JP2007232299A - Boiler - Google Patents

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JP2007232299A
JP2007232299A JP2006056005A JP2006056005A JP2007232299A JP 2007232299 A JP2007232299 A JP 2007232299A JP 2006056005 A JP2006056005 A JP 2006056005A JP 2006056005 A JP2006056005 A JP 2006056005A JP 2007232299 A JP2007232299 A JP 2007232299A
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boiler
water
concentration
boiler water
electrical conductivity
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JP4793860B2 (en
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Masahito Nishiyama
将人 西山
Noritoshi Ando
則俊 安藤
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SAMSON CO Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To accurately detect a scale adhesion situation in a steam boiler. <P>SOLUTION: In the boiler 1 generating steam by heating water stored in an interior, boiler water is maintained at a predetermined concentration by carrying out concentration blowing of discharging boiler water on the basis of concentration of the boiler water. It is provided with an electrode 2 for electric conductivity detection installed in the boiler water, and an electric conductivity calculating part 7 sending electric current through the electrode 2, and calculating electric conductivity of the boiler water from a value of resistance of the electric current flowing through the boiler water. A scale adhesion determining part 8 is provided for determining that there are scales adhered to a boiler inner face when it is detected that the electric conductivity of the boiler water calculated by the electric conductivity calculating part 7 is a preset reference value or less in a state of maintaining the boiler water at the predetermined concentration by carrying out concentration blowing. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、ボイラ水の電気伝導率に基づいてボイラ内面にスケールが付着していることの検出を行うボイラに関するものである。   The present invention relates to a boiler that detects that a scale is attached to the inner surface of a boiler based on the electrical conductivity of boiler water.

内部にためた水を加熱することで蒸気を発生するボイラの場合、蒸気の取り出しと給水を繰り返すことでボイラ水は濃縮していく。ボイラ水が濃縮すると、ボイラ水中に含まれている硬度成分が析出し、スケールとしてボイラの内面に固着する。そのため、前段階で水処理を行い硬度成分を除去した水をボイラへ供給するようにしている。しかし、水処理装置の異常などによって硬度成分が含まれた水がボイラへ給水する場合がある、その場合にはボイラ内面がスケールに覆われることになる。スケールは熱の伝達率が低いため、水管内面にスケールが付着した場合には水管からボイラ水への伝熱が阻害されてボイラの効率が低下し、さらには水管が過熱されることによって水管が破損するということもある。   In the case of a boiler that generates steam by heating the water stored inside, the boiler water is concentrated by repeatedly taking out steam and supplying water. When boiler water concentrates, the hardness component contained in boiler water precipitates and adheres to the inner surface of the boiler as a scale. For this reason, water that has been subjected to water treatment in the previous stage to remove hardness components is supplied to the boiler. However, there is a case where water containing a hardness component is supplied to the boiler due to abnormality of the water treatment device or the like. In that case, the inner surface of the boiler is covered with the scale. Since the scale has a low heat transfer rate, if the scale adheres to the inner surface of the water pipe, the heat transfer from the water pipe to the boiler water is hindered, reducing the efficiency of the boiler, and the water pipe is overheated due to overheating of the water pipe. It may be damaged.

そのため、特開２００５−２５７１１１公報に記載の発明では、ボイラ水の中に電極を設け、ボイラ水を通して流れる電流から抵抗値を測定する抵抗値測定装置を設けておき、スケールの付着を判定している。この発明は、スケールが付着すると、ボイラ水の未濃縮状態における抵抗値と、ボイラ水の濃縮状態における抵抗値の差が小さくなるため、抵抗値でスケールの付着を判定することができるというものである。この場合、未濃縮状態とはボイラ水の入替えを行う全ブローを行った直後の状態を指し、濃縮状態とは全ブローすることでいったんは未濃縮状態になったボイラ水が、ボイラの運転を行うことで濃縮して次に全ブローを行う時期に達した状態を指している。   Therefore, in the invention described in JP-A-2005-257111, an electrode is provided in the boiler water, a resistance value measuring device for measuring a resistance value from a current flowing through the boiler water is provided, and scale adhesion is determined. Yes. In the present invention, when the scale adheres, the difference between the resistance value in the unconcentrated state of the boiler water and the resistance value in the concentrated state of the boiler water becomes small, so the adhesion of the scale can be determined by the resistance value. is there. In this case, the non-concentrated state refers to the state immediately after the full blow for replacing the boiler water, and the concentrated state refers to the boiler water that has once been unconcentrated by performing the full blow, It indicates a state where it has reached the time to concentrate and then blow all.

