JP2006118748A - Cogeneration system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cogeneration system being operated to generate heat in accordance with heat load. <P>SOLUTION: An outside air temperature detecting means 34 for detecting an outside air temperature or a water temperature detecting means 38 for detecting a water temperature variable in accordance with the outside air temperature, is mounted, an operation control means is constituted to manage time-sequential heat load information while making a distinction between a time when a heating operation by operating a heat medium circulating means 23 is implemented and a time when the heating operation is not implemented, whether the heating operation is implemented or not is predicted on the basis of a temperature detected by the outside air temperature detecting means 34 or the water temperature detecting means 38, an operating condition is set on the basis of the managed time-sequential heat load information on the assumption that the heating operation is to be implemented when it is predicted that the heating operation is implemented, and an operating condition is set on the basis of the managed time-sequential heat load on the assumption that the heating operation is not to be implemented when it is predicted that the heating operation is not implemented. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

The present invention relates to a combined heat and power supply device that generates electric power and heat, a heating medium circulating means that circulates and supplies a heating medium to a heating terminal through a heating medium circulation path, and heat generated in the combined heat and power supply device. Exhaust heat type heating means for heating the hot water and the heating medium flowing through the heating medium circulation path, and an operation control means for controlling the operation are provided,
The operation control means manages time-series power load information and time-series heat load information, sets operation conditions of the combined heat and power unit based on the managed information, and sets the operation conditions. The present invention relates to a cogeneration system configured to operate the cogeneration apparatus.

Such a cogeneration system is installed in, for example, a general household, and operates the cogeneration device by the operation control means and operates the exhaust heat type heating means to supply the electric power generated by the cogeneration device to the electric equipment. At the same time, heat generated from the combined heat and power supply device is stored in a hot water storage tank as a heat source, or the heating target area is heated by a heating terminal. When heating the heating target area, the heat medium circulating means The heating medium is circulated and supplied to the heating terminal through the heating medium circulation path.
Then, for example, time-series power load information and time-series heat load information within a set period such as one day are managed, and the operating conditions of the combined heat and power supply apparatus are set based on the managed information. Thus, the combined heat and power device is to be operated under the set operating conditions.
Incidentally, the combined heat and power supply apparatus is configured to include a generator and an engine that drives the generator, or includes a fuel cell.

  In such a cogeneration system, conventionally, as time-series heat load information, time-series hot water supply heat load information and time-series heating heat load information are always managed, and always time-series Based on the management information of general power load information, time-series hot water supply heat load information, and time-series heating heat load information, set the operating conditions of the combined heat and power unit, and combine heat and power under the set operating conditions The apparatus was to be operated (for example, see Patent Document 1).

JP 2002-138902 A

By the way, whether or not the heating target area is heated by the heating terminal is generally easily influenced by the outside air temperature. For example, in the intermediate period between the cooling period in which cooling is performed and the heating period in which heating is performed, whether or not heating is performed depends on the outside air temperature. When the temperature is high, heating may not be performed, and heating is not always performed.
And, for example, in the case where the instruction whether or not to execute the heating operation for operating the heat medium circulating means is performed by the user's manual operation, whether or not the user is instructed to execute the heating operation. It is easily affected by outside air temperature.

  However, conventionally, as time series heat load information, time series hot water supply heat load information and time series heating heat load information are always managed and operating conditions are set. During the heating period, when the operating conditions are set based on the management information of the heat load information in which the heating heat load is generated and the combined heat and power unit is operated under the operating conditions, the heating operation is executed. When the heat medium circulation means is not operated without being commanded, the combined heat and power supply device is operated so as to generate useless heat, and based on the management information of the heat load information in which no heating heat load is generated When the operating conditions are set and the combined heat and power unit is operated under the operating conditions, when the execution of the heating operation is commanded and the heat medium circulating means is operated, the heat is insufficient. Auxiliary heating to make up for lack of heat There will be operated.

  In other words, the amount of hot water stored in the hot water storage tank varies depending on the presence or absence of the heating operation because the heat generated in the combined heat and power supply device is stored in the hot water storage tank. When the operating conditions are set based on the management information of the heat load information in which the heating heat load is generated and the heating operation is not commanded, the amount of stored hot water increases with respect to the hot water supply heat load, and the heat is dissipated. On the other hand, when operating conditions are set based on the management information of the thermal load information where heating loss is not generated and heating operation is commanded, hot water is stored for the hot water supply thermal load. The quantity will be reduced and the auxiliary heater will be activated.

  Therefore, conventionally, there has been a problem that it is difficult to operate the cogeneration system so as to generate heat according to the heat load.

  This invention is made | formed in view of this situation, The objective is to provide the cogeneration system which can be drive | operated so that the heat | fever according to a thermal load may be generate | occur | produced.

The cogeneration system of the present invention comprises a combined heat and power supply device that generates electric power and heat, a heat medium circulation means that circulates and supplies a heat medium to a heating terminal through a heat medium circulation path, and heat generated by the heat and power supply device. Exhaust heat heating means for heating the hot water in the hot water storage tank and the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circulation path, and an operation control means for controlling the operation are provided,
The operation control means manages time-series power load information and time-series heat load information, sets operation conditions of the combined heat and power unit based on the managed information, and sets the operation conditions. Configured to operate the combined heat and power unit,
The first characteristic configuration is provided with an outside air temperature detecting means for detecting an outside air temperature or a water temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of water whose temperature varies according to the outside air temperature,
The operation control means is configured to manage the time-series heat load information by distinguishing between when the heating operation for operating the heat medium circulation means is performed and when the heating operation is not performed, And when it predicts whether the said heating operation is performed based on the detected temperature of the said external temperature detection means or the said water temperature detection means, and when it predicts that the said heating operation is performed, the said heating operation is performed The operation condition is set based on the time-series heat load information managed as being performed, and when it is predicted that the heating operation is not performed, the heating operation is managed as not being performed. The present invention is characterized in that the operation condition is set based on time-series heat load information.

