is efficiency, μH is an exhaust heat rate, and HLoss is a percentage conversion value of heat dissipation loss until the heat previously stored in the hot water storage tank 4 is used.
Incidentally, regarding the power generation efficiency of μE, when the surplus power of the combined heat and power supply device 3 is converted into heat by the electric heater 14, the power generation efficiency is obtained by subtracting the surplus power, and the exhaust heat rate of μH is combined with the heat and power supply. When the surplus electric power of the apparatus 3 is converted into heat by the electric heater 14, it is set as a substantial exhaust heat rate to which the surplus electric power is added.
Moreover, about the heat loss of HLoss, since the estimated hot water supply heat load is predicted in the unit time after 3 hours, it is set as the percentage conversion value of the heat loss for 3 hours.

[Equation 8]
Q2 = GΔt / {GΔt × μE / μCP) + GΔt × μH × (1-KLoss)}

Where G is the predicted amount of predicted hot water supply heat load, Δt is the time for which the combined heat and power supply device 3 is operated, μE is the power generation efficiency, μCP is the power of a thermal power plant, etc. The power generation efficiency in the case of receiving supply from a supplier, μH is the exhaust heat rate, and KLoss is the start-up loss when operating the combined heat and power supply device 3 to cover the time-series hot water supply heat load.
Incidentally, regarding the power generation efficiency of μE, when the surplus power of the combined heat and power supply device 3 is converted into heat by the electric heater 14, the power generation efficiency is obtained by subtracting the surplus power, and the exhaust heat rate of μH is combined with the heat and power supply. When the surplus electric power of the apparatus 3 is converted into heat by the electric heater 14, it is set as a substantial exhaust heat rate to which the surplus electric power is added.
Moreover, about the Kloss start-up loss, since the predicted hot water supply heat load is predicted in the unit time after 3 hours, it is set as the start-up loss when operating the combined heat and power supply device 3 after 3 hours.

The control operation of the operation control unit 7 in the third embodiment will be described based on the flowchart of FIG.
When the operation of the heat consuming terminal 5 is instructed by the heating switch 35 during the operation of the cogeneration apparatus 3, operation selection processing is performed (steps 21 to 23).
In the operation selection process, if the energy saving rate Q1 in the continuous operation is higher than the energy saving rate Q2 in the stop operation, the continuous operation is performed. If the energy saving rate Q2 in the stop operation is equal to or higher than the energy saving rate Q1 in the continuous operation, the stop operation is performed. (Steps 24-26).

[Another embodiment]
(1) In the second embodiment, when the remote controller R1 or R2 as confirmation means is instructed to start operation by the power generation switch 34 or the heating switch 35, the confirmation operation for confirming the operation start command is performed. However, the confirmation means confirms the operation start command only by the command for starting the operation of the cogeneration apparatus 3 by the power generation switch 34 or only by the command for starting the operation of the heat consuming terminal 5 by the heating switch 35. It is also possible to carry out the operation.

(2) In the first to third embodiments, the automatic operation mode and the manual operation mode are provided. However, the automatic operation mode only or the manual operation mode can be provided.

(3) In the first to third embodiments, the operation control unit 7 performs the data update process, the predicted load calculation process, the energy saving reference value calculation process, and the operation availability determination process, thereby enabling the predicted power load and the predicted heat. Although the operation time zone is set based on the load, the configuration for setting the operation time zone can be appropriately changed.

(4) In the first to third embodiments, the electric heater 14 is configured to heat the cooling water of the gas engine 1, but the electric heater 14 heats the hot water in the hot water storage tank 4. It is also possible to configure and implement.

(5) In the first to third embodiments, the heat and power supply device 3 is exemplified by driving the power generation device 2 by the gas engine 1. However, for example, a fuel cell can be applied as the heat and power supply device. is there.

Schematic configuration diagram of cogeneration system Control block diagram for cogeneration system Explanatory drawing in data update processing Graph showing time-series forecast load for one day Explanatory drawing in energy saving standard value calculation processing Flow chart showing control operation in automatic operation mode Flow chart showing control operation in manual operation mode The flowchart which shows the control action in 3rd Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 Cogeneration apparatus 4 Hot water storage tank 5 Heat consumption terminal 7 Operation control means 20 Heat medium circulation path 21 Heat medium circulation means 34 Operation start command means 35 Terminal operation start command means and terminal operation stop command means N Waste heat heating means M Auxiliary heating Means R Confirmation means

Claims (3)

A combined heat and power device for generating heat and electric power, exhaust heat heating means for heating hot water in the hot water storage tank with heat generated by the combined heat and power device, and when hot water is not stored in the hot water storage tank A cogeneration system provided with auxiliary heating means for heating hot water and operation control means for controlling operation,
The operation control means, when the operation start command means of the manual operation type is instructed to start the operation of the combined heat and power supply device, when the power generation delay time has elapsed from the operation start instruction, the operation control means is operated. And configured as
Time-series power load, time-series hot water supply heat load, time-series terminal heat load at the heat-consuming terminal, current power load currently requested, current heat supply heat load currently requested, and the heat The current terminal thermal load currently requested in the consuming terminal is managed, and based on the managed information, an operation time zone in which energy saving can be realized by the operation of the combined heat and power unit is set, and the set time is set. A cogeneration system configured to operate the combined heat and power supply device during the operating time zone. A combined heat and power device for generating heat and electric power, exhaust heat heating means for heating hot water in the hot water storage tank with heat generated by the combined heat and power device, and when hot water is not stored in the hot water storage tank A cogeneration system provided with auxiliary heating means for heating hot water and operation control means for controlling operation,
When the operation start command means of the manual operation type is instructed to start the operation of the cogeneration apparatus, a confirmation means for performing a confirmation operation for confirming that the operation start instruction is correct is provided,
The operation control means is configured to operate the combined heat and power supply device after the confirmation operation is performed by the confirmation means, and a time-series power load, a time-series hot water supply heat load, heat consumption Managing the time-series terminal heat load in the terminal, the current power load currently requested, the current hot water heat load currently requested, and the current terminal heat load currently requested in the heat consuming terminal, Based on the managed information, it is configured to set an operation time zone in which energy saving can be realized by operation of the combined heat and power supply device, and to operate the combined heat and power supply device in the set operation time zone. Cogeneration system. A combined heat and power device for generating heat and electric power, exhaust heat heating means for heating hot water in the hot water storage tank with heat generated by the combined heat and power device, and when hot water is not stored in the hot water storage tank A cogeneration system provided with auxiliary heating means for heating hot water and operation control means for controlling operation,
A heat medium circulation means for circulatingly supplying the heat medium to the heat consuming terminal through the heat medium circulation path is provided, and the exhaust heat type heating means flows through the heat medium circulation path with heat generated by the heat and power supply device. The auxiliary heating means is configured to heat the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circuit,
When the operation start of the heat consumption terminal is instructed by the manually operated terminal operation start instruction means, a confirmation means for performing a confirmation operation for confirming that the operation start instruction is correct is provided,
The operation control means is configured to operate the combined heat and power supply device after the confirmation operation is performed by the confirmation means, and a time-series power load, a time-series hot water supply heat load, and the heat Managing the time-series terminal thermal load in the consuming terminal, the current power load currently requested, the current hot water heat load currently requested, and the current terminal thermal load currently requested in the heat consuming terminal And, based on the information managed, configured to set an operation time zone capable of realizing energy saving by operation of the combined heat and power supply device, and to operate the combined heat and power supply device during the set operation time zone Cogeneration system.

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