抵抗値はボイラ水の濃縮度に応じて変化するため、一定の濃縮が行われていればそれに見合った抵抗値の変化が現れるはずである。しかし、実際に電流を流すことによって測定すると、抵抗値の変化は少ないという矛盾が現れた場合、スケールが付着することで抵抗値が変化したと判断することができる。この発明の場合、一定の濃縮が行われていることが条件となり、全ブローの実施間隔がずれてしまうと正確なスケール付着の判定を行うことができないという問題があった。しかし、全ブロー間隔はボイラ運転上の都合などによって変化することがある。ボイラ水が少ししか濃縮していない状態で全ブローを行った場合、濃縮度が少なければ測定抵抗値の変化も少なくなるため、スケールが付着していなくても抵抗値の差は小さくなる。しかしこの場合でも、スケール付着判定部では前回の全ブロー直後における抵抗値と今回の全ブロー時抵抗値の差が小さいことより、スケールは付着していないのにスケール付着との誤検出を行うということがあった。
特開２００５−２５７１１１号公報 Since the resistance value changes according to the concentration of boiler water, a certain change in resistance value should appear if constant concentration is performed. However, if a contradiction that the change in the resistance value is small when measured by actually passing a current appears, it can be determined that the resistance value has changed due to the adhesion of the scale. In the case of the present invention, there is a problem in that it is impossible to accurately determine the scale adhesion if the interval between all blows is deviated from the condition that constant concentration is performed. However, the total blow interval may change depending on the convenience of boiler operation. When full blow is performed in a state where the boiler water is only slightly concentrated, the change in the measured resistance value is less if the degree of concentration is small, so that the difference in resistance value is small even if no scale is attached. However, even in this case, the difference between the resistance value immediately after the previous full blow and the current resistance value at the time of all blows is small in the scale adhesion determination unit, so that the scale is not adhered but the scale adhesion is erroneously detected. There was a thing.
JP-A-2005-257111

本発明が解決しようとする課題は、蒸気ボイラにおけるスケール付着状況を正確に検出することができるようにすることにある。   The problem to be solved by the present invention is to make it possible to accurately detect the state of scale adhesion in a steam boiler.

請求項１に記載の発明は、内部にためた水を加熱することで蒸気を発生するボイラであって、ボイラ水の濃縮度に基づいてボイラ水を排出する濃縮ブローを行うことでボイラ水を所定の濃縮度に保つボイラにおいて、ボイラ水の中に設置する電気伝導率検出用電極と、電気伝導率検出用電極へ電流を流し、ボイラ水を通して流れる電流の抵抗値などからボイラ水の電気伝導率を算出する電気伝導率算出部を設けておき、濃縮ブローを行うことでボイラ水を所定の濃縮度に保っている状態の時に、電気伝導率算出部にて算出したボイラ水の電気伝導率が、あらかじめ設定しておいた基準値以下であることを検出すると、ボイラ内面にスケールが付着しているとの判定を行うスケール付着判定部を設けていることを特徴とする。   The invention according to claim 1 is a boiler that generates steam by heating water stored inside, and the boiler water is obtained by performing a concentration blow that discharges boiler water based on the concentration of boiler water. In a boiler that maintains a predetermined concentration, the electric conductivity detection electrode installed in the boiler water and the electric conductivity of the boiler water based on the resistance value of the current that flows through the boiler water by passing an electric current to the electric conductivity detection electrode. The electrical conductivity of the boiler water calculated by the electrical conductivity calculation unit when the boiler water is kept at a predetermined concentration by performing the concentration blow is provided. However, when it is detected that it is below a preset reference value, there is provided a scale adhesion determination unit for determining that the scale is adhered to the inner surface of the boiler.

