JP2007207258A - Distributed control system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a distributed control system which reliably distributes common control data required for control to each control computer connected in a distributed manner on a transmission line, without leakage. <P>SOLUTION: Each control computer 61, ..., 6n, 71, ..., 7n informs a server station 4 of each start completion through the transmission line 3. The server station 4 is informed of the start completion from each control computer 61, ..., 6n, 71, ..., 7n, and distributes the common control data required for control to each control computer 61, ..., 6n, 71, ..., 7n of an informing source. Consequently, even when the server station 4 does not store a distribution record and does not hold control computer constitution information, it is possible to reliably distribute the common control data required for control to each control computer. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to various buildings (multipurpose intelligent buildings, office buildings, residential buildings, etc.), various plants such as water / sewage plants, airport systems, and more particularly to a distributed control system that performs monitoring control of these various plants.

  Conventionally, in a plant monitoring control system used in various buildings, various water plants, etc., a centralized control method using a central monitoring control system has been mainstream. Such a central supervisory control system includes a central computer and a plurality of local controllers connected to the central computer via transmission lines, and the plant equipment connected to each local controller by each local controller. It comes to control intensively. That is, in such a central supervisory control system, the central computer holds all data necessary for centralized control of plant equipment and performs calculations for complex control such as linked control of plant equipment. The resulting control request is sent from the central computer to the local controller. In addition, each local controller controls the plant equipment according to the content based on the control request transmitted from the central computer in this way.

  By the way, in such a central supervisory control system, the central computer holds all the data necessary for centrally controlling the plant equipment and performs calculations for complex control such as linked control of the plant equipment. Therefore, when the central computer malfunctions or stops, it is impossible to send a control request to the local controller, and the entire system cannot be controlled (the operation of all plant equipment is stopped). There is.

  Therefore, in recent years, a distributed control system that controls plant equipment independently for each local controller has been proposed from the viewpoint of distributing the risk of the system.

  By the way, in such a distributed control system, common control data is often used for control by each local controller. Such common control data can be set individually for each local controller, but from the viewpoint of reducing the setting burden, it is distributed to all local controllers at the same time. It is desirable to do.

  In such a distributed control system, it is often useful that each local controller predicts a thermal load of a plant, a temperature change and the like and performs predictive control based on the prediction result. From the viewpoint of improving the prediction accuracy, it is desirable that such a predictive control be performed by each local controller with emphasis using measurement data obtained from all the local controllers, rather than each local controller alone. Specifically, for example, it is desirable to provide a prediction calculation station separately from each local controller and distribute the prediction value calculated by the prediction calculation station to each local controller.

  However, in the conventional distributed control system, even if common control data is distributed from the server station to the local controller, the local controller is abnormal or the transmission path to which the local controller is connected is abnormal However, there is a problem that common control data may not be received by the local controller.

  Further, in the conventional distributed control system, there is an appropriate method for distributing the predicted value calculated by the prediction calculation station to the local controller (the local controller that controls the plant equipment related to the predicted value). Not.

  In addition, if a predicted value cannot be received from the prediction calculation station for some reason in each local controller, there is also a problem that the prediction control cannot be continued only by the local controller.

  The present invention has been made in consideration of the above points, and does not leak common control data necessary for control to each control computer (local controller) distributed and connected on the transmission line. It is an object of the present invention to provide a distributed control system that can be reliably distributed.

  It is another object of the present invention to provide a distributed control system capable of performing predictive control reliably and accurately in each control computer (local controller) connected in a distributed manner on a transmission line.

  Furthermore, the present invention provides a distributed control system capable of performing PMV control appropriately and flexibly in accordance with the amount of clothes and the amount of activity in each control computer (local controller) connected in a distributed manner on a transmission line. With the goal.

  Furthermore, the present invention provides a distributed control system capable of easily and quickly grasping the relationship between plant equipment controlled by each control computer and various functions corresponding to the plant equipment. Objective.

  As a first solution, the present invention measures and collects data necessary for controlling plant equipment that is distributed and connected on a transmission line and is controlled, in a distributed control system for monitoring and controlling a plant. A plurality of control computers for controlling the plant equipment and the control line connected to the transmission path and used for the control computers, and for the measurement data of the plant equipment. Server station for filing, setting and display of data necessary for control by each control computer connected to the transmission path, display of measurement data of the plant equipment, and control status of the plant equipment A human interface that performs display and remote control of the plant equipment Each control computer has means for notifying the server station of the completion of activation of the control computer via the transmission line, and the server station completes activation from the control computer. The distributed control system is characterized in that it has means for distributing the control data common to each control computer to the control computer that received the notification.

  As a second solution, the present invention measures and collects data necessary for controlling plant equipment that is distributed and connected on a transmission line and is controlled, in a distributed control system for monitoring and controlling a plant. A plurality of control computers for controlling the plant equipment and the control line connected to the transmission path and used for the control computers, and for the measurement data of the plant equipment. Server station for filing, setting and display of data necessary for control by each control computer connected to the transmission path, display of measurement data of the plant equipment, and control status of the plant equipment A human interface that performs display and remote control of the plant equipment A control station, and the server station has a means for holding configuration information of each control computer, and a control common to each control computer from the human interface station to all of the control computers. When a data transmission request is made, the common control data is distributed to the corresponding control computer based on the configuration information of each control computer, and the distribution result is stored as a distribution record. And a means for performing redistribution in accordance with the distribution record with respect to a control computer that has failed in distribution.

