JP2007166989A - Method for treating bony part of fish - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for preparing a valuable nitrogen-containing compound from bony parts of fish. <P>SOLUTION: A method for treating bony parts of fish comprises boiling collected bony parts of fish, subjecting the boiled product thus obtained to solid-liquid separation to collect boiled solid and stick water, centrifuging the stick water in a high temperature condition to collect protein liquid, membrane filtering at least part of the protein liquid thus obtained in multistages to collect collagen from the filtrate thus obtained, and further collecting amino acid by ion exchange from filtrate obtained in the end of the membrane filtration process. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to seafood processing technology, and more specifically, a fishmeal (fish meal) precursor in a fishmeal factory (fish iliac bone processing factory) that processes waste generated during processing of seafood. A method to effectively use stick water (also called boiled juice) separated from steamed solids, and various valuables such as collagens such as high molecular collagen and low molecular weight collagen, peptides, amino acids, etc. The present invention relates to a method for separating and purifying nitrogen-containing compounds. The present invention also relates to a method for effectively utilizing boiled juice obtained as a by-product when producing knots such as canned foods and bonito from seafood, and in particular, a method for separating and purifying various valuable nitrogen-containing compounds as described above. .

  As is well known, a large amount of waste is generated along with the processing of seafood. Examples of typical wastes include fish residues such as fish iliac bones (fish larvae), etc., which are discarded at seafood markets, processing factories, fresh supermarkets, fresh fish retailers, sushi restaurants, etc. There are unsold seafood. These wastes (hereinafter referred to as “fish trout”) have already been established by the applicants as resources for recycling, and have been reborn as fish meal, fish oil, etc. at the fish meal plant, and livestock feed, fish feed, pet food. It is widely used effectively as a starting material for margarine raw materials, soap raw materials, EPA, DHA and the like.

  Recently, attempts have been made to extract collagens such as collagen and collagen peptides, which are not made from fish trout, but have attracted attention for their utility, from some fish. Collagens are mostly produced by hydrolyzing soybeans or by treating animal bones such as cow bones and animal skins such as cow hides. This is because of its excellent properties, it can be widely used as a functional material in fields such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. In particular, the use of collagen has been remarkable recently in fields such as health foods, cosmetics, and functional beverages.

  To introduce specific examples, Patent Document 1 describes a method for producing acid-soluble collagen by collecting fish scales from fish such as sardines, decalcifying them, and further extracting them with an acidic aqueous solution. Patent Document 2 describes a method of degreasing and washing marine organism skin such as cocoons, extracting collagen by adding an organic acid, and further purifying the collagen by passing it through a microfiltration membrane. Patent Document 3 discloses a step of preparing an extract containing collagen from fish skin and / or fish bone, a step of enzymatically decomposing the extract, and concentrating the obtained enzymatic degradation using a reverse osmosis membrane. A method for producing a collagen peptide derived from fish, which comprises a step of purification.

  However, in the case of these methods, it is notable in that collagens which are active ingredients can be extracted from a part of fish, but since it is used as a raw material, for example, fish scales, fish skin, fish bones are used. This is extremely complicated in that it is necessary to selectively collect and prepare a specific part such as the above, resulting in an increase in cost and inferior productivity. In addition, in these methods, it is necessary to go through many treatment steps such as a decalcification step, a pepsin treatment step, an enzyme treatment step, a concentration step, and a sterilization step before obtaining usable collagens. The processing is complicated, and a considerably long processing time and a large amount of expenses are required.

JP-A-5-93000 (Claims) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-200000 (Claims) JP 2003-238597 A (Claims)

  The object of the present invention is, firstly, a method for effectively utilizing a large amount of waste (fish trout) generated in connection with the processing of seafood, particularly stick water and canned foods separated from steamed solids in a fish meal factory. Provide a new method of processing boiled juice derived from fish candy, stick canned water, canned food manufacturing process, koji manufacturing process, etc. There is.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for easily separating and purifying valuable nitrogen-containing compounds such as collagens, peptides, amino acids and the like from fish water-derived stick water with low yield and high yield. is there.
These and other objects of the present invention will be readily understood from the following detailed description.

In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for treating fish trout generated accompanying the processing of seafood,
Steaming fish trout,
Separating the obtained steamed product into solid and liquid, and recovering steamed solids and stick water;
Centrifuge the stick water under high temperature conditions to recover fine solids, oil and protein solution;
Drying the steamed solids and the fine solids and processing them into fish meal;
Processing the oil into fish oil;
The protein solution is subjected to membrane filtration in multiple stages, and collagens are collected from the obtained filtrate, or the protein solution is divided into a plurality of parts, and the protein solution of the first part is heated and concentrated, followed by Recovering the protein concentrate to be processed in step 2 and subjecting the second part protein solution to membrane filtration in multiple stages and recovering the collagens from the obtained filtrate;
And a step of recovering amino acids by ion exchange from the filtrate obtained at the end of the membrane filtration step.

