JP2007155768A - Model for crystal structure and molecule structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide models for a crystal structure and a molecule structure that even a beginner can easily assemble in a short time. <P>SOLUTION: Disclosed are the models representing the crystal structure and molecule structure of a compound in three dimensions and are characterized in that components each formed by uniting at least a part corresponding to an atom and a part corresponding to a chemical coupling hand has a groove at the part corresponding to the atom and a skeleton of the crystal structure or molecule structure of the compound is assembled by engaging the grooves and thus coupling the components. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a model of a crystal structure and a molecular structure for use as a physical education material.

  As a conventional molecular model, a sphere and a rod are generally used. This is a polyhedron such as a tetrahedron, a icosahedron, a 26-hedron, a 32-hedron, and a sphere obtained by cutting off the corners of the Plato regular polyhedron. The polyhedrons are connected by inserting both ends of the rod into the connecting hole so that the distance between the centers of the polyhedrons corresponds to the interatomic distance (see Patent Document 1).

  However, in the above conventional model, a polyhedron such as a tetrahedron, a icosahedron, a 26-hedron, a thirty-hedron, a sphere, or the like obtained by cutting off the corners of the Plato regular polyhedron in its faithful to the structure. By using valence angles based on the atomic or molecular orbital concept and using different types of connecting rods based on their respective lengths for interatomic distances, the polyhedron and connecting rods The combination was complicated and difficult to understand for beginners.

  In addition, since one model generally uses about 30 to 60 atoms, for example, a model made by inserting eight connecting rods into one polyhedron has 240 to 480 insertion points. Linking was necessary, and making a model was inconvenient because it took a long time from half a day to one day.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-233900

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a model of a crystal structure or a molecular structure that can be easily assembled in a short time even by beginners.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a model that three-dimensionally represents a crystal structure or a molecular structure of a compound, and at least a part corresponding to an atom and a part corresponding to a chemical bond are integrated. However, a model having a groove at a site corresponding to the atom and assembling the skeleton of the crystal structure or the molecular structure of the compound by joining the parts by fitting the grooves together. (Claim 1).

  In this way, if the model is a model that joins a part corresponding to an atom and a part corresponding to a chemical bond with a groove, the assembly is simple and can be performed in a short time. The molecular structure of the compound can be easily understood.

  In this case, the skeleton of the diamond structure can be assembled by only one type of component in which the portion corresponding to the atom and the portion corresponding to the chemical bond are integrated.

  As described above, according to the present invention, a skeleton having a diamond structure that looks very complicated for beginners can be easily assembled with only one kind of component in a short time.

  In this case, a skeleton of a simple cubic lattice, a body-centered cubic lattice, or a face-centered cubic lattice can be assembled by using only two types of parts in which the portion corresponding to the atom and the portion corresponding to the chemical bond are integrated. (Claim 3).

  As described above, according to the present invention, any one of a simple cubic lattice, a body-centered cubic lattice, and a face-centered cubic lattice can be easily assembled with only two types of parts in a short time.

  Moreover, the atomic arrangement state in the unit cell can be expressed by connecting a part of the model with a string or a rod (claim 4).

  In this way, by connecting a part of the model with a string or a rod, it is very easy to grasp the atomic arrangement state in the unit cell, and it can be easily understood by beginners.

  Moreover, an atom can be expressed by attaching a ball | bowl to the site | part corresponded to the atom of the said component (Claim 5).

  Thus, if atoms are expressed by attaching balls to the parts corresponding to the atoms of the component, it can be made easier to understand.

  In addition, a difference in atom and / or bond is expressed by attaching a ball having a different color to the part corresponding to the atom of the part and / or changing the color of the part corresponding to the chemical bond of the part. (Claim 6).

  If the difference between atoms and / or bonds is expressed in this way, it becomes very easy to grasp the bonding state of each atom, the different atoms and the difference between the bonds.

  Also, a model in which at least a first model according to any of the present inventions and a second model according to any of the present inventions different in shape and / or size from the first model are connected, and (Claim 7).

  In this way, by connecting multiple models with different shapes and / or sizes, a model of a material having multiple structures can be formed, which can be used to understand the difference in symmetry and coupling between the structures. it can.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the model can be disassembled again after being assembled.

  In this way, if the model can be assembled and disassembled, the model can be disassembled and carried on a business trip, assembled and used in a short time at a business trip destination, and disassembled and brought back again. Can be spread.