  As a third solution, the present invention measures and collects data necessary for controlling plant equipment that is distributed and connected on a transmission line and is controlled, in a distributed control system that performs monitoring and control of a plant. A plurality of control computers for controlling the plant equipment and the control line connected to the transmission path and used for the control computers, and for the measurement data of the plant equipment. Server station for filing, setting and display of data necessary for control by each control computer connected to the transmission path, display of measurement data of the plant equipment, and control status of the plant equipment A human interface that performs display and remote control of the plant equipment And a prediction calculation station that calculates a predicted value used in the control of each control computer, and the prediction calculation station is input / output point information of each control computer necessary for controlling plant equipment. Distributed for each plant equipment, and means for determining the corresponding control computer based on the input / output point information held for each plant equipment and distributing the predicted value. Provide a control system.

  In the third solving means described above, the plant equipment is an air conditioner, and the prediction calculation station predicts an average radiation temperature for each air conditioning area, and a predicted value of the predicted average radiation temperature. Is distributed to a control computer having an air conditioner in charge of the air conditioning area, and each control computer calculates a PMV value using a predicted value of average radiation temperature distributed from the prediction calculation station. In addition, it is preferable to have means for performing PMV control of the air conditioner using the calculated PMV value.

  Each control computer further includes simple prediction means for predicting an average radiation temperature for each air-conditioning area using past history data, and the average radiation temperature is calculated from the prediction computation station even after a predetermined time has elapsed. When the predicted value is not distributed or when the distributed predicted value is abnormal, the PMV value is calculated using the predicted value of the average radiation temperature predicted by the simple predicting means, and the calculated PMV value It is preferable to perform PMV control of the air conditioner using

  Further, the plant equipment is an air conditioner, and the prediction calculation station predicts a change in room temperature for each air conditioning area according to a prediction request, and optimally starts the air conditioner so that the target room temperature is reached at the operation start time. Means for predicting the time, and means for transmitting the predicted value of the predicted optimum start time to the control computer that is the prediction request source, each control computer having a preset operation schedule of the air conditioner According to the above, the means for transmitting the prediction request for the optimal start time of the air conditioner together with the operation start time, the target room temperature and the air conditioning area identification number to the prediction calculation station, and the optimum condition of the air conditioner transmitted from the prediction calculation station It is preferable to have a means for starting the air conditioner based on the predicted value of the start time.

  Furthermore, each of the control computers further includes simple predicting means for predicting a change in room temperature for each air-conditioning area using past history data. It is preferable to start the air conditioner at the optimal startup time based on the change in the room temperature predicted by the simple prediction means when the predicted value of the optimal startup time is not distributed or when the distributed predicted value is abnormal. .

  As a fourth solution, the present invention measures and collects data necessary for controlling plant equipment that is distributed and connected on a transmission line and is controlled, in a distributed control system for monitoring and controlling a plant. A plurality of control computers for controlling the plant equipment and the control line connected to the transmission path and used for the control computers, and for the measurement data of the plant equipment. Server station for filing, setting and display of data necessary for control by each control computer connected to the transmission path, display of measurement data of the plant equipment, and control status of the plant equipment A human interface that performs display and remote control of the plant equipment The plant equipment includes an air conditioner, and the human interface station takes into account the seasonal clothing amount, activity amount, and seasonal switching date input for each air conditioning area. Means for distributing to a control computer having an air conditioner, each control computer having means for holding a plurality of sets of neuro PMV parameters corresponding to the combination of the amount of clothes and the amount of activity, and according to the switching date of the season And a means for switching the neuro PMV parameter and a means for calculating the PMV value by the neuro calculation using the switched neuro PMV parameter and performing PMV control of the air conditioner using the calculated PMV value. A distributed control system is provided.

  As a fifth solution, the present invention measures and collects data necessary for controlling plant equipment that is distributed and connected on a transmission line and is controlled, in a distributed control system that performs monitoring and control of a plant. A plurality of control computers for controlling the plant equipment and the control line connected to the transmission path and used for the control computers, and for the measurement data of the plant equipment. Server station for filing, setting and display of data necessary for control by each control computer connected to the transmission path, display of measurement data of the plant equipment, and control status of the plant equipment A human interface that performs display and remote control of the plant equipment The human interface station and the server station are registered in relation to the input / output point information together with the input / output point information of each control computer held corresponding to the plant equipment. A distribution comprising: means for holding auxiliary information related to various functions; and means for expanding a display screen of various functions related to the input / output point information based on the input / output point information and the auxiliary information Provide a control system.

  According to the first solving means of the present invention, each control computer notifies the server station of the completion of its own activation via the transmission line, and the server station receives the notification of the completion of activation from each control computer. Then, common control data necessary for control is distributed to the control computer of the notification source. As a result, even when the server station does not store the distribution record and does not hold the control computer configuration information, the common control data necessary for control is not leaked to the control computer without fail. Can be delivered.

  According to the second solving means of the present invention, when the server station distributes common control data necessary for control to each control computer, the server station receives a distribution request from the human interface station. The server station stores the control data, distributes it to each control computer, and stores the distribution result as a distribution record. Then, redistribution is performed to the control computer that has failed to be delivered when it returns to normal. As a result, common control data necessary for control can be reliably and securely distributed to each control computer.