That is, the outside air temperature is detected by the outside air temperature detecting means, or the water temperature is detected by the water temperature detecting means. Incidentally, as water whose temperature fluctuates according to the outside air temperature, for example, there is water in a water supply or water in a water receiving tank.
The operation control means manages the time-series heat load information separately when the heating operation is executed and when the heating operation is not executed.
The operation control means predicts whether or not the heating operation is executed based on the temperature detected by the outside air temperature detection means or the water temperature detection means, and when the heating operation is predicted to be executed, the heating operation is executed. If the operating conditions are set based on the time-series heat load information managed as the time when the heating operation is performed and it is predicted that the heating operation will not be performed, the time-series heat managed as the time when the heating operation is not performed Set the operating conditions based on the load information.

In other words, it is possible to predict whether or not the heating operation will be performed based on the level of the outside air temperature or the temperature of the water whose temperature fluctuates according to the outside air temperature. An air temperature detecting means or a water temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of water whose temperature fluctuates according to the outside air temperature is provided, and the heating control is executed by the operation control means based on the detected temperature of the outside air temperature detecting means or the water temperature detecting means. Predict whether or not
The operation control means distinguishes the time-series heat load information between when the heating operation is performed and when the heating operation is not performed, that is, in addition to the time-series hot water supply heat load. Management with and without a typical heating heat load.
When the operation control means predicts that the heating operation is to be executed, the operation condition is set based on the time-series heat load information managed as the time when the heating operation is executed, and the heating operation is executed. When it is predicted that the heating operation will not be executed, the operation condition is set based on the time-series heat load information managed as the time when the heating operation is not executed. When the combined heat and power supply is operated so as to generate heat to cover both the heating load and heating heat load as much as possible, and when it is predicted that the heating operation will not be performed, heat is generated to cover only the hot water supply heat load as much as possible. It is possible to operate the cogeneration apparatus.
In short, when the outside air temperature is low and there is a high possibility that the heating operation will be performed, the outside air temperature is high so that heat is generated to cover both the hot water heating load and the heating heat load within the set cycle as much as possible. When the possibility that the heating operation is performed is low, the cogeneration system can be automatically operated so as to generate heat so as to cover only the hot water supply heat load within the set cycle as much as possible.
In other words, the amount of stored hot water is reduced with respect to the hot water supply heat load and the auxiliary heat source unit is suppressed from operating, and the amount of stored hot water is increased with respect to the hot water supply heat load and heat dissipation loss is increased. As described above, it becomes possible to operate the cogeneration apparatus.
Therefore, it has become possible to provide a cogeneration system that can be operated so as to generate heat according to the heat load.

In addition to the first feature configuration, the second feature configuration is
An electric heater is provided for converting surplus power of the combined heat and power supply device into heat for heating the heating medium flowing through the heating medium circulation path;
The operation control means is configured to operate the cogeneration apparatus so as to generate surplus power.

That is, the operation control means operates the cogeneration apparatus so as to generate surplus power.
And the surplus electric power of the combined heat and power supply device is converted into heat by the electric heater, and the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circulation path is heated by the heat.

In other words, in such a cogeneration system, in order to compensate for the shortage of heat generated from the combined heat and power supply, usually with respect to the hot water supply heating load and the heating heat load, a burner or an electric heater is used as a heat source. However, if the auxiliary heater supplements the heat for heating, it is difficult to save energy by operating the cogeneration system.
Therefore, by operating the combined heat and power device so as to generate surplus power, and heating the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circuit using the surplus power of the combined heat and power device, the auxiliary heater is The cogeneration system can be operated to generate heat to cover both the hot water heating load and the heating heat load with the auxiliary heater operating while not operating or consuming as little energy as possible. Thus, energy efficiency can be improved.
Therefore, it has become possible to provide a cogeneration system that can be operated so as to generate heat according to a heat load while improving energy efficiency.

A cogeneration system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, this cogeneration system recovers heat output from the combined heat and power supply device 1 that generates electric power and heat, and the combined heat and power supply device 1 with cooling water. Is used to store hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 and supply a heating medium to the heating terminal 3, and an operation control unit 5 as operation control means for controlling the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 1 and hot water storage unit 4. It is composed of In this embodiment, the cogeneration apparatus 1 includes a generator 1g and a gas engine 1e that drives the generator 1g.

Gas fuel is supplied to the gas engine 1e at a set flow rate (for example, 0.433 m ³ / h) so that the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 is rated. In the rated operation, the thermoelectric The generated power of the cogeneration device 1 is substantially constant at the rated generated power (for example, 1 kW).
An inverter 6 for system linkage is provided on the output side of the generator 1g, and the inverter 6 sets the output power of the generator 1g to the same voltage and the same frequency as the power supplied from the commercial system 7. It is configured.
The commercial system 7 is, for example, a single-phase three-wire system 100/200 V, and is electrically connected to a power load 9 such as a television, a refrigerator, or a washing machine via a commercial power supply line 8.
Further, the inverter 6 is electrically connected to the commercial power supply line 8 via the cogeneration supply line 10, and the generated power from the combined heat and power supply device 1 is supplied to the power load 9 via the inverter 6 and the cogeneration supply line 10. It is comprised so that it may be supplied to.

The commercial power supply line 8 is provided with a commercial power measuring unit P1 that measures the commercial power supplied through the commercial power supply line 8, and the cogeneration supply line 10 includes A generated power measuring unit P2 for measuring generated power is provided, and the commercial power measuring unit P1 is configured to detect whether or not a reverse power flow occurs in the current flowing through the commercial power supply line 8. .
And the electric power supplied from the cogeneration apparatus 1 to the commercial power supply line 8 is controlled by the inverter 6 so that the reverse power flow does not occur, and the surplus power of the generated power is recovered by replacing the surplus power with heat. It is configured to be supplied to the electric heater 12.

