JP2007143550A - Roasting apparatus, roasting method, smoke remover and method for removing smoke - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a roasting device and a roasting method using superheated steam as a heat source, able to roast a material to be roasted in a quantity of a degree used in commercial production, generating little discharged smoke and reducing maintenance such as cleaning and the like. <P>SOLUTION: The roasting apparatus is equipped with a superheated steam generator 300 for generating superheated steam, a roasting device 400 for roasting using superheated steam as a heat source and a discharge cyclone 500 for separating refuse such as chaffs and the like from discharged air. As the superheated steam generator 300, a superheated steam generator of electromagnetic induction type equipped with a tank inside of which a member comprising a ceramic material is installed and through which the steam passes with contacting to the member and a coil installed outside of the super heated tank and connected to a high frequency alternate current power source is used. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a roasting apparatus and roasting method using superheated steam as a heat source, as well as a smoke eliminating apparatus and a smoke eliminating method.

  Conventionally, it has been proposed to use superheated steam as a heat source for roasting coffee beans or the like (an object to be roasted).

  In roasting using superheated steam, (1) since roasting can be performed in an oxygen-free atmosphere, oxidation of the roasting object can be suppressed, and the expiration date can be extended. (2) Convection transfer In addition to heat and radiant heat transfer, condensation film heat transfer (condensation heat transfer; superheated steam touches and condenses the object to be roasted and raises the temperature of the object to be roasted). It is possible to improve energy consumption by shortening the roasting time and (3) improving the taste by reducing the amount of aroma components scattered.

  For example, in Patent Document 1, the roasting environment atmosphere is set to an oxygen-free or low-oxygen state of 100 ° C. to 250 ° C. using superheated steam, and the roasting environment atmosphere is set to 5 ° C./min to 50 ° C./min. A technique for roasting by raising the temperature at a rate is disclosed.

  Patent Document 2 describes that it is preferable to roast coffee beans using superheated steam and that the amount of superheated steam is 1 kg / h to 30 kg / h per kg of raw material. . Are listed.

  Patent Document 3 describes that roasting is performed for 5 to 15 minutes using superheated steam of 200 to 400 ° C. and 0 to 50 kPa gauge.

  In Patent Document 4, the pressure is 6.5 to 20.0 bar. G, pre-roasting for 50 seconds to 300 seconds at a superheated supply steam temperature of 251 ° C. to 400 ° C., and 0 to 0.9 bar. G, it is described that the final roasting is performed at a superheated supply steam temperature of 251 ° C to 400 ° C for 90 seconds to 800 seconds. Patent Document 4 describes that 0.85 kg to 0.86 kg of roasted beans could be manufactured under the above conditions.

  Further, for example, Patent Document 5 discloses a technique in which a roasting chamber is set to an overheated steam atmosphere (oxygen-free atmosphere), and an object to be roasted is heated and roasted with superheated steam and a far infrared heater. .

  Patent Document 6 discloses a technique in which a preliminary roasting (steaming) process is performed in the presence of superheated steam, and this roasting process is performed using hot air, combustion gas, far-infrared microwaves, or the like.

Patent Document 7 discloses a superheated steam generator capable of continuously supplying a large amount of superheated steam while having a compact size.
JP 2003-274862 A (publication date: September 30, 2003) Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-137269 (Publication date: June 2, 2005) JP 2003-144050 A (publication date: May 20, 2003) JP-A-6-46755 (Publication date: February 22, 1994) JP 2003-189835 A (publication date: July 8, 2003) Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2004-41170 (Publication date: February 12, 2004) JP 2004-251605 A (publication date: September 9, 2004)

  However, the conventional roasting technique using superheated steam has a problem that only a small amount of roasting object can be roasted because the amount of steam generated by the superheated steam generator is extremely small.

  For example, when roasting coffee beans, as in Patent Document 4 described above, only a small amount of coffee beans less than 1 kg can be roasted, and coffee beans in an amount that can be used for commercial production are roasted. It was difficult to roast.

  Patent Documents 1 to 4 describe that all the roasting steps are performed by superheated steam in roasting coffee beans, but there is no specific configuration for generating and supplying superheated steam. Not disclosed.

  According to Patent Document 2, the amount of superheated steam necessary for roasting coffee beans is preferably 1 kg / h to 30 kg / h per 1 kg of coffee beans. However, in the conventional general superheated steam generator, since the amount of steam generated is small, the amount of superheated steam necessary for roasting coffee beans in an amount that can be used for commercial production (for example, 5 kg or more) is supplied. Can not. Therefore, the techniques of Patent Documents 1 to 4 cannot roast coffee beans in an amount that can be used for commercial production.

  In addition, it is conceivable to increase the size of the superheated steam generator so that a large amount of roasting objects can be roasted, but in that case, the size of the superheated steam generator becomes extremely large compared to the roaster, It is not realistic because a large installation space is required. In addition, it is conceivable to connect a large number of superheated steam generators in parallel. However, in this case as well, the installation space for the superheated steam generator increases, so that practical application is difficult. In this case, since it is necessary to provide a large number of pipes for supplying steam, the apparatus configuration becomes complicated. Further, since the superheated steam is easily cooled by a temperature difference from the outside air, it is necessary to perform advanced heat insulation treatment on each pipe, and the apparatus cost increases. Moreover, since the length of the steam supply path from each superheated steam generator to the roasting device is different, the temperature of the superheated steam supplied from each superheated steam generator to the roasting device is different, making temperature control difficult. .

  For this reason, the only conventional roasting method using superheated steam is a method in which an auxiliary heat source is used together as in Patent Document 5 or only in a steaming process as in Patent Document 6, for example. The fact is not being done. However, in these methods, since it is necessary to install another heat source in addition to the superheated steam supply means, there is a problem that the apparatus cost increases. In addition, there is a problem that the oxidation suppression effect, taste improvement effect, energy saving effect, etc., which are advantages of using superheated steam, are halved.

  In Patent Documents 5 and 6, since a heat source other than superheated steam is used in combination, a large smoke eliminator (smoke extinguishing burner, catalyst, etc.) is installed to eliminate smoke generated during roasting. Therefore, the apparatus cost and the installation space of the apparatus were increased.

  In addition, in conventional roasting devices, dry garbage such as chaff (coffee bean husks, etc.) adheres to the exhaust passage. In order to prevent these garbage from igniting and igniting, the chaff adhering to the exhaust passage is prevented. It was necessary to frequently perform maintenance to remove (clean).

