JP2007175618A - Portable sewage treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a low-cost, space-saving, high-performance sewage treatment apparatus which can perform membrane filtration without using a well-known membrane separator, namely a precipitation method by gravity separation for separating and collecting treated water in a sewage treatment device using microorganisms. <P>SOLUTION: Various treatment systems composing the sewage treatment apparatus are not made of a heavy material, such as concrete, but of metallic materials or reinforced plastic, and are divided to a size transportable by a truck, and to unitize them. Bolting or fitting of the treatment systems facilitates assembly work. By properly assembling the systems to form the apparatus, a sewage treatment apparatus of a desired size and capacity can be installed at any time. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to terminal treatment such as sewage treatment plants and rural village wastewater treatment, and purification of industrial wastewater, and particularly to the development of a low-cost and high-performance simple sewage treatment device.

  Conventionally, large-scale sewage treatment plants and other rural village wastewater treatment facilities have been installed as domestic wastewater treatment equipment, but recently, with the improvement of living standards and the development of science, there is concern about the mixing of agricultural chemicals and chemical poisons. Therefore, even in the case of sewage treated water, it is necessary to improve the quality of the treated water when considering the prevention of eutrophication of water and the safety of agricultural products, and the transition of sewage treatment methods is forced.

  Furthermore, the sewage treatment facilities are in an aging state, and it is necessary to renew the facilities and strengthen the functions, and the trend of facility renovation is increasing more than the construction of new treatment facilities. At the same time, even if sewage treatment facilities are renovated, it is impossible to stop the operation due to the nature of the facilities, and there is a treatment facility that can replace the operation of the current facility even if functional enhancement is renovated. Necessary. And even if it is a temporary device for alternative operation, its function must be able to comply with the matters stipulated by the relevant laws and regulations such as the Water Pollution Control Law and the septic tank, as well as satisfy the performance guarantee of the treatment function. In addition, it is necessary to consider that the existing sewage treatment facility can cope with the case where it is destroyed by a disaster or accident.

  The treatment system using the activated sludge method is a pretreatment sedimentation operation of sewage followed by aeration operation to proliferate aerobic microorganisms, decompose organic matter with that force, and then settle and separate sludge in a sedimentation tank. Because it was obtained, it requires a very large site area. In addition, even in the microbial treatment system using a contact filter medium such as a septic tank, the treated water is obtained by the sedimentation operation in the final sedimentation tank. It was.

  However, membrane treatment technology that uses microporous membranes in current water treatment operations has been improved, and devices using them for sewage treatment technology have been developed and utilized. A known membrane filtration device uses an organic membrane made of synthetic resin and an inorganic membrane made of ceramic. The organic film is provided with a product having a material and various functions and structures, and the inorganic film has excellent physical and chemical properties due to the nature of the material.

  Therefore, as a portable sewage treatment apparatus that can be adopted as a temporary treatment plant and has a high-performance treatment capacity, for example, in Patent Document 1, a biological reaction tank, a membrane separator, and a reverse cleaning are installed on the same base. A sewage treatment apparatus configured as described above is disclosed.

JP 2004-351247 A

  However, according to the invention of the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, the membrane separator body constitutes a circulation path for circulating the sludge between the biological reaction tank, and this sludge is passed through the membrane element while circulating the sludge through this circulation circuit. In order to remove the sludge adhering to the membrane surface, it was necessary to perform backwashing because it was configured to obtain treated water by filtering from the primary side to the secondary side. Moreover, when it is constructed on the same base, it is impossible to change the processing facility to a shape suitable for the terrain.

  Therefore, the present invention eliminates a separation failure by performing membrane filtration without using a gravity separation precipitation method when separating and collecting treated water from a known membrane separation apparatus for sewage treatment apparatus using microorganisms, and the scale of the apparatus. Using a device that has the function of reducing the size and maintaining and managing it, the treatment tank that houses it is made of metal material or reinforced plastic instead of heavy material such as concrete, so that it can be transported by truck. Divide and unitize treatment facilities, and each treatment facility facilitates assembly work by bolted connection or insertion insertion, and appropriately combines them to create a sewage treatment device with the desired scale and capacity. It can be installed at any time in any place.