請求項２に記載の発明は、前記のボイラにおいて、ボイラ水の濃縮度はボイラの蒸気発生量から演算によって求めるようにしておき、演算で求めたボイラ水の濃縮が所定の濃縮度に達すると濃縮ブローを開始し、演算で求めたボイラ水の濃縮度に基づいて濃縮ブローを行うようにしていることを特徴とする。   The invention according to claim 2 is such that, in the boiler, the concentration of boiler water is obtained by calculation from the steam generation amount of the boiler, and when the concentration of boiler water obtained by calculation reaches a predetermined concentration. Concentration blow is started, and concentration blow is performed based on the concentration of boiler water obtained by calculation.

本発明を実施することによって、蒸気ボイラにおけるスケール付着状況を正確に検出することができ、スケールが付着していないのにスケール付着ありとの判定を行う誤判定を防止することができる。   By carrying out the present invention, it is possible to accurately detect the state of scale adhesion in the steam boiler, and it is possible to prevent erroneous determination in which it is determined that the scale is attached even though the scale is not attached.

図１は、本発明装置の一実施例におけるボイラの概要図、図２は本発明の実施例に基づくスケール付着判定方法の考え方を説明するための説明図である。ボイラ１は、上部に環状の上部管寄せ、下部にも環状の下部管寄せを設けておき、上下の管寄せ間は、環状に並んだ多数の水管で連結している。水管が取り囲んでいるボイラ中心部分は燃焼室であり、燃焼室の上方に燃焼装置を設ける。ボイラ１は、下部に給水配管を接続し、上部に蒸気取り出し管を接続しており、給水配管の途中に設けた給水ポンプ９によって下部から給水し、ボイラ上部から蒸気を取り出す。ボイラ１内ではボイラ水の沸き上がりが発生するが、ボイラから取り出すのは蒸気のみとするため、蒸気とボイラ水を分離する気水分離器４を設けておき、蒸気のみを分離して取り出し、気水分離器４で分離したボイラ水は、ボイラ１の下部へ還流させる。   FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a boiler in an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the concept of a scale adhesion determination method based on an embodiment of the present invention. The boiler 1 is provided with an annular upper header at the upper part and an annular lower header at the lower part, and the upper and lower headers are connected by a number of annularly arranged water pipes. A boiler central portion surrounded by the water pipe is a combustion chamber, and a combustion device is provided above the combustion chamber. The boiler 1 has a water supply pipe connected to the lower part and a steam take-out pipe connected to the upper part. Water is supplied from the lower part by a water supply pump 9 provided in the middle of the water supply pipe, and the steam is taken out from the upper part of the boiler. Boiler water boils up in the boiler 1, but since only steam is taken out from the boiler, a steam / water separator 4 is provided to separate the steam and boiler water, and only the steam is separated and taken out. The boiler water separated by the steam separator 4 is refluxed to the lower part of the boiler 1.

気水分離器４の下部にはブロー配管１１を接続し、ブロー配管１１の途中に濃縮ブロー弁１０を設けておき、濃縮ブロー弁１０を開くことでボイラ水を排出する濃縮ブローを実施することができるようにしている。濃縮ブローの実施は、ボイラの運転を制御する運転制御装置６の濃縮ブロー制御部５によって自動制御する。ボイラ１の水位制御は、蒸気の発生によって水位が低下すると、給水を行うことで水位を上昇させ、所定の水位に保つものである。ボイラ運転中は、水位が給水開始水位まで低下すると給水ポンプ９を稼働し、水位が給水停止水位まで上昇すると給水ポンプ９の稼働を停止することを繰り返す。   A blow pipe 11 is connected to the lower part of the steam / water separator 4, a concentration blow valve 10 is provided in the middle of the blow pipe 11, and the concentration blow valve 10 is opened to perform the concentration blow for discharging boiler water. To be able to. The concentration blow is automatically controlled by the concentration blow control unit 5 of the operation control device 6 that controls the operation of the boiler. The water level control of the boiler 1 is to raise the water level by supplying water and keep it at a predetermined water level when the water level is lowered due to the generation of steam. During the boiler operation, the water supply pump 9 is operated when the water level drops to the water supply start water level, and the operation of the water supply pump 9 is stopped when the water level rises to the water supply stop water level.