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to roast a roasting object in an amount that can be used for commercial production, and the amount of smoke that is discharged is small and cleaning is performed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a roasting apparatus and roasting method using superheated steam as a heat source, which can reduce maintenance such as the above.

  Conventionally, as a smoke extinguishing device for extinguishing smoke generated by heating, incineration, etc. of various articles, a fuel such as gas is burned in the smoke and a smoke extinguishing treatment is performed by a high-temperature flame. Smoke suppressors are widely used.

  However, a smoke eliminator that uses a flame to perform a smoke eliminator (1) consumes a large amount of fuel for combustion, (2) has a large amount of carbon dioxide emission due to combustion, (3) Along with this, there are problems such as that harmful substances such as dioxins are discharged, (4) exhaust gas is hot, (5) a combustion furnace with a large volume is required, and (6) combustion noise is loud.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a smoke eliminator that can reduce the fuel consumption, reduce the amount of carbon dioxide, reduce the amount of harmful substances, reduce the exhaust temperature, prevent noise, and reduce the size. And to provide a method of smoke suppression.

  In addition, smoke extinguishment in this specification does not necessarily mean that smoke is completely erased, but may be anything that substantially reduces smoke. That is, smoke is a solid or liquid dispersed in a gas as fine particles, and smoke extinguishment in this specification is removal of at least a part of solid or liquid fine particles dispersed in a gas. It means to do.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the roasting apparatus of the present invention includes a roasting chamber into which an object to be roasted is charged and a superheated steam generator that supplies superheated steam to the roasting chamber, In the roasting apparatus for roasting an object to be roasted with superheated steam supplied to the room, the superheated steam generator includes a superheated tank having a magnetic member therein, a steam supply pipe connected to the superheated tank, and superheated steam A discharge pipe and a coil disposed outside the superheat tank and connected to a high frequency alternating current power source, applying a high frequency alternating voltage to the coil, and supplying the steam supplied from the steam supply pipe to the superheat tank to the magnetic member The superheated steam is generated by passing through the superheated tank while being in contact with the superheated steam and discharged from the superheated steam discharge pipe, and the superheated steam discharged from the superheated steam discharge pipe is supplied to the roasting chamber. That.

  Further, in order to solve the above problems, the roasting method of the present invention comprises a roasting chamber into which a roasting object to be roasted is charged, and a superheated steam generator for supplying superheated steam to the roasting chamber. A roasting method for roasting an object to be roasted with superheated steam supplied to the roasting chamber using the roasting apparatus provided, the superheat tank having a magnetic member inside, and connected to the superheat tank A steam supply pipe and a superheated steam discharge pipe, and a coil disposed outside the superheat tank and connected to a high-frequency AC power source, apply a high-frequency AC voltage to the coil, and are supplied from the steam supply pipe to the superheat tank. The superheated steam discharged from the superheated steam discharge pipe is generated using a superheated steam generator that generates superheated steam by passing through the superheated tank while contacting the steam with the magnetic member, and discharges it from the superheated steam discharge pipe. Above It is characterized by supplying to the chamber.

  According to the roasting apparatus and the roasting method described above, an eddy current is generated in the superheated tank by the magnetic lines generated by applying a high-frequency AC voltage to the coil. This eddy current heats the magnetic member together with the steam in the superheated tank. And the superheated steam can be generated by heating the steam passing through the superheat tank by bringing it into contact with the magnetic member heated by Joule heat. Thereby, superheated steam can be generated more efficiently than before, and high-temperature superheated steam can be generated in large quantities and continuously.

  Therefore, according to the roasting apparatus and the roasting method described above, a large amount of superheated steam can be supplied to the roasting chamber, so that the amount of roasting objects that can be roasted by a single roasting process can be increased. That is, it is possible to roast an object to be roasted in an amount that can be used for commercial production (for example, 5 kg or more).

  Moreover, according to said roasting apparatus and roasting method, all the roasting processes including the steaming process and the main roasting process can be performed using only superheated steam as a heat source. For this reason, the amount of smoke discharged from the roasting device, the roasting odor, and the like can be reduced. Therefore, maintenance such as cleaning of the roasting room or the smoke exhausting facility can be simplified and the maintenance cycle can be extended. Moreover, since it is not necessary to provide a large smoke evacuation facility as in the conventional roasting apparatus using gas or the like as a heat source, the apparatus configuration can be simplified and the apparatus cost can be reduced. Moreover, the generation amount of carbon dioxide, dioxin, etc. can be suppressed as compared with the roasting apparatus using combustion gas such as gas or petroleum.

  The superheated steam generator has a capacity smaller than that of the roasting chamber, and the superheated steam generator has a capacity of 50 to 300 kg of superheated steam at 200 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower. It is preferable to continuously supply at a flow rate of / h or less. According to said structure, the roasting object of the quantity (for example, 5 kg or more) of the grade which can be utilized for commercial production can be roasted. Moreover, since the capacity of the superheated steam generator is smaller than the capacity of the roasting chamber, the installation space for the superheated steam generator can be reduced. Moreover, since the superheated steam necessary for roasting can be supplied by one superheated steam generator, the piping configuration can be simplified compared to the case of installing a plurality of superheated steam generators, and the superheated steam is supplied to the roasting chamber. The temperature control of superheated steam becomes easy.

  Moreover, it is good also as a structure provided with the exhaust path which guides the exhaust_gas | exhaustion from the said roasting chamber to a predetermined discharge position.

  According to said structure, a part of superheated steam discharged | emitted from a roasting chamber is condensed in an exhaust passage, and turns into condensed water. In addition, superheated steam has the characteristic that it is easy to be cooled by the temperature difference with external air (outside of an exhaust path) compared with combustion gas, such as gas and oil, for example. Condensed water condensed in the exhaust passage functions to suppress adhesion of dust such as chaff to the exhaust passage. That is, dust such as chaff adhering to the exhaust passage can be greatly reduced as compared to a conventional roasting apparatus using a heat source other than superheated steam. Therefore, the maintenance cycle such as cleaning of the exhaust passage can be extended, and the convenience for the user can be improved.

  In the conventional roasting apparatus using superheated steam, the amount of steam to be used (the amount of roasting object to be roasted), that is, the exhaust amount itself is very small, so there is no need to provide an exhaust passage, or It was nice to have a small one. For this reason, maintenance such as cleaning did not require much labor. On the other hand, when the size of the roasting device is increased and the displacement is increased, the exhaust passage is also increased in scale (larger diameter and longer). Therefore, the greater the amount of the roasting object to be roasted (the more the amount of superheated steam used), the less the maintenance labor can be achieved by the effect of preventing the attachment of dust and the like by condensation of the superheated steam.