The electric heater 12 is composed of a plurality of electric heaters, and is provided so as to heat the cooling water of the cogeneration device 1 that flows through the cooling water circulation path 13 by the operation of the cooling water circulation pump 15. ON / OFF is switched by the connected operation switch 14.
The operation switch 14 is configured to adjust the power consumption of the electric heater 12 according to the amount of surplus power so that the power consumption of the electric heater 12 increases as the amount of surplus power increases. Yes.

  The hot water storage unit 4 stores hot water in a state where temperature stratification is formed, the hot water storage pump 2 for circulating hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 through the hot water storage tank 2, the hot water circulation path 16, and the hot water for heat source through the heat source circulation path 20. A heat source circulation pump 21 for circulating the heat, a heat medium circulation pump 23 serving as a heat medium circulation means for circulating and supplying the heat medium to the heating terminal 3 through the heat medium circulation path 22, and hot water storage for heating hot water flowing through the hot water circulation path 16. Heat exchanger 24, heat source heat exchanger 25 that heats the hot water for heat source flowing through the heat source circulation path 20, and heat medium heating heat exchanger 26 that heats the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circulation path 22. The hot water is taken out from the hot water storage tank 2 and flows through the hot water supply passage 33 and the auxiliary heater M for heating the hot water for heat source flowing through the heat source circulation passage 20 and the like.

The hot water circulation path 16 is branched and connected so that a part thereof is in parallel, a three-way valve 18 is provided at the connection location, and a radiator 19 is provided in the branched flow path. Yes.
Then, by switching the three-way valve 18, the hot water taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 is circulated so as to pass through the radiator 19, and the hot water taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 is circulated so as to bypass the radiator 19. It is comprised so that it may switch to the state to be made to.

The hot water supply path 33 is connected to the hot water storage tank 2 via the hot water circulation path 16 so that hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is supplied to a hot water supply destination such as a bathtub, a hot water tap, and a shower through the hot water supply path 33. It has become.
The heat source circulation path 20 is provided so as to form a circulation path in a state where a part of the hot water supply path 33 is shared.

  The auxiliary heater M includes an auxiliary heating heat exchanger 29 provided in a shared portion of the hot water supply path 33 with the heat source circulation path 20, a burner 28 for heating the auxiliary heating heat exchanger 29, and the burner. 28 is provided with a fan 27 and the like for supplying combustion air.

In the hot water storage heat exchanger 24, hot water flowing through the hot water circulation path 16 is heated by passing the cooling water of the cooling water circulation path 13 that has recovered the heat output from the cogeneration apparatus 1. It is configured.
In the heat source heat exchanger 25, the heat source hot water flowing through the heat source circulation path 20 is made to flow through the cooling water of the cooling water circulation path 13 that has recovered the heat output from the cogeneration apparatus 1. It is configured to be heated.
Further, the heat source circulation path 20 is provided with a heat source intermittent valve 40 for intermittently flowing the heat source hot water.
In the heat exchanger for heat medium heating 26, the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circulation path 22 is passed by flowing hot water for the heat source heated by the heat exchanger for heat source 25 or the auxiliary heater M. It is configured to be heated.
The heating terminal 3 is composed of a floor heating device, a bathroom heating device, or the like, and a heating remote controller 36 including a heating switch 35 for instructing start and stop of a heating operation for heating a heating target area by the heating terminal 3 is provided. Is provided.

  That is, the exhaust heat type heating means H includes the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 and the heat source heat exchanger 25.

The cooling water circulation path 13 is branched into a hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side and a heat source heat exchanger 25 side, and the flow rate of the cooling water to be passed to the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side and the heat source use are branched at the branch points. A diversion valve 30 is provided for adjusting the ratio of the flow rate of the cooling water to be passed to the heat exchanger 25 side.
The diverter valve 30 allows the entire amount of cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 13 to flow to the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side, or allows the entire amount of cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 13 to flow to the heat source heat exchanger 25 side. It is comprised so that it can also be made.

Further, a hot water supply heat load measuring means 31 for measuring the hot water supply heat load when supplying hot water taken out from the hot water storage tank 2 is provided, and a heating heat load measuring means 32 for measuring the heating heat load at the heating terminal 3 is also provided. ing. The hot water supply heat load measuring means 31 and the heating heat load measuring means 32 are not shown in the figure, but a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of flowing hot water or a heat medium, a flow rate sensor for detecting a flow rate of the hot water or the heat medium, and the like. The hot water supply heat load and the heating heat load are detected based on the detected temperature of the temperature sensor and the detected flow rate of the flow rate sensor.
An outside air temperature sensor 34 is provided as outside air temperature detecting means for detecting the outside air temperature.

  The operation control unit 5 controls the operation of the cogeneration device 1 and the operation state of the cooling water circulation pump 15 while operating the cooling water circulation pump 15 during the operation of the cogeneration device 1, and the hot water circulation pump 17, By controlling the operating state of the heat source circulation pump 21 and the heat medium circulation pump 23, hot water storage operation for storing hot water in the hot water storage tank 2, or heating for heating the heating target area by supplying the heating medium to the heating terminal 3 It is configured to drive.

Next, the operation of the hot water storage operation and the heat medium supply operation by the operation control unit 5 will be described.
The hot water storage operation is performed by operating the cooling water circulation pump 15 during operation of the combined heat and power supply device 1, and hot water flowing through the hot water circulation path 16 using the cooling water flowing through the cooling water circulation path 13 in the hot water storage heat exchanger 24. Is carried out in a state where it can be heated.
Then, the three-way valve 18 is switched to a state in which hot water taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 is circulated so as to bypass the radiator 19, and the hot water circulation pump 17 is operated to supply hot water from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2. 16, the hot water is heated by passing through a hot water storage heat exchanger 24, and then returned to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2 so as to be stored in the hot water storage tank 2.