In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing valuable nitrogen-containing compounds such as collagens, peptides and amino acids,
Steaming fish trout produced with the processing of seafood;
A step of recovering the stick water by solid-liquid separation of the obtained steamed product,
Centrifuge the stick water under high temperature conditions to recover the protein solution;
A step of membrane filtration of at least a part of the protein solution in multiple stages, and recovering collagens from the obtained filtrate;
Recovering amino acids by ion exchange from the filtrate obtained at the end of the membrane filtration step, and membrane filtration of the protein solution,
A microfiltration process for separating and removing bacteria, floating protein, ultra-high molecular collagen, residual oil, etc. by microfiltration of the protein solution,
A first ultrafiltration step of recovering a filtration residue containing a high molecular weight collagen having a molecular weight of 10,000 or more by ultrafiltration of the filtrate of the microfiltration step;
A second ultrafiltration step of recovering a filtration residue containing low molecular weight collagen having a molecular weight of 3,000 to less than 10,000 by ultrafiltration of the filtrate of the first ultrafiltration step; and The method for preparing a valuable nitrogen-containing compound is characterized by comprising a nanofiltration step of nanofiltration of the filtrate of the second ultrafiltration step to recover a filtration residue containing an oligopeptide.

Furthermore, in another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for treating boiled juice generated accompanying the processing of seafood,
Steaming seafood,
Separating the obtained steamed product, recovering the precursor and boiled juice of the target processed product,
Recovering the protein solution from at least a portion of the broth;
A step of membrane filtration of at least a part of the protein solution in multiple stages, and recovering collagens from the obtained filtrate;
And a step of recovering amino acids by ion exchange from the filtrate obtained at the end of the filtration step.

  According to the present invention, as will be understood from the following detailed description, more effective utilization of fish trout that has been used effectively in fish meal plants until now, that is, various types of collagen, peptides, amino acids, etc. Can be utilized in a new technical field of preparation of valuable nitrogen-containing compounds. In particular, stick water separated from steamed solids, which are fish meal precursors in fish meal plants, has been used as fish oil, protein solution and fine solids for water retention, biocompatibility, and bioabsorbability. It can be used to prepare excellent collagens and amino acids. In addition, according to the present invention, the conventional method had to prepare collagens only for specific raw materials such as soybeans, fish scales, fish skin, and fish bones. Other valuable nitrogen-containing compounds can be prepared. That is, according to the present invention, collagen and other valuable nitrogen-containing compounds can be prepared by directly flowing through the treatment process without selecting the collected fish trout for each part, so that the productivity is excellent.

  In addition, according to the present invention, collagens and other valuable nitrogen-containing compounds can be prepared by simply using the facilities of a conventional fish meal plant as it is and adding a separation / purification plant with a simple membrane filtration structure. Can do. Further, in the preparation of such valuable nitrogen-containing compounds, it is not necessary to carry out a decalcification step, a pepsin treatment step, an enzyme treatment step, a concentration step, a sterilization treatment step, etc. unlike the conventional method for preparing collagen derived from fish. Therefore, a high-quality valuable nitrogen-containing compound can be easily prepared at a low cost and with a high yield.

  Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily separate different types of collagens selectively through the use of filtration membranes used for separation purposes, and it is possible to selectively separate collagens. Therefore, it is possible to easily meet various requests from customers. In addition, according to the present invention, amino acids, which are also valuable components, can be easily isolated and recovered from the final filtrate of membrane filtration.

  Furthermore, since the resulting collagens are excellent in water retention, biocompatibility, bioabsorbability, etc., and are low cost and high purity, they are functional materials in the fields of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, bioindustry, etc. And can be used advantageously in the fields of health foods and functional beverages. In particular, since the collagens of the present invention are derived from fish, there is no problem of BSE which has been a concern in collagen derived from cowhide and cow bones, and it is notable in that it has low allergenicity.

  In addition, the present invention can be used not only for the effective use of stick water in a fish meal factory, but also for the effective use of the broth produced as a by-product in other processing processes of seafood. For example, in the canned manufacturing process and the knot manufacturing process such as bonito, the broth obtained by steaming seafood has been conventionally used as a seasoning extract, and most of it has been disposed of as a valuable nitrogen. It can be effectively used as a raw material for extracting contained compounds, and therefore, collagens and amino acids can be easily obtained at low cost.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention relates to a method for treating fish trout produced in connection with processing of seafood, a method for treating canned juice produced in a canned production process or a koji production process such as bonito, bonito, and the like. In the preparation method of collagen and the like. The processing method and the preparation method of the present invention can be implemented in various forms within the scope of the present invention, and a typical embodiment will be described below with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the method of the present invention uses as a starting material fish trout generated in association with processing of seafood. Here, as described above, “fish fish” means fish discarded in the seafood market, processing factories and various consumer facilities such as restaurants such as fresh supermarkets, fresh fish retail stores, and sushi restaurants. Includes fish residues such as iliac bones (fish larvae) and unsold seafood. That is, in the present invention, for example, fish meal such as fish iliac collected from the seafood market, processing factories and various consumer facilities is used as a starting material. The kind and form of fish sardines and the like are not particularly limited, and the collected fish can be directly input into the processing process. In this way, it is possible to omit the selection of fish trout before use. In the case of the conventional method for producing collagens, for example, only fish scales are collected, only fish skin is collected, or only fish bones are collected. This is in contrast to what had to be done by collecting.