  In the crystal structure and molecular structure model according to the present invention, a part in which a part corresponding to an atom and a part corresponding to a chemical bond are integrated is assembled by joining grooves provided in the part, and thus connected to a polyhedron. Selection of rods and insertion holes is unnecessary and easy to understand. Furthermore, it is possible to assemble a plurality of atoms and bonds by simply joining the grooves of these parts once, and the total number of parts can be greatly reduced, and the time for modeling can be reduced from 1/5 to 1/5. It will be possible to shorten it to / 10. Therefore, it was also possible to disassemble and carry the model and assemble it at a business trip destination.

Hereinafter, although embodiment of this invention is described, this invention is not limited to these.
As described above, the conventional molecular model requires selection of a polyhedron, a connecting rod, and an insertion hole, and requires a lot of time for assembly. Therefore, as a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have greatly shortened the time for modeling by using a part in which a part corresponding to an atom and a part corresponding to a chemical bond are integrated. The present invention has been completed by conceiving what can be done.

  That is, the present invention is a model that three-dimensionally represents a crystal structure or a molecular structure of a compound, and a component that integrates at least a site corresponding to an atom and a site corresponding to a chemical bond corresponds to the atom. There is provided a model characterized by having a groove at a part and assembling the skeleton of the crystal structure or the molecular structure of the compound by joining the parts by fitting the grooves together.

  Thus, by making the part corresponding to the atom and the part corresponding to the chemical bond into an integral part, the selection of the polyhedron, the connecting rod and the insertion hole as in the prior art becomes unnecessary, making assembly easier to understand. . In addition, it is possible to assemble a plurality of atoms and bonds just by fitting the grooves provided in the parts corresponding to the atoms of this part once, so that the total number of parts can be greatly reduced and the modeling can be made. The time can be greatly reduced.

  For example, a skeleton having a diamond structure can be assembled by using only one type of component in which a portion corresponding to the atom and a portion corresponding to a chemical bond are integrated. The model according to the present invention will be specifically described below by taking such a case as an example.

[Diamond structure skeleton]
FIG. 4 shows a diamond structure (diamond crystal lattice) which is a crystal structure of semiconductor silicon. For beginners, it looks like a very complicated crystal structure, but in the present invention, this complex-looking diamond structure skeleton can be made with only one kind of component.

  The feature of this structure is that four bonds come out from one atom. That is, bonds are drawn from the atom b in the directions of the atoms a and c and in the directions of the atoms f and g. The angle abc formed by the bond in the atom a direction and the bond in the atom c direction is equivalent to the angle fbg formed by the bond in the atom f direction and the bond in the atom g direction, both of which are 109 degrees.

  FIG. 5 is a top view of FIG. From FIG. 5, the bond ab and the bond bc are on a straight line, the bond fb and the bond bg are also on a straight line, and abc and fbg are orthogonal to each other. I understand that. Similarly, it can be seen that the joints cd and de and the joints hd and di are on a straight line and are orthogonal to each other.

  In this way, the structure of the atom ab-c-f-g and the structure of the atom cd-e-h-i are the same, and the atom fk-h-j-l is also the atom g It can be seen that -mi-ln has the same structure.

  That is, the diamond crystal lattice in FIG. 4 has atoms ab-c-f-g and atoms cd-e-h-i arranged below them, and atoms f-k-h-j-l and atoms. g-m-l-n are lined up. In addition, the arrangement of atoms is the same for atoms ab-c-d-e and j-k-l-m-n, with a zigzag shape with an inclination of 109 degrees and orthogonal to each other. You can see that

  Therefore, in the diamond crystal lattice of FIG. 4, the atomic arrangements fbg and hd are orthogonal to the atomic arrangement abcde, and below that, fkh and It can be seen that gmi is orthogonal, and further, jk-l-m-n of the arrangement of atoms is orthogonally below it.

Next, the method of the present invention for creating this complex-looking diamond structure skeleton with only one type of component will be described.
FIG. 3 shows a component 12 according to the present invention. The part 12 is a part in which a part 13 corresponding to an atom and a part 14 corresponding to a chemical bond are integrated, and has a groove 15 in the part 13 corresponding to an atom. Further, the angle formed between the joints 14 of the component 12 is 109 degrees, similarly to the angle formed between the joints of the diamond structure described above. FIG. 2 shows a part 11 in which the part 12 is simply inverted up and down. The parts 11 and 12 are the same kind of parts.

  The part 11 of FIG. 2 corresponds to the ab-c-d-e of the diamond structure of FIG. 4, and the part 12 of FIG. -i and j-k-lm-n.