  Although not shown in the drawings, a hot water storage amount detecting means for detecting the hot water storage amount of the hot water storage tank 2 is provided, and when the hot water storage amount detecting means detects that the hot water storage amount in the hot water storage tank 2 is full. The three-way valve 18 is switched to a state in which hot water taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 is circulated so as to pass through the radiator 19, and the radiator 19 is operated so that the hot water taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 is After radiating heat, the exhaust heat heat exchanger 24 is passed and heated.

  In the heating operation, when the start of the heating operation is instructed by the heating switch 35 of the heating remote controller 36, the heat source circulation pump 21 and the heat medium circulation pump 23 are operated in a state where the heat source intermittent valve 40 is opened. The heat source hot water is heated in at least one of the heat source heat exchanger 25 and the auxiliary heating heat exchanger 29, and the heated heat source hot water passes through the heat medium heating heat exchanger 26. The heat medium heated by the heat source hot water in the heat medium heating heat exchanger 26 is circulated and supplied to the heating terminal 3.

When the explanation of heating of the hot water for the heat source is added, when the combined heat and power supply device 1 is in operation, the diverter valve 30 is adjusted so that the cooling water flows to the heat source heat exchanger 25 side. By operating the cooling water circulation pump 15, the heat source heat exchanger 25 is configured to heat the hot water for the heat source.
In addition, when the current heating heat load required by the heating terminal 3 cannot be covered only with the cooling water from the combined heat and power supply device 1 or when the combined heat and power supply device 1 is not in operation, the auxiliary heater M is heated. By operating, the auxiliary heating heat exchanger 29 is configured to heat the hot water for the heat source.

  Incidentally, when the operation control unit 5 performs the hot water storage operation and the heating operation at the same time during the operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1, the operation control unit 5 controls the diversion valve 30 based on the current heating heat load required by the heating terminal 3. Thus, the ratio of the flow rate of the cooling water flowing to the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side and the flow rate of the cooling water flowing to the heat source heat exchanger 25 side is adjusted.

Next, description is added about control of the driving | operation of the cogeneration apparatus 1 by the operation control part 5. FIG.
The operation control unit 5 manages time-series power load information and time-series heat load information, sets the operation condition of the cogeneration device 1 based on the managed information, and the operation condition Is configured to operate the cogeneration apparatus 1.
Furthermore, in the present invention, the operation control unit 5 distinguishes between when the heating operation for operating the heat source circulation pump 21 and the heat medium circulation pump 23 is executed and when the heating operation is not executed. It is configured to manage time-series heat load information, and predicts whether or not the heating operation is executed based on the temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 34 and predicts that the heating operation is executed. When the heating operation is performed, the operation condition is set based on the time-series heat load information managed as the time when the heating operation is performed, and when it is predicted that the heating operation is not performed, it is managed as the time when the heating operation is not performed. The operation conditions are set based on the current time-series heat load information.

Hereinafter, description will be added regarding the management of time-series power load information and time-series heat load information, and setting of operating conditions of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1.
The operation control unit 5 updates the time-series past load data (consisting of power load data, hot water supply heat load data, and heating heat load data) for one day with the day of the week associated with the actual use situation. Each time the date changes, from the stored past load data for one day, one day's time-series predicted load data (predicted power load data, predicted hot water supply heat load data, predicted heating) It is configured to perform management of time-series power load information and time-series heat load information.
And the operation control part 5 calculates | requires the energy-saving standard value used as the reference | standard of whether to operate the cogeneration apparatus 1 from prediction load data in the state which calculated | required the prediction load data for the 1st of the day, Whether or not the cogeneration apparatus 1 can be operated is determined based on whether or not the actual energy saving level (corresponding to the energy saving operation condition) at the present time is higher than the obtained energy saving reference value. Then, the operation condition of the cogeneration apparatus 1 is set as a condition for operating the cogeneration apparatus 1 and stopping the operation of the cogeneration apparatus 1 when it is determined that the operation is impossible.

  First, a description will be given of a data update process in which past load data for one day is updated and stored in a state in which it is associated with a day of the week based on the actual usage status. It is configured to update and store the past load data for one day as to how much power load, hot water supply heat load as a heat load and heating heat load are in the belt in a state of being associated with the day of the week.

Explaining the past load data, the past load data consists of three types of time-series load data: time-series power load data, time-series hot water supply heat load data, and time-series heating heat load data. As shown in FIG. 3, the past load data for one day is stored in a state divided for each day of the week from Sunday to Saturday.
The past load data for one day includes 24 pieces of power load data per unit time, 24 pieces of hot water supply heat load data per unit time, and one unit time per 24 hours. It consists of 24 pieces of heating heat load data.

The configuration for updating the past load data as described above will be described. From the actual usage situation, the power load per unit time, the hot water supply heat load, and the heating heat load are converted into the commercial power measurement unit P1, power generation The power measurement unit P2, the hot water supply heat load measurement means 31, and the heating heat load measurement means 32 measure the time series load data (time series power consumption data, time series hot water supply heat consumption). (Corresponding to time-series heating heat consumption data), one day of time-series actual load data is stored in association with the day of the week. Incidentally, the power load is calculated based on the sum of the power measured by the commercial power measuring unit P1 and the power generation output of the cogeneration device 1 measured by the generated power measuring unit P2, and the power load of the electric heater 14 and the compensation specific to the cogeneration system. Subtracting the power load of the machine. Incidentally, the unique auxiliary machine is a device or machine that is uniquely and supplementarily provided in the cogeneration system, and corresponds to the cooling water circulation pump 15 and the hot water circulation pump 17.
When the actual load data for one day is stored for one week, new past load data is obtained by adding the past load data and the actual load data at a predetermined ratio for each day of the week. New past load data is stored and the past load data is updated. Incidentally, the past load data added to the actual load data at a predetermined ratio is the actual load data of the same day as the data update date for a plurality of weeks (for example, three weeks) before the data update date for updating the past load data. Average value. For example, the past load data to be added to the actual load data at a predetermined ratio is the actual data of Sunday one week before the data update date, Sunday two weeks ago, and Sunday three weeks ago when the data update date is Sunday. Average value of load data.