  According to the third solving means of the present invention, the prediction calculation station holds the input / output point information used in the control by each control computer as the distribution destination information of the predicted value, and from the transmission line to the control computer. It receives broadcasts of changed signals, constantly updates them to the latest values, collects data necessary for prediction, and predicts heat load and temperature changes for each air conditioning area. Then, the prediction result is distributed to each control computer, and PMV control or the like is performed by each control computer. Therefore, predictive control can be performed reliably and accurately in each control computer connected in a distributed manner on the transmission line. Further, in the control computer, by predicting the predicted value of average radiation temperature or the change in room temperature (optimum start time) by the simple prediction means for each cycle, the prediction calculation station and the prediction calculation station can detect the abnormality of the transmission path. Even if the predicted value of the average radiation temperature or the optimum start time is not received even after the predetermined time has elapsed, or the predicted value of the average radiation temperature or the predicted value of the optimum start time by the prediction calculation station is abnormal, Although the prediction accuracy of the average radiation temperature or the optimal start-up time is reduced, control can be continued even when the predicted value from the prediction calculation station cannot be obtained, and this can improve the reliability of the distributed control system. it can.

  According to the fourth solving means of the present invention, the amount of clothing and the amount of activity of a person working in a tenant or the like existing in the air conditioning area in the building are set for each air conditioning area, and the amount of clothing in each control computer is set. Since neuro PMV control is performed using neuro PMV parameters according to the amount of activity, PMV control can be performed appropriately and flexibly according to the presence / absence of clothes change, the difference in clothing amount due to uniforms, the difference in activity amount, etc. it can.

  According to the fifth solving means of the present invention, the input / output point information held in each control computer and the input / output point information backed up at the human interface station and the server station as copy data are related. Auxiliary information indicating the presence or absence of various functions related to automatic control, etc. has been registered, so in the human interface, simply select an input / output point from the input / output point information list screen or graphic screen and select the related function item. Thus, the screen of each function assigned to the input / output point can be quickly expanded and displayed. For this reason, it is possible to easily and quickly grasp the relevance between the plant equipment controlled by each control computer and various functions corresponding to the plant equipment.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the common control data required for control can be reliably delivered without omission with respect to each control computer distributedly connected on the transmission line. In addition, predictive control can be performed reliably and accurately in each control computer connected in a distributed manner on the transmission path. Furthermore, PMV control can be performed appropriately and flexibly in accordance with the amount of clothes and the amount of activity in each control computer distributed and connected on the transmission line. Furthermore, the relevance between the plant equipment controlled by each control computer and various functions corresponding to the plant equipment can be easily and quickly grasped.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

First Embodiment First, a first embodiment of a distributed control system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a transmission line 3 includes human interface stations (hereinafter also referred to as “HIS”) 1, 2, a server station (SVS) 4, a network printer (PRT) 5, and a plurality of control computers (LOC). 61,..., 6n, a direct digital controller (DDC) 10 and a repeater 8 are connected. In addition, a plurality of control computers 71,..., 7 n and a digital controller 11 are connected to the transmission line 3 via a repeater 8 and a transmission line 9.

  In FIG. 1, HIS 1 and 2 are the setting and display of data necessary for control by each control computer 61,..., 6n, 71,. The measurement data of the plant equipment controlled by 7n and the control status of the plant equipment are displayed, and the plant equipment is remotely operated. Specifically, the HIS 1 and 2 can perform setting and display of input / output signals of plant equipment, display of instrumentation flow, creation / display of daily / monthly reports, display of process values of plant equipment, etc. It can be done.

  Here, a multi-window display system capable of simultaneously displaying a plurality of windows is adopted for the screen display units (not shown) of the HIS 1 and 2. That is, in HIS1 and 2, OS (operating system) corresponding to the multi-window display method is used, and screens related to different plant equipment are displayed simultaneously, or a plant monitoring screen and a trend graph are displayed simultaneously. Can be done. In addition, a mouse, pen, and keyboard are connected to the HIS 1 and 2 human machine interface units (not shown), and settings for daily / monthly reports, graph settings, graphic screens (plan views of plants, etc.) Creation / change and print requests, operation / execution of various automatic control applications, display screen switching, and the like can be performed by operations of a mouse, a pen, a keyboard, and the like.

As the transmission lines 3 and 9, for example, Ethernet (registered trademark) can be adopted. As the transmission protocol, BACnet ^™ , a combination of BACnet ^™ and TCP / IP or UDP / IP, or a combination of the original protocol and TCP / IP or UDP / IP can be employed. Here, BACnet ^TM is a protocol standardized by the American academic society ASHRAE. In order to display the same data on the plurality of HISs 1 and 2 connected to the transmission path 3, each HIS 1 and 2 has each control computer 61, ..., 6n, 71, ..., 7n and a direct digital controller. 10 and 11 need to be polled. According to the polling method, it is possible to collect all necessary data in each of the HISs 1 and 2 and display the same data in each of the HISs 1 and 2.

  At least one server station 4 is installed to manage and back up control data used in each control computer 61,..., 6n, 71,. Is supposed to do. Specifically, the server station 4 stores all setting information of the distributed control system, filing of instantaneous value / average value / integrated value data as measurement data, storing history data, and storing setting information of various automatic control applications. Backup of system data, storage of form data such as daily / monthly reports, backup and download of various automatic control application programs and setting data of the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,. It is like that.

  A plurality of network printers 5 can be installed. Based on print control commands from the HIS1, HIS2 or server station 4, the printer prints control messages, alarms, history of occurrence / recovery, etc. Data forms can be printed, HIS 1 and 2 display screens can be hard-copy printed, and the like.

  The control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n measure and collect data (control data and measurement data, etc.) necessary for controlling plant equipment such as air conditioners, Control is performed. Specifically, the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n monitor and control the plant equipment based on control data (including setting information) necessary for various automatic controls. .

