JP2007212286A - Property measuring device - Google Patents

Property measuring device Download PDF

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JP2007212286A
JP2007212286A JP2006032348A JP2006032348A JP2007212286A JP 2007212286 A JP2007212286 A JP 2007212286A JP 2006032348 A JP2006032348 A JP 2006032348A JP 2006032348 A JP2006032348 A JP 2006032348A JP 2007212286 A JP2007212286 A JP 2007212286A
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property
signal
attenuation amount
snow
gps
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JP4609661B2 (en
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Shinya Shishido
真也 宍戸
Haruo Yamamoto
春生 山本
Shigehiro Iikura
茂弘 飯倉
Toru Endo
徹 遠藤
Toshishige Fujii
俊茂 藤井
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Railway Technical Research Institute
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a property measuring device capable of measuring properties of a measuring object inexpensively with simple structure. <P>SOLUTION: In this property measuring device 3, a radio wave (GPS signal) transmitted through the measuring object is received, and the attenuation amount (intensity of the radio wave) of the GPS signal is measured continuously automatically, and the property such as moisture in the measuring object 2 is estimated nondestructively. Signal reception parts 3a, 3b are GPS receivers (GPS antennas) for receiving a GPS signal outputted from a GPS satellite, and a signal attenuation amount operation part 3d operates the attenuation amount of the GPS signal transmitted through the measuring object 2. A correlation information storage part 3f stores a signal attenuation amount-moisture content curve showing the correlation between the attenuation amount of the GPS signal received by the signal reception part 3a and the moisture content inside the fallen snow. A property measuring part 3g measures the moisture inside the fallen snow based on attenuation amount information stored in an attenuation amount information storage part 3e and correlation information stored in a correlation information storage part 3f. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

この発明は、測定対象物の性状を測定する性状測定装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a property measuring apparatus for measuring properties of a measurement object.

現在、一般的に用いられている積雪の含水率測定方法には、遠心分離機によって積雪内部から水を分離して測定する方法、雪試料の相変化に要する熱量を計測して雪試料全量に対する氷の量を定める方法、雪試料の誘電率を測定する方法などがある。しかし、これらの含水率測定方法は、いずれも積雪層を破壊して測定する方法であり、連続的に自動で積雪の含水率を測定することはできない。このため、このような従来の積雪の含水率測定方法の不都合を解決する雪の含水率測定装置が提案されている。   Currently, the moisture content measurement method for snow is generally used by separating water from the inside of the snow using a centrifuge and measuring the amount of heat required for the phase change of the snow sample to determine the total amount of snow sample. There are a method for determining the amount of ice and a method for measuring the dielectric constant of a snow sample. However, all of these moisture content measuring methods are methods in which the snow layer is broken and measured, and the moisture content of snow cannot be measured continuously and automatically. For this reason, a snow moisture content measuring apparatus that solves the disadvantages of the conventional snow moisture content measuring method has been proposed.

従来の雪の含水率測定装置は、雪のサンプルを採集する透明な容器と、この容器内の雪に赤外線を照射しこの雪の表面からの反射光を検出する赤外線反射型センサと、この赤外線反射型センサが検出した反射光の強度に基づいて雪の含水率を判定する電気回路などを備えている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。このような従来の雪の含水率測定装置では、積雪層を破壊せずに連続して赤外線反射型センサが検出した反射光強度を測定し、雪の高さなどの物性値も判断して雪の含水率を判定している。   A conventional snow moisture content measuring device includes a transparent container for collecting a snow sample, an infrared reflection type sensor for irradiating the snow in the container with infrared rays and detecting reflected light from the surface of the snow, and the infrared rays. An electric circuit for determining the moisture content of snow based on the intensity of reflected light detected by the reflective sensor is provided (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In such a conventional moisture content measuring device for snow, the reflected light intensity detected by the infrared reflective sensor is continuously measured without destroying the snow layer, and the physical property value such as the height of snow is also judged. The moisture content of is judged.

特開平10-142146号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-142146

従来の雪の含水率測定装置では、積雪の表面に赤外線を照射しこの積雪の表面からの反射光に基づいて含水率を測定するため、赤外線が透過できない積雪内部の含水率を正確に測定することができない問題点がある。また、従来の雪の含水率測定装置では、積雪に赤外線を照射しこの積雪表面からの反射光を受光する赤外線反射型センサなどの特別の装置が必要になり、装置が大型化しコストが高くなってしまう問題点がある。   The conventional moisture content measurement device for snow irradiates the surface of the snow with infrared rays and measures the moisture content based on the reflected light from the surface of the snow. Therefore, the moisture content inside the snow that cannot transmit infrared rays is accurately measured. There is a problem that can not be. Also, the conventional moisture content measuring device for snow requires a special device such as an infrared reflective sensor that irradiates the snow with infrared rays and receives the reflected light from the surface of the snow, which increases the size and cost of the device. There is a problem.

この発明の課題は、簡単な構造によって低コストで測定対象物の性状を測定することができる性状測定装置を提供することである。   The subject of this invention is providing the property measuring apparatus which can measure the property of a measuring object with simple structure at low cost.

この発明は、以下に記載するような解決手段により、前記課題を解決する。
なお、この発明の実施形態に対応する符号を付して説明するが、この実施形態に限定するものではない。
請求項１の発明は、測定対象物（２）の性状を測定する性状測定装置であって、前記測定対象物を透過する電磁波信号の減衰量に基づいてこの測定対象物の性状を測定する性状測定手段（３ｇ）を備えることを特徴とする性状測定装置（３）である。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by the solving means described below.
In addition, although the code | symbol corresponding to embodiment of this invention is attached | subjected and demonstrated, it is not limited to this embodiment.
The invention according to claim 1 is a property measuring device for measuring the property of the measurement object (2), wherein the property of the measurement object is measured based on the attenuation amount of the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted through the measurement object. It is a property measuring apparatus (3) characterized by including a measuring means (3g).