  By inserting the groove 17 of the component 12 into the groove 16 of the component 11 so as to be orthogonal to each other, a structure of atoms ab-c-fg can be formed. By assembling the same kind of parts in the same way, the structure of the atom cd-e-h-i can be made. Similarly, f-h-h and g-m-i in the arrangement of atoms correspond to the part 11 and j-k-l-m-n corresponds to the part 12, and the grooves of these parts 11 and 12 are defined. It is possible to easily assemble a skeleton model of a diamond structure shown in FIG. 1 by inserting them so as to be orthogonal to each other.

  Here, for the sake of explanation, the colors of the parts 11 and 12 are different from each other. However, as described above, the parts 11 and 12 are originally one kind of parts, and may be parts of the same color.

  Further, according to the present invention, a skeleton of any one of a simple cubic lattice, a body-centered cubic lattice, and a face-centered cubic lattice is formed by only two types of parts in which the portion corresponding to the atom and the portion corresponding to the chemical bond are integrated Can be assembled.

[Skeleton of simple cubic lattice]
FIG. 6 shows a simple cubic lattice. In the present invention, the skeleton of this crystal structure can be assembled with two types of parts.

  The feature of this structure is that six bonds come out from one atom. That is, the three directions from the atom o to the atoms p, r, and s, and 180 degrees opposite thereto.

The structure of the upper surface atom op-qr and the lower surface atom stv-vv can be made by fitting the parts of FIGS. 7 and 8 so that the grooves are perpendicular to each other. I can do it. The parts shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 are the same kind of parts simply by turning them upside down.
For example, the structure of the atom op-qr is such that the grooves o and r of the component of FIG. 7 are the grooves o and r of the component of FIG. 8, and the grooves p and q of the component of FIG. It can be easily assembled by inserting p and q.

FIG. 9 shows parts different from those shown in FIGS. The bonds connecting the structure of the upper surface atom op-q-r and the structure of the lower surface atom s-t-v-v are grooves o, s, p, t, q, u, r, It can be completed by inserting v into the positions corresponding to o and s, p and t, q and u, r and v of the atoms on the upper and lower surfaces.
As described above, the skeleton of a simple cubic lattice can be easily made with only two types of parts.

[Skeleton of body-centered cubic lattice]

  FIG. 10 shows a body-centered cubic lattice. In the present invention, the skeleton of this crystal structure can be assembled with two types of parts.

The feature of this structure is that eight bonds come out from one atom. That is, there are four directions from atom e to atoms a, b, h, and i, and four directions from atoms c, d, f, and g.
The structure of the atoms a, b, e, h, i can be easily assembled by inserting the grooves of e of the two parts in FIG.

The structure of the atoms c, d, e, f, and g can be easily assembled by inserting the grooves e of the two parts shown in FIG. 12 into the part e of the structure made of the parts shown in FIG.
As described above, the skeleton of the body-centered cubic lattice can be easily made by using only two types of parts shown in FIGS.

As shown in FIG. 13, the groove formation angle θ of the component in FIG. 12 is an angle formed by the <011> orientation and the <−111> orientation crystallographically, so that cos θ = 2 / √6 From the equation
It can be easily calculated as θ = 35.3 degrees. Accordingly, the groove of the component shown in FIG. 12 may be formed so that θ = 35.3 degrees.

[Skeleton of face-centered cubic lattice]
FIG. 14 shows a face-centered cubic lattice. In the present invention, the skeleton of this crystal structure can be assembled with two types of parts.

  The feature of this structure is that 12 bonds come out from one atom. That is, four directions from atom e to atoms a, b, c, and d, four directions of atoms f, g, h, and i and directions that are mirror-symmetric with respect to the plane formed by atoms a, b, c, d, and e. There are four directions. Since the surface formed by the atoms a, b, c, d, e and the surface formed by the atoms j, k, l, m, n are equivalent, the atom e and the atom n are equivalent, and the direction of the specular object is the atom The direction is equivalent to the four directions of n to atoms f, g, h, and i. The atomic plane ab-c-d-e can be easily assembled by inserting the grooves of e of the two parts in FIG. Since the atomic plane j-kl-mn is equivalent to the atomic plane ab-c-d-e, similarly, it is easy to insert the n grooves of the two parts in FIG. 16 into each other. Can be assembled. The atomic plane f-g-h i is also equivalent to the atomic plane a-b-c-d-e and the atomic plane j-kl-mn. That is, atoms a, e, and d are equivalent to atoms f, g, and h. Therefore, it can be made of the same parts as those shown in FIGS. 15 and FIG. 16 are the same kind of parts.