  Also, with conventional roasting equipment, if a large amount of dry debris such as chaff adheres to the exhaust passage due to neglecting maintenance of the exhaust passage specified in the equipment manufacturer's manual, for example, the attached waste will ignite for some reason. When it did, there was a possibility that it might spread to the whole exhaust passage. On the other hand, according to said structure, since the dust adhering to an exhaust path can be reduced significantly, generation | occurrence | production of a fire or a fire spread at the time of a fire can be prevented.

  The roasting chamber includes a hollow outer wall portion and a hollow rotating drum housed in the outer wall portion, and the rotating drum is supplied from the superheated steam generator into the rotating drum. A plurality of holes for introducing the superheated steam, and using the superheated steam introduced into the rotating drum through the holes, the roasting object to be roasted in the rotating drum is roasted It is good also as a structure.

  Alternatively, the roasting chamber penetrates the rotary drum for transmitting a rotational driving force to the rotary drum, and a hollow drum having a hollow structure housed in the outer wall. Provided with a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft has a hollow structure, and has a plurality of holes in a region disposed in the rotating drum for electrically connecting the inside and the outside of the rotating shaft. The superheated steam supplied from the superheated steam generator is introduced into the rotating drum through the rotating shaft and the hole provided in the rotating shaft, and the introduced superheated steam is used to enter the rotating drum. The roasting object thrown in can be configured to roast.

  According to any one of the above configurations, the superheated steam can be appropriately introduced into the rotating drum, and the roasting process can be performed using this superheated steam.

  The roasting chamber includes a cylindrical outer wall portion, a cylindrical rotating drum accommodated in the outer wall portion, and the rotating drum for transmitting a rotational driving force to the rotating drum. A rotating shaft provided to rotate about a center line connecting the centers of both bottom surfaces, and the rotating drum is installed such that a cylindrical side peripheral surface faces vertically downward, and the cylindrical shape A plurality of first blades arranged along an inner peripheral surface of the first blade and one or more second blades provided closer to the center line than the first blade, wherein the plurality of first blades are When viewed from the direction perpendicular to the center line, the angle formed between each first blade and the center line is not less than 130 degrees and not more than 140 degrees, respectively, and the clockwise direction from one bottom surface of the rotating drum toward the other bottom surface Line up to twist around The second blade has an angle formed between each of the second blades and the center line when at least a part of the plurality of first blades is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the center line. It may be a fixed configuration so as to be not less than 30 degrees and not more than 30 degrees. The rotating shaft may be provided so as to rotate the rotating drum about a center line connecting the centers of both bottom surfaces, for example, may be provided so as to penetrate the centers of both bottom surfaces, or You may provide so that it may protrude outside along the centerline of a rotating drum from the center of both bottom surfaces.

  Superheated steam is superior in heat transfer characteristics to a roasting object than a heat source provided in a conventional roasting apparatus such as gas or charcoal fire. While this brings about effects such as shortening roasting time and energy consumption required for roasting, it causes a problem that roasting unevenness is likely to occur unless the object to be roasted is efficiently stirred. . On the other hand, according to said structure, since the roasting process can be performed, stirring the roasting object thrown into the roasting chamber efficiently, roasting unevenness can be reduced. In addition, since the roasting process can be performed efficiently, the amount of superheated steam necessary for roasting can be reduced. That is, the amount of roastable objects that can be roasted per supply flow rate of superheated steam can be increased. In addition, the roasting time can be shortened and the running cost for the roasting process can be reduced.

  In addition, the second blade may be configured such that the height in the direction from the side peripheral surface of the rotating drum toward the center line direction becomes higher as it goes from the one bottom surface side to the other bottom surface side of the rotating drum. .

  According to said structure, it exists in the tendency for the roasting object in a roasting chamber to approach the said other bottom face side as a whole. Therefore, as in the above configuration, the height of the second blade is increased from the one bottom surface side to the other bottom surface side of the rotating drum, so that the roasting object can be made more efficient. Can be stirred.

  Further, the first blade has a cross section perpendicular to the center line of the rotating drum, and a tip portion of the first blade is a straight line connecting the contact portion of the first blade with the rotating drum and the center line. Alternatively, it may be arranged on the rotational direction side of the rotary drum.

  According to said structure, the roasting object located in the lower layer in a rotating drum can be scooped up by a 1st blade | wing, and it can convey to an upper layer. Therefore, the roasting object can be stirred more efficiently. Thereby, roasting nonuniformity can be reduced more effectively. Moreover, the amount of superheated steam required for roasting can be reduced.

  In addition, the first blade may be configured to be curved or bent so as to protrude toward the opposite side of the rotation direction of the rotary drum in a cross section perpendicular to the center line of the rotary drum.

  According to said structure, since the roasting target object located in the lower layer in a rotating drum can be scooped up and conveyed to an upper layer with a 1st blade | wing, a roasting target object can be stirred more efficiently. Thereby, while reducing roasting unevenness more effectively, the amount of superheated steam required for roasting can be reduced.

  Moreover, it is good also as a structure by which the discharge door for discharging | emitting the roasting object in this rotating drum is provided in the said other bottom face in the said rotating drum.

  According to said structure, the to-be-roasted object in a roasting chamber can tend to approach the said other bottom face side entirely. Therefore, by providing a discharge door on the other bottom surface, the roasting object after roasting can be efficiently discharged.

  Further, the height of the first blade in the direction from the side peripheral surface of the rotary drum toward the rotational axis is 1 of the height of the second blade in the direction from the side peripheral surface of the rotary drum toward the rotational axis. It is good also as a 2 times or more. Thereby, stirring of a roasting object can be performed more effectively and stirring unevenness can be reduced.

  Further, the rotation driving means for generating the rotation driving force supplied to the rotating drum may have a variable rotation speed.

  According to said structure, by changing the rotational speed of a rotating drum during a roasting process, stirring of a roasting object can be performed more efficiently and roasting nonuniformity can be reduced.

  Further, a smoke eliminator for extinguishing smoke discharged from the roasting chamber and a part of the superheated steam output from the superheated steam generator without passing through the roasting chamber The smoke eliminator may be configured to extinguish smoke using superheated steam supplied by the bypass means. In this case, the smoke eliminating process may be performed using only the superheated steam, or the smoke eliminating process may be performed using both the superheated steam and another heat source. Moreover, the smoke-extinguishing equipment does not need to be able to completely eliminate smoke, and may be any equipment that can reduce the emitted smoke.