請求項２の発明は、請求項１に記載の性状測定装置において、前記性状測定手段は、前記測定対象物を透過するGPS信号に基づいてこの測定対象物の性状を測定することを特徴とする性状測定装置である。   According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the property measuring apparatus according to the first aspect, the property measuring means measures the property of the measurement object based on a GPS signal transmitted through the measurement object. It is a property measuring device.

請求項３の発明は、請求項１又は請求項２に記載の性状測定装置において、前記性状測定手段は、前記測定対象物の水分量を測定することを特徴とする性状測定装置である。   A third aspect of the present invention is the property measuring apparatus according to the first or second aspect, wherein the property measuring means measures a moisture content of the measurement object.

請求項４の発明は、請求項１から請求項３までのいずれか１項に記載の性状測定装置において、前記性状測定手段は、前記測定対象物が積雪であるときにこの積雪内の水分量を測定することを特徴とする性状測定装置である。   According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the property measuring apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects, the property measuring means includes a moisture amount in the snow when the object to be measured is snow. It is the property measuring device characterized by measuring.

請求項５の発明は、請求項１から請求項４までのいずれか１項に記載の性状測定装置において、前記電磁波信号の減衰量と前記測定対象物の性状との相関関係を相関関係情報として記憶する相関関係情報記憶手段（３ｆ）を備え、前記性状測定手段は、前記電磁波信号の減衰量と前記相関関係情報とに基づいて前記測定対象物の性状を測定することを特徴とする性状測定装置である。   According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the property measuring apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the correlation between the attenuation amount of the electromagnetic wave signal and the property of the measurement object is used as correlation information. Correlation information storage means (3f) for storing, wherein the property measurement means measures the property of the measurement object based on the attenuation amount of the electromagnetic wave signal and the correlation information. Device.

この発明によると、簡単な構造によって低コストで測定対象物の性状を測定することができる。   According to the present invention, the property of the measurement object can be measured at a low cost with a simple structure.

以下、図面を参照して、この発明の実施形態について詳しく説明する。
図１は、この発明の実施形態に係る性状測定装置の構成図である。
図１に示す人工衛星１は、地球から地球軌道に打ち上げられた人工の天体であり、全地球測位システム(Global Positioning System(GPS))に使用されるGPS衛星である。ここで、全地球測位システムとは、地球の周回軌道を回るGPS衛星から発信される電磁波信号(GPS信号)をGPS受信機によって受信して、GPS信号がGPS受信機に到達するまでに要する時間に基づいてGPS衛星からの距離を演算し、現在地の緯度、経度及び高度を計測するシステムである。全地球測位システムは、６軌道面に４個ずつ配置され地上約2万kmを周回する24個のGPS衛星と、このGPS衛星を追跡し管制する管制局と、４個以上のGPS衛星からのGPS信号を受信する利用者のGPS受信機などから構成されている。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a property measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
An artificial satellite 1 shown in FIG. 1 is an artificial celestial body launched from the earth into an earth orbit, and is a GPS satellite used in a global positioning system (GPS). Here, the global positioning system is the time it takes for a GPS receiver to receive an electromagnetic wave signal (GPS signal) transmitted from a GPS satellite orbiting the earth and reach the GPS receiver. This is a system that calculates the distance from GPS satellites based on, and measures the latitude, longitude, and altitude of the current location. The global positioning system consists of 24 GPS satellites, 4 each in 6 orbital planes, orbiting about 20,000 km above the ground, a control station that tracks and controls these GPS satellites, and 4 or more GPS satellites. It consists of the user's GPS receiver that receives GPS signals.

測定対象物２は、性状測定装置３によって性状が測定される被測定物である。測定対象物２は、例えば積雪であり、水分を含む濡れ雪などである。   The measuring object 2 is an object to be measured whose properties are measured by the property measuring device 3. The measurement object 2 is, for example, snow and is wet snow containing moisture.

性状測定装置３は、測定対象物２の性状を測定する装置である。性状測定装置３は、測定対象物２内を透過する電波(GPS信号)を受信してこのGPS信号の減衰量(電波の強さ)を連続的に自動で測定し、測定対象物２の水分などの性状を非破壊で推定する。性状測定装置３は、例えば、鉄道車両の屋根上又は鉄道車両が走行する線路に沿って設置される。性状測定装置３は、図１に示すように、信号受信部３ａ，３ｂと、信号処理部３ｃと、信号減衰量演算部３ｄと、減衰量情報記憶部３ｅと、相関関係情報記憶部３ｆと、性状測定部３ｇと、性状情報記憶部３ｈと、性状情報出力部３ｉと、プログラム記憶部３ｊと、給電部３ｋと、制御部３ｍなどを備えている。   The property measuring device 3 is a device that measures the property of the measurement object 2. The property measuring device 3 receives the radio wave (GPS signal) transmitted through the measurement object 2 and continuously and automatically measures the attenuation amount (intensity of the radio wave) of the GPS signal. The properties such as are estimated nondestructively. The property measuring device 3 is installed, for example, on the roof of a railway vehicle or along a track on which the railway vehicle travels. As shown in FIG. 1, the property measuring device 3 includes signal receiving units 3a and 3b, a signal processing unit 3c, a signal attenuation calculation unit 3d, an attenuation information storage unit 3e, and a correlation information storage unit 3f. , A property measuring unit 3g, a property information storage unit 3h, a property information output unit 3i, a program storage unit 3j, a power feeding unit 3k, a control unit 3m, and the like.