Specifically, taking Sunday as an example, as shown in FIG. 3, from the past load data D1m corresponding to Sunday among the past load data and the actual load data A1 corresponding to Sunday among the actual load data, New past load data D1 (m + 1) corresponding to Sunday is obtained by the following [Equation 1], and the obtained past load data D1 (m + 1) is stored.
In the following [Expression 1], D1m is past load data corresponding to Sunday, A1 is actual load data corresponding to Sunday, K is a constant of 0.75, and D1 (m + 1) is And new past load data.

  D1 (m + 1) = (D1m × K) + {A1 × (1-K)} (Equation 1)

Next, each time the date changes, the predicted load calculation process for obtaining the predicted load data for one day from the stored past load data for one day will be described. Is executed each time, and the predicted load data for one day as to how much power load, hot water supply heat load, and heating heat load are predicted in which time zone of the day is configured.
That is, among the seven time-series past load data for each day of the week, the time-series past load data corresponding to the day of the day and the time-series actual load data of the previous day are added at a predetermined ratio. The system is configured to obtain time-series predicted load data for one day on the day of how much power load, hot water supply heat load, and heating heat load are predicted in which time zone.

Specifically, the case of obtaining the predicted load data for one day on Monday will be described as an example. As shown in FIG. 3, seven past load data D1m to D7m for each day of the week and seven actual load data A1 for each day of the week are shown. ~ A7 are stored, the predicted load data for one day on Monday is calculated from the past load data D2m corresponding to Monday and the actual load data A1 corresponding to Sunday of the previous day by the following [Equation 2]. B is obtained.
The predicted load data B for one day consists of predicted power load data for one day, predicted hot water supply heat load data for one day, predicted heating heat load data for one day, as shown in FIG. 4 (a) shows the predicted power load for one day, (b) in FIG. 4 shows the predicted heating heat load for one day, and (c) in FIG. It shows the predicted hot water supply heat load for the day.
In the following [Expression 2], D2m is past load data corresponding to Monday, A1 is actual load data corresponding to Sunday, Q is a constant of 0.25, and B is a predicted load. Data.

  B = (D2m × Q) + {A1 × (1-Q)} (Formula 2)

That is, as described above, time series power consumption information is obtained by measuring time series power consumption data and obtaining time series predicted power load data based on the measured power time series consumption data. It corresponds to managing.
In addition, as described above, the time series consumption data of the hot water supply heat load and the time series consumption data of the heating heat load are measured separately, and the time series consumption data of the hot water supply heat load and the heating heat load are measured separately. Based on the series consumption data, time series predicted hot water supply heat load data and time series prediction heating heat load data are obtained separately, and the obtained time series prediction hot water supply heat load data and time series prediction are obtained. Switching between using both heating heat load data and using only time-series predicted hot water supply heat load data distinguishes the time series between when the heating operation is performed and when the heating operation is not performed. This is equivalent to managing general heat load information.
The time-series predicted hot water supply heat load data and the time-series predicted heating heat load data correspond to the time-series heat load information managed as the time when the heating operation is performed, The predicted hot water supply heat load data corresponds to time-series heat load information managed as when the heating operation is not executed.

  Furthermore, the operation control unit 5 is configured to correct the predicted heating heat load obtained as described above based on the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 34. Specifically, the operation control unit 5 detects the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 34 when the predicted heating heat load is obtained, and the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 34 when time-series heating heat consumption data is measured. When the two are equal, the predicted heating heat load is not corrected. Is configured to correct the predicted heating heat load in such a manner that the predicted heating heat load is reduced as the difference between the two increases.

The correction process for correcting the predicted heating heat load will be described.
The operation control unit 5 is configured so that the average value of the detected temperature of the outside air temperature sensor 34 in the outside air temperature measuring time zone (for example, from 5 am to 7 am) is the outside air temperature of the day. Has been. In the following description, the detected temperature of the outside air temperature sensor 34 means an average value of the detected temperatures of the outside air temperature sensor 34 in the outside air temperature measuring time zone.
And as above-mentioned, in calculating | requiring the estimated heating heat load based on [Formula 2], since the weight of the actual load data on the day before a prediction day was enlarged, the time series heating heat consumption data was measured. As the detected outside air temperature of the outside air temperature sensor 34, the detected outside air temperature on the day before the prediction date is used, and the operation control unit 5 stores the detected outside air temperature on the day before the prediction day. It is configured as follows.

As shown in FIG. 6, the correction coefficient is increased and increased as the detected outside air temperature on the predicted day is lower than the detected outside temperature on the predicted day according to the deviation of the detected outside air temperature between the predicted day and the day before the predicted day. It is set so as to become smaller and stored in the operation control unit 5.
And the operation control part 5 calculates | requires the correction coefficient corresponding to the deviation of the detected outdoor temperature of the said prediction day and the day before a prediction day, and calculates the time width | variety which the load generate | occur | produces in the estimated heating heat load data calculated | required as mentioned above. The correction is performed by multiplying the correction coefficient, and the load amount per unit time in the predicted heating heat load data is corrected by multiplying the correction coefficient. As for the time zone in which the load in the predicted heating heat load data is generated, when correcting the time width to be longer, the time zone of the predicted heating heat load data before correction is set on both the earlier side and the later side. When correcting the time to be equally divided and lengthened, and correcting the time width to be short, the time zone of the predicted heating heat load data before correction is equally divided and shortened on both sides of the earlier and later times It is supposed to be corrected as follows.
That is, when the operation control unit 5 corrects the predicted heating heat load largely, the operation control unit 5 corrects the predicted heating heat load to increase the amount of heating heat load generated at each time by increasing the time during which the heating heat load is generated. When the heat load is corrected to be small, the time for generating the heating heat load is shortened and the generation amount of the heating heat load at each time is corrected to be corrected.