ボイラへ供給される給水には不純物が含まれており、蒸発しない不純物はボイラ水中内に蓄積されていくため、給水と蒸発を繰り返すことで不純物は濃縮されて濃度を増していく。ボイラ水の濃縮が過剰になると、ボイラ内にスケールが付着したり、ボイラ水が蒸気とともに取り出されるキャリオーバ等の問題が発生することになる。そのため、一定度まで濃縮が進むと、濃縮ブローを実施することでボイラ水が濃縮しすぎないように水質を調節する。濃縮ブローは濃縮したボイラ水を排出し、濃縮していない水を供給することでボイラ水の濃縮度を下げるものであり、蒸発量に対して一定の割合で排水することでボイラ水の濃縮度を一定に保つことができる。気水分離器４内のボイラ水は、ボイラ伝熱部で沸き上がることによって持ち上げられ、その後に蒸気を分離した残りであるため、最も濃縮しているボイラ水である。そのため、気水分離器４からボイラ水を排出することで、ボイラ水の濃縮度調節を効率的に行うことができる。   Impurities are contained in the feed water supplied to the boiler, and impurities that do not evaporate are accumulated in the boiler water. Therefore, the impurities are concentrated and increased in concentration by repeating the feed water and evaporation. If the boiler water is excessively concentrated, problems such as scale adherence in the boiler and carry-over in which the boiler water is taken out together with the steam will occur. For this reason, when the concentration proceeds to a certain degree, the water quality is adjusted so that the boiler water is not concentrated too much by carrying out a concentration blow. Concentration blow discharges concentrated boiler water and supplies non-concentrated water to lower the concentration of boiler water. Can be kept constant. The boiler water in the steam-water separator 4 is the most concentrated boiler water because it is lifted by boiling in the boiler heat transfer section and then the steam is separated. Therefore, the boiler water is discharged from the steam separator 4 so that the boiler water concentration can be adjusted efficiently.

また、気水分離器４内にはボイラ水の電気伝導率を測定するための電気伝導率検出用電極２を設け、運転制御装置６内には電気伝導率算出部７を設けておく。電気伝導率の算出は、電気伝導率算出部７と電気伝導率検出用電極２によって行う。ボイラ水中に設けている電極間に電流を流すことでボイラ水中を流れる電流から抵抗値の算出を行い、抵抗値の逆数にセル定数を掛け、ボイラ水温度によって補正することで電気伝導率を算出する。ボイラ水に電流を流した場合、ボイラ水中に含まれているイオンの濃度によって電流の通りやすさが変わる。ボイラ水が濃縮していない場合には水中にあるイオン濃度が低いため、電流は流れにくくなることより抵抗値は大きくなり、抵抗の逆数である電気伝導率の値は小さくなる。ボイラ水が濃縮することで水中のイオン濃度が高くなると、電流が流れやすくなるために抵抗値は小さくなり、電気伝導率の値は大きくなる。   In addition, an electrical conductivity detection electrode 2 for measuring the electrical conductivity of boiler water is provided in the steam / water separator 4, and an electrical conductivity calculation unit 7 is provided in the operation control device 6. The electrical conductivity is calculated by the electrical conductivity calculator 7 and the electrical conductivity detection electrode 2. The resistance value is calculated from the current flowing in the boiler water by passing a current between the electrodes installed in the boiler water, the reciprocal of the resistance value is multiplied by the cell constant, and the electric conductivity is calculated by correcting it with the boiler water temperature. To do. When a current is passed through the boiler water, the ease of passing the current changes depending on the concentration of ions contained in the boiler water. When the boiler water is not concentrated, since the ion concentration in the water is low, the resistance value is increased because the current is less likely to flow, and the electrical conductivity value, which is the reciprocal of the resistance, is decreased. When the boiler water is concentrated and the ion concentration in the water is increased, the electric current easily flows, so that the resistance value is decreased and the electrical conductivity value is increased.