信号受信部３ａは、測定対象物２を透過する電磁波信号を受信する手段であり、信号受信部３ｂは測定対象物２を透過しない電磁波信号を受信する手段である。信号受信部３ａ，３ｂは、例えば、全地球測位システムのGPS衛星が出力するGPS信号を受信するGPS受信機(GPSアンテナ)である。信号受信部３ａは、測定対象物２の下方に設置され測定対象物２に覆われる試験局であり、信号受信部３ｂは測定対象物２に覆われていない基準局である。信号受信部３ａは、測定対象物２を透過した電磁波信号を信号処理部３ｃに出力し、信号受信部３ｂは測定対象物２を透過しない電磁波信号を信号処理部３ｃに出力する。   The signal receiving unit 3 a is a unit that receives an electromagnetic wave signal that passes through the measurement object 2, and the signal reception unit 3 b is a unit that receives an electromagnetic wave signal that does not pass through the measurement object 2. The signal receivers 3a and 3b are, for example, GPS receivers (GPS antennas) that receive GPS signals output from GPS satellites of the global positioning system. The signal receiving unit 3 a is a test station that is installed below the measurement object 2 and is covered with the measurement object 2, and the signal reception unit 3 b is a reference station that is not covered with the measurement object 2. The signal receiving unit 3a outputs an electromagnetic wave signal that has passed through the measurement object 2 to the signal processing unit 3c, and the signal reception unit 3b outputs an electromagnetic wave signal that does not pass through the measurement object 2 to the signal processing unit 3c.

信号処理部３ｃは、信号受信部３ａ，３ｂが出力する電磁波信号を処理する手段である。信号処理部３ｃは、例えば、信号受信部３ａ，３ｂが出力する電磁波信号を増幅する増幅回路と、この増幅回路の出力信号から所定の周波数成分を除去するフィルタ回路などを備えている。信号処理部３ｃは、処理後の電磁波信号を制御部３ｍに出力する。   The signal processing unit 3c is means for processing the electromagnetic wave signal output from the signal receiving units 3a and 3b. The signal processing unit 3c includes, for example, an amplification circuit that amplifies the electromagnetic wave signal output from the signal reception units 3a and 3b, and a filter circuit that removes a predetermined frequency component from the output signal of the amplification circuit. The signal processing unit 3c outputs the processed electromagnetic wave signal to the control unit 3m.

信号減衰量演算部３ｄは、信号受信部３ａ，３ｂの受信結果に基づいて、測定対象物２を透過する電磁波信号の減衰量を演算する手段である。信号減衰量演算部３ｄは、例えば、信号受信部３ｂが受信した測定対象物２を透過していないGPS信号（基準値）と、信号受信部３ａが受信した測定対象物２を透過したGPS信号（検出値）とを比較する。信号減衰量演算部３ｄは、信号受信部３ｂの信号レベルに対して信号受信部３ａの信号レベルがどれだけ低下しているかを演算し、測定対象物２を透過したGPS信号の減衰量を演算する。信号減衰量演算部３ｄは、電磁波信号の減衰量を減衰量情報として制御部３ｍに出力する。   The signal attenuation amount calculation unit 3d is means for calculating the attenuation amount of the electromagnetic wave signal that passes through the measurement object 2 based on the reception results of the signal reception units 3a and 3b. The signal attenuation amount calculation unit 3d includes, for example, a GPS signal (reference value) that is not transmitted through the measurement object 2 received by the signal reception unit 3b and a GPS signal that is transmitted through the measurement object 2 received by the signal reception unit 3a. (Detected value) is compared. The signal attenuation amount calculation unit 3d calculates how much the signal level of the signal reception unit 3a is lower than the signal level of the signal reception unit 3b, and calculates the attenuation amount of the GPS signal that has passed through the measurement object 2. To do. The signal attenuation amount calculation unit 3d outputs the attenuation amount of the electromagnetic wave signal to the control unit 3m as attenuation amount information.

減衰量情報記憶部３ｅは、信号減衰量演算部３ｄの演算結果を記憶する手段である。減衰量情報記憶部３ｅは、例えば、信号減衰量演算部３ｄが演算したGPS信号の減衰量を減衰量情報として記憶するメモリである。   The attenuation amount information storage unit 3e is means for storing the calculation result of the signal attenuation amount calculation unit 3d. The attenuation amount information storage unit 3e is a memory that stores, for example, the attenuation amount of the GPS signal calculated by the signal attenuation amount calculation unit 3d as attenuation amount information.

図２は、この発明の実施形態に係る性状測定装置の相関関係情報記憶部のデータ構造を模式的に示す図である。
相関関係情報記憶部３ｆは、信号受信部３ａが受信した電磁波信号の減衰量と測定対象物２の性状との相関関係を相関関係情報として記憶する手段である。相関関係情報記憶部３ｆは、例えば、図２に示すように、信号受信部３ａが受信したGPS信号の減衰量と積雪内部の含水率との相関関係を表す信号減衰量−含水率曲線Ｃを相関関係情報としてデータベース化して記憶するメモリである。ここで、図２に示す横軸は積雪内部の含水率であり、縦軸はGPS信号の減衰量であり、図２に示すように濡れ雪の内部を透過するGPS信号の減衰量が積雪内部の含水率によって変化しており、GPS信号の減衰量が大きくなるほど積雪内部の含水率も大きくなっている。 FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the data structure of the correlation information storage unit of the property measuring apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
The correlation information storage unit 3f is means for storing the correlation between the attenuation amount of the electromagnetic wave signal received by the signal receiving unit 3a and the property of the measurement object 2 as correlation information. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the correlation information storage unit 3 f generates a signal attenuation amount-water content curve C that represents the correlation between the GPS signal attenuation received by the signal receiving unit 3 a and the moisture content inside the snow. It is a memory that stores a database as correlation information. Here, the horizontal axis shown in FIG. 2 is the moisture content inside the snow cover, the vertical axis is the GPS signal attenuation, and the GPS signal attenuation passing through the inside of the wet snow is shown in FIG. The moisture content inside the snow cover increases as the GPS signal attenuation increases.

