CN104115989A - Marine fish peptide powder, preparation method and applications thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing fishmeal protein peptide, which specifically includes the following steps: (1) using defatted marine fishmeal as a raw material, adding water to dissolve in an amount of 1:5 to 12.5 in the weight-to-volume ratio of the material to liquid; Cook at 115-130°C and pressure 0.75-1.75kg/ ^cm2 for 20-30 minutes; cool to obtain cooking liquid; (3) adjust the pH value of cooking liquid to pH 7.0-9.5; add protease to control the interaction between protease and substrate The mass concentration ratio is 0.5-2.5%, enzymatic hydrolysis at 45-70°C to obtain the enzymatic hydrolysis solution; (4) heat the enzymatic hydrolysis solution to 90-95°C, inactivate, add activated carbon, keep warm and stir constantly, decolorize and decolorize Fishy, and then enter the plate and frame filter press for pressure filtration, concentrate the clarified filtrate, and spray dry it to obtain. The fishmeal protein peptide prepared according to the invention has rich nutritional components, is easy to digest, easy to absorb, enhances immunity and other physiological functions, and can significantly improve the nutritional value and bioavailability of marine low-value fish. Applicable to all kinds of nutritional and functional health food ingredients.

Description

A kind of marine fish peptide powder and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of marine fish deep processing, and in particular relates to a marine fish peptide powder and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background technique

Fishmeal is a high-protein powder obtained from one or more types of marine fish, especially small non-edible fish as raw materials, after a series of processes such as cooking, pressing, dehydration and crushing. Fishmeal is the most commonly used protein source in aquafeeds due to its high quality. Fishmeal has become the most commonly used and most important animal in aquatic feed due to its rich content of essential amino acids, balanced amino acid composition, high protein content, good palatability, high digestibility, high unsaturated fatty acids and low anti-nutritional factors. sex protein source. Protein is one of the most critical nutrients in animal growth. The protein obtained by animals from food is decomposed into amino acids under the action of various enzymes and white enzymes, absorbed in the digestive tract of the body, and then synthesized into body protein or decomposed to produce energy. However, modern research has found that after the protein ingested by animals is hydrolyzed by proteases in the digestive tract, it is not only absorbed in the form of amino acids as previously thought, but also directly absorbed in the form of low peptides, and the absorption speed of dipeptides and tripeptides is faster than that of the same protein. Composition of amino acids fast.

The annual output of fishmeal in my country has reached about 1 million tons, becoming the largest producer and consumer of fishmeal in the world. However, although it is a big producer of fishmeal, it is difficult to call it a strong producer. There are many small regional enterprises in my country, the production scale is generally small, and the industrial concentration is low, resulting in poor production technology and product quality. How to achieve professional, large-scale and intensive production through integration and upgrading, improve the level of production technology, and create greater value through efficient use of limited resources is an urgent problem for my country's fishmeal processing industry.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of marine fish peptide powder with rich nutritional components, easy to digest, easy to absorb, enhance immunity and other physiological functions.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical means:

A preparation method of marine fish peptide powder, comprising the steps of:

(1) Use degreased marine fish meal as raw material, add water to dissolve according to the weight-to-volume ratio of feed to liquid: 1:5-12.5;

(2) Cook at a temperature of 115-130°C and a pressure of 0.75-1.75kg/ ^cm2 for 20-30 minutes; cool to obtain a cooking liquid;

(3) Adjust the pH value of the cooking liquid to pH 7.0-9.5; add protease, control the mass concentration ratio of protease and substrate to 0.5-2.5%, enzymolyze at 45-70°C to obtain enzymatic hydrolyzate;

(4) Heat the enzymolysis solution to 90-95°C, inactivate it, add 1-4g/L activated carbon, keep warm and stir constantly, decolorize and deodorize, then enter the plate and frame filter press, concentrate the filter solution, spray dry, Instantly. The marine fish peptide powder prepared by the above preparation method has a crude protein content of 65.50-82.69%, and an oligopeptide content of 55-75.52%. It can be used as a food additive and applied to various nutritious foods, beverages and seasonings.

Further, the present invention also provides preferred conditions for the above-mentioned preparation method, such as:

Preferably, the weight-to-volume ratio of the feed liquid in step (1) is 1:10, so as to realize full contact between protease and fishmeal protein.

Preferably, the pressure in step (2) is 1-1.5 kg/cm ² , the temperature is 121° C., and the time is 24-28 minutes, so as to fully degrade fishmeal protein into peptides.

Wherein, the protease is alkaline protease or a mixture of alkaline protease and flavor protease, wherein the concentration ratio of alkaline protease to substrate is 0.5-2.5%, and the concentration of flavor protease to substrate is 1-2.5%. Alkaline protease and flavored protease are known proteases, and both are commercially available products, among which alkaline protease is preferably purchased from Wuxi Genencor Bioengineering Company, and flavored protease is preferably purchased from Danish Novozymes. Described alkaline protease more preferably adopts alkaline protease Alcalase 2.4L (Denmark Novozymes). When a mixture of the two is used, the dosage ratio of alkaline protease and flavor protease is preferably but not limited to 1:1.