  According to said structure, a part of superheated steam output from a superheated steam generator can be utilized for the smoke removal process in a smoke removal equipment. Thereby, the energy consumption of smoke suppression equipment can be reduced.

  Further, the apparatus includes a smoke eliminator for extinguishing smoke discharged from the roasting chamber, and a second superheated steam generator for supplying superheated steam to the smoke eliminator, It is good also as a structure which extinguishes smoke using the superheated steam supplied by the 2nd superheated steam generator. According to said structure, the smoke discharged | emitted from a roasting chamber can be extinguished effectively.

  In the roasting method of the present invention, the roasting chamber includes a hollow outer wall part, a hollow rotary drum housed in the outer wall part, and a roasting object fixed to the inner surface of the rotary drum. The rotation speed of the rotating drum may be changed during a roasting process in which a roasting object is provided with blades for stirring the object and the roasting object put into the rotating drum is roasted with superheated steam.

  According to the roasting method described above, since the roasting process can be performed while efficiently stirring the roasting object in the rotating drum, roasting unevenness can be reduced. In addition, since the roasting process can be performed efficiently, the amount of superheated steam necessary for roasting can be reduced. That is, the amount of roastable objects that can be roasted per supply flow rate of superheated steam can be increased. In addition, the roasting time can be shortened and the running cost for the roasting process can be reduced.

  The smoke eliminator of the present invention is a smoke eliminator for smoking smoke, and is characterized in that the smoke evacuation treatment is performed by bringing the superheated steam into contact with the smoke. Moreover, the smoke eliminating method of the present invention is a smoke eliminating method for eliminating smoke, and is characterized by performing smoke eliminating treatment by bringing smoke into contact with superheated steam.

  According to the smoke evacuation apparatus and the smoke evacuation method described above, the smoke is brought into contact with the superheated steam so that the fine particles of the smoke are decomposed by the heat of the superheated steam or the fine smoke particles are adsorbed when the superheated steam is condensed. By this, the smoke in the gas can be extinguished.

  Further, according to the above-described smoke eliminator and smoke evacuation method, it is not necessary to burn the fuel, compared with the smoke eliminator and smoke erasing method that extinguishes smoke with a conventional flame, thereby reducing fuel consumption. In addition, the amount of carbon dioxide emission can be suppressed, the amount of harmful substance emission can be reduced, the exhaust temperature can be lowered, noise can be prevented, and the smoke eliminator can be downsized.

  In addition to the above configuration, the smoke eliminator of the present invention may be configured to include an injection unit that injects superheated steam into the smoke. According to said structure, smoke and superheated steam can be made to contact efficiently by injecting superheated steam to smoke by an injection means, and smoke suppression efficiency can be improved.

  As described above, the roasting apparatus of the present invention has a capacity smaller than that of the roasting chamber, and superheated steam of 200 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower is applied to the roasting chamber at 50 kg / h or higher and 300 kg / h or lower. The superheated steam generator which supplies continuously with the flow volume of is provided.

  The roasting method of the present invention has a capacity smaller than that of the roasting chamber, and superheated steam of 200 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower is supplied to the roasting chamber at a flow rate of 50 kg / h or higher and 300 kg / h or lower. A continuous roasting process is performed.

  Therefore, since the roasting process can be performed using a continuously supplied high temperature and large amount of superheated steam, the amount of roasting objects that can be roasted by one roasting process can be increased. Further, since the amount of smoke exhausted from the roasting device, the roasting odor, and the like can be reduced, maintenance such as cleaning of the roasting room or smoke exhausting equipment can be simplified and the maintenance cycle can be extended. Moreover, the generation amount of carbon dioxide, dioxin, etc. can be suppressed as compared with the roasting apparatus using combustion gas such as gas or petroleum. Moreover, since the said superheated steam generator can generate a superheated steam efficiently, it can suppress that the installation space of a roasting apparatus increases.

  The smoke eliminating apparatus and the smoke eliminating method of the present invention perform smoke eliminating treatment by bringing smoke into contact with superheated steam. Therefore, smoke in the gas can be extinguished. In addition, compared to conventional smoke extinguishing devices and methods that eliminate smoke with a flame, there is no need to burn fuel, reducing fuel consumption, reducing carbon dioxide emissions, and reducing harmful substances. The amount of discharge can be reduced, the exhaust temperature can be lowered, noise can be prevented, and the smoke eliminator can be downsized.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a roasting apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment. As shown in this figure, the roasting apparatus 100 according to this embodiment includes a steam generator 200, a superheated steam generator 300, a roaster 400, and an exhaust cyclone 500.

  The steam generator 200 heats water supplied from the outside, generates saturated steam (saturated steam), and supplies it to the superheated steam generator 300. As the steam generator 200, for example, a conventionally known boiler can be used.

  The superheated steam generator 300 further heats the saturated steam supplied from the steam generator 200 to generate superheated steam (superheated steam) and supplies it to the roasting machine 400. This superheated steam generator 300 applies the IH electromagnetic induction principle (IH superheat system using high frequency current by an inverter), and the size of the tank that generates superheated steam is 120 mm in outer diameter and 250 mm in length. Although it is a simple shape, 50 kg / h to 200 kg / h of superheated steam having a temperature of 200 ° C. to 600 ° C. and a pressure of 0.05 MPa to 0.2 MPa can be generated. The details of the superheated steam generator 300 will be described later.

The roasting machine 400 roasts input coffee beans (roasting object) using superheated steam supplied from the superheated steam generator 300. As will be described in detail later, the roasting machine 400 includes a roasting chamber with a semi-hermetic rotating drum built therein, and superheated steam supplied from the superheated steam generator 300 is injected into the roasting chamber. Thus, the coffee beans charged into the rotating drum (batch supply) are brought into contact with superheated steam. The capacity of the rotating drum is 0.02 m ³ , and the roasting apparatus 100 can roast 5 kg of coffee beans at a time. That is, the capacity of the tank (superheated tank) provided in the superheated steam generator 300 is smaller than the capacity of the rotating drum.

  The exhaust cyclone 500 swirls the exhaust from the roasting machine 400 and separates dust such as chaff, condensed water, and exhaust by centrifugal force and gravity.

(1. Configuration of superheated steam generator 300)
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the superheated steam generator 300. As shown in this figure, the superheated steam generator 300 includes a tank 1 of a superheated steam generator that allows the steam supplied from the steam supply pipe 3 to pass to the superheated steam discharge pipe 5, and a metal provided in the tank 1. A plate (magnetic member) 11, a magnetic sphere (magnetic member) 13, and a high-frequency coil 21 arranged so as to wind around the tank 1 are provided.