  More specifically, fish trout is, for example, salmon, salmon, salmon, salmon, salmon, salmon, salmon, salmon, flat eyes, salmon, salmon, salmon, big salmon, salmon, herring, silver salmon, etc. Including heads, internal organs, bones, boiled sea bream, internal organs such as octopus and squid, internal organs such as scallops, oysters, etc. In the case of the present invention, unsold fish and fish fillets before processing into fillets Etc. are also included in the scope of fish. These fish trouts are usually used as starting materials in a mixture of various seafood, but if necessary, only specific types of fish trout such as salmon and salmon may be used alone. . This is because depending on the location of the fish trout and the collection route, only a specific type of fish trout concentrates. In addition, when specific fish and shellfish are available in large quantities at low cost, or when they are disposed of without being processed, such fish and shellfish are used in place of the fish fish in the present invention. May be.

  Fish trout as described above are usually collected by specialized collectors and sent to the facility for carrying out the method of the present invention, preferably a fish meal factory. Since the fish meal plant has already been fully equipped with equipment for processing fish trout, it is only necessary to add valuable nitrogen-containing compound preparation equipment to this equipment in order to carry out the method of the present invention. Therefore, it is not necessary to spend a large installation place and a large amount of equipment cost for installing new equipment. Furthermore, by introducing a monitoring system to such a valuable nitrogen-containing compound preparation facility, the conventional preparation facility can be operated only by employees, and a dedicated employee need not be employed. Hereinafter, the method of the present invention will be described with particular reference to implementation in a fish meal factory. However, the method of the present invention may be performed in a factory other than a fish meal factory, if necessary, or from a protein solution. A starting factory for preparing valuable nitrogen-containing compounds may be provided independently.

  At the fish meal factory, fish trout is put into the raw material hopper. Fish trout usually has a size suitable for steaming, so it can be used in the steaming process as it is, but if necessary, the fish trout is crushed before being put into the hopper or while being transported from the hopper to the cooker. Or it may be crushed into a minced state.

  Next, the fish trough discharged from the hopper is sent to a cooker, where it is cooked. In the steaming process, the fish trout is usually cooked for about 30-40 minutes with a cooker heated to about 85-95 ° C., so that the head and bones are processed into a state and softness suitable for subsequent processing. The In the steaming process, if necessary, an appropriate amount of water may be added to the fish trout to increase the steaming efficiency.

  After completion of the steaming process, the steamed product obtained is supplied to the solid-liquid separation process. If necessary, a draining process may be provided between the steaming process and the solid-liquid separation process, and excess water may be removed at this stage. This is because the solid-liquid separation of the steamed product can be performed more efficiently. As a drainer, for example, a strainer conveyor can be used.

  The solid-liquid separation process can be carried out using various types of commercially available solid-liquid separation devices. For example, a screw press (squeezing machine) that is generally used for separating solids and liquids can be advantageously used as the solid-liquid separator. In this step, excess water is removed from the steamed product, and the steamed solid (so to speak, squeezed) and stick water can be separated and recovered. The steamed solid content is a precursor of fish meal (fish meal) as described below.

  The recovered steamed solids are then dried and processed into fish meal. Drying of steamed solids can be carried out using various drying devices. For example, steamed solids are dried with a plate disc dryer using steam as a heat source to obtain dried fish meal, then the dried fish meal is cooled to a suitable temperature with a meal cooler, and then a fish meal having a desired size is obtained with a pulverizer. Obtainable. For example, a hammer mill can be used as the pulverizer. Fish meal is usually a fine powder with a size of about 1-2 mm. Fish meal is shipped as roses or packed in bags, and then shipped to another office for production of livestock feed, fish feed, pet food, fertilizer and the like.

  While processing the steamed solids into fish meal, the stick water separated and recovered from the steamed solids is conveyed to the process for preparing valuable nitrogen-containing compounds according to the present invention. First, although it may be omitted if necessary, the stick water collected by the screw press is added to the decanter to separate the fine solids contained in the stick water. The fine solids can be dried and processed into fish meal. Thus, it can be returned to the above-described fish meal processing step and processed along with the steamed solids. At this stage, excess water recovered in the draining process can also be added to the decanter.

  After performing a decanter treatment as necessary, the treated stick water is centrifuged under high temperature conditions to separately collect (1) fine solids, (2) oil, and (3) protein solution. This centrifugation step can be carried out using various centrifuges, but a so-called oil separator (three-layer separator) is useful. In general, the processing temperature is preferably in the range of about 90 to 95 ° C. When the stick water is centrifuged, the oil content in the obtained protein solution can be reduced to about 0.6% or less, so that the oil content is reduced during the membrane filtration of the protein solution. It is possible to prevent the filtering function of the membrane from being inhibited by adhering to the membrane.

  Fine solids recovered by centrifugation can be dried and processed into fish meal. Thus, it can be returned to the above-described fish meal processing step and processed along with the steamed solids.

  Separately recovered oil can be processed into fish oil. The oil component is supplied as it is or after further purification, and then supplied to a fish oil tank for storage. The fish oil in the fish oil tank is usually a tank lorry and is shipped to another office for the production of margarine, soap, shortening, DHA oil and the like.