  The processing equipment is made easy to join and seal each tank by separating and assembling a square tank, a cylindrical tank, and a horizontal cylindrical tank standardized in advance from the manufacturing stage. Therefore, after carrying in to the destination, it is possible to fulfill the processing function even in an unusual state by arranging and joining according to the topography.

  Conventionally, existing sewage treatment facilities occupy terrain superior in location, and the outer periphery is also leveled, so there are many cases where it is not possible to obtain an advantageous space to install an alternative temporary device when renovating the treatment facility, In addition, since it is a completed facility, it may be difficult to carry in a large-sized device using a large vehicle, and there is a problem in physical and economical installation of a normal alternative processing facility. It is possible to improve the processing performance to cope with the changes of the times and divert the temporary processing facilities in the event of a disaster.

  (1) A sewage pretreatment facility having at least a screen facility for removing contaminants of sewage and an oil and fat separation device for removing oil, and a sewage transferred from the sewage pretreatment facility to a biological treatment tank by a membrane filtration separator. In a sewage treatment apparatus provided with a biological treatment facility for filtering, a portable sewage purification device is provided, wherein each of the treatment facilities is configured to have a size capable of being loaded on a vehicle and can be separated and coupled. This solves the problem.

  (2) The problem is solved by providing the portable sewage purification apparatus according to (1), wherein the biological treatment facility and the sewage pretreatment facility are provided so as to be sealed and pressure-resistant.

  (3) To provide a portable sewage purification apparatus characterized in that the portable sewage purification apparatus according to (1) or (2) is provided with an anaerobic tank configured to be separable from each processing facility. The above-mentioned problem is solved.

  (4) The portable type according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the size of each processing facility can be adjusted by providing each processing facility to be connectable in series or in parallel. The problem is solved by providing a sewage purification apparatus.

  (5) In order to keep the activated sludge concentration of each processing facility constant, a sludge storage tank connected to each processing facility and to which sludge is delivered is provided, and a membrane filtration separator is incorporated in the sludge storage tank. The problem is solved by providing the portable sewage purification apparatus according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the sludge is simultaneously precipitated and concentrated in the sludge storage tank.

  Since the portable sewage purification apparatus of the present invention is a unitized treatment facility that can be loaded on a vehicle, it is possible to install a sewage purification apparatus of any scale at the desired location, reducing the environmental load, Costs can be reduced and construction period can be shortened.

  When refurbishing an existing sewage purification apparatus using the present invention, an alternative operation apparatus for sewage treatment can be provided by installing an alternative treatment apparatus at an appropriate place in the site. And by sealing the treatment tank, it is possible to prevent splashing of sewage splashes and bad odors, so that it does not adversely affect citizens' lives.

  Since the processing apparatus can be assembled with a necessary scale by connecting the processing facilities, it can be a facility having a sewage treatment function if the minimum necessary land can be secured, so that it is possible to provide a processing facility with high space efficiency. In particular, since the membrane separation activated sludge method with high processing efficiency is adopted as the processing method, high processing capacity can be exhibited in a narrow space. Since an advanced treatment facility can be realized in such a small site, it can be diverted as a simple sewage treatment apparatus during an urban disaster.

  Unlike the completed sewage treatment plant, the treatment apparatus of the present invention is a simple and simple apparatus, so it is possible to replace and install a membrane separation device and a contact filter medium installed in a biological treatment facility, and to use additional equipment such as an oxygen aeration device. Since it is free, it is possible to adopt a new treatment technique in the sewage treatment operation, and it can be used as a treatment experiment apparatus.