  In FIG. 4A, the predicted heating heat load data when the detected outside air temperature on the predicted day is lower than the day before the predicted day is indicated by a broken line, and the detected outside temperature on the predicted day is the day before the predicted day. The predicted heating heat load data when the value becomes higher is indicated by a one-dot chain line.

Next, in a state in which the predicted load data for one day of the day is obtained, an energy saving degree reference value calculation process for obtaining an energy saving degree reference value serving as a reference as to whether or not to operate the cogeneration apparatus 1 from the predicted load data. When the explanation is added, the energy-saving standard value calculation process uses the predicted hot water supply thermal load data, and the combined heat and power supply device 1 so as to cover the necessary hot water storage amount from the present time to the reference value time ahead. When the cogeneration system 1 is operated, an energy saving reference value that can realize energy saving in the installation facility of the cogeneration system is obtained.
In the energy-saving standard value calculation process, the predicted heating heat load data corrected by the correction process is used as the predicted heating heat load data of the predicted load data.

  Then, when the detected temperature of the outside air temperature sensor 34 is lower than a set temperature (for example, 10 ° C.), it is predicted that the heating operation is executed, and when the detected temperature of the outside air temperature sensor 34 is equal to or higher than the set temperature. When it is predicted that the heating operation will not be performed and the energy saving reference value is obtained, when it is predicted that the heating operation will be performed, the energy saving is calculated from the predicted power load, the predicted hot water supply heat load and the corrected predicted heating heat load. When the temperature reference value is obtained and it is predicted that the heating operation will not be performed, the energy saving degree reference value is obtained from the predicted power load and the predicted hot water supply heat load.

  For example, assuming that the unit time is 1 hour and the reference value time is 12 hours, first, when it is predicted that the heating operation will be executed, the predicted power load, the predicted hot water supply heat load, and the corrected When predicting that the heating operation is not executed from the predicted heating heat load, the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 is operated from the predicted power load and the predicted hot water supply heat load as shown in FIG. Assuming that the predicted energy saving level is 12 hours ahead for every 12 hours, the predicted amount of hot water that can be stored in the hot water storage tank 2 when the combined heat and power supply device 1 is operated is determined every hour. Find 12 pieces up to 12 hours ahead. Incidentally, FIG. 5 shows an example when it is predicted that the heating operation will be executed.

  When it is predicted that the heating operation will be executed, the amount of heat obtained by subtracting the predicted heating heat load after correction from the total amount of heat generated by adding the amount of heat generated in the combined heat and power supply device 1 and the amount of heat recovered by the electric heater 12 is stored as hot water. When the predicted hot water storage amount is predicted to be stored in the tank 2 and the heating operation is predicted not to be performed, the predicted hot water storage amount is predicted assuming that all of the total generated heat amount is stored in the hot water storage tank 2. It is like that.

  Energy saving P = {(EK1 + EK2 + EK3) / required energy of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1} × 100 (Equation 3)

However, EK1 is a function with the effective power generation output E1 as a variable, EK2 is a function with E2 as a variable, EK3 is a function with E3 as a variable,
EK1 = Equivalent power generation output E1 power plant primary energy equivalent value = f1 (Effective power generation output E1, required energy at the power plant)
EK2 = energy conversion value in conventional water heater of effective heating heat output E2 = f2 (effective heating heat output E2, burner efficiency (during heating))
EK3 = Equivalent hot water heat output E3 energy conversion value in conventional water heater = f3 (effective hot water heat output E3, burner efficiency (during hot water supply))
Necessary energy of the combined heat and power unit 1: 5.5 kW (the city gas consumption when the combined heat and power unit 1 is operated for 1 hour is 0.433 m ³ )
Unit power generation required energy: 2.8kW
Burner efficiency (heating): 0.8
Burner efficiency (with hot water supply): 0.9

  Moreover, each of the effective power generation output E1, the effective heating heat output E2, and the effective hot water storage heat output E3 is obtained by the following [Expression 4] to [Expression 6].

  E1 = Generated power of the cogeneration apparatus 1− (surplus power + specific auxiliary power load) (Equation 4)

  E2 = Heat load at heating terminal 3 (Equation 5)

E3 = (heat output of combined heat and power supply device 1 + recovered heat amount of electric heater 12−effective heating heat output E2) −heat dissipation loss (Equation 6)
However, the amount of heat recovered by the electric heater 12 = power consumption of the electric heater 12 × heat efficiency of the heater.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 5, in a state where the predicted energy savings and predicted hot water storage amounts for every 12 hours are obtained, first, the prediction required from the predicted hot water supply thermal load data to 12 hours ahead. The required hot water storage amount is obtained, and the hot water storage amount in the hot water storage tank 2 at the present time is subtracted from the predicted required hot water storage amount to obtain the necessary hot water storage amount required up to 12 hours ahead.
For example, if a hot water supply heat load of 9.8 kW is predicted 12 hours later from the predicted hot water supply heat load data, and the hot water storage amount in the hot water storage tank 2 is 2.5 kW at the present time, the time until 12 hours ahead The necessary hot water storage required for 7.3 kW is 7.3 kW.

  Then, in the state where the predicted amount of hot water storage for the unit time is added, until the predicted amount of stored hot water reaches the required amount of hot water, select from among the unit time for twelve units that has the highest predicted value of energy conservation. I try to keep going.

For example, as described above, when the required hot water storage amount is 7.3 kW, as shown in FIG. 5, first, from 7 hours ahead to 8 hours ahead where the predicted energy saving degree is the highest. Select the unit time and add the predicted hot water storage volume for that unit time.
Next, the unit time from 6 hours ahead to 7 hours ahead with high predicted energy conservation is selected, and the predicted hot water storage amount in the unit time is added, and the predicted hot water storage amount at that time is 1.1 kW. .
In addition, the unit time from 5 hours ahead to 6 hours ahead with the highest predicted energy saving is selected, and the predicted hot water storage amount in the unit time is added, and the predicted hot water storage amount at that time is 4.0 kW. Become.