運転制御装置６内には、電気伝導率算出部７で検出した電気伝導率に基づいてスケール付着の有無を判定するスケール付着判定部８を設けておき、スケール付着判定部８にてスケールが付着しているとの判定を行った場合は、スケール付着報知装置３にてスケール付着の注意信号を報知するようにしておく。スケール付着の判定は、濃縮ブローを行うことでボイラ水の濃縮度を一定の値に保っている状態の時に行う。ボイラ水は一定度以上に濃縮している状態において、電気伝導率算出部７にて算出するボイラ水の電気伝導率が、あらかじめ設定しておいた基準値以下となった場合には、ボイラ内面にスケールが付着しているとの判定を行う。   In the operation control device 6, there is provided a scale adhesion determination unit 8 that determines the presence or absence of scale adhesion based on the electrical conductivity detected by the electrical conductivity calculation unit 7, and the scale adhesion determination unit 8 attaches the scale. When it is determined that the scale is attached, the scale attachment notification device 3 notifies the attention signal of scale attachment. The determination of scale adhesion is performed when the boiler water concentration is maintained at a constant value by performing concentration blow. In the state where the boiler water is concentrated to a certain level or more, when the electric conductivity of the boiler water calculated by the electric conductivity calculating unit 7 is equal to or less than a preset reference value, It is determined that the scale is attached to the surface.

図２に基づいて、スケール付着有無の判定方法を説明する。図は電気伝導率算出部７にて算出するボイラ水の電気伝導率変化イメージを記したものであり、スケールが付着している状態での電気伝導率値変化を一点鎖線で示し、スケールが付着していない状態での電気伝導率値変化を実線で示している。未濃縮の電気伝導率とはボイラ水を入れ替えた直後であって給水そのままの電気伝導率であり、実施例では10ms/mの水を使用するものとしている。目標値とは、濃縮ブローを実施することでボイラ水の水質を一定に保つ場合の目標とする値である。目標値として350ms/mと設定していた場合、給水の電気伝導率である10ms/mから３５倍に濃縮するまでは濃縮ブローを行わず、３５倍に濃縮した以降は濃縮ブローを行うことで濃縮度を一定に保つということになる。給水を間欠的に行っているボイラでは、給水を行うと濃縮度は低下し、給水を停止していると濃縮度は上昇することになるが、濃縮ブローを行うことで濃縮度は一定の幅内に保つことができる。   Based on FIG. 2, a method for determining the presence or absence of scale adhesion will be described. The figure shows an image of the change in the electrical conductivity of boiler water calculated by the electrical conductivity calculator 7. The change in electrical conductivity when the scale is attached is indicated by a one-dot chain line, and the scale is attached. The change in the electric conductivity value in a state where the operation is not performed is indicated by a solid line. The unconcentrated electrical conductivity is the electrical conductivity of the feed water as it is immediately after the boiler water is replaced. In the embodiment, 10 ms / m of water is used. The target value is a target value when the water quality of the boiler water is kept constant by carrying out the concentration blow. If the target value is set to 350 ms / m, the concentration blow is not performed until it is concentrated 35 times from the electrical conductivity of 10 ms / m, which is the electric conductivity of the feed water. It means keeping the concentration constant. In boilers that supply water intermittently, the concentration decreases when water is supplied, and the concentration increases when water supply is stopped. Can be kept inside.

ボイラ水の濃縮状態はボイラの蒸気発生量から求めることができるため、濃縮ブロー制御部５はボイラの蒸気発生量の情報を得て濃縮ブローを開始する時期を決定する。ボイラの蒸気発生量は燃焼時間と比例の関係にあるため、ボイラの燃焼時間を計測しておくことで蒸気発生量は算出することができる。蒸気発生によって水位が低下した分だけ給水を行っており、蒸発と給水の繰り返しによってボイラ水は濃縮していくため、給水の水質とボイラの保有水量が分かっていれば、ボイラの燃焼時間（蒸気発生量）からボイラ水の濃縮度を演算によって算出することができる。演算によって算出した濃縮度が目標値になると濃縮ブローを開始することで濃縮度を目標値に保つ。基準値とは、電気伝導率の値からスケールの付着を判断するしきい値となる値であり、ここでは目標値の約半分である200ms/mに設定している。   Since the concentration state of the boiler water can be obtained from the steam generation amount of the boiler, the concentration blow control unit 5 obtains information on the steam generation amount of the boiler and determines the timing for starting the concentration blow. Since the steam generation amount of the boiler is proportional to the combustion time, the steam generation amount can be calculated by measuring the combustion time of the boiler. Water supply is performed as much as the water level drops due to steam generation, and boiler water is concentrated by repeated evaporation and water supply. If the quality of the water supply and the amount of water held in the boiler are known, the boiler combustion time (steam The concentration of boiler water can be calculated by calculation from the generated amount). When the enrichment calculated by the calculation reaches the target value, the enrichment is maintained at the target value by starting the concentration blow. The reference value is a value that is a threshold value for determining adhesion of the scale from the value of electrical conductivity, and is set to 200 ms / m, which is about half the target value here.