  The whole amount of the protein solution may be sent to the valuable nitrogen-containing compound preparation process of the present invention, or a part of the protein solution may be sent to the valuable nitrogen-containing compound preparation process. Here, if there is a fishmeal manufacturing plant that has been operating in the past, it will not adversely affect the production plan of that plant, so a portion of the protein solution, for example, one-quarter or half of it will contain valuable nitrogen. It is preferable to use for preparation of a compound. That is, in the method of the present invention, a protein solution is usually divided into a plurality of parts, and a part of the protein solution (referred to as “first part” in the present invention) is heated and concentrated to be used for the next processing. And collecting another part of the protein solution (referred to as “second part” in the present invention) through membrane filtration in multiple stages. From the obtained filtrate, valuable nitrogen-containing compounds such as collagens and oligopeptides are obtained. Recover amino acids, etc. If necessary, the third, fourth,... Protein solutions may be collected and treated for the purpose of extracting another valuable compound.

  The protein solution of the first part is for heat concentration. Usually, the heating and concentration step can be advantageously carried out using an evaporator (concentrator) utilizing waste heat from a dryer (described above), for example. The protein concentrate (also referred to as fish soluble) obtained in this step can be dried and processed into fish meal. Thus, it can be returned to the above-described fish meal processing step and processed along with the steamed solids. According to another method, the resulting protein concentrate contains a high concentration of protein and may be reused for the manufacture of another product.

The second part protein solution is for the preparation of valuable nitrogen-containing compounds such as collagens, peptides and amino acids. “Collagens” as used herein means various collagens and their derivatives. In particular, in the present invention, collagen is fractionated by molecular weight using a membrane filtration means showing different pore sizes or fractional molecular weights depending on the use of collagen. That is,
First fraction: high molecular weight collagen having a molecular weight of about 10,000 or more Second fraction: low molecular weight collagen having a molecular weight of about 3,000 to less than 10,000 Third fraction: about 200 to 3, An oligopeptide having a molecular weight of less than 000.

  According to the knowledge of the present inventors, collagens and other valuable nitrogen-containing compounds use a hollow fiber membrane, a membrane module, or a hollow fiber membrane as a membrane filtration means for protein solution. Separation can be performed advantageously and efficiently by using a combination of membrane modules.

  Further, as described above, the membrane filtration step of the protein solution is preferably carried out in multiple stages, and the multistage membrane filtration is advantageously carried out step by step as shown in FIG. .

  In the membrane filtration step, first, as shown in FIG. 2, microfiltration is performed using a microfiltration membrane (MF membrane). The MF membrane is made of a polymer membrane such as cellulose acetate membrane, cellophane (registered trademark) membrane, polyethersulfone membrane, polyolefin membrane (eg PP membrane), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane, etc., and the temperature of the filtrate. The optimum polymer film is selected according to the conditions. Moreover, the pore diameter of the sieve of the polymer membrane is usually in the range of about 0.5 to 10 μm. This microfiltration is advantageously carried out under pressure. When the protein solution is microfiltered, bacteria, suspended proteins, collagen having a larger molecular weight (in particular, referred to as “ultra-polymer collagen” in the present invention), residual oil, and the like can be separated and removed.

  After completion of the microfiltration step, the obtained filtrate is ultrafiltered using a first ultrafiltration membrane (UF membrane) (first ultrafiltration step). The UF membrane consists of polymer membranes such as cellulose acetate membranes, cellophane (registered trademark) membranes, polyacrylonitrile membranes, polysulfone membranes, polyethersulfone membranes, etc. The optimal polymer membrane is selected according to the temperature of the filtrate. To do. Moreover, the pore diameter of the sieve of the polymer membrane is usually in the range of about 0.003 to 0.5 μm. This ultrafiltration is advantageously carried out under pressure. When the ultrafiltration filtrate is ultrafiltered in this way, a filtration residue containing a high molecular weight collagen having a molecular weight of about 10,000 or more can be recovered. This filtration residue may be heated and concentrated to be added to the fish meal processing step described above, or may be further heated and dried to be processed into a powder product (polymer collagen). The heat concentration step is performed, for example, under conditions that increase the solid content concentration from about 25% to about 50%. The heat concentration step can be advantageously performed using, for example, an evaporator. Moreover, a heat drying process can be advantageously implemented, for example using a spray dryer etc. The resulting high molecular collagen can be used, for example, for the production of feed.

  After the completion of the first ultrafiltration step, the filtrate of the first ultrafiltration step is ultrafiltered using the second ultrafiltration membrane (UF membrane) (second ultrafiltration step). . The UF membrane is composed of a polymer membrane such as a cellulose acetate membrane, a cellophane (registered trademark) membrane, a polysulfone membrane, a polyethersulfone membrane, and the like, and an optimum polymer membrane is selected according to the temperature of the filtrate. Moreover, the pore diameter of the sieve of the polymer membrane is usually in the range of about 0.001 to 0.003 μm. This ultrafiltration is advantageously carried out under pressure. When the filtrate of the first ultrafiltration step is ultrafiltered in this way, a filtration residue containing low molecular weight collagen having a molecular weight of about 3,000 to less than 10,000 can be recovered. This filtration residue may be heated and concentrated to be added to the fish meal processing step described above, or may be further heated and dried to be processed into a powder product (low molecular collagen). The heat concentration step is performed, for example, under conditions that increase the solid content concentration from about 25% to about 50%. The heat concentration step can be advantageously performed using, for example, an evaporator. Moreover, a heat drying process can be advantageously implemented, for example using a spray dryer etc. The obtained low molecular collagen can be advantageously used, for example, as a functional ingredient for nutritional supplements, beverages, cosmetics and the like.