  As described above, the connection in the horizontal plane can be easily made with the components shown in FIGS. On the other hand, the bonds in the direction of the atoms a-i-m and the atoms d-j-j in the oblique direction can be easily made by inserting the grooves i of the two parts shown in FIG. In addition, the atom afk direction, the atom bfj direction, the atom bgl direction, the atom cgk direction, the atom chm direction, and the atom dh The -l direction is equivalent to the atom aim direction and the atom dij direction, and can be formed in the same manner using the same components as in FIG.

As described above, the skeleton of the face-centered cubic lattice can be easily made with only two types of parts, one kind of parts shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 and one kind of part shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 18, the groove formation angle Φ of the component in FIG. 17 is an angle formed by the <001> orientation and the <101> orientation crystallographically. Therefore, from the equation of cos Φ = 1 / √2
Φ = 45 degrees can be calculated easily. Accordingly, it is only necessary to form the groove of the component in FIG. 17 so that Φ = 45 degrees.

  In the present invention, the atomic arrangement state in the unit cell can be expressed by connecting a part of the model with a string or a rod.

  As an example, FIG. 19 shows a diamond structure model according to the present invention. FIG. 19 shows a part of the diamond structure skeleton model of FIG. 1 connected with a string or a rod as indicated by a broken line 21. By tying with a string or a bar in this way, it is possible to make it easy to grasp the atomic arrangement state in the unit cell by using the connected region as a unit cell.

  In the present invention, atoms can also be expressed by attaching balls to portions corresponding to the atoms of the component.

  Further, in the present invention, a difference in atom and / or bond is obtained by attaching a ball having a different color to a part corresponding to an atom of the part and / or changing a color of a part corresponding to a chemical bond of the part. Can also be expressed.

  An example of such an embodiment is shown in FIG. The skeleton of the structure shown in FIG. 20 is the same as the model of the skeleton of the diamond structure in FIG. 1, but a ball having a different color is attached to the part corresponding to the atom of the component, or the color of the part corresponding to the bond is changed. By changing it, it is possible to express a zinc-blende-type crystal lattice in which atoms and bonds are different from the diamond structure. For example, a group III-V compound semiconductor (AlP, GaAs, InSb, etc.) has this crystal structure, a black ball 31 is a group III Al, Ga, In atom, and a white ball 32 is a group V P, As. , Sb atoms.

  In this case, the structure of the ball expressing the atoms is not particularly limited as long as it can be fixed to a part corresponding to the atom of the component. As an example, a specific example of a ball is shown in FIG. (1) is a view of the ball viewed from below, (2) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A ′ of (1), and (3) is a view of (1) viewed from the direction B. As shown in these drawings, the ball has a mounting groove 33 and can be fixed by being fitted into a part corresponding to an atom of the component via the mounting groove 33.

  In the present invention, there is provided a model in which at least the first model according to any one of the above and the second model according to any one of the above having a different shape and / or size from the first model are connected. Provided.

An example of such a connected model will be described below.
First, FIG. 22 shows a model of an oxide film grown on a silicon crystal according to the present invention. The silicon crystal has a diamond structure, but the oxide film has a cristobalite crystal structure.
That is, as shown in FIG. 22, a gray ball 41 is an oxygen atom bonded to a silicon atom 42, and an oxygen atom enters and bonds between the silicon atom and the silicon atom. The lattice constant is 0.543 nm for silicon crystals and 0.712 nm for cristobalite.

FIG. 23 shows an enlarged view of the gray ball 41. (1) is the figure which looked at the ball from the bottom, (2) is AA 'sectional view of (1), and (3) is the figure which looked at (1) from the direction of A. The ball has a mounting groove 43 and a convex portion 44 protruding from the mounting groove 43. On the other hand, an insertion groove into which the convex portion 44 is inserted is formed in advance in a portion corresponding to a chemical bond of the component according to the present invention. Thereby, the gray ball 41 can be fixed to the component by inserting the convex portion 44 into the insertion groove of the component.
The gray ball 41 is only required to be fixed at a corresponding position of the component, and the structure of the ball and the component for fixing the ball is not limited to that described above.

Next, FIG. 24 shows a model in which the oxide film model shown in FIG. 22 is connected to the diamond structure model shown in FIG.
In the drawing, the aa ′ portion is a model of the oxide film (cristobalite structure) shown in FIG. 22, and the bb ′ portion is a model of the connection portion, which is an interface between the oxide film and the silicon crystal. The cc ′ portion is a model of a silicon crystal (diamond structure).