性状測定部３ｇは、測定対象物２を透過する電磁波信号の減衰量に基づいてこの測定対象物２の性状を測定する手段である。性状測定部３ｇは、減衰量情報記憶部３ｅが記憶する減衰量情報と相関関係情報記憶部３ｆが記憶する相関関係情報とに基づいて測定対象物２の水分を測定する。性状測定部３ｇは、例えば、測定対象物２が積雪であるときにはこの積雪内の水分を測定する。性状測定部３ｇは、例えば、図２に示すように、GPS信号の減衰量に対応する積雪内部の含水率を信号減衰量−含水率曲線Ｃを参照して推定する。性状測定部３ｇは、測定対象物２の性状に関する性状情報を制御部３ｍに出力する。   The property measuring unit 3g is a means for measuring the property of the measurement object 2 based on the attenuation amount of the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted through the measurement object 2. The property measuring unit 3g measures the water content of the measurement object 2 based on the attenuation information stored in the attenuation information storage unit 3e and the correlation information stored in the correlation information storage unit 3f. For example, the property measuring unit 3g measures moisture in the snow when the measurement object 2 is snow. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the property measuring unit 3 g estimates the moisture content inside the snow corresponding to the attenuation amount of the GPS signal with reference to the signal attenuation amount-moisture content curve C. The property measuring unit 3g outputs property information relating to the property of the measurement object 2 to the control unit 3m.

図１に示す性状情報記憶部３ｈは、性状測定部３ｇの測定結果を記憶する手段である。性状情報記憶部３ｈは、例えば、積雪内部の含水率などの性状を性状情報として記憶するメモリである。   The property information storage unit 3h shown in FIG. 1 is means for storing the measurement result of the property measurement unit 3g. The property information storage unit 3h is a memory that stores properties such as moisture content inside snow as property information.

性状情報出力部３ｉは、性状測定部３ｇの測定結果を出力する手段である。性状情報出力部３ｉは、例えば、性状測定部３ｇが測定した性状情報を表示装置や印刷装置などの外部機器に出力する。   The property information output unit 3i is means for outputting the measurement result of the property measurement unit 3g. For example, the property information output unit 3i outputs the property information measured by the property measurement unit 3g to an external device such as a display device or a printing device.

プログラム記憶部３ｊは、測定対象物２の性状を測定するための性状測定プログラムを記憶する手段である。プログラム記憶部３ｊは、情報記録媒体から読み取った性状測定プログラムや、電気通信回線を通じて取り込まれた性状測定プログラムなどを記憶するメモリである。   The program storage unit 3j is means for storing a property measurement program for measuring the property of the measurement object 2. The program storage unit 3j is a memory that stores a property measurement program read from an information recording medium, a property measurement program fetched through an electric communication line, and the like.

給電部３ｋは、性状測定装置３に電力を供給する手段である。給電部３ｋは、例えば、性状測定装置３に着脱自在に装着され交換可能な電池である。   The power feeding unit 3 k is means for supplying power to the property measuring device 3. The power feeding unit 3k is, for example, a battery that is detachably attached to the property measuring device 3 and can be replaced.

制御部３ｍは、性状測定装置３の種々の動作を制御する手段(中央処理部(CPU))である。制御部３ｍは、プログラム記憶部３ｊから性状測定プログラムを読み出して性状測定装置３のコンピュータに所定の処理を指令し実行させる。制御部３ｍは、例えば、信号減衰量演算部３ｄに電磁波信号の減衰量の演算を指令したり、減衰量情報記憶部３ｅに減衰量情報の記録を指令したり、減衰量情報記憶部３ｅから減衰量情報を読み出したり、相関関係情報記憶部３ｆから相関関係情報を読み出したり、性状測定部３ｇに測定対象物２の性状の測定を指令したり、性状情報記憶部３ｈに性状情報の記録を指令したり、性状情報記憶部３ｈから性状情報を読み出したり、性状情報出力部３ｉに性状情報の出力を指令したり、給電部３ｋに電力の供給を指令したりする。制御部３ｍには、図１に示すように、信号受信部３ａ，３ｂ、信号処理部３ｃ、信号減衰量演算部３ｄ、減衰量情報記憶部３ｅ、相関関係情報記憶部３ｆ、性状測定部３ｇ、性状情報記憶部３ｈ、性状情報出力部３ｉ、プログラム記憶部３ｊ及び給電部３ｋが図示しない通信手段によって相互に通信可能なように接続されている。   The control unit 3m is means (central processing unit (CPU)) for controlling various operations of the property measuring apparatus 3. The control unit 3m reads the property measurement program from the program storage unit 3j and instructs the computer of the property measurement apparatus 3 to execute a predetermined process. For example, the control unit 3m instructs the signal attenuation amount calculation unit 3d to calculate the attenuation amount of the electromagnetic wave signal, instructs the attenuation amount information storage unit 3e to record the attenuation amount information, or from the attenuation amount information storage unit 3e. Reads attenuation information, reads correlation information from the correlation information storage unit 3f, instructs the property measurement unit 3g to measure the property of the measurement object 2, and records property information in the property information storage unit 3h. Command, read property information from the property information storage unit 3h, command the property information output unit 3i to output property information, or command the power supply unit 3k to supply power. As shown in FIG. 1, the control unit 3m includes signal receiving units 3a and 3b, a signal processing unit 3c, a signal attenuation calculation unit 3d, an attenuation information storage unit 3e, a correlation information storage unit 3f, and a property measurement unit 3g. The property information storage unit 3h, the property information output unit 3i, the program storage unit 3j, and the power feeding unit 3k are connected so as to be able to communicate with each other by a communication unit (not shown).