  After the completion of the second ultrafiltration step, the filtrate of the second ultrafiltration step is further nanofiltered using a nanofiltration membrane (NF membrane). The NF membrane consists of polymer membranes such as cellulose acetate membranes, cellophane (registered trademark) membranes, polyethersulfone membranes, polyamide membranes such as cross-linked wholly aromatic polyamide composite membranes, etc., and is optimal depending on the temperature of the filtrate. A suitable polymer membrane. Moreover, the pore diameter of the sieve of the polymer membrane is usually in the range of about 0.0005 to 0.001 μm. This nanofiltration is advantageously carried out under pressure. When the filtrate of the second ultrafiltration step is nano-filtered in this manner, a filtration residue containing an oligopeptide having a molecular weight of less than about 200 to 3,000 that was not captured by the UF membrane can be recovered. it can. Further, by using the NF membrane, amino acids having a molecular weight of less than about 200, ammonia, moisture and the like can be removed from the oligopeptide. Moreover, when this filtration residue is dried by heating, a powder product (oligopeptide) is obtained. The heat drying step can be advantageously performed using, for example, a spray dryer. The oligopeptide can be advantageously used as a functional component of, for example, a nutritional supplement, a beverage, or a cosmetic, as with the above-described low molecular collagen.

The final filtrate containing amino acid, ammonia, moisture, etc. is preferably further ion exchanged. This is because the amino acid can be adsorbed onto the ion exchange resin and recovered by passing the filtrate through the strongly acidic ion exchange resin. Specifically, for example, when the filtrate is passed through a treatment tower packed with an H-type strongly acidic ion exchange resin, the amino acid is dissociated as a basic substance and adsorbed on the resin. Thereafter, after the treatment tower is washed with water, desorption of amino acids and regeneration of the resin are simultaneously performed with NaOH water or ammonia water (NH ₄ OH). Amino acids are removed by drying to form a powder. The regenerated liquid of the resin can be combined with the waste water after the ion exchange, can be easily treated with ordinary waste water treatment equipment, and can be rendered harmless.

  The series of membrane filtration steps as described above consumes less energy and can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emission compared to the conventional collagen production method in which everything is heated and concentrated. Moreover, since it is not necessary to use a proteolytic enzyme in the membrane filtration, it is easy to carry out and the cost can be reduced. Furthermore, clogging occurs when the membrane is used continuously for a long time, but the clogging of the membrane is easily removed by washing with an aqueous solution containing sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide, for example. The membrane can be regenerated.

  In the practice of the present invention, the processing of fish and shellfish is not limited to the processing of fish trout described above with reference to FIG. 1 (manufacture of fish meal), and can also be applied to other processing processes. Typical examples are canned fish, sea bream, sea bream, sanma, octopus, squid, shellfish and other canned food production processes, and bonito, bonito, bonito, soda, muroji, urume, etc. However, it is not limited to these processing processes. The method of the present invention focuses on boiled juice produced as a by-product in the ripening step and cooking step included in these processing processes, and conventionally used only as a seasoning extract (for example, production of bonito In the case of the process, the bonito extract is prepared after concentrating the broth and added to the seasoning such as bonito, and the whole or a part of the broth is subjected to the protein liquid separation step as described above. In this membrane filtration step, valuable nitrogen-containing compounds such as collagens and amino acids are extracted. In the prior art, the present inventors do not know that a method for extracting collagens or the like from boiled juice derived from a canned manufacturing process or a knot manufacturing process is disclosed.

  FIG. 3 shows a step-by-step method for recovering valuable nitrogen-containing compounds using boiled juice generated accompanying the processing of seafood as a starting material. Note that the multi-stage membrane filtration step can be preferably performed as described above with reference to FIG. 2, and thus the description thereof will not be repeated here.

  When the processing of seafood is in the production of canned food, the broth can be recovered, for example, as follows. First, seafood (for example, fish such as salmon, salmon, salmon, salmon, octopus, squid, shellfish, etc.) is pretreated. Pretreatment includes washing and drying of seafood, and in some cases, thawing may be performed prior to these steps. In addition, the pretreatment step includes removal of the head and internal organs, cutting into a steamed size, and the like, depending on the type of seafood used as a raw material.

  The steaming step can be carried out in the same manner as the fish simmering described above. For example, the pre-treated seafood can be sent to a cooker and cooked at a temperature of about 85-95 ° C. for about 30-40 minutes. The obtained steamed product is separated, and the precursor of the desired processed product (canned contents) and the soup are collected separately.

  The resulting canned content precursor is processed in a conventional canning manufacturing process. For example, in the case of canned canned salmon, after the precursor has been allowed to cool, it is filled, canned, cleaned, sorted, etc., and then packed into a can, followed by seasoning liquid injection, vacuum sealing, external surface cleaning, etc. Can be obtained.