まずスケールが付着していない場合における電気伝導率の変化を説明する。ボイラが運転を開始する前のボイラが停止している段階では、ボイラ水は濃縮しないため、電気伝導率の値は未濃縮の線上にある。ボイラが運転を開始すると、蒸気となった水はボイラから取り出すが、ボイラ水中に含まれていた不純物はボイラ内に残留するため、ボイラ水は濃縮していく。そのため、電気伝導率算出部７で算出している電気伝導率の値はボイラ水の濃縮に伴って上昇していく。ボイラでは間欠的に給水を行うため、給水を行うとボイラ水の濃縮度は一時的に低下するが、ボイラ水中に含まれている不純物の総量が減少するわけではないため、電気伝導率の値は増減を繰り返しながら上昇していく。ボイラ水の濃縮度が低い間は濃縮ブローを行わないため、この間は電気伝導率の値は上昇し続ける。   First, the change in electrical conductivity when no scale is attached will be described. At the stage where the boiler is stopped before the boiler starts operation, the boiler water is not concentrated, so the electric conductivity value is on the unconcentrated line. When the boiler starts operation, the steamed water is taken out from the boiler, but since the impurities contained in the boiler water remain in the boiler, the boiler water is concentrated. Therefore, the value of the electrical conductivity calculated by the electrical conductivity calculation unit 7 increases as the boiler water is concentrated. Since boilers supply water intermittently, the concentration of boiler water temporarily decreases when water is supplied, but the total amount of impurities contained in the boiler water does not decrease. Goes up and down repeatedly. Since the concentration blow is not performed while the concentration of boiler water is low, the electric conductivity value continues to increase during this period.

ボイラの蒸気発生量から求まるボイラ水の濃縮度が目標値に達すると、濃縮ブロー制御部５は濃縮ブローを開始する。電気伝導率算出部７で検出している電気伝導率の値は、電気伝導率検出用電極２にスケールが付着することで正確な値を検出することができなくなるが、ボイラの燃焼時間から演算によって濃縮度を求めれば正確な濃縮度を算出することできる。濃縮ブローはボイラ水の濃縮状態を目標値付近に保つことを目指して濃縮したボイラ水の一部を排出するものであり、一定時間における蒸気発生量からボイラ水の排出必要量を算出しておき、濃縮したボイラ水を排出するのに必要な時間だけ濃縮ブロー弁１０を開くことでボイラ水の濃縮状態を一定に保つ。電気伝導率検出用電極２にスケールが付着していなければ、電気伝導率算出部７で電気伝導率を正確に検出することができるため、スケールが付着していない場合においては、電気伝導率算出部７で検出した電気伝導率の値は、目標値付近となっている。   When the boiler water concentration obtained from the steam generation amount of the boiler reaches the target value, the concentration blow control unit 5 starts the concentration blow. The electrical conductivity value detected by the electrical conductivity calculation unit 7 cannot be detected accurately because the scale adheres to the electrical conductivity detection electrode 2, but is calculated from the combustion time of the boiler. By calculating the concentration by means of (1), the exact concentration can be calculated. Concentration blow discharges a portion of the boiler water concentrated in order to keep the boiler water concentration state close to the target value. The required amount of boiler water discharge is calculated from the amount of steam generated over a certain period of time. Then, the concentrated state of the boiler water is kept constant by opening the concentration blow valve 10 only for the time necessary for discharging the concentrated boiler water. If the scale is not attached to the electrical conductivity detection electrode 2, the electrical conductivity can be accurately detected by the electrical conductivity calculation unit 7. Therefore, when the scale is not attached, the electrical conductivity is calculated. The value of electrical conductivity detected by the unit 7 is close to the target value.