次に、この発明の実施形態に係る性状測定装置の動作を説明する。
図３は、この発明の実施形態に係る性状測定装置の動作を説明するためのフローチャートである。以下では、制御部３ｍの動作を中心として説明する。
ステップ（以下、Ｓという）１００において、図１に示す制御部３ｍが性状測定プログラムを読み込む。図示しない電源スイッチがONすると電力の供給を制御部３ｍが給電部３ｋに指令し、給電部３ｋが性状測定装置３に電力を供給するとともに、プログラム記憶部３ｊから性状測定プログラムを制御部３ｍが読み込み一連の処理を開始する。制御部３ｍは、例えば、所定の時間間隔をあけて一連の処理を繰り返し実行する。 Next, the operation of the property measuring apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the property measuring apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. Below, it demonstrates centering around operation | movement of the control part 3m.
In step (hereinafter referred to as S) 100, the control unit 3m shown in FIG. 1 reads the property measurement program. When a power switch (not shown) is turned on, the control unit 3m instructs the power supply unit 3k to supply power. The power supply unit 3k supplies power to the property measuring device 3, and the control unit 3m receives the property measurement program from the program storage unit 3j. Start a series of reading processes. For example, the control unit 3m repeatedly executes a series of processes at predetermined time intervals.

Ｓ１１０において、信号減衰量の演算開始を信号減衰量演算部３ｄに制御部３ｍが指令する。その結果、測定対象物２を透過した電磁波信号を信号受信部３ａが検出するとともに、測定対象物２を透過しない電磁波信号を信号受信部３ｂが検出して、信号処理部３ｃが出力する電磁波信号の減衰量を信号減衰量演算部３ｄが演算し、この演算結果を減衰量情報として制御部３ｍに出力する。   In S110, the control unit 3m instructs the signal attenuation amount calculation unit 3d to start calculation of the signal attenuation amount. As a result, the signal receiving unit 3a detects the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted through the measurement object 2, and the signal reception unit 3b detects the electromagnetic wave signal not transmitted through the measurement object 2, and the electromagnetic wave signal output from the signal processing unit 3c. Is calculated by the signal attenuation amount calculation unit 3d, and the calculation result is output to the control unit 3m as attenuation amount information.

Ｓ１２０において、減衰量情報の記録を減衰量情報記憶部３ｅに制御部３ｍが指令する。その結果、減衰量情報記憶部３ｅに減衰量情報を制御部３ｍが出力して、この減衰量情報を減衰量情報記憶部３ｅが記録する。   In S120, the control unit 3m instructs the attenuation information storage unit 3e to record the attenuation information. As a result, the control unit 3m outputs the attenuation amount information to the attenuation amount information storage unit 3e, and the attenuation amount information storage unit 3e records the attenuation amount information.

Ｓ１３０において、相関関係情報を相関関係情報記憶部３ｆから制御部３ｍが読み出す。その結果、相関関係情報を相関関係情報記憶部３ｆから制御部３ｍが読み出してこの相関関係情報を性状測定部３ｇに出力する。   In S130, the control unit 3m reads the correlation information from the correlation information storage unit 3f. As a result, the control unit 3m reads the correlation information from the correlation information storage unit 3f and outputs the correlation information to the property measurement unit 3g.

Ｓ１４０において、減衰量情報を減衰量情報記憶部３ｅから制御部３ｍが読み出す。その結果、減衰量情報記憶部３ｅから減衰量情報を制御部３ｍが読み出して性状測定部３ｇに出力する。   In S140, the control unit 3m reads the attenuation amount information from the attenuation amount information storage unit 3e. As a result, the control unit 3m reads the attenuation amount information from the attenuation amount information storage unit 3e and outputs it to the property measuring unit 3g.

Ｓ１５０において、性状測定の開始を性状測定部３ｇに制御部３ｍが指令する。その結果、例えば、図２に示すように、GPS信号の減衰量に対応する積雪内部の含水率を信号減衰量−含水率曲線Ｃを参照して性状測定部３ｇが測定し、この測定結果を性状情報として制御部３ｍに出力する。   In S150, the control unit 3m instructs the property measurement unit 3g to start property measurement. As a result, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, the property measuring unit 3g measures the moisture content inside the snow corresponding to the GPS signal attenuation with reference to the signal attenuation-moisture curve C, and the measurement result It outputs to the control part 3m as property information.

Ｓ１６０において、性状情報の記録を性状情報記憶部３ｈに制御部３ｍが指令する。その結果、性状情報記憶部３ｈに性状情報を制御部３ｍが出力して、この性状情報を性状情報記憶部３ｈが記録する。   In S160, the control unit 3m instructs the property information storage unit 3h to record the property information. As a result, the control unit 3m outputs the property information to the property information storage unit 3h, and the property information storage unit 3h records the property information.