Preferably, in step (3), the pH value of the cooking liquid is adjusted to 9.0. At this pH value, the hydrolysis of fishmeal protein by alkaline protease can be beneficial.

Preferably, the temperature of the enzymolysis is 60° C., so as to promote a better enzymolysis process.

Preferably, the enzymolysis time is 2-4 hours to achieve a higher degree of hydrolysis.

Wherein, in the step (4), the enzymolysis solution is heated to 90-95°C, inactivated for 10 minutes, 2g/L activated carbon is added, kept at 50°C for decolorization for 40-60 minutes with constant stirring, and then filter by plate and frame Machine press filtration, take the press filtrate and concentrate to 10-15% solids, spray dry, the drying conditions are inlet temperature 110-230°C, outlet temperature 70-90°C, to obtain. This step can further remove the fishy smell, bitterness and pigment in the fish meal hydrolyzate, so that the obtained fish peptide powder has the characteristics of no fishy smell and bitter taste, milky white color, easy solubility in water, and strong umami taste.

The degreased marine fish meal of the present invention is fish protein powder made from low-value deep-sea fish degreased at low temperature, and is known by those skilled in the art. It is preferable to control the protein content in defatted marine fish meal to 70-77%, moisture ≤ 7.0%, and residual oil ≤ 1.0%. Among them, the specific preparation method can adopt many kinds disclosed in the prior art, such as low-value fish → rough processing into fish meal → heating and steaming conditioning treatment → making fish pellets → dipping and extraction → fat protein separation → finished fish meal. The low-value fish such as anchovies, etc.

The second purpose of the present invention is to protect the marine fish peptide powder obtained by the above preparation method. This marine fish peptide powder is rich in nutrients, easy to digest, easy to absorb, and has physiological functions such as enhancing immunity, and can be widely used as a food additive.

The third purpose of the present invention is to protect the application of the above-mentioned marine fish peptide powder as a food additive. Since the content of small peptides and amino acids in this product is relatively high, it can be beneficial to human digestion and absorption after being prepared as a food additive. The specific amount of addition is within the grasp of those skilled in the art, and the present invention makes no particular limitation thereto.

In addition, the present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned marine fish peptide powder as a food additive. Among them, marine fish peptide powder can be added to food as a food additive to improve the nutritional value and bioavailability of marine low-value fish. Wherein, the food may be nutrition-enhanced food for middle-aged and elderly people, including bread, cake, etc. The amount of marine fish peptide powder added is within the grasp of those skilled in the art, and the present invention does not specifically limit it.

The advantages of the present invention are: 1) High-pressure treatment of fish meal raw materials is beneficial to improve the solubility of protein in fish meal leftovers such as fish bones and scales; 2) Protease degradation method is used to produce active peptides, the reaction conditions are mild, and the enzymatic hydrolysis process is easy to control , friendly to the environment; 3) Improve the nutritional composition of fishmeal, and the products are mainly oligopeptides that are easy for the body to absorb.

The present invention makes full use of the existing abundant seawater low-value fish resources in my country, uses degreased low-value fish meal as raw material, and uses protease enzymatic hydrolysis to prepare peptide powder, which can improve the functional properties of fish meal protein and increase the nutritional value of fish meal. The development and utilization of marine low-value fish protein opens up new ways.

Detailed ways

Example 1

Use degreased marine fish meal as raw material, add water and mix evenly according to the ratio of 1:10 to water, cook at 121°C and 1.05kg/ ^cm2 pressure for 25 minutes, take it out and cool down to 60°C. Adjust the pH value of the cooking liquid to 9, use alkaline protease Alcalase 2.4L (Novozymes, Denmark) as the enzymatic enzyme, control the concentration ratio of enzyme and substrate to 1%, carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 60°C, and keep it in the enzyme During the hydrolysis process, the pH is stable. After the enzymolysis is completed, heat up to 92°C, inactivate for 10 minutes, add 2g/L activated carbon, keep warm and stir constantly, decolorize and deodorize. 12% of the product, spray-dried, the drying conditions are inlet temperature 150 ° C, outlet temperature 80 ° C, that is.

After testing, in the marine fish peptide powder prepared in this example, the oligopeptide content is 75.50%, and the relative molecular weight of the oligopeptide powder is lower than 1370Da, which is a high-quality marine fish peptide powder.

Example 2

Use degreased marine fish meal as raw material, add water and mix evenly according to the material-to-water ratio of 1:5, cook at 121°C and 1.05kg/ ^cm2 pressure for 20 minutes, take it out and cool down to 60°C. Adjust the pH value of the cooking liquid to 7.0, use flavor protease (Novozymes, Denmark) as the enzymolysis enzyme, control the concentration ratio of enzyme and substrate to 2.0%, carry out enzymolysis at 55°C, and keep the pH during the enzymolysis process Stable, after the end of enzymatic hydrolysis, heat up to 90°C, inactivate for 10 minutes, add 4g/L activated carbon, keep warm and stir continuously, decolorize and deodorize, then enter the plate and frame filter press, take the press filtrate and concentrate to 10% solids, Spray drying, the drying conditions are inlet temperature 180°C, outlet temperature 90°C, to obtain.