  With the membrane separation activated sludge system employed in the present invention, if there is a design method and maintenance know-how, maintenance is simpler than before and advanced treated water can be stably obtained.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a flow image diagram of a portable sewage purification apparatus. First, the flow until the sewage is filtered will be described. The sewage that has flowed into the sewage pretreatment facility 1 is transferred to the biological treatment facility 2 that is aerated by the blower 6 after removing large dust and the like. The water filtered by the membrane filtration separator 22 provided inside the biological treatment facility 2 is discharged by the pump 5. Since the film treatment cannot completely remove soluble substances related to color, odor, taste, etc., it is possible to add chemical treatment or advanced treatment at the final stage or to disinfect as appropriate.

  Next, each processing facility will be described in detail. The sewage pretreatment equipment 1 is for screen equipment and aeration sedimentation equipment to remove contaminants of sewage, oil and fat separation equipment to remove oil, flocculant injection equipment for improving membrane filtration performance, or oxidation of iron, manganese, etc. This is a facility for reducing the burden of biological treatment and avoiding equipment failures by combining chlorinating agents and ozone injection facilities. This is because when the membrane used for membrane filtration is an organic membrane, it is necessary to prevent troubles in which the surface of the membrane is damaged or clogged by impurities or earth and sand.

  In accordance with the sewage pretreatment facility 1, a flow rate adjusting tank is installed to average and homogenize the flow rate. Moreover, in order to measure and adjust the amount transferred to the biological treatment tank, it is desirable to have a sewage measurement tank. In addition, it is preferable to select the most suitable pretreatment equipment according to the components of the wastewater to be treated, the type / materials / characteristics of the membrane, and the features of the membrane filtration method. It is. In addition, the transfer to the biological treatment facility 2 is performed using a known device such as a pump.

  The biological treatment facility 2 includes a biological treatment tank 21, a membrane filtration separator 22, an air pipe 25, and a sewage pipe 26. FIG. 2 is a cutaway view of the biological treatment facility 2. The sewage from which large trash etc. has been removed by the sewage pretreatment facility is transferred to the biological treatment tank 21 through the sewage pipe 26. The air blown from the blower 6 is discharged from the lower part of the biological treatment tank 21 through the air pipe 25, whereby aeration is performed in the biological treatment facility 2.

  The membrane filtration separator 22 includes a membrane module 23 and a water collecting pipe 24, and the membrane filtered water that has permeated the inside of the membrane module 23 due to the pressure difference generated by operating the pump 5 passes through the water collecting pipe 24 and is pumped by the pump 5. Is done. Membrane modules that can be used in the activated sludge system include a hollow fiber type and a flat membrane type. In the present invention, the flat membrane type is adopted. By setting the pore size of the membrane to 0.4 μm, for example, E. coli (about 1 μm) cannot pass through. If necessary, a flocculant can be added.

  The film is made of organic film such as polyethylene tetrafluoride, polypropylene, cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, etc., or aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, stainless steel, glass, etc. Any inorganic film can be used, but in the present invention, an organic film is used to make the pore size free.

  Biodegradation with activated sludge is indispensable because organic matter in sewage passes through as it is, and it is clogged immediately. Therefore, membrane filtration is performed in the biological treatment facility 2 while aeration. The activated sludge itself is aerated by the air blown from the blower 6 to the biological treatment tank 21 so that the activated sludge itself does not adhere to the membrane surface, and the treated water is sucked while constantly washing the membrane surface using the water flow. . Therefore, it is desirable that the blower 6 and the suction pump 5 always work together and an interlock is provided so that the suction pump 5 does not operate when aeration is not performed.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the operation of the pump 5 and the blower 6 is controlled by the control panel 7. Membrane filtration is advantageous in that it is easy to operate and automates the entire apparatus.

  The sludge storage tank 3 is a facility that periodically extracts activated sludge and concentrates and stores the extracted sludge in order to keep the sludge concentration of the biological treatment facility 2 to be aerated constant. In the conventional method, since the extracted sludge concentration is thin, the method of storing after concentrating in the sludge concentration tank and reducing the volume was taken, but in the membrane separation activated sludge method of the present invention, the extracted sludge concentration is high, The tank 3 can also be omitted.