  The tank 1 has a steam supply pipe 3 connected to one end of a cylindrical body (outer wall) 2 made of a metal such as stainless steel 403 (SUS403) or 430 (SUS430) via a heat-resistant packing 7 and fixed by a flange 4. The superheated steam discharge pipe 5 is connected to the other end of the cylindrical body 2 via a heat-resistant packing 7 and is fixed by a flange 6. As the heat resistant packing 7, for example, a heat resistant rubber packing or a metal packing can be used. The cylinder 2 of the tank 1 has an outer diameter of 120 mm and a length of 250 mm. However, the size of the tank 1 is not limited to this, and may be changed as appropriate.

  2, saturated steam from the steam generator 200 is supplied to the steam supply pipe 3, and superheated steam generated in the superheated steam generator 300 is transferred from the superheated steam discharge pipe 5 to the roasting machine 400. It comes to be supplied. That is, the tip of the superheated steam discharge pipe 5 is provided so as to face the roasting machine 400 so that the temperature of the superheated steam does not decrease. In addition, the piping provided between the steam generator 200 and the superheated steam generator 300 and between the superheated steam generator 300 and the roasting machine 400 suppresses a decrease in the temperature of the steam and superheated steam in the pipe. In order to do so, heat insulation treatment may be performed as necessary.

  Inside the tank 1, metal plates 11 and 11 made of metal such as stainless steel 403 (SUS403) or 430 (SUS430) having both surfaces formed in a concave spherical shape are disposed with a gap therebetween. It is fixed to a shaft body 14 positioned coaxially with the central axis of the cylindrical body 2. The metal plate 11 has a large number of through holes 12, 12. The metal plate 11 and the cylindrical body 2 are preferably formed integrally by a method such as joining by welding. Thereby, since both the cylinder 2 and the metal plate 11 can be induction-heated, a superheated steam generator with higher thermal efficiency can be obtained.

  Further, a large number of spheres 13 and 13 made of the same metal are interposed between the metal plates 11 and 11, and the metal plates 11 and 11 are fixed to the shaft body 14 with the metal plates 11 and 11 being sandwiched therebetween. Therefore, in the tank 1, a space through which steam passes is secured by the through hole 12 of the metal plate and the space between the spheres 13 and 13. Note that the sphere 13 is not necessarily provided, and may be omitted, for example, when it is necessary to reduce the pressure loss of the tank 1.

  Moreover, in the superheated steam generator 300, the cylinder 2, the metal plate 11, the sphere 13 and the shaft 14 are all made of metal, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a cylindrical body 2 made of ceramic may be used.

  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the metal plate 11. As shown in this figure, the through-hole 12 drilled in the metal plate 11 has both end opening edges 16 and 16 formed in a tapered shape. In addition, the spheres 13 and 13 are mixed and filled with different diameters.

  Thereby, harmony with ensuring of the contact area with a vapor | steam and ensuring of the space | gap to pass can be aimed at.

  A heat insulating wall 8 made of ceramic is provided along the outer periphery of the cylindrical body 2 on the outer side of the cylindrical body 2, and a movable wheel 22 is disposed on the outer side of the cylindrical body 2. It can be made to advance and retract along the outer wall of the cylindrical body 2. A cylindrical body 25 is arranged inside the movable wheel 22 with a gap between the movable wall 22 and the coil 21 connected to an AC power source.

  Thereby, when the high frequency AC power supply is turned on, Joule heat can be generated in the tank 1 by the magnetic lines generated by the coil 21.

  In addition, the high frequency of this high frequency alternating current power supply means the frequency higher than the frequency 50-60Hz of a household power supply, for example, 250Hz-60,000Hz in consideration of the influence on a nearby radio interference etc. It is applicable in a wide range.

  The heat insulating wall 8 is made of ceramic and functions to protect the coil 21 from heat. That is, when the coil is fixed, the same portion is always heated. However, in the superheated steam generator 300, the heat generating portion can be moved by constantly moving the vehicle 22 in the tank. A wide area can be heated. Further, by moving the vehicle 22, the temperature of the metal plate (magnetic plate) 11 and the sphere (magnetic sphere) 13 in the tank 1 is adjusted so as not to exceed the Curie point (temperature at which ferromagnetism becomes weak magnetism). can do.

  In the present embodiment, ceramic is used as the heat insulating wall 8 of the cylindrical body 2, but glass fiber or other heat resistant heat insulating material may be used.

  A temperature sensor (not shown) is fixed in the tank 1, and a temperature detection result of the temperature sensor is displayed on a temperature display unit (not shown). The operator can manually operate the high-frequency current switch in accordance with the temperature detection result to control the temperature rise and fall. As a result, the temperature can be slowly raised and lowered while maintaining a high-frequency output without causing a rapid temperature rise, and temperature control with higher accuracy than before can be performed.

  Further, in the superheated steam generator 300, the fan 24 is attached to the movable vehicle 22 so that the inside of the movable vehicle 22 can be radiated appropriately, and further, between the heat insulating wall 8 on one end side of the movable vehicle 22. A gap (vent hole 26) is provided. Accordingly, the coil 21 can be cooled by moving the air flowing from the vent hole 26 (see the arrow).

  The number of fans 24 may be increased or decreased as appropriate in consideration of the heat generation state of the coil 21 itself. The means for radiating heat from the coil 21 is not limited to the air cooling type as described above, and for example, a water cooling type may be adopted.

  In the superheated steam generator 300, when the saturated steam of 200 kg / h is supplied from the steam supply pipe 3 side at the output (supply power) of 20 kW by the above-described configuration, Could be continuously discharged from the superheated steam discharge pipe 5 side. Moreover, when the supplied electric power and the amount of saturated steam were changed, 50 kg / h to 300 kg / h of superheated steam having a temperature of 200 ° C. to 600 ° C. and a pressure of 0.05 MPa to 0.2 MPa could be generated.

  In the present embodiment, the superheated steam generator 100 including a tank having an outer diameter of 120 mm and a length of 250 mm is used. However, the configuration of the superheated steam generator 100 is not limited to this. For example, the size of the tank may be larger than this. Further, the power supply is not limited to 20 kW, and may be changed as appropriate. By changing the size of the tank or changing the power supply, for example, 50 kg / h to 300 kg / h of superheated steam having a temperature of 200 ° C. to 600 ° C. and a pressure of 0.05 MPa to 0.2 MPa can be generated. it can.