After testing, the marine fish peptide powder prepared in this example contains 62.00% of the oligopeptide powder, and the relative molecular weight of the oligopeptide powder is lower than 1420Da, which is a high-quality marine fish peptide powder.

Example 3

Use degreased marine fish meal as raw material, add water and mix evenly according to the ratio of 1:12.5 to water, cook at 130°C and 1.75kg/ ^cm2 pressure for 30 minutes, take it out and cool down to 60°C. Adjust the pH value of the cooking liquid to 9, use alkaline protease (Wuxi Genencor Bioengineering Co., Ltd.) The pH is stable during the process. After the enzymatic hydrolysis, heat up to 95°C, inactivate for 10 minutes, add 2g/L activated carbon, keep warm and stir constantly, decolorize and deodorize, then enter the plate and frame filter press, and take the filtrate and concentrate it to a solid 10%, spray drying, the drying conditions are inlet temperature 110 ℃, outlet temperature 70 ℃, that is.

After testing, the oligopeptide content of the marine fish peptide powder prepared in this example is 59.00%, and the relative molecular weight of the oligopeptide powder is lower than 2080 Da, which is a high-quality marine fish peptide powder.

Example 4

Use degreased marine fish meal as raw material, add water and mix evenly according to the material-to-water ratio of 1:7.5, cook at 125°C and 1kg/ ^cm2 pressure for 24 minutes, take it out and cool down to 60°C. Adjust the pH value of the cooking liquid to 8.5, first use the alkaline protease Alcalase 2.4L as the enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme, control the concentration ratio of enzyme and substrate to 0.5%, carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 55°C for 2 hours, then adjust the pH value to 7.0, and add flavor For protease, control the concentration ratio of enzyme and substrate to 0.5%, carry out enzymolysis at 55°C for 2 hours, after the end of enzymolysis, raise the temperature to 95°C, inactivate for 10 minutes, add 3g/L activated carbon, keep warm and stir constantly, decolorize and decolorize Then enter the plate and frame filter press, take the filtrate and concentrate it to 15% solids, spray dry, the drying conditions are inlet temperature 230°C, outlet temperature 90°C, that is.

After testing, the oligopeptide content of the marine fish peptide powder prepared in this example is 69.93%, and the relative molecular weight of the oligopeptide powder is lower than 1780 Da, which is a high-quality marine fish peptide powder.

Example 5

The marine fish peptide powder prepared in Example 1 is used as a food additive, and the fish peptide powder is added to the weighed flour and salt in an amount of 1%, mixed evenly, fully kneaded, statically matured, and then pressed Slice, cut into strips, and dry to obtain finished dried noodles containing fish peptide powder. The nutritional value of the obtained dried noodles is improved, and the flavor is more delicious.

Claims (9)

1. a preparation method of marine fish peptide powder, is characterized in that: comprise the steps: (1) Use degreased marine fish meal as raw material, add water to dissolve according to the weight-to-volume ratio of feed to liquid: 1:5-12.5; (2) Cook at a temperature of 115-130°C and a pressure of 0.75-1.75kg/ ^cm2 for 20-30 minutes; cool to obtain a cooking liquid; (3) Adjust the pH value of the cooking liquid to pH 7.0-9.5; add protease, control the mass concentration ratio of protease and substrate to 0.5-2.5%, enzymolyze at 45-70°C to obtain enzymatic hydrolyzate; (4) Heat the enzymolysis solution to 90-95°C, inactivate it, add 1-4g/L activated carbon, keep warm and stir constantly, decolorize and deodorize, then enter the plate and frame filter press, concentrate the filter solution, spray dry, Instantly. 2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the weight-to-volume ratio of feed liquid in step (1) is 1:10. 3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (2), the pressure is 1-1.5kg/cm ² , the temperature is 121°C, and the time is 24-28 minutes. 4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the protease is alkaline protease or a mixture of alkaline protease and flavor protease, wherein the concentration ratio of alkaline protease to substrate is 0.5-2.5%, flavor protease The substrate concentration is 1-2.5%. 5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (3), the pH value of the cooking liquid is adjusted to 9.0. 6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4), heat the enzymolysis solution to 90-95°C, inactivate it for 10 minutes, add 2g/L activated carbon, and keep it warm at 50°C Decolorize for 40-60 minutes with continuous stirring, decolorize and remove fishy smell, then enter the plate and frame filter press, take the filtrate and concentrate it to a solid content of 10-15%, spray dry, the drying conditions are inlet temperature 110-230 ° C, outlet temperature 70-90 ℃, that is. 7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the degreased marine fish meal is a fish protein powder made from deep-sea low-value fish degreased at low temperature, with a protein content of 55-75%, a water content of ≤10.0%, and residual Oil≤1.0%. 8. The marine fish peptide powder obtained by the preparation method described in any one of claims 1 to 7. 9. The application of the marine fish peptide powder as claimed in claim 8 as a food additive.