この発明の実施形態に係る性状測定装置には、以下に記載するような効果がある。
(1) この実施形態では、測定対象物２を透過する電磁波信号の減衰量に基づいてこの測定対象物２の性状を性状測定部３ｇが測定する。その結果、従来の雪の含水率測定装置のような赤外線の反射光を利用する場合とは異なり、測定対象物２内を電磁波信号が透過するため、この測定対象物２の内部の性状を測定することができる。 The property measuring apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention has the following effects.
(1) In this embodiment, the property measuring unit 3g measures the property of the measurement object 2 based on the attenuation amount of the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted through the measurement object 2. As a result, unlike the case where infrared reflected light is used as in a conventional snow moisture content measuring device, an electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted through the measurement object 2, so that the internal properties of the measurement object 2 are measured. can do.

(2) この実施形態では、測定対象物２を透過するGPS信号に基づいてこの測定対象物２の性状を性状測定部３ｇが測定する。このため、従来の雪の含水率測定装置のような赤外線を照射する赤外線反射型センサなどの特別な装置を設置する必要がなくなって、GPS衛星からのGPS信号を測定対象物２の性状測定に利用することができる。その結果、性状測定装置３の構造が簡単になり低コスト化を図ることができる。特に、GPS信号を受信して車両の現在位置を検出可能な鉄道車両の場合には、このGPS信号を受信するGPS受信機を利用して性状測定装置３を簡単に構成することができる。また、指向性がなく広範囲で受信可能なGPS信号を利用することによって、測定対象物２の性状を手軽に測定することができる。 (2) In this embodiment, the property measuring unit 3g measures the property of the measurement object 2 based on the GPS signal transmitted through the measurement object 2. For this reason, there is no need to install a special device such as an infrared reflective sensor that irradiates infrared rays as in the conventional snow moisture content measuring device, and GPS signals from GPS satellites are used to measure the properties of the measurement object 2. Can be used. As a result, the structure of the property measuring device 3 is simplified and the cost can be reduced. In particular, in the case of a railway vehicle that can detect a current position of a vehicle by receiving a GPS signal, the property measuring device 3 can be easily configured using a GPS receiver that receives the GPS signal. Moreover, the property of the measuring object 2 can be easily measured by using a GPS signal which has no directivity and can be received in a wide range.

(3) この実施形態では、性状測定部３ｇが測定対象物２の水分量を測定する。その結果、従来の雪の含水率測定装置のような積雪表面の水分のみの測定とは異なり、測定対象物２の内部の水分を測定することができるため測定結果の信頼性を向上させることができる。 (3) In this embodiment, the property measuring unit 3g measures the moisture content of the measuring object 2. As a result, unlike the conventional measurement of the moisture content on the snow surface as in the conventional moisture content measuring device for snow, it is possible to measure the moisture inside the measurement object 2 and improve the reliability of the measurement result. it can.

(4) この実施形態では、測定対象物２が積雪であるときにこの積雪内の水分量を性状測定部３ｇが測定する。このため、例えば、鉄道車両などの移動体が走行する軌道上の積雪内部の含水率を測定して雪の舞上りの有無を推定し、雪の舞上り状況に応じて移動体の速度を規制することができるとともに、最適な規制速度を高決定することができる。 (4) In this embodiment, when the measurement object 2 is snow, the property measuring unit 3g measures the amount of water in the snow. For this reason, for example, the moisture content inside the snow cover on a track on which a moving body such as a railway vehicle travels is measured to estimate the presence or absence of snow rising, and the speed of the moving body is regulated according to the state of snow rising. In addition, the optimum regulation speed can be determined at a high level.

(5) この実施形態では、電磁波信号の減衰量と測定対象物２の性状との相関関係を相関関係情報として相関関係情報記憶部３ｆが記憶し、電磁波信号の減衰量と相関関係情報とに基づいて測定対象物２の性状を性状測定部３ｇが測定する。このため、例えば、GPS信号の減衰量と積雪内部の含水率との相関関係を予め記憶しておくことによって、GPS信号の減衰量に基づいて積雪内部の含水率を簡単に推定することができる。 (5) In this embodiment, the correlation information storage unit 3f stores the correlation between the attenuation amount of the electromagnetic wave signal and the property of the measurement object 2 as correlation information, and the attenuation amount of the electromagnetic wave signal and the correlation information are stored in the correlation information. Based on this, the property measuring unit 3g measures the property of the measurement object 2. For this reason, for example, by storing in advance the correlation between the GPS signal attenuation and the moisture content inside the snow, the moisture content inside the snow can be easily estimated based on the GPS signal attenuation. .

次に、この発明の実施例について説明する。
図４は、着雪試験装置のGPSアンテナの仮設状況を示す概略図である。図５は、着雪試験装置のGPSアンテナの着雪状態を概略的に示す断面図である。 Next, examples of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a temporary situation of the GPS antenna of the snow accretion test apparatus. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a snowing state of the GPS antenna of the snow accumulating test apparatus.