  Even when the processing of seafood is in the production of knots, basically, the broth can be recovered by the same technique as the canned manufacturing process described above. In the following, the method of the present invention will be described with reference to the production of bonito.

  First, the frozen jar that has been landed or stored is pretreated. The first pretreatment is thawing, usually with groundwater, and hot air is blown as necessary.

  After thawing, cut the salmon raw. This process usually includes a so-called “down to three” operation while removing the head, internal organs, excess meat, and the like. Unnecessary back fins are also removed at this stage.

  Next, the cocoon is placed in a metal bowl, and the bowl is placed in a cooker. Steaming (especially referred to as “cooking”) can be carried out in a wide range depending on the kind of koji and the season, but it is usually carried out at a temperature of about 75 to 85 ° C. for about 60 to 120 minutes. preferable. The obtained steamed product is separated, and the precursor of the target processed product (bonito) and the broth are collected separately.

  The resulting koji precursor is processed in a conventional koji manufacturing process. For example, the cocoon after taking out from the cooker is allowed to cool (this is a so-called “rounded joint”), and the skin is peeled off and boned.

  The rounded knot is then smoked and dried. This process is called roasting and can drain moisture inside the knot. Subsequently, an fumigation process of cooling at room temperature is performed. Roasting and fumigation are repeated until the water content of the knot is 30% or less. Furthermore, if the knot is dried in the sun, the target koji can be obtained. It should be noted that the above-described processing steps can be variously changed depending on the type of bonito.

  A portion of the boiled juice recovered in each step described above may be used for the preparation of a conventional seasoning extract, and the remaining portion may be used for extraction of valuable nitrogen-containing compounds such as collagens and amino acids according to the present invention. Otherwise, all of the broth may be used for extraction of valuable nitrogen-containing compounds according to the present invention. In any case, the processing of the broth may be changed as necessary, but basically, it can be performed by the same method as the processing of the stick water described above with reference to FIG.

  The recovered boiled juice is conveyed to a process for preparing a valuable nitrogen-containing compound according to the present invention. First, although you may abbreviate | omit as needed, a broth is added to a decanter and the fine solid content contained in a broth is isolate | separated. Fine solids may be dried and processed into fish meal.

  After performing the decanter treatment as necessary, it is preferable to centrifuge the boiled juice after the treatment under high temperature conditions, but it may be omitted if necessary. As a result of centrifugation, (1) fine solid, (2) oil, and (3) protein solution can be collected separately. The centrifugation step can be carried out using various centrifuges, but a so-called oil separator (three-layer separator) is useful. In general, the processing temperature is preferably in the range of about 90 to 95 ° C. When the broth is centrifuged, the oil content in the resulting protein solution can be reduced to about 0.6% or less, so that the oil content is reduced during protein membrane filtration. By adhering to the membrane, it is possible to prevent the filtering function of the membrane from being inhibited.

  Fine solids recovered by centrifugation can be dried and processed into fish meal. Moreover, the oil component collect | recovered separately can be processed into fish oil, for example. The oil is used as it is or after further purification. Applications include the production of margarine, soap, shortening, DHA oil and the like.

  The whole amount of the protein solution may be sent to the valuable nitrogen-containing compound preparation process of the present invention, or a part of the protein solution may be sent to the valuable nitrogen-containing compound preparation process. Usually, the protein solution is divided into a plurality of parts, and a part of the protein solution (referred to as “first part” in the present invention) is heated and concentrated to collect a protein concentrate having another use, It is preferable to collect another portion of the protein solution (referred to as “second portion” in the present invention) through membrane filtration in multiple stages, and to recover collagens and other valuable nitrogen-containing compounds from the obtained filtrate. If necessary, the third, fourth,... Protein solutions may be collected and treated for the purpose of extracting another valuable compound. Since this process has been described in detail with reference to FIG. 2 in particular, description thereof is omitted here.

  Subsequently, the present invention will be described with reference to examples thereof. In addition, it cannot be overemphasized that this invention is not limited by the following Example.

Fish trout collection and input:
A fish trout that consists of the iliac bones of various fishes is collected by a trader from a supermarket, etc., and carried to a fish meal factory. At the fish meal plant, fish trout is crushed as needed. The crushing of the fish trout can be performed, for example, while the fish trout is conveyed on a screw conveyor. Next, the fish trout is put into the raw material hopper. In the case of this example, the input amount of fish trout is set to about 500 t / day. Currently, the processing amount of fish trout in Japan tends to increase, and such input can be stably maintained throughout the year.

Steamed fish trout:
The fish trough that has been put into the raw material hopper is transported to the cooker. The cooker is heated to a temperature of about 90 ° C. When the fish trout is steamed for about 40 minutes in a closed cooker, the fish trout is decomposed to the whole and the fish bones are softened.

Solid-liquid separation:
The steamed product obtained is drained with a strainer conveyor and then solid-liquid separated with a screw press. The pressing force is about 249 kg. Steamed solids (squeezed residue) and stick water (boiled juice) are collected at a rate of 140 t / day and 360 t / day, respectively.