In this way, when the selection of the unit time from the high predicted energy saving value and the addition of the predicted hot water storage amount are repeated, the unit from 8 hours ahead to 9 hours ahead as shown in FIG. When the time is selected, the predicted amount of hot water added together reaches 7.3 kW.
If it does so, the energy-saving degree of unit time from 8 hours ahead to 9 hours ahead will be set as an energy-saving reference value, and in the thing shown in FIG.

A description is given of an operation availability determination process for determining whether or not the cogeneration apparatus 1 can be operated based on whether or not the actual energy conservation level at present is higher than the energy conservation standard value obtained in the energy conservation standard value calculation process. Add
In the operation feasibility determination process, when it is predicted that the heating operation will be executed, the actual power load, the hot water supply heat load at the current time, and the current heating heat load are calculated according to the above [Equation 3]. When the energy saving degree is obtained and it is predicted that the heating operation is not executed, the actual energy saving degree is obtained from the current power load and the hot water supply heat load at the present time by the above [Equation 3].
Then, when the actual energy saving level exceeds the energy saving level reference value, it is determined that the operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 is possible. When the actual energy saving level is equal to or less than the energy saving level reference value, the operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 is determined. Is determined to be impossible.

  The operation control unit 5 operates the combined heat and power supply device 1 when it is determined that the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 1 is possible, and determines that the combined operation of the combined heat and power supply device 1 is impossible. 1 is stopped.

  In other words, if the actual power load, hot water supply heat load, and heating heat load are approximately equal to the predicted power load data, predicted hot water supply heat load data, and corrected predicted heating heat load data, the actual energy saving level is the energy saving reference value. Since it is substantially equal to the predicted energy saving level obtained in the arithmetic processing, the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 is operated in a plurality of unit times selected in order of the time zone in which the predicted energy saving level is high so that the required hot water storage amount can be stored. become.

[Another embodiment]
Next, another embodiment will be described.
(A) When managing time-series power load information and time-series heat load information and setting the operating conditions of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 based on the managed information, the setting method is as described above. The method is not limited to the method exemplified in the embodiment.
For example, an operation condition may be set as a condition for obtaining a predicted operation time zone for operating the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 and operating the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 in the obtained predicted operation time period.
When the predicted operation time period derivation process for obtaining the predicted operation time period is described, the predicted operation time period derivation process is performed in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment, in the predicted power load data, the predicted hot water supply heat load data, and the predicted heating heat. The load data is obtained, and the operation time zone of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 that can store hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 to cover the hot water supply heat load of the predicted hot water supply heat load data is obtained as the predicted operation time zone.

Further explanation will be given. Using the predicted hot water supply thermal load data, the required hot water storage amount from the present time to the reference value time ahead is determined, and the hot water storage amount can be stored in the hot water storage tank 2. The operation time zone of the co-feeder 1 is obtained as the predicted operation time zone.
For example, assuming that the unit time in each load data is 1 hour and the reference value time is 12 hours, first, when it is predicted that the heating operation is performed, the predicted power load, the predicted hot water supply heat load, And when it is predicted from the predicted heating heat load that the heating operation is not executed, the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 is operated from the predicted power load and the predicted hot water supply heat load as shown in FIG. Assuming that the predicted energy saving level is 12 pieces up to 12 hours ahead every hour, the predicted amount of hot water that can be stored in the hot water storage tank 2 when the combined heat and power supply device 1 is operated is 1 hour. Every 12 pieces up to 12 hours ahead are obtained.

  When it is predicted that the heating operation will be executed, the amount of heat obtained by subtracting the predicted heating heat load from the total amount of heat generated by adding the amount of heat generated in the combined heat and power supply device 1 and the amount of heat recovered by the electric heater 12 to the hot water storage tank 2. When the predicted hot water storage amount is predicted and the heating operation is predicted not to be performed, the predicted hot water storage amount is predicted as the total generated heat amount is stored in the hot water storage tank 2. ing.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 5, in a state where the predicted energy savings and predicted hot water storage amounts for every 12 hours are obtained, first, the prediction required from the predicted hot water supply thermal load data to 12 hours ahead. The required hot water storage amount is obtained, and the hot water storage amount in the hot water storage tank 2 at the present time is subtracted from the predicted required hot water storage amount to obtain the necessary hot water storage amount required up to 12 hours ahead.
For example, if a hot water supply heat load of 9.8 kW is predicted 12 hours later from the predicted hot water supply heat load data, and the hot water storage amount in the hot water storage tank 2 is 2.5 kW at the present time, the time until 12 hours ahead The necessary hot water storage required for 7.3 kW is 7.3 kW.

  Then, in the state where the predicted amount of hot water storage for the unit time is added, until the predicted amount of stored hot water reaches the required amount of hot water, select from among the unit time for twelve units that has the highest predicted value of energy conservation. I try to keep going.

For example, as described above, when the required hot water storage amount is 7.3 kW, as shown in FIG. 5, first, from 7 hours ahead to 8 hours ahead where the predicted energy saving degree is the highest. Select the unit time and add the predicted hot water storage volume for that unit time.
Next, the unit time from 6 hours ahead to 7 hours ahead with high predicted energy conservation is selected, and the predicted hot water storage amount in the unit time is added, and the predicted hot water storage amount at that time is 1.1 kW. .
In addition, the unit time from 5 hours ahead to 6 hours ahead with the highest predicted energy saving is selected, and the predicted hot water storage amount in the unit time is added, and the predicted hot water storage amount at that time is 4.0 kW. Become.

In this way, when the selection of the unit time from the high predicted energy saving value and the addition of the predicted hot water storage amount are repeated, the unit from 8 hours ahead to 9 hours ahead as shown in FIG. When the time is selected, the predicted amount of hot water added together reaches 7.3 kW.
Therefore, when the combined heat and power supply device 1 is operated in the time period from 5 hours ahead to 11 hours ahead, the necessary hot water storage amount required from the present time to the reference value time ahead can be stored in the hot water storage tank 2. The time zone from 5 hours to 11 hours ahead is obtained as the predicted operation time zone.
That is, a time zone composed of a plurality of unit times selected in order of a time zone having a high predicted energy saving level so that the required hot water storage amount can be stored is set as the predicted operation time zone.