図４に示す着雪試験装置１０は、GPS信号の減衰量と積雪内部の含水率との関係を確認するための試験装置である。着雪試験装置１０は、基準局１０ａと、試験局１０ｂと、着雪１０ｃと、台座１０ｄなどを備えている。基準局１０ａは、雪に覆われていないGPSアンテナであり、試験局１０ｂは雪に覆われたGPSアンテナである。着雪１０ｃは、試験局１０ｂを埋没させた雪であり、試験局１０ｂを中心としてこの試験局１０ｂ上に円柱状に付着させている。台座１０ｄは、基準局１０ａ、試験局１０ｂ及び着雪１０ｃを支持する部材である。着雪試験は、財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所の塩沢雪害防止実験所（新潟県南魚沼市）にて行った。基準局１０ａ及び試験局１０ｂには、船舶などで使用されている古野電気株式会社製GSA-019を使用した。雪試料は、実験棟屋上に自然堆積したしまり雪（φ0.5mm程度）を用い、GPSアンテナ上の雪の厚Ｂさ及び含水率を調整して、GPSアンテナが受信したGPS信号のキャリア対雑音比C/N0を測定した。ここで、キャリア対雑音比C/N0＝キャリア電力C/ノイズ電力密度N0である。 The snow accretion test apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 4 is a test apparatus for confirming the relationship between the attenuation amount of the GPS signal and the moisture content inside the snow cover. The snow accretion test apparatus 10 includes a reference station 10a, a test station 10b, a snow accretion 10c, a pedestal 10d, and the like. The reference station 10a is a GPS antenna that is not covered with snow, and the test station 10b is a GPS antenna that is covered with snow. The snow accretion 10c is snow in which the test station 10b is buried, and is attached in a cylindrical shape on the test station 10b with the test station 10b as a center. The base 10d is a member that supports the reference station 10a, the test station 10b, and the snowfall 10c. The snow accretion test was conducted at the Shiozawa Snow Damage Prevention Laboratory (Minami Uonuma City, Niigata Prefecture) of the Railway Technical Research Institute. For the reference station 10a and the test station 10b, GSA-019 manufactured by Furuno Electric Co., Ltd. used in ships and the like was used. The snow sample is snow that has accumulated naturally on the roof of the laboratory building (φ0.5mm), and the thickness of the snow on the GPS antenna and the moisture content are adjusted, and the carrier-to-noise of the GPS signal received by the GPS antenna The ratio C / N 0 was measured. Here, carrier-to-noise ratio C / N 0 = carrier power C / noise power density N 0 .

先ず、乾き雪がGPSアンテナに付着した場合の測位に及ぼす影響を確認したところ、雪の厚さＢが400mm程度まで測位に影響がないことが確認された。次に、濡れ雪がGPSアンテナに付着した場合の測位に及ぼす影響を確認したところ、含水率が40%程度で雪の厚さＢが50mm以上であるとキャリア対雑音比C/N0が約30dBとなり、測位不能であることが確認された。 First, when the influence on the positioning when dry snow adhered to the GPS antenna was confirmed, it was confirmed that the positioning did not affect the positioning until the snow thickness B was about 400 mm. Next, when the influence of wet snow on the GPS antenna was confirmed, the carrier-to-noise ratio C / N 0 was about 30 dB when the moisture content was about 40% and the snow thickness B was 50 mm or more. It was confirmed that positioning was impossible.

図６は、GPS信号のキャリア対雑音比と含水率との関係を示すグラフである。
次に、GPSアンテナに付着した雪に含まれる水分とGPS信号のキャリア対雑音比との関係を確認した。基準局１０ａには雪を付着させず、試験局１０ｂには含水率が約17%、約24%及び約39%の雪を付着させて、図６に示すように基準局１０ａ及び試験局１０ｂが受信したGPS信号のキャリア対雑音比C/N0の最大値、最小値及び平均値を測定した。ここで、図６に示す基準局１０ａのキャリア対雑音比C/N0は、試験局１０ｂと同時刻における同じGPS衛星の値である。試験局１０ｂのキャリア対雑音比C/N0は、それぞれの含水率において図５に示す雪の厚さＢが50mm以下となったGPS衛星の値である。その結果、図６に示すように、基準局１０ａのキャリア対雑音比C/N0は、平均50dB(52〜48dB)であった。一方、試験局１０ｂのキャリア対雑音比C/N0は、含水率が約17%のとき平均50dB(52〜47dB)、含水率が約24%のとき平均47dB(49〜44dB)、含水率が約39%のとき平均44dB(48〜40dB)であり、含水率が大きいほどキャリア対雑音比C/N0が低くなる傾向が確認された。その結果、積雪を透過するGPS信号の減衰量を測定することによって積雪内部の含水率を推定可能であることが確認された。 FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the carrier-to-noise ratio of the GPS signal and the moisture content.
Next, the relationship between the moisture contained in the snow attached to the GPS antenna and the carrier-to-noise ratio of the GPS signal was confirmed. Snow is not attached to the reference station 10a, and snow having a moisture content of about 17%, about 24%, and about 39% is attached to the test station 10b, and the reference station 10a and the test station 10b receive as shown in FIG. The maximum value, minimum value, and average value of the carrier-to-noise ratio C / N 0 of the GPS signal were measured. Here, the carrier-to-noise ratio C / N 0 of the reference station 10a shown in FIG. 6 is the value of the same GPS satellite at the same time as the test station 10b. The carrier-to-noise ratio C / N 0 of the test station 10b is a value of a GPS satellite in which the snow thickness B shown in FIG. 5 is 50 mm or less at each moisture content. As a result, as shown in FIG. 6, the carrier-to-noise ratio C / N 0 of the reference station 10a was an average of 50 dB (52 to 48 dB). On the other hand, the carrier-to-noise ratio C / N 0 of the test station 10b is an average of 50 dB (52 to 47 dB) when the moisture content is about 17%, and an average of 47 dB (49 to 44 dB) when the moisture content is about 24%. An average of 44 dB (48 to 40 dB) was about 39%, and it was confirmed that the carrier-to-noise ratio C / N 0 tended to decrease as the water content increased. As a result, it was confirmed that the moisture content inside the snow can be estimated by measuring the attenuation of the GPS signal passing through the snow.