  Also, process input / output signals are managed, and form data for 1 to 7 days is stored.

  The types of process signals include analog input, analog output, analog input / output, digital input, digital output, digital input / output, and stacked value. Each of the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,.

  The direct digital controllers (DDC) 10 and 11 control air conditioners, lighting, heat source devices, pumps, and the like based on calculation results of manipulated variables such as flow rates. Like the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n, the direct digital controllers 10 and 11 hold control data (including setting information) necessary for various automatic controls, and perform control based on the data. . Also, process input / output signals are managed, and form data for 1 to 7 days is stored. The direct digital controllers 10 and 11 broadcast their transmissions to the network at regular intervals with their operating states as healthy statuses.

  When the transmission line 3 and the transmission line 9 are both Ethernet, the repeater 8 passes the data of the transmission lines 3 and 9 as they are. For example, the transmission line 3 is Ethernet and the other transmission line 9 is When using another transmission line different from Ethernet (for example, LON (LON is a registered trademark of L. Echelon, LON: Local Operating Network)), it is converted to the protocol of the other party transmission line as well as the function of the gateway device. It will have the function of sending data above.

  Next, the operation of the first embodiment of the present invention having such a configuration will be described. Here, the operation when setting common control data common to all the control computers to each control computer 61,..., 6n, 71,.

  First, as a premise, the server station 4 holds control computer configuration information as shown in FIG. 2 as definition information about each control computer 61,..., 6n, 71,.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the control computer configuration information indicates the connection state of 100 control computers (node numbers 1 to 100) by “1” or “0”. In FIG. 2, the part after “#” is a comment part of data. Here, a description will be given by taking as an example a line in which “# 21-30” is described. Of the bit expression sequence “1111111110” of the data portion, “1” means connection and “0” means no connection. is doing. Therefore, in this data portion, it can be seen that the control computers with the node numbers 21 to 29 are in the connected state, and the control computer with the node number 30 is in the unconnected state. Note that the control computer configuration information shown in FIG. 2 is stored in the form of a file or the like, and it is possible to easily cope with an increase in the number of control computers due to expansion or the like by appropriately adding a data portion. It can be done.

  Of the common control data held by each control computer, a parameter common to all control computers includes, for example, a control cycle (step size) of automatic control. Here, if the control for operating or stopping the plant equipment at a preset time is called “schedule control”, for example, in this schedule control, the lighting equipment is turned on at 8:00 and turned off at 17:00. Is controlled. If the control cycle (step size) of schedule control can be set in the range of 1 to 10 minutes, when it is set to 5 minutes, the schedule is set in increments of 5 minutes, such as 0, 5, 10, 15,. When the start time and end time are determined and set to 1 minute, the start time and end time of the schedule are determined in increments of 1 minute such as 1, 2, 3, 4,. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of such common control data.

  Here, taking the common control data shown in FIG. 3 as an example, the control period is set by inputting “1 minute” from the parameter setting screen for schedule control of HIS 1 and 2, and the control period of schedule control is set to 1. The operation for setting the minute increment will be described.

  When the control cycle is set to “1 minute” on the parameter setting screen for schedule control of HIS 1 and 2, a common control data distribution request for schedule control is sent from HIS 1 and 2 to server station 4. It is done. Upon receiving a common control data distribution request for schedule control from the HIS 1 and 2, the server station 4 stores the control data and reads the control computer configuration information as shown in FIG. The common control data for schedule control is distributed to the control computer in (1). The distribution result at this time is stored in the server station 4 itself as undistributed information (distribution record).

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of such a distribution record. In FIG. 4, “#” and thereafter are comment portions of the data portion. Here, in the distribution record relating to “AA control”, the line in which # 11-20 is described will be described as an example. Of the bit representation string “1000000000” of the data portion, “0” indicates successful distribution, “1” means delivery failure or non-delivery. Therefore, in this data portion, it can be seen that distribution to the control computer with the node number 11 has failed. Note that delivery failure or non-delivery occurs when the control computer is abnormal in addition to failure due to a transmission conflict (when the control computer is not activated or registered as connected) For example, when a computer is not connected).

  Thereafter, the server station 4 performs redistribution to the undistributed control computer based on the distribution record as shown in FIG. 4 after a predetermined time has elapsed since the distribution or every day, and distributes the distribution result. Reflect in the record.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, common control data necessary for control is distributed from the server station 4 to the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,. In this case, the server station 4 receives a distribution request from the HIS 1 and 2, and the server station 4 stores the control data and distributes it to the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,. The distribution result is stored as a distribution record. Then, redistribution is performed to the control computer that has failed to be delivered when it returns to normal. As a result, common control data necessary for control can be reliably and securely distributed to each control computer.

  In the first embodiment described above, the server station 4 redistributes the control computers 61, ..., 6n, 71, ..., 7n based on the distribution record. Not limited thereto, each control computer 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n notifies the server station 4 of the completion of its own activation via the transmission path 3, and the server station 4 transmits each control computer 61,. , 6n, 71,..., 7n are received, and common control data necessary for control is distributed to the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,. You may do it.