次にボイラ内でスケールが付着している場合における電気伝導率の変化を説明する。ボイラ内にスケールが付着すると、電気伝導率検出用電極２にもスケールが付着することになり、電気伝導率検出用電極２にスケールが付着すると、電極間に電流を流した場合にスケールが抵抗となる。そのため、電流は流れにくくなり、電極間の抵抗値が大きくなるため、抵抗値から算出する電気伝導率の値は低くなる。なお、スケールが付着した場合、未濃縮時であっても電気伝導率の値は低くなるが、電気伝導率の値が低い未濃縮時にはスケール有無による電気伝導率値差の絶対値も小さくなるため、未濃縮時にはスケール付着の判定が不正確になる。そのため未濃縮時にはスケール付着有無の判定は行わず、一定度の濃縮が行われてからスケール付着の有無を判定するようにしている。ボイラ水の濃縮が進むと、電気伝導率の絶対値が上昇し、電気伝導率の値が上昇するにつれてスケール付着の有無による電気伝導率の差も大きくなるため、スケール付着の有無を正確に判定することができるようになる。   Next, the change in electrical conductivity when scale is attached in the boiler will be described. If a scale adheres in the boiler, the scale also adheres to the conductivity detection electrode 2. If a scale adheres to the conductivity detection electrode 2, the scale becomes resistant when a current is passed between the electrodes. It becomes. For this reason, it becomes difficult for current to flow, and the resistance value between the electrodes increases, so the value of electrical conductivity calculated from the resistance value decreases. When scale is attached, the electrical conductivity value is low even when not concentrated, but when the electrical conductivity value is low, the absolute value of the difference in electrical conductivity value due to the presence or absence of scale is also small. When not concentrated, the determination of scale adhesion is inaccurate. For this reason, the determination of the presence or absence of scale adhesion is not performed when the concentration is not performed, and the presence or absence of scale adhesion is determined after a certain degree of concentration. As boiler water concentration progresses, the absolute value of the electrical conductivity increases, and as the electrical conductivity value increases, the difference in electrical conductivity due to the presence or absence of scale adhesion also increases. Will be able to.

濃縮ブローの開始は、ボイラの蒸気発生量から求めることのできる濃縮度に基づいて行っているため、スケール付着の有無に関係なく濃縮ブロー開始時の濃縮度は一定となっている。スケール付着判定部８では、濃縮ブローを開始する濃縮度になっているはずであるのに、電気伝導率算出部７で検出する電気伝導率の値が基準値よりも低くなった場合には、ボイラ内にスケールが付着していると判定する。スケール付着判定部８はスケール付着ありとの判定を行うと、スケール付着報知装置３によってスケール付着ありの注意信号を出力する。   Since the start of the concentration blow is performed based on the concentration that can be obtained from the amount of steam generated in the boiler, the concentration at the start of the concentration blow is constant regardless of the presence or absence of scale adhesion. In the scale adhesion determination unit 8, the concentration should start at the concentration blow, but when the electrical conductivity value detected by the electrical conductivity calculation unit 7 is lower than the reference value, It is determined that the scale is attached in the boiler. When the scale adhesion determination unit 8 determines that there is scale adhesion, the scale adhesion notification device 3 outputs a caution signal with scale adhesion.

ボイラ使用者は、スケール付着ありの注意信号を受けてボイラの点検を行う。なお、スケールは付着していなくても、濃縮ブロー弁１０や給水流量計の異常や、ブロー率の設定ミスなど他に異常が発生していれば、同様な注意信号が出力されることになる。そのため、電気伝導率検出用電極によって検出する電気伝導率値による判定では、スケール付着以外の上記異常を検出することもできる。   The boiler user checks the boiler in response to a warning signal indicating that the scale is attached. Even if the scale is not attached, a similar caution signal will be output if there is an abnormality such as an abnormality in the concentration blow valve 10 or the feed water flow meter or a mistake in setting the blow rate. . Therefore, in the determination based on the electrical conductivity value detected by the electrical conductivity detection electrode, the above abnormality other than the scale adhesion can be detected.