この発明は、以上説明した実施形態に限定するものではなく、以下に記載するように種々の変形又は変更が可能であり、これらもこの発明の範囲内である。
この実施形態では、測定対象物２として積雪を例に挙げて説明したがこれに限定するものではなく、砂などの堆積物についてもこの発明を適用することができる。この場合には、砂の性状を判定して砂が飛びやすい状況か否かを判定することができる。また、この実施形態では、電磁波信号としてGPS信号を例に挙げて説明したが、GPS信号以外の電波を利用することもできる。さらに、この実施形態では、測定対象物２の性状として含水率を測定する場合を例に挙げて説明したが、含水率以外に密度などの他の性状を測定することもできる。 The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and various modifications or changes can be made as described below, and these are also within the scope of the present invention.
In this embodiment, the snowy object has been described as an example of the measurement object 2, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can be applied to sediments such as sand. In this case, it is possible to determine whether or not the sand is likely to fly by determining the properties of the sand. In this embodiment, the GPS signal is described as an example of the electromagnetic wave signal. However, radio waves other than the GPS signal can be used. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the case where the moisture content is measured as the property of the measurement object 2 has been described as an example, but other properties such as density can be measured in addition to the moisture content.

この発明の実施形態に係る性状測定装置の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the property measuring apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. この発明の実施形態に係る性状測定装置の相関関係情報記憶部のデータ構造を模式的に示す図である。It is a figure which shows typically the data structure of the correlation information storage part of the property measuring apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. この発明の実施形態に係る性状測定装置の動作を説明するためのフローチャートである。It is a flowchart for demonstrating operation | movement of the property measuring apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 着雪試験装置のGPSアンテナの仮設状況を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows the temporary condition of the GPS antenna of a snow accretion test apparatus. 着雪試験装置のGPSアンテナの着雪状態を概略的に示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows roughly the snowing state of the GPS antenna of a snow accretion test apparatus. GPS信号のキャリア対雑音比と含水率との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the carrier to noise ratio of a GPS signal, and a moisture content.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 人工衛星
２ 測定対象物
３ 性状測定装置
３ａ，３ｂ 信号受信部
３ｃ 信号処理部
３ｄ 信号減衰量演算部
３ｅ 減衰量情報記憶部
３ｆ 相関関係情報記憶部
３ｇ 性状測定部
３ｈ 性状情報記憶部
３ｉ 性状情報出力部
３ｊ プログラム記憶部
３ｋ 給電部
３ｍ 制御部
１０ 着雪試験装置
１０ａ 基準局
１０ｂ 試験局
１０ｃ 着雪
１０ｄ 台座
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Artificial satellite 2 Measurement object 3 Property measuring apparatus 3a, 3b Signal receiving part 3c Signal processing part 3d Signal attenuation amount calculation part 3e Attenuation information storage part 3f Correlation information storage part 3g Property measurement part 3h Property information storage part 3i Property Information output unit 3j Program storage unit 3k Power feeding unit 3m Control unit 10 Snow accretion test apparatus 10a Reference station 10b Test station 10c Snow accretion 10d Pedestal

Claims (5)

測定対象物の性状を測定する性状測定装置であって、
前記測定対象物を透過する電磁波信号の減衰量に基づいてこの測定対象物の性状を測定する性状測定手段を備えること、
を特徴とする性状測定装置。 A property measuring device for measuring properties of a measurement object,
Comprising a property measuring means for measuring the property of the measurement object based on the attenuation amount of the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted through the measurement object;
A property measuring device characterized by 請求項１に記載の性状測定装置において、
前記性状測定手段は、前記測定対象物を透過するGPS信号に基づいてこの測定対象物の性状を測定すること、
を特徴とする性状測定装置。 The property measuring apparatus according to claim 1,
The property measuring means measures the property of the measurement object based on a GPS signal transmitted through the measurement object;
A property measuring device characterized by 請求項１又は請求項２に記載の性状測定装置において、
前記性状測定手段は、前記測定対象物の水分量を測定すること、
を特徴とする性状測定装置。 In the property measuring device according to claim 1 or 2,
The property measuring means measures the water content of the measurement object;
A property measuring device characterized by 請求項１から請求項３までのいずれか１項に記載の性状測定装置において、
前記性状測定手段は、前記測定対象物が積雪であるときにこの積雪内の水分量を測定すること、
を特徴とする性状測定装置。 In the property measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The property measuring means measures the amount of water in the snow when the object to be measured is snow;
A property measuring device characterized by 請求項１から請求項４までのいずれか１項に記載の性状測定装置において、
前記電磁波信号の減衰量と前記測定対象物の性状との相関関係を相関関係情報として記憶する相関関係情報記憶手段を備え、
前記性状測定手段は、前記電磁波信号の減衰量と前記相関関係情報とに基づいて前記測定対象物の性状を測定すること、
を特徴とする性状測定装置。
In the property measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Correlation information storage means for storing the correlation between the attenuation amount of the electromagnetic wave signal and the property of the measurement object as correlation information,
The property measuring means measures the property of the measurement object based on the attenuation amount of the electromagnetic wave signal and the correlation information;
A property measuring device characterized by
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CN116068670B (en) * 2023-03-30 2023-06-06 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 Real-time reconstruction method and device for Beidou water vapor field suitable for ground-free network area

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CN103344653A (en) * 2013-06-13 2013-10-09 武汉大学 Real-time soil humidity measuring system and method based on double GPS receivers
CN103344653B (en) * 2013-06-13 2015-04-01 武汉大学 Real-time soil humidity measuring system and method based on double GPS receivers
CN116068670B (en) * 2023-03-30 2023-06-06 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 Real-time reconstruction method and device for Beidou water vapor field suitable for ground-free network area

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