  Specifically, each control computer 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n broadcasts its own process operation state and memory state to the network at regular intervals as a healthy status. The transmission format of the healthy status is not particularly specified here, but is bit information in which one bit is assigned to one process and one bit is assigned to each memory address, for example. The server station 4 monitors the state of all the control computers based on the control computer configuration information, and if there is a change, reflects the result in the station health information.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of such station health information. In FIG. 5, “LOC” means a control computer. In the bit string representation of the data portion, “1” means healthy and “0” means angelic. If the process number that should be normal when setting the schedule control is “3”, for example, in the station health information shown in FIG. 5, the process (process number 3) becomes abnormal in the LOC (node number 2). ing. Further, the status of LOC (node number 3) is all “0”. This means that the LOC (node number 3) is not activated or not connected. Therefore, when setting common control data for schedule control, it is not transmitted to the LOC (node number 2) and LOC (node number 3), and the corresponding in the distribution record as shown in FIG. Are recorded as “1”.

  When the server station 4 receives the healthy status from the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n, the server station 4 compares the previous state with the current state. Update. At this time, if there is a bit that has returned to normal from an abnormality, the distribution record of the corresponding control computer is read, and if the data has returned to a state where data can be distributed, the data that has not been distributed to the control computer To deliver. If the distribution is successful, the distribution record of the corresponding control computer is updated.

  In this way, each control computer 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n notifies the server station 4 of the completion of its own activation via the transmission line 3, and the server station 4 has each control computer 61, .., 6n, 71,..., 7n are received, and common control data necessary for control is distributed to the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,. Therefore, even when the server station 4 does not store the distribution record and does not hold the control computer configuration information, the common control data necessary for the control is not leaked to the control computer without fail. Can be delivered to.

Second Embodiment Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The second embodiment of the present invention is the same as the first embodiment described above except that the prediction control is performed based on the prediction value calculated by the prediction calculation station in each control computer. Is almost the same. In the second embodiment of the present invention, the same parts as those in the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. In the second embodiment of the present invention, the case where the plant equipment is an air conditioner will be described as an example.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the transmission path 3 is further connected to a prediction calculation station 12 for calculating a prediction value used in the control of each control computer 61,..., 6n, 71,. The prediction calculation station 12 inputs / outputs point information (inputs of control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n necessary for controlling the air conditioners provided on a one-to-one basis corresponding to the air conditioning area. Output point information) as an air conditioner object for each air conditioner, and means for determining the corresponding control computer based on the input / output point information held for each air conditioner and distributing the predicted value. is doing. Further, the predictive computation station 12 stores means for storing and updating process data broadcast from each control computer 61,..., 6n, 71,. And means for predicting. As a means for predicting the thermal load and temperature change of the plant, for example, those described in JP-A-8-240335 (Japanese Patent Application No. 7-44343) can be used. Furthermore, the prediction calculation station 12 has means for monitoring the healthy status of each control computer 61,..., 6n, 71,.

  Hereinafter, PMV control and optimum start-up control will be described as an example of predictive control in each of the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,.

  First, the case where PMV control is performed in each control computer 61,..., 6n, 71,.

  In this case, the prediction calculation station 12 predicts the average radiation temperature for each air conditioning area, and distributes the predicted value of the predicted average radiation temperature to the control computer having the air conditioner that bears the air conditioning area. It has become. Here, the average radiation temperature is data necessary for calculating a PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) value, which is an index of comfort, and each of the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71, .., 7n are required when performing PMV control. The PMV value was proposed by Professor Fanger of the Danish Institute of Technology. Starting with the comfort equation proposed in 1967, the heat load on the human body and human thermal sensation are It was obtained by statistical analysis from subject questionnaires. Here, the PMV value can be obtained by solving a multidimensional equation with room temperature, room humidity, average radiation temperature, airflow velocity, activity amount, clothing amount, etc. as parameters, +3 (hot), +2 (warm), +1 (slightly warm), 0 (neither, comfortable), -1 (slightly cool), cool (-2), or cold (-3).

  Each of the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n calculates a PMV value using the predicted value of the average radiation temperature distributed from the prediction calculation station 12, and uses the calculated PMV value as a target. The room temperature is calculated to perform PMV control of the air conditioner. Here, as a means for calculating the PMV value, a neuro PMV calculating means can be used. As the neuro PMV calculation means, those described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-141736 (Japanese Patent Application No. 8-240432) can be used. Further, as means for calculating the target room temperature, for example, a preset fuzzy control rule table and a membership function can be used, and the change amount of the room temperature set value may be obtained using these. Note that the means for calculating the target room temperature may be obtained by back-calculating the calculation in the neuro PMV calculation means.

  Here, room temperature, room humidity, and average radiation temperature are used as inputs to the neuro PMV calculation means. Of these, the room temperature and the room humidity are usually those sensors installed for air conditioning control, and the form of sensor measurement values for each of the control computers 61, ..., 6n, 71, ..., 7n. It is input with. On the other hand, with respect to the average radiation temperature, sensors that measure this are generally expensive, and it is appropriate to install the sensor at a height where people can be active. Sensors that measure radiation temperature are often not installed. Therefore, the average radiation temperature used in the neuro PMV calculation means is calculated by the prediction calculation station 12.

  In addition, in the prediction calculation station 12, the wall surface temperature is predicted for each air-conditioning area, and the average value of the predicted values of each wall surface temperature is the predicted value of the average radiation temperature. The predicted value of the average radiation temperature is regularly distributed to a control computer having an air conditioner that takes charge of the air conditioning area, whereby each control computer 61,..., 6n, 71,. 7n, the average radiation temperature required for the neuro PMV control can be acquired.

  Here, a method of distributing predicted values from the prediction calculation station 12 to the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,.