  Further, the maximum temperature of the steam depends on the heat resistance temperature of the heating element, and thus the above temperature is not a limit value. In the superheated steam generator 300, when the heating element is replaced with a heat resistant one, it is possible to continuously generate higher temperature and pressure superheated steam than this.

  Further, as in the present embodiment, when the metal plate (magnetic plate 11) serving as the partition in the cylinder is made of metal, the plate material is passed through the shaft body to sandwich the granular material, and the shaft body is in that state. If the structure fixed to is employ | adopted, a board | plate material and a granular material can be integrated, and the operation | work which arrange | positions in a tank will become easy.

  In addition, since the magnetic member which consists of a magnetic plate and a magnetic granular material can be integrated also by employ | adopting the structure filled with the magnetic granular material in the magnetic net-like case, the same ease can be obtained.

(2. Configuration of roasting machine 400)
Next, the configuration of the roasting machine 400 will be described. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing the configuration of the roasting machine 400.

  As shown in this figure, the roasting machine 400 includes a raw material hopper 401, a main body 403 having a roasting chamber (drum) 402, a cooling box 404, an exhaust unit 405, and the like.

  The raw material hopper 401 is used to input coffee beans as raw materials, and the coffee beans input from the raw material hopper 401 are input to the roasting chamber 402. Note that a front door (right side in the drawing) of the roasting chamber 402 has a charging door for blocking coffee beans from being put into the roasting chamber and a discharge door for discharging coffee beans after roasting. (Both not shown) are provided.

  The roasting chamber 402 is for roasting coffee beans introduced from the raw material hopper 401 with superheated steam supplied from the superheated steam generator 300. Details of the roasting chamber 402 will be described later.

  The cooling box 404 is for receiving coffee beans after roasting discharged from the roasting chamber 402. The cooling box 404 is provided with a stirring means and a cooling fan (not shown). The coffee beans discharged to the cooling box 404 are stirred by the stirring means and the convection heat transfer to the atmosphere is promoted by the cooling fan. The coffee beans can be cooled efficiently.

  The exhaust unit 405 sucks the gas in the roasting chamber 402 and the exhaust damper that adjusts the opening degree (opening area) of the exhaust port for discharging the gas (superheated steam or air) in the roasting chamber 402. And an exhaust fan for exhausting air from the exhaust port (both not shown). The opening degree of the exhaust damper and the rotation speed of the exhaust fan (the number of rotations per unit time) are variable. By adjusting these, the flow rate of the superheated steam discharged from the roasting chamber 402 is adjusted. While maintaining the temperature and pressure in the roasting chamber 402 appropriately, the atmosphere in the roasting chamber 402 is only superheated steam (or a state close thereto), and the roasting chamber 402 is in an oxygen-free state (or a low oxygen state). It can be kept. In addition, it is preferable to suck | inhale the gas in a roasting chamber by the said exhaust fan and / or an exhaust cyclone, and to make a negative pressure lower than atmospheric pressure in a roasting chamber. Thereby, the pressure of the superheated steam thrown into the roasting chamber can be lowered. Therefore, the pressure of the superheated steam discharged from the superheated steam generator 300 can be lowered (the pressure of the superheated steam discharged from the superheated steam generator 300 only needs to be higher than the pressure in the roasting chamber. The pressure of the superheated steam supplied from the superheated steam generator 300 to the roasting machine 400 is further increased. Can do. In addition, since it is not necessary to provide a pressurizing means for increasing the pressure of the steam, the apparatus configuration can be simplified.

  FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the configuration of the roasting chamber 402. As shown in this figure, the roasting chamber 402 includes a cylindrical outer wall portion 412, a cylindrical rotating drum 413 disposed along the inner surface of the outer wall portion 412, and the outer wall portion 412 and the rotating drum 413. And a rotating shaft 414 provided to rotate the rotating drum 413 along a center line (a straight line passing through the centers of both bottom surfaces (front and rear surfaces)).

  The rotating shaft 414 is rotationally driven by driving means (not shown) such as a motor. The rotating shaft 414 may be anything that rotates the rotating drum 413 along the center line. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the rotating shaft 414 may be provided so as to protrude outward from both bottom surfaces of the rotating drum 413. It may be provided so as to penetrate the rotating drum 413.

  Note that the above-described driving means can change the rotation speed (the rotation speed of the rotation shaft 414) by, for example, a manual operation by an operator. Alternatively, a rotation control means for controlling the rotation speed of the drive means may be provided, and this rotation control means may change the rotation speed of the drive means at regular time intervals or continuously. The rotating drum 413 is fixed to the rotating shaft 414 and rotates integrally with the rotating shaft 414. In addition, the broken line in FIG. 5 has shown the flow of the superheated steam.

The capacity of the rotating drum 413 is 0.02 m ³ and can roast 5 kg of coffee beans at a time.

  Further, the superheated steam from the superheated steam generator 300 is supplied to the roasting chamber 402 via the steam pipe 411.

  Specifically, the steam pipe 411 is connected to an opening provided at the lower portion of the outer wall portion 412, and superheated steam supplied via the steam pipe 411 is introduced into the outer wall portion 412 from this opening portion. The The outer wall 412 has a sealed structure (semi-sealed structure) except for the opening for introducing superheated steam and the discharge port for discharging the gas in the roasting chamber 402 to the exhaust cyclone 500. .

  A rotating drum (body) 413 disposed along the inner surface of the outer wall portion 412 is composed of a punching plate having a large number of holes for introducing superheated steam into the drum, and is supplied from a steam pipe 411. The superheated steam is supplied into the rotary drum 413 through the punching plate.

  The numerous holes are provided over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction of the side surface of the rotary drum 413, and are also provided on both bottom surfaces. For this reason, the superheated steam supplied from the steam pipe 411 connected to the lower part of the outer wall portion 412 is introduced into the rotary drum 413 from the entire (full surface) of the rotary drum 413. In addition, it is preferable that the large number of holes have such a size that the raw material (coffee beans) 415 put into the roasting chamber 402 does not pass or get caught.

  The configuration of the rotating drum 413 is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, only the rear side (left side in the figure) bottom surface of the rotating drum 413 may be a punching plate (a hole may be provided only on the rear side bottom surface). In this case, superheated steam is supplied from the bottom on the rear side. Further, both bottom surfaces (front side and rear side bottom surfaces) may be punched plates, and only the side surfaces may be punched plates.