The specific configuration of the predicted driving time zone derivation process for obtaining the predicted driving time zone can be various configurations other than the above-described configuration.
For example, when it is predicted that the heating operation will be executed, the time zone in which the heating heat load is generated is larger than the set amount on the condition of driving based on the predicted power load, the predicted hot water supply heat load and the predicted heating heat load. A time period in which the combined heat and power supply device 1 needs to be operated in order to store hot water at least enough to cover the hot water supply load before the set margin time (for example, 1 hour) before the unit time when the hot water supply load occurs is obtained and obtained. When the predicted operation time period is set as the predicted operation time period and the heating operation is predicted not to be performed, the set margin is larger than the unit time for generating a hot water supply load larger than the set amount based on the predicted power load and the predicted hot water supply heat load. A time zone in which it is necessary to operate the combined heat and power supply device 1 in order to store a hot water storage amount sufficient to cover at least the hot water supply load before the time is obtained, and the obtained time zone is set as the predicted operation time zone. It may be sea urchin configuration.

  In executing the predicted operation time period derivation process as described above, the predicted heating heat load after correction corrected in the correction process may be used as the predicted heating heat load, or the correction process is omitted. Thus, the calculated predicted heating heat load itself may be used.

(B) In setting the operating conditions of the combined heat and power supply device 1 by executing the energy-saving standard value calculation process and the operation availability determination process, in the above embodiment, the predicted heating heat load is corrected by the correction process. Although the case of using the corrected predicted heating heat load is illustrated, the correction processing may be omitted and the calculated predicted heating heat load itself may be used.

(C) A specific configuration for managing time-series heat load information by distinguishing between when the heating operation is performed and when the heating operation is not performed is the configuration illustrated in the above embodiment, However, the present invention is not limited to a configuration that manages time-series hot water supply heat load information and time-series heating heat load information separately.
For example, time series hot water supply heat load information and time series hot water load information combined with time series heating heat load information and time series total heat load information are managed separately. You may do it.
In this case, for example, the time series consumption data of the hot water supply heat load and the time series consumption data of the heating heat load are measured separately, and the time series consumption data of the hot water supply heat load and the time series of the heating heat load measured separately. Based on the consumption data, the time-series predicted hot water supply heat load data and the time-series predicted data of the total heat load including the hot water supply heat load and the heating heat load, that is, the predicted total heat load data are obtained. Constitute.

(D) In the above-described embodiment, the case where the combined heat and power supply device 1 is configured to drive the generator 1g by the gas engine 1e is illustrated, but a fuel cell may be used, for example.
In this case, you may perform the load following operation which fluctuates the electric power generation output of the cogeneration apparatus 1 according to time-sequential electric power load information.
When the load following operation is executed, when the heating operation is predicted to be executed, the power generation output of the cogeneration device 1 is increased under the condition that the power generation output of the cogeneration device 1 is larger than when it is predicted not to be executed. When the heating operation is predicted to be performed by changing the time-series power load information, the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 may be operated so as to generate surplus power.
For example, a plurality of step setting outputs (for example, four stages of 100% output, 75% output, 50% output, and 25% output) are set, and a step setting output corresponding to the power load is selected from the plurality of step setting outputs. In the step operation that operates to output the selected step setting output, when the heating operation is predicted to be performed, the step setting output that is one step higher than the step setting output corresponding to the power load is selected. Configure.

(E) In place of the outside air temperature sensor 34 provided in the above embodiment, water supplied to the hot water storage tank 2 from a water supply or a water tank through a water supply channel 37 as shown by a broken line in FIGS. A water temperature sensor 38 serving as a water temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the water is provided, and the operation control unit 5 is configured to predict whether or not the heating operation will be executed based on the temperature detected by the water temperature sensor 38. You may do it.

Block diagram showing the overall configuration of the cogeneration system Block diagram showing control configuration of cogeneration system Diagram explaining data update process Diagram showing the estimated load for one day The figure explaining energy-saving standard calculation processing The figure which shows the correction coefficient which corrects the prediction heating heat load

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cogeneration apparatus 2 Hot water storage tank 3 Heating terminal 5 Operation control means 12 Electric heater 22 Heat medium circulation path 23 Heat medium circulation means 34 Outside air temperature detection means 38 Water temperature detection means H Waste heat type heating means

Claims (2)

A combined heat and power device for generating electric power and heat, a heating medium circulating means for circulating and supplying a heating medium to a heating terminal through a heating medium circulation path, hot water in the hot water storage tank and the heat by heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device An exhaust heat heating means for heating the heat medium flowing through the medium circulation path, and an operation control means for controlling the operation are provided,
The operation control means manages time-series power load information and time-series heat load information, sets operation conditions of the combined heat and power unit based on the managed information, and sets the operation conditions. A cogeneration system configured to operate the combined heat and power unit,
An outside air temperature detecting means for detecting the outside air temperature or a water temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of water whose temperature fluctuates according to the outside air temperature is provided,
The operation control means is configured to manage the time-series heat load information by distinguishing between when the heating operation for operating the heat medium circulation means is performed and when the heating operation is not performed, And when it predicts whether the said heating operation is performed based on the detected temperature of the said external temperature detection means or the said water temperature detection means, and when it predicts that the said heating operation is performed, the said heating operation is performed The operation condition is set based on the time-series heat load information managed as being performed, and when it is predicted that the heating operation is not performed, the heating operation is managed as not being performed. A cogeneration system configured to set the operating condition based on time-series heat load information. An electric heater is provided for converting surplus power of the combined heat and power supply device into heat for heating the heating medium flowing through the heating medium circulation path;
The cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein the operation control unit is configured to operate the cogeneration apparatus so as to generate surplus power.

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