  First, when an air conditioner object is registered from the HIS 1 or 2 to the prediction calculation station 12, the data of the air conditioner object is stored in the control computers 61,..., 6 n, 71,. Is done.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of an HIS registration screen for registering such an air conditioner object. As shown in FIG. 7, in the HIS 1 and 2, from the air conditioner object registration screen, a plurality of input / output point information necessary for controlling the air conditioners provided in one-to-one correspondence with the air conditioning area is collected. Register as one air conditioner object.

  When the air conditioner object is registered in this way, the air conditioner object data is distributed from the HIS 1 and 2 to the control computer having the corresponding input / output points. The control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n receive the air conditioner object data and update the air conditioner object data held by themselves. Here, when the update is successfully performed, the data of the changed air conditioner object is broadcast to the network. The prediction calculation station 12 receives such broadcast data and updates the data of the respective air conditioner object.

  In the registration screen shown in FIG. 7, for example, “DIO” of the input / output point number “DIO-010506” means a digital input / output signal, “0105” is the node number of the control computer, and “06”. Means the index number of the digital input / output signal in the control computer. For this reason, the predictive computation station 12 specifies the number of the control computer having the corresponding input / output point based on such an input / output point number (for example, the start / stop point number), thereby calculating the average radiation temperature. Can be distributed to the corresponding control computer.

  Each of the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n has simple prediction means for predicting the average radiation temperature for each air-conditioning area using past history data, and a predetermined time has elapsed. However, when the predicted value of the average radiation temperature is not distributed from the prediction calculation station 12 or when the distributed predicted value is abnormal, the PMV value is calculated using the predicted value of the average radiation temperature predicted by the simple prediction means. And the PMV control of the air conditioner is performed using the calculated PMV value. In addition, prediction of the average radiation temperature by this simple prediction means is performed for every period for every air-conditioning area in each computer 61 for control, ..., 6n, 71, ..., 7n.

Here, in such simple prediction means, a first-order lag model at room temperature can be used as a prediction method. This calculation formula is shown in the following formula (1).
Average radiation temperature estimated value = previous average radiation temperature estimated value + ((control cycle / time constant) x (current room temperature-previous average radiation temperature estimated value))
(1)

  Next, the case where optimal start-up control is performed in each of the control computers 61, ..., 6n, 71, ..., 7n will be described.

  In this case, the prediction calculation station 12 can predict a change in room temperature for each air-conditioning area in response to a prediction request from the control computers 61, ..., 6n, 71, ..., 7n. Based on the predicted value of the change in room temperature, predict the start time (optimum start time) of the air conditioner precooling or preheat so that the target room temperature is reached at the operation start time, and predict the predicted value of the predicted optimal start time It is sent to the requesting control computer.

  Each of the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n sends a request for predicting the optimum start time of the air conditioner to the predictive computation station 12 according to a preset operation schedule of the air conditioner. The air conditioner is transmitted based on the predicted value of the optimum start time of the air conditioner transmitted from the prediction calculation station 12 and transmitted together with the air conditioner object number (air conditioner area identification number) corresponding to the air conditioning mode, the target room temperature, and the air conditioning area. Is supposed to start. It is also possible to transmit a target room temperature point number or an air conditioner start / stop point number instead of the air conditioner object number.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the time transition from the transmission of such a prediction request to the activation of the air conditioner. As shown in FIG. 8, in the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n, when the optimum start permission time set in advance under the operation schedule of the air conditioner is reached, Send a request for prediction of the optimal startup time. After receiving the prediction request, the prediction calculation station 12 predicts the optimum start time based on the prediction of the change in room temperature, and uses the predicted values of the predicted optimum start time as control computers 61, ..., 6n, 71. ,..., 7n. Upon receiving the predicted value of the optimum startup time, the control computers 61, ..., 6n, 71, ..., 7n check whether or not the predicted value is within the normal range, and if it is within the normal range. The air conditioner is started at the optimum predicted start time.

  Each of the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n has simple prediction means for predicting a change in room temperature for each air-conditioning area using past history data, and a predetermined time has elapsed. However, when the predicted value of the optimal start time of the air conditioner is not delivered from the prediction calculation station 12, or when the delivered predicted value is abnormal, the optimum startup based on the change in the room temperature predicted by the simple prediction means The air conditioner is started at the time.

Here, in such a simple prediction means, a statistical model can be used as a method for predicting a change in room temperature. The calculation formulas are shown in the following formulas (2) and (3).
Room temperature change coefficient = Actual room temperature change coefficient x α
+ Previous room temperature change coefficient results x (1-α) (2)
Room temperature change coefficient results =
(Target room temperature-room temperature at the start time of air conditioner) / target room temperature arrival time
(3)

  Here, since the air-conditioning temperature control generally uses P control or PI control, the deviation decreases when the temperature is close to the target room temperature, and the room temperature is not necessarily the target room temperature but is controlled in the vicinity thereof. Therefore, it is preferable that a range is provided for the target room temperature, and the time from the start of the air conditioner until the target room temperature with the width is reached is the target room temperature arrival time.

When the target room temperature is predicted in this way, the values of the left side and the right side of the following equation (4) are calculated every cycle, and the air conditioner is started at the time when the following equation (4) is satisfied.
(Target room temperature-current room temperature) / Room temperature change coefficient =
Time from the operation start time to the current time (4)

  As described above, according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the prediction calculation station 12 is used in the control by each of the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,. , 6n, 71,..., 7n are received from the transmission lines 3 and 9 by broadcast transmission, and are always updated to the latest values. Update and collect data necessary for prediction to predict heat load and temperature change for each air-conditioning area. Then, the prediction result is distributed to each control computer 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n, and PMV control or the like is performed by each control computer 61,. Therefore, predictive control can be performed reliably and accurately in each control computer connected in a distributed manner on the transmission line.