Processing fishmeal:
The recovered steamed solid is conveyed to a plate disk dryer and dried at about 160-180 ° C. Next, the obtained dried fish meal is cooled to an appropriate temperature (about 20 ° C.) with a meal cooler and finely ground with a pulverizer. Fish meal having a size of about 1-2 mm is obtained. Fish meal is obtained at a production rate of about 170 t / day and can be used for production of livestock feed, fish feed, pet food, fertilizer and the like.

Centrifugation of stick water:
Stick water collected by a screw press is added to a decanter, and fine solids contained in the stick water are separated. The separated fine solid is dried and then used for processing fish meal.

The stick water after removing fine solids is conveyed to a three-layer centrifuge (oil separator) and centrifuged at about 90 ° C. By this centrifugation, a fine solid, an oil and a protein solution are collected at rates of ³ t / day, 10 m ³ / day and 350 m ³ / day, respectively.

Fine solids processing:
Fine solids recovered by centrifugation are processed into fish meal. The fine solid content is returned to the above-described fish meal processing step (steamed solid content), dried together and pulverized.

Oil content processing:
The oil recovered by centrifugation is transferred to a fish oil tank and stored. Fish oil can be used, for example, for the production of margarine, soap, shortening, DHA oil and the like.

Preparation of protein concentrate:
A part of the protein solution recovered by centrifugation is transported to an evaporator (concentrator) at a rate of 250 m ³ / day. When the protein solution is heated and concentrated at about 100 ° C. using the waste heat of the plate disc dryer, a protein concentrate (fish soluble) is obtained. When this is further dried, a solid content is obtained at a rate of 30 t / day. In order to process into fish meal, the obtained solid content is returned to the above-mentioned fish meal processing step (cooked solid content), dried together and pulverized.

Microfiltration of protein solution:
The remainder of the protein solution collected by centrifugation is conveyed to a microfiltration device at a rate of 100 m ³ / day. The microfiltration apparatus comprises a polyolefin microfiltration membrane (MF membrane, pore size: 0.1 μm, manufactured by Asahi Kasei). When microfiltration is performed at 50 to 80 ° C. and a pressure of 220 to 300 kPa, contaminants such as bacteria, suspended protein, ultra-high molecular collagen, and residual oil are separated from the filtrate. The collected amount of these impurities is 25 m ³ (about 2 t) / day.

First ultrafiltration:
The filtrate (75 m ³ / day) obtained in the microfiltration step is transported with the molecular weight of the first ultrafiltration device. The ultrafiltration device is composed of a first ultrafiltration membrane made of polyacrylonitrile (UF membrane, molecular weight cut-off 10,000, manufactured by Asahi Kasei). When ultrafiltration is performed at 50 to 80 ° C. and a pressure of 200 to 300 kPa, a filtration residue (25 m ³ / day) containing a high molecular weight collagen having a molecular weight of about 10,000 or more is separated from the filtrate. When this filtration residue is heated and concentrated (6.25 m ³ / day) with an evaporator, powdery polymer collagen is obtained at a yield of 2.5 t / day. In order to process into fish meal, the obtained high molecular collagen is returned to the above-described fish meal processing step.

Second ultrafiltration:
The filtrate (50 m ³ / day) obtained in the first ultrafiltration step is conveyed to the second ultrafiltration device. The ultrafiltration device comprises a second ultrafiltration membrane made of polysulfone (UF membrane, fractional molecular weight 3,000, manufactured by Asahi Kasei). Upon ultrafiltration at 30-80 ° C. and a pressure of 300 kPa, a filtration residue (20 m ³ / day) containing low molecular weight collagen having a molecular weight of about 3,000 to less than 10,000 is separated from the filtrate. When this filtration residue is heated and concentrated with an evaporator (5 m ³ / day), powdery low molecular collagen is obtained at a yield of 4 t / day. The obtained low molecular weight collagen can be used as a functional ingredient for nutritional supplements, beverages, cosmetics and the like.

Nanofiltration:
The filtrate (30 m ³ / day) obtained by the second ultrafiltration is conveyed to the nanofiltration device. The nanofiltration apparatus consists of a polyamide nanofiltration membrane (NF membrane, molecular weight cut-off 200). Upon ultrafiltration at a pressure of 0.75 MPa, a filtration residue (10 m ³ / day) containing the oligopeptide is separated from the filtrate. When this filtration residue is dried by heating with a spray dryer, a powdered oligopeptide is obtained in a yield of 3 t / day. The obtained oligopeptide can be advantageously used as a functional ingredient for nutritional supplements, beverages, cosmetics and the like.

Amino acid recovery:
The filtrate (including amino acid, ammonia, moisture, etc.) obtained in the nanofiltration step is passed through a strongly acidic cation exchange resin or the like. Since only the amino acid contained in the filtrate is adsorbed on the ion exchange resin, the resin tower is washed with water after completion of the adsorption treatment, and desorption of amino acid and regeneration of the resin are simultaneously performed with NaOH water or NH ₄ OH water. The amino acid is heat-dried after desorption treatment to obtain a powder product. The liquid passing through the resin tower (including ammonia, resin regeneration liquid, etc.) can be made harmless by treating it with wastewater treatment equipment already installed in the fish meal factory.