  Further, the configuration of the rotating drum 413 is not limited to a configuration in which a part or all of the rotating drum 413 is a punching plate. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the rotary drum 413 has a sealed structure except for the exhaust port, and the rotary shaft 414 has a hollow structure that penetrates the center of both bottom surfaces. A steam injection port may be provided in the inside (inside the rotating drum 413), and superheated steam may be supplied into the roasting chamber 402 via the rotating shaft 414. In this case, a part or all of the rotating drum 413 may be configured by a punching plate, and superheated steam may be supplied from both the steam injection port provided on the rotating shaft 414 and the punching plate portion of the rotating drum 413. .

  Further, a steam shaft (steam supply shaft) for supplying superheated steam to the rotating drum 413 may be provided in addition to the rotating shaft 414 that supplies the rotational driving force to the rotating drum 413. For example, as shown in FIG. 21A, a hollow steam shaft 416 passing through the center of one bottom surface of the rotating drum 413 is provided, and a portion of the steam shaft 416 in the roasting chamber 402 (in the rotating drum 413). A steam injection port may be provided, and superheated steam may be supplied into the roasting chamber 402 via the steam shaft 416. In this case, the steam shaft 416 is not necessarily rotated together with the rotating shaft 414, and may be fixed to a fixing member provided in the roasting machine 400.

  Note that the coffee beans in the rotating drum 413 tend to be biased toward the rotating direction rather than downward in the vertical direction as the rotating drum 413 rotates. Therefore, in the case where the steam shaft 416 is not rotated, as shown in FIG. 21B, the superheated steam discharge direction (the direction of the steam injection port) is set to the rotation direction side of the rotary drum 413 rather than downward in the vertical direction. It may be inclined. Thereby, superheated steam can be more efficiently injected with respect to the coffee beans in the rotating drum 413. In addition, the direction in which superheated steam is injected may not be one direction. For example, as shown in FIG. 21 (c), the injection direction has a fan shape when viewed in a cross section perpendicular to the center line of the rotating drum 413. As a whole, each steam injection port may be provided so that the amount of superheated steam injected to the rotational direction side rather than downward in the vertical direction is larger than the amount of superheated steam injected to the opposite side of the rotational direction from downward in the vertical direction. Good.

  The steam shaft 416 is not necessarily cylindrical, and the cross section may be rectangular, elliptical, polygonal, or the like. Further, the shape may not necessarily be along the center line of the rotating drum 413, may be a curved or bent shape, and the tip may be branched.

  On the inner peripheral surface of the rotating drum 413, blades for stirring the coffee beans put into the roasting chamber 402 are provided. FIG. 8A is a perspective view of the rotating drum 413, FIG. 8B is an explanatory view schematically showing the shape of blades provided in the rotating drum 413, and FIG. 8C is FIG. It is explanatory drawing which showed arrangement | positioning of the blade | wing when the rotating drum 413 shown to (b) is seen from A direction.

  As shown in these drawings, the rotary drum 413 includes a first blade 421 provided along an inner peripheral surface thereof, and a second blade provided on the center line side of the rotary drum 413 with respect to the first blade 421. A blade 422 is provided.

  The first blade 421 is a set of a plurality of first blades 421 arranged so as to be twisted in a clockwise direction when viewed from the rear side of the rotating drum 413 (left side in FIG. 8B). A plurality of sets are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating drum 413. Further, as shown in FIG. 8B, each first blade 421 is formed between each first blade 421 and the center line of the rotating drum 413 when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the center line of the rotating drum 413. The angle is set to 135 degrees. The angle formed between each first blade 421 and the center line of the rotating drum 413 is not necessarily strictly 135 degrees, but in order to efficiently stir coffee beans, the angle is 130 degrees or more and 140 degrees or less. Preferably there is. Further, each first blade 421 is fixed to the rotating drum 413 by welding or the like.

  The second blade 422 is fixed to the position of the first blade 421 on the center line side of the rotating drum 413 by, for example, welding. The number of the second blades 422 is not particularly limited, but for example, the same number as the number of the first blades 421 is provided. Further, as shown in FIG. 8B, each second blade 422 is formed by each second blade 422 and the center line of the rotary drum 413 when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the center line of the rotary drum 413. They are arranged so that the angle is 25 degrees. Note that the angle formed between each second blade 422 and the center line of the rotating drum 413 is not necessarily exactly 25 degrees, but in order to efficiently stir coffee beans, the angle is between 20 degrees and 30 degrees. Preferably there is.

  By arranging the first blade 421 and the second blade 422 as described above, the coffee beans in the roasting chamber 402 can be efficiently stirred. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8B, the rotating drum 413 is rotated clockwise as viewed from the direction A in the figure by the rotating shaft 414, whereby the outer layer of the roasting chamber 402 is formed by the first blade 421. The coffee beans located on the side (bottom side; rotating drum 413 side) are fed forward (right side in FIG. 8B), and the coffee beans located on the inner layer side (upper side; rotating shaft 414 side) It is sent backward by two blades 422. Further, the coffee beans located on the outer layer side of the roasting chamber 402 are moved to the inner layer side, and the coffee beans located on the inner layer side are stirred so as to move to the outer layer side.

  Note that the superheated steam has better heat transfer characteristics for the roasting object than the heat source provided in the conventional roasting apparatus such as gas or charcoal fire. This brings about effects such as shortening the roasting time and reducing the energy consumption required for roasting. On the other hand, if the object to be roasted is not efficiently stirred, roasting unevenness is likely to occur. Therefore, in a roasting apparatus using superheated steam, it is necessary to stir coffee beans particularly efficiently in order to reduce roasting unevenness.

  In the roasting apparatus 100, the roasting chamber 402 is provided with the first blade 421 and the second blade 422 as described above, so that the roasting chamber 402 is charged into the roasting chamber 402 despite the fact that roasting is performed using superheated steam. Since roasting can be performed while efficiently stirring the coffee beans, roasting unevenness can be reduced. In addition, since the roasting process can be performed efficiently, the amount of superheated steam necessary for roasting can be reduced. In addition, the roasting time can be shortened and the running cost can be reduced.

  Moreover, according to said structure, the coffee beans in the roasting chamber 402 can be moved ahead entirely. That is, the coffee beans can be efficiently stirred so as to move sequentially from the outer layer side to the inner layer side, and the entire coffee beans can tend to move forward. Therefore, the roasted coffee beans can be efficiently discharged from the discharge door to the cooling box 404 arranged in front of the roasting chamber 402 as shown in FIG.

  In addition, since the coffee beans tend to move forward as described above, the height of the second blade 422 (the length in the direction from the rotating drum 413 toward the rotating shaft 414 is used as shown in FIG. 9. ) Is preferably higher toward the front. Thereby, coffee beans can be stirred more efficiently.