  The greatest feature of the present invention is that each treatment facility of the sewage treatment apparatus is divided into a size that can be transported by truck using a strong material such as a metal material or reinforced plastic instead of a heavy material such as concrete, and the treatment facility. In addition, each treatment facility facilitates assembly work by coupling means such as bolt connection or insertion insertion, and by appropriately combining them, a wastewater treatment apparatus having the required scale and capacity can be appropriately obtained. It is possible to install at any time in the place.

  Piping is used as a means for connecting the processing facilities. However, since the processing facilities are unitized, less piping is required, and the size of the sewage treatment apparatus is reduced.

  The treatment facilities of the sewage pretreatment facility 1, the biological treatment facility 2, and the sludge storage tank 3 are unitized so that they can be transported by a vehicle. For example, as shown in FIGS. can do. And these each processing equipment can be laminated | stacked in series in a perpendicular direction, and the depth of a processing tank can be adjusted. FIG. 4 is a perspective view when two stages of the same type of processing equipment are stacked, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view when three stages are stacked. By adjusting the depth of the treatment equipment in this way, there is an effect of increasing the dissolved oxygen due to the deep tank aeration effect and making it possible to improve the sewage treatment capacity due to the growth of microorganisms. Of course, when connected in series in the horizontal direction, the length of the processing equipment can be changed, for example, the number of membrane modules can be changed. In this way, the size of the processing facility can be changed as appropriate.

  Dissimilar treatment facilities of the sewage pretreatment facility, biological treatment facility 2 and sludge storage tank 3 may be connected in series or in parallel. In that case, the separation of each treatment facility is clarified and the weight of the internal capacity is tolerated. It is necessary to strengthen and design the unit so that

  The shape of each processing facility is not limited to a square shape, and each processing tank may be configured as a cylindrical tank as shown in FIG. 6, and further, a horizontal cylindrical tank as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. It may be configured. FIG. 6 is a perspective view in the case where each processing facility is constituted by a cylindrical tank and two stages are stacked. FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of the horizontal cylindrical tank, and FIG. 8 is a perspective view when the processing facilities of FIG. 7 are connected in series. By forming the processing equipment into various shapes in this way, it is possible to introduce processing equipment having the necessary processing capacity for various terrains and desired sites.

  Next, an example of the specification in the case of performing household wastewater treatment using the above embodiment will be described. According to the present invention, up to about 900 people to be treated can be handled by installing two biological treatment facilities 2 having two membrane filtration separators 22 containing 150 flat membrane modules, 900 to 1800 people In terms of extent, it is possible to cope with two series installations with four units as described above.

Designed with a basic design water volume of 270 m ³ / day (300 persons per person for 300 L / day), BOD of influent water of 200 mg / L, SS of 200 mg / L, BOD of treated water of 10 mg / L, and SS of 5 mg / L To do. One automatic fine screen is installed as the sewage pretreatment facility 1, a 5 mm screen is provided in the secondary water channel, and a measuring tank is provided. The screen and the weighing tank are accommodated in an integrated box so as to be portable. The required treatment capacity of the sewage pretreatment facility 1 is planned according to the basic design water volume.

The membrane filtration separator 22 is accommodated in a biological treatment tank 21 made of a steel plate that can be assembled on site, and connected to the local piping by a mounting flange. The capacity of one line is adapted to the planned water volume, in this case 270 m ³ / day or more. The membrane module 23 has 150 flat membranes per membrane filtration separator, and one biological treatment tank 21 accommodates two membrane filtration separators 22, and the membrane filtration separator 22 as a whole system. 4 will be installed. In order to adjust the activated sludge concentration of the biological treatment facility 2, the sludge can be extracted irregularly and transferred to the sludge storage tank 3.