  Specifically, in the prediction calculation station 12, an average radiation temperature is predicted for each air-conditioning area, and control computers 61,..., 6n, 71 for controlling the predicted value of the predicted average radiation temperature for each air-conditioning area. ,..., 7n, and the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n perform PMV control by calculating PMV values using the distributed predicted average radiation temperatures. Thus, PMV control can be performed for each air-conditioning area by the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,. For this reason, PMV control can be applied to existing building air-conditioning, and it becomes unnecessary to install a sensor for average radiation temperature even in a new building. Therefore, it is possible to realize PMV control while suppressing facility costs and facility introduction costs. it can.

  In addition, the prediction calculation station 12 receives a prediction request for the start time (starting start time) of precooling or preheating from the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,. , 6n, 71,..., 7n that predicts the optimal start time and controls the air conditioning area, and the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,. The air conditioner is activated at the activation start time transmitted from 12. Thereby, the air conditioner can be started up so as to reach the target room temperature just at the operation start time of the air conditioning area.

  In the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n, the predicted value of the average radiation temperature or the change in room temperature (optimum start time) is predicted by the simple prediction means every cycle. When a predicted value of the average radiation temperature or the optimal start-up time cannot be received even after a predetermined time has elapsed from the prediction calculation station 12 due to an abnormality in the prediction calculation station 12 or the transmission paths 3 and 9, Even if the predicted value or the predicted value of the optimal startup time is abnormal, the average radiation temperature or the predicted accuracy of the optimal startup time is reduced, but the control is performed even when the predicted value from the predicted calculation station 12 is not obtained. As a result, the reliability of the distributed control system can be improved.

Third Embodiment Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The third embodiment of the present invention is the same as the second embodiment described above except that the neuro PMV parameters for neuro PMV control are switched in accordance with the amount of clothes and the amount of activity in each control computer. The form is substantially the same. In the third embodiment of the present invention, the same parts as those of the above-described second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  In the third embodiment of the present invention, the neuro PMV parameters for neuro PMV control used in the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,. It is automatically switched according to the combination.

  FIG. 9 is a view showing a HIS setting screen for selecting a neuro PMV parameter. As shown in FIG. 9, in the HIS 1 and 2, it is possible to input the season-specific clothing amount, activity amount, and season switching date input for each air-conditioning area. These input data are distributed to the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,.

  On the other hand, each control computer 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n holds a neuro PMV parameter for calculating the PMV value corresponding to the combination of the clothing amount and the activity amount. Here, each control computer 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n is provided with a plurality of sets (9 sets in this case) of neuro PMV parameters learned in advance (see FIG. 10). It is assumed that each set of these neuro PMV parameters is learned in advance by a back propagation method or the like so as to be equivalent to the Fanger PMV calculation result.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the correspondence between the combination of the clothing amount and the activity amount set along the screen shown in FIG. 9 and the neuro PMV parameter. In the example of the setting screen shown in FIG. 9, “activity state: office work” and “clothing amount: spring / autumn” have been set since April 1, which corresponds to the set number “2” of the neuro PMV parameter. Further, from July 1st, “clothing amount: summer clothes”, which corresponds to the set number “5” of the neuro PMV parameter. Furthermore, from October 1st, “clothing amount: spring / autumn”, this corresponds to the set number “2” of the neuro PMV parameter. Furthermore, from December 1st, “clothing amount: winter clothes”, this corresponds to the set number “8” of the neuro PMV parameter.

  Each of the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n refers to the calendar held by the control computer 61,. The parameter is switched to the newly designated neuro PMV parameter depending on the combination of the clothing amount and the activity amount. Each of the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n calculates a PMV value by a neuro calculation using the switched neuro PMV parameters, and uses the calculated PMV value. PMV control is performed.

  As described above, according to the third embodiment of the present invention, the amount of clothes and the amount of activity of a person working in a tenant or the like existing in the air-conditioning area in the building are set for each air-conditioning area. Neuron PMV control is performed using neuro PMV parameters according to the amount of clothes and the amount of activity in the computers 61, ..., 6n, 71, ..., 7n, so whether or not there is a change of clothing, the difference in the amount of clothing due to uniforms, PMV control can be performed appropriately and flexibly according to the difference or the like.

  In the third embodiment described above, an example is given in which the neuro PMV parameter used in the PMV control (predictive control) in the second embodiment described above is switched according to the amount of clothes and the amount of activity. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and PMV control without predictive control can be applied in the same manner.

Fourth Embodiment Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the fourth embodiment of the present invention, except that various functions such as automatic control performed on the plant equipment in each control computer are registered for each input / output point information corresponding to the plant equipment, Others are substantially the same as the first or second embodiment described above. In the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the same parts as those in the first or second embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  In the distributed control system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the HIS 1 and 2 and the server station 4 together with the input / output point information of each control computer 61,..., 6n, 71,. Attached information about various functions registered in relation to point information is held.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between input / output point information corresponding to an air conditioner and incidental information registered in association with the input / output point information. As shown in FIG. 11, in the HIS 1 and 2 and the server station 4, input / output point information (for example, DIO (digital input / output) point) is associated with the air conditioner object. The input / output point information is associated with accompanying information indicating the presence or absence of various functions related to automatic control.