It is the flowchart which showed one preferable form for implementing the method of this invention. It is the flowchart which showed one preferable form of the membrane filtration process in the method of this invention. It is the flowchart which showed another preferable form for implementing this invention method.

Claims (16)

A method for processing fish trout produced in connection with processing of seafood,
Steaming fish trout,
Separating the obtained steamed product into solid and liquid, and recovering steamed solids and stick water;
Centrifuge the stick water under high temperature conditions to recover fine solids, oil and protein solution;
Drying the steamed solids and the fine solids and processing them into fish meal;
Processing the oil into fish oil;
The protein solution is subjected to membrane filtration in multiple stages, and collagens are collected from the obtained filtrate, or the protein solution is divided into a plurality of parts, and the protein solution of the first part is heated and concentrated, followed by Recovering the protein concentrate to be processed in step 2 and subjecting the second part protein solution to membrane filtration in multiple stages and recovering the collagens from the obtained filtrate;
And a step of recovering amino acids by ion exchange from the filtrate obtained at the end of the membrane filtration step.   The processing method according to claim 1, wherein a hollow fiber membrane and / or a membrane module is used for membrane filtration of the protein solution. The membrane filtration of the protein solution
A microfiltration process for separating and removing bacteria, floating protein, ultra-high molecular collagen, residual oil, etc. by microfiltration of the protein solution,
A first ultrafiltration step of recovering a filtration residue containing a high molecular weight collagen having a molecular weight of 10,000 or more by ultrafiltration of the filtrate of the microfiltration step;
A second ultrafiltration step of recovering a filtration residue containing low molecular weight collagen having a molecular weight of 3,000 to less than 10,000 by ultrafiltration of the filtrate of the first ultrafiltration step; and The processing method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a nanofiltration step of recovering a filtration residue containing an oligopeptide by nanofiltration of the filtrate of the second ultrafiltration step.   The filtration residue containing high molecular collagen recovered in the first ultrafiltration step is heated and concentrated and added to the fish meal processing step, or further dried by heating to be processed into a powder product. The processing method according to claim 3.   The filtration residue containing low-molecular-weight collagen collected in the second ultrafiltration step is heated and concentrated and processed directly into a liquid product, or further dried by heating and processed into a powder product. The processing method according to claim 3 or 4.   The processing method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the filtration residue containing the oligopeptide recovered in the nanofiltration step is heated and dried to be processed into a powder product.   The treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the filtrate obtained at the end of the membrane filtration step is passed through a strongly acidic ion exchange resin to recover amino acids. A method for preparing a valuable nitrogen-containing compound comprising:
Steaming fish trout produced with the processing of seafood;
A step of recovering the stick water by solid-liquid separation of the obtained steamed product,
Centrifuge the stick water under high temperature conditions to recover the protein solution;
A step of membrane filtration of at least a part of the protein solution in multiple stages, and recovering collagens from the obtained filtrate;
Recovering amino acids by ion exchange from the filtrate obtained at the end of the membrane filtration step, and membrane filtration of the protein solution,
A microfiltration process for separating and removing bacteria, floating protein, ultra-high molecular collagen, residual oil, etc. by microfiltration of the protein solution,
A first ultrafiltration step of recovering a filtration residue containing a high molecular weight collagen having a molecular weight of 10,000 or more by ultrafiltration of the filtrate of the microfiltration step;
A second ultrafiltration step of recovering a filtration residue containing low molecular weight collagen having a molecular weight of 3,000 to less than 10,000 by ultrafiltration of the filtrate of the first ultrafiltration step; and A method for preparing a valuable nitrogen-containing compound, comprising a nanofiltration step of nanofiltration of the filtrate of the second ultrafiltration step to recover a filtration residue containing an oligopeptide.   The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein a hollow fiber membrane and / or a membrane module is used for membrane filtration of the protein solution.   The filtration residue containing the high molecular collagen recovered in the first ultrafiltration step is heated and concentrated and added to the fish meal processing step, or further heated and dried to be processed into a powder product. The preparation method according to claim 8 or 9.   The filtration residue containing low-molecular-weight collagen collected in the second ultrafiltration step is heated and concentrated and processed directly into a liquid product, or further dried by heating and processed into a powder product. The preparation method according to any one of claims 8 to 10.   The preparation method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein a filtration residue containing the oligopeptide recovered in the nanofiltration step is heated and dried to be processed into a powder product.   The preparation method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the filtrate obtained at the end of the membrane filtration step is passed through a strongly acidic ion exchange resin to recover amino acids. A method for processing boiled juice generated in connection with processing of seafood,
Steaming seafood,
Separating the obtained steamed product, recovering the precursor and boiled juice of the target processed product,
Recovering the protein solution from at least a portion of the broth;
A step of membrane filtration of at least a part of the protein solution in multiple stages, and recovering collagens from the obtained filtrate;
And a step of recovering amino acids by ion exchange from the filtrate obtained at the end of the filtration step.   The processing method according to claim 14, wherein the broth is a by-product in a can manufacturing process.   The processing method according to claim 14, wherein the broth is a by-product in a manufacturing process of bonito and other knots.

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