  In this way, by connecting a plurality of models, a material having a plurality of structures can be easily expressed by a model. For example, as described above, the lattice constant of the oxide film is larger than that of silicon, and lattice distortion occurs at the interface bb ′, that is, the length of the bond at the interface is different from the others. Can understand.

  Although the example which connected three models was shown above, this invention is not limited to this, You may connect two or four or more models.

  Moreover, since the model of the present invention is fitted in the groove, it can be disassembled again after assembling. If the model of the present invention can be disassembled after assembling, it can be easily assembled and disassembled in a short time. Therefore, the model can be disassembled and carried, assembled and used on a business trip, and then disassembled again after use.

  The material of the crystal structure and the molecular structure model of the compound according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is generally convenient to make it from, for example, plastic.

  Although the present invention has been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. The above-described embodiment is an exemplification, and any structure having substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention and having the same function and effect can be used. It is included in the technical scope of the present invention.

It is a figure which shows an example of the model of the skeleton of the diamond structure which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the components of the model of the skeleton of the diamond structure which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the components of the model of the skeleton of the diamond structure which concerns on this invention. It is a three-dimensional view of a diamond crystal lattice. It is the top view which looked at the diamond crystal lattice from the top. It is a three-dimensional view of a simple cubic lattice. It is a figure which shows an example of the components of the model of the skeleton of a simple cubic lattice which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the components of the model of the skeleton of a simple cubic lattice which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the components of the model of the skeleton of a simple cubic lattice which concerns on this invention. It is a three-dimensional view of a body-centered cubic lattice. It is a figure which shows an example of the components of the model of the skeleton of the body centered cubic lattice which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the components of the model of the skeleton of the body centered cubic lattice which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which calculates | requires the formation angle of the groove | channel which the components of the model of the frame | skeleton of a body-centered cubic lattice concerning this invention have. It is a three-dimensional view of a face-centered cubic lattice. It is a figure which shows an example of the components of the model of the skeleton of the face centered cubic lattice which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the components of the model of the skeleton of the face centered cubic lattice which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the components of the model of the skeleton of the face centered cubic lattice which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which calculates | requires the formation angle of the groove | channel which the component of the frame model of the face-centered cubic lattice which concerns on this invention has. It is a figure which shows an example of the model of the diamond structure which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the model of the zinc flash (Zincblende) type crystal structure which concerns on this invention. (1) is a view of a ball representing an atom from below, (2) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ of (1), and (3) is a view of (1) from the direction of B FIG. It is an example of the model of the oxide film grown on the silicon crystal concerning the present invention. (1) is a view of a ball representing an atom from below, (2) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ of (1), and (3) is a view of (1) from the direction of A. FIG. It is a figure showing an example which connected a plurality of models concerning the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

11 ... parts, 12 ... parts, 13 ... parts corresponding to atoms,
14 ... site corresponding to a chemical bond, 15 ... groove, 16 ... groove, 17 ... groove,
21 ... dashed line, 31 ... black ball, 32 ... white ball, 33 ... mounting groove,
41 ... Gray ball, 42 ... Silicon atom, 43 ... Mounting groove, 44 ... Projection.

Claims (8)

  It is a model that three-dimensionally represents the crystal structure and the molecular structure of a compound, and at least a part that corresponds to an atom and a part that corresponds to a chemical bond has a groove in the part that corresponds to the atom. The model is characterized in that the parts are joined by fitting the grooves together to assemble the skeleton of the crystal structure or the molecular structure of the compound.   The model according to claim 1, wherein a skeleton of a diamond structure is assembled by only one type of part in which a part corresponding to the atom and a part corresponding to a chemical bond are integrated.   A skeleton of a simple cubic lattice, a body-centered cubic lattice, or a face-centered cubic lattice is assembled by using only two types of parts in which the portion corresponding to the atom and the portion corresponding to the chemical bond are integrated. The model according to claim 1.   The model according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an atomic arrangement state in a unit cell is expressed by connecting a part of the model with a string or a bar.   The model according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein atoms are represented by attaching balls to portions corresponding to the atoms of the component.   A difference in atom and / or bond is expressed by attaching a ball having a different color to a part corresponding to an atom of the part and / or changing a color of a part corresponding to a chemical bond of the part. The model according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein:   At least the first model according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and at least the shape and / or the size of the first model are different from those of the first model. A model connected to the second model described above.   The model according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the model can be disassembled again after being assembled.

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