  On the other hand, in each of the control computers 61, ..., 6n, 71, ..., 7n, data of the air conditioner object and data displayed on the screen of each function are stored. Of these, the data displayed on the screen of each function is stored in the control computer in the order of the input / output signal index, and the input / output point number and function number are designated from the HIS 1, 2 or server station 4 side. Thus, data for displaying a screen of a specific function is easily specified.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of the incidental information shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 12, bits 0 to 31 of the incidental information correspond to functions 1 to 32, respectively. In the incidental information shown in FIG. 12, since bits 0, 2, 5, 6, 7,... Are “1”, this input / output point has functions 1, 3, 6, 7, 8,. It can be seen that is registered. Assuming that function 1 corresponds to “schedule control”, function 3 corresponds to “system interlock control”, function 6 corresponds to “AA control”, and function 7 corresponds to “BB control”, as shown in FIG. , 2 can select the symbol of the input / output point corresponding to the air conditioner from the graphic screen to expand and display the related function list, and further, the screen of each function registered in the incidental information based on the incidental information Can be expanded and displayed. In addition, the screen can be expanded and displayed between the functions belonging to the input / output points. Conventionally, such function screens are displayed by displaying general function screens and selecting desired ones from a list of target input / output points. The screen cannot be expanded and displayed even between functions belonging to the same input / output point.

  According to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the input / output point information held in each of the control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,. Since the incidental information indicating the presence or absence of various functions related to automatic control, etc. is registered in relation to the input / output point information backed up at By simply selecting an input / output point and selecting a related function item from a plan view, the screen of each function assigned to that input / output point can be quickly displayed. Therefore, it is possible to easily and quickly grasp the relevance between the plant equipment controlled by each control computer 61,..., 6n, 71,..., 7n and various functions corresponding to the plant equipment.

(Other embodiments)
In the first to fourth embodiments described above, the human interface stations 1 and 2, the server station 4, and the predictive computation station 12 do not necessarily have to be configured as separate devices, and have equivalent functions by hardware or You may comprise as an integrated apparatus provided as software. Further, the network printer 5 does not necessarily have to be connected to the transmission path 3. Further, a plurality of server stations 4 may be provided.

  Moreover, you may make it connect the graphic path which displays the operation state of plant equipment with LED, a lamp | ramp, etc. to the transmission lines 3 and 9. FIG. At that time, the graphic panel may be controlled by a computer having a function equivalent to the display function of the human interface station.

  Further, the Ethernet used as the transmission path 3 may be single or duplex. The transmission path 3 may be Ethernet or another network such as DeviceNet.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 14, a transmission path to which the human interface stations 1 and 2, the server station 4, the network printer 5 and the prediction calculation station 12 are connected, and control computers 61,..., 6n, 71,. , 7n may be connected via the gateway device 14 when the transmission path protocol is different.

1 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of a distributed control system according to the present invention. The figure which shows an example of the computer configuration information for control currently hold | maintained at the server station shown in FIG. The figure which shows an example of the common control data (setting information) used with each computer for control shown in FIG. The figure which shows an example of the undelivered information (delivery record) preserve | saved at the server station shown in FIG. The figure which shows an example of the station healthy information (Healthy status information of each control computer) hold | maintained at the server station shown in FIG. The block diagram which shows 2nd Embodiment of the distributed control system by this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating an example of the data of the air conditioner object preserve | saved at the prediction calculation station shown in FIG. 6, and is a figure which shows the registration screen of the human interface station for registering an air conditioner object. Of the predictive control using the predictive computation station shown in FIG. 6, the time transition from the transmission of the prediction request to the start of the air conditioner in the optimum start control (control to start the air conditioner by predicting the optimal start time) will be described. Figure for. The figure for demonstrating 3rd Embodiment of the distributed control system by this invention, The figure which shows the setting screen of the human interface station for selecting the neuro PMV parameter used by neuro PMV control. The figure for demonstrating the correspondence of the combination of the amount of clothing and activity set according to the setting screen shown in FIG. 9, and a neuro PMV parameter. It is a figure for demonstrating 4th Embodiment of the distributed control system by this invention, and is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between an air-conditioner object, input / output point information, and incidental information. The figure which shows an example of the incidental information registered in relation to the input / output point information shown in FIG. The figure for demonstrating an example in the case of developing and displaying the screen of a related function based on the relationship between the input / output point information and incidental information shown in FIG. The block diagram which shows other embodiment of the distributed control system by this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1, 2 Human Interface Station (HIS)
3,9 Transmission path 4 Server station (SVS)
5 Network printer (PRT)
61, ..., 6n, 71, ..., 7n Control computer (LOC)
8 Repeaters 10, 11 Direct digital controller (DDC)
12 Prediction calculation station 13, 14 Gateway device

Claims (1)

In a distributed control system that performs plant monitoring and control,
A plurality of control computers that are connected in a distributed manner on the transmission line, measure and collect data necessary for control of the plant equipment to be controlled, and control the plant equipment;
A server station that is connected to the transmission line and manages and backs up control data used in each control computer, and that performs filing of measurement data of the plant equipment,
The plant is connected to the transmission line and performs setting and display of data necessary for control by each control computer, display of measurement data of the plant equipment, and display of a control state of the plant equipment and the plant. With a human interface station for remote operation of equipment,
Each of the control computers has means for notifying the server station of the completion of activation of the control computer via the transmission line,
The server station has means for receiving a notification of completion of activation from each control computer and distributing control data common to the control computers to the control computer that is the notification source. A distributed control system.

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