The blower 6 supplies blow air necessary for cleaning the membrane surface and oxygen necessary for BOD oxidation. The control panel 7 is provided with a function for intermittent aeration so as to cope with the magnitude of the load. Since two biological treatment facilities 2 are provided as a whole, an aeration blower 6 is installed for each biological treatment facility 2. The required amount of air can be 180 m ³ / hour · tank or more.

The filtered water discharge pump 5 is transferred to an existing disinfection tank by a self-priming pump. The flow rate is adjusted with a flow meter and a constant flow valve. Like the blower 6, it is installed for each biological treatment facility 2. The processing capacity can be 135 m ³ / day · tank or more.

  An embodiment will be described in which two biological treatment facilities 2 are provided per line, and two lines are provided as the entire treatment apparatus. FIG. 9 is a flowchart of this embodiment. Since two biological treatment facilities 2 are provided, the number of membrane modules 22 provided therein can be increased, and the wastewater treatment capacity is improved. Accordingly, the wastewater pretreatment facility 1 must be adapted accordingly. . However, when the sewage pretreatment facility 1 is enlarged, it cannot be configured to have a size capable of loading a vehicle. Therefore, a plurality of sewage pretreatment facilities are also provided to correspond to the treatment capacity of the biological treatment facility 2. The number of pumps 5 and blowers 6 is preferably the same as the number of sewage pretreatment facilities 1.

  As the biological treatment facility 2, any of the shapes disclosed in FIGS. 5 to 8 can be adopted. When using the thing of the shape shown in FIG. 7, you may connect these processing equipment in parallel and may connect in series as shown in FIG.

  The Example which provided the anaerobic tank 4 in this invention is demonstrated using FIG. FIG. 10 is a flowchart of the invention according to the second embodiment. When an aerobic treatment is performed, only an organic substance is decomposed, but an anaerobic treatment is also necessary for decomposing nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 10, by providing the anaerobic tank 4 in front of the biological treatment facility 2, the nitrogen burden on the biological treatment tank can be reduced.

  In this case, when the sludge concentration in the anaerobic tank reaches a certain amount or more, the sludge concentration transferred to the sludge storage tank 3 can be kept constant.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the best embodiment according to the present invention. Breaking view of biological treatment equipment according to the present invention Perspective view of control unit Perspective view of unitized processing equipment (square tank) Perspective view of unitized processing equipment (square tank) Perspective view of unitized processing equipment (cylindrical tank) Perspective view of unitized processing equipment (horizontal cylindrical tank) Perspective view of unitized processing equipment (horizontal cylindrical tank) Flow chart according to the first embodiment Flow chart according to the second embodiment

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sewage pretreatment apparatus 2 Biological treatment apparatus 21 Biological treatment tank 22 Membrane filtration separator 23 Membrane module 24 Water collecting pipe 3 Sludge storage tank 4 Anaerobic tank 5 Pump 6 Blower

Claims (5)

A sewage pretreatment facility having at least a screen facility that removes contaminants of sewage and an oil separation device that removes oil, and membrane filtration of sewage transferred from the sewage pretreatment facility to a biological treatment tank using a membrane filtration separator A portable sewage purification apparatus comprising: a biological treatment facility, wherein each treatment facility is configured to have a size capable of being loaded on a vehicle and separable. The portable sewage purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the biological treatment facility and the sewage pretreatment facility are provided so as to be sealed and pressure-resistant. The portable sewage purification apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising an anaerobic tank configured to be separably coupled to each of the treatment facilities. The portable sewage purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the size of each processing facility can be adjusted by providing the processing facilities so that they can be connected in series or in parallel. . In order to keep the activated sludge concentration of each processing equipment constant, a sludge storage tank connected to each processing equipment and to which sludge is delivered is provided, and a sludge storage tank is provided with a membrane filtration separator, thereby The portable sewage purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein precipitation and concentration are simultaneously performed in the sludge storage tank.

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