本発明の一実施例におけるボイラの概要図Schematic diagram of boiler in one embodiment of the present invention 本発明の実施例におけるスケール付着判定方法の説明図Explanatory drawing of the scale adhesion determination method in the Example of this invention

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ ボイラ
２ 電気伝導率検出用電極
３ スケール付着報知装置
４ 気水分離器
５ 濃縮ブロー制御部
６ 運転制御装置
７ 電気伝導率算出部
８ スケール付着判定部
９ 給水ポンプ
１０ 濃縮ブロー弁
１１ ブロー配管 1 boiler
2 Electrical conductivity detection electrode
3 Scale adhesion notification device 4 Steam / water separator 5 Concentration blow control unit
6 Operation control device
7 Electric conductivity calculation unit 8 Scale adhesion determination unit 9 Water supply pump 10 Concentration blow valve
11 Blow piping

Claims (2)

内部にためた水を加熱することで蒸気を発生するボイラであって、ボイラ水の濃縮度に基づいてボイラ水を排出する濃縮ブローを行うことでボイラ水を所定の濃縮度に保つボイラにおいて、ボイラ水の中に設置する電気伝導率検出用電極と、電気伝導率検出用電極へ電流を流し、ボイラ水を通して流れる電流の抵抗値などからボイラ水の電気伝導率を算出する電気伝導率算出部を設けておき、濃縮ブローを行うことでボイラ水を所定の濃縮度に保っている状態の時に、電気伝導率算出部にて算出したボイラ水の電気伝導率が、あらかじめ設定しておいた基準値以下であることを検出すると、ボイラ内面にスケールが付着しているとの判定を行うスケール付着判定部を設けていることを特徴とするボイラ。   In a boiler that generates steam by heating water stored inside, and that maintains the boiler water at a predetermined concentration by performing a concentration blow that discharges boiler water based on the concentration of the boiler water, Electrical conductivity detection electrode installed in the boiler water, and an electrical conductivity calculation unit that calculates the electrical conductivity of the boiler water from the resistance value of the current that flows through the boiler water by passing a current through the electrical conductivity detection electrode The electrical conductivity of the boiler water calculated by the electrical conductivity calculation unit when the boiler water is kept at a predetermined concentration by performing the concentration blow is a standard set in advance. A boiler characterized by comprising a scale adhesion determining unit for determining that a scale is adhered to the inner surface of the boiler when it is detected that the value is less than or equal to the value. 請求項１に記載のボイラにおいて、ボイラ水の濃縮度はボイラの蒸気発生量から演算によって求めるようにしておき、演算で求めたボイラ水の濃縮が所定の濃縮度に達すると濃縮ブローを開始し、演算で求めたボイラ水の濃縮度に基づいて濃縮ブローを行うようにしていることを特徴とするボイラ。   The boiler according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of boiler water is calculated from the amount of steam generated in the boiler, and when the boiler water concentration calculated by calculation reaches a predetermined concentration, concentration blow is started. The boiler is characterized in that the concentration blow is performed based on the concentration of boiler water obtained by calculation.
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JP2012052673A (en) * 2010-08-31 2012-03-15 Kawasaki Thermal Engineering Co Ltd Method and device for automatic blow control of boiler
JP2015031423A (en) * 2013-08-01 2015-02-16 三浦工業株式会社 Boiler
JP2017161105A (en) * 2016-03-07 2017-09-14 富士電機株式会社 Heat pump type steam generator

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JPS602112U (en) * 1983-06-20 1985-01-09 三菱重工業株式会社 Boiler blow rate control device
JPS60189751U (en) * 1984-05-29 1985-12-16 大阪瓦斯株式会社 Boiler control device
JPS6126903U (en) * 1984-07-20 1986-02-18 三浦工業株式会社 Complete blowing equipment for boiler
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JPH0314507U (en) * 1989-06-27 1991-02-14
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012052673A (en) * 2010-08-31 2012-03-15 Kawasaki Thermal Engineering Co Ltd Method and device for automatic blow control of boiler
JP2015031423A (en) * 2013-08-01 2015-02-16 三浦工業株式会社 Boiler
JP2017161105A (en) * 2016-03-07 2017-09-14 富士電機株式会社 Heat pump type steam generator

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