  The height of the first blade 421 (the length in the direction from the side surface of the rotating drum 413 toward the center line) is preferably 1 to 2 times that of the second blade 422, and is 1.5 times. It is more preferable. Thereby, the stirring nonuniformity of coffee beans can be reduced more suitably.

  Moreover, it is preferable to change the rotational speed of the rotating shaft 414 during a roasting process. Thereby, stirring can be performed more efficiently and roasting unevenness can be reduced.

  In the example shown in FIG. 8A, when the cross section perpendicular to the center line of the rotating drum 413 is viewed, the first blade 421 moves from the inner peripheral surface of the rotating drum 413 toward the center line of the rotating drum 413. It is almost linear. However, the shape of the first blade 421 is not limited to this.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 10A, the tip of the first blade 421 rotates more than the straight line connecting the contact portion of the first blade 421 with the rotating drum 413 and the center line of the rotating drum 413. The shape may have a bent cross section so as to be positioned on the rotation direction side of the drum 413. In this case, for example, the length from the bent portion to the tip portion is preferably set to about ½ times the length (height) h from the contact portion with the rotating drum 413 to the bent portion. Thereby, the coffee beans 415 located in the lower layer in the rotary drum 413 are scooped up by the first blade 421 and conveyed to the upper layer. Therefore, the coffee beans 415 can be stirred more efficiently, and roasting unevenness can be reduced. Moreover, the amount of superheated steam required for roasting can be reduced.

  In the example of FIG. 10A, the first blade 421 has a portion extending in a direction from the contact portion with the rotating drum 413 toward the center line of the rotating drum 413, and a direction substantially perpendicular to this direction. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the first blade 421 may have a shape extending from the contact portion with the rotary drum 413 toward the rotation direction of the rotary drum 413 rather than the direction toward the center line of the rotary drum 413. In this case, as shown in FIG. 10B, the tip may be bent toward the rotation direction of the rotary drum 413. Further, as shown in FIG. 10C, the first blade 421 has a tip portion that rotates more than a straight line connecting the contact portion of the first blade 421 with the rotating drum 413 and the center line of the rotating drum 413. The shape may have a curved cross section so as to be positioned on the rotation direction side of the drum 413. By setting the shape of the first blade 421 to any one of the above shapes, it is possible to achieve substantially the same effect as in FIG.

  In the example of FIGS. 10A to 10C, the tip of the first blade 421 connects the contact portion between the first blade 421 and the rotating drum 413 and the center line of the rotating drum 413. Although it is located on the rotational direction side of the rotating drum 413 with respect to the straight line, the shape of the first blade 421 is not necessarily limited to this. For example, the tip of the first blade 421 is on a straight line connecting the contact portion of the first blade 421 with the rotating drum 413 and the center line of the rotating drum 413 (or slightly in the rotational direction of the rotating drum 413 from this straight line). 11 (a) and 11 (b), the first blade 421 is bent so that the cross section of the first blade 421 is convex on the opposite side of the rotation direction of the rotating drum 413. Or by setting it as the curved shape, a coffee bean can be stirred efficiently like the structure of Fig.10 (a).

(3. Roasting process)
Next, the flow of the roasting process in the roasting apparatus 100 will be described with reference to FIG.

  First, driving of the rotating drum (rotating cylinder) 413 and the exhaust fan is started (S1), the steam generator 200 is activated to generate saturated steam, and supply of the saturated steam to the superheated steam generator 300 is started. (S2). Thereafter, a high-frequency current is supplied from a current source (not shown) to the superheated steam generator 300 to generate superheated steam, and supply of the superheated steam to the roasting machine 400 is started (S3).

  Thereafter, the operator determines whether the temperature in the roasting chamber 402 has reached a preset roasting start temperature (for example, 200 ° C.) based on the detection result of the temperature sensor provided in the roasting chamber 402. (S4). When the roasting start temperature has not been reached, it is monitored that the temperature in the roasting chamber 402 has reached the roasting start temperature.

  When it is determined in S4 that the temperature in the roasting chamber 402 has reached the roasting start temperature, the operator throws coffee beans into the raw material hopper 401 (S5). Further, the operator opens a charging door provided in the roasting chamber 402 and inputs a predetermined amount (for example, 5 kg) of coffee beans from the raw material hopper 401 into the roasting chamber 402 (S6). Thereby, the roasting process of coffee beans is started. In general, as a roasting process for coffee beans, a steaming process (drying process of coffee beans; preliminary roasting process) of about 3 minutes to 7 minutes, followed by a main roasting of about 5 minutes to 10 minutes. Process. In this embodiment, the steaming process and the main roasting process are continuously performed under the same conditions. However, the temperature condition and the pressure condition are changed between the steaming process and the main roasting process. May be. Further, during the roasting process, the rotation speed of the rotary drum 413 may be changed every predetermined time (or continuously). Thereby, coffee beans can be efficiently stirred and roasting unevenness can be reduced.

  Further, the operator adjusts each part of the roasting apparatus 100 so as to keep the temperature in the roasting chamber 402 in a predetermined temperature range and an oxygen-free state during the roasting process (S7). For example, the amount of saturated steam supplied from the steam generator 200 to the superheated steam generator 300 is controlled, the driving power supplied to the superheated steam generator 300, the amount of superheated steam supplied to the roaster 400, the temperature, etc. The temperature in the roasting chamber 402 is maintained within a predetermined temperature range and in an oxygen-free state by controlling, opening degree of the exhaust damper, or controlling the rotational speed of the exhaust fan. In addition, as mentioned above, it is preferable to make the inside of the roasting chamber 402 have a negative pressure.

  Thereafter, the operator determines whether or not to end the roasting process for the coffee beans put in the roasting chamber 402 (S8). This determination is made by the operator based on the color of the coffee bean surface, for example. Or you may judge based on other judgment criteria, such as the elapsed time after supplying coffee beans (after starting a roasting process).

  If it is determined in S8 that the roasting process is to be continued without ending, the process of S7 is continued and the operation of each part is controlled so that the temperature in the roasting chamber 402 is maintained within a predetermined temperature range and in an oxygen-free state. .

  On the other hand, when it is determined in S8 that the roasting process is finished, the operator opens the discharge door provided in the roasting chamber 402 and discharges the roasted coffee beans to the cooling box 404 (S9). Then, it is determined whether or not the coffee beans are continuously roasted, that is, whether or not the coffee beans to be roasted next are put into the roasting chamber 402 (S10). And when continuing roasting, the process after S6 is performed about the coffee bean which performs a roasting process next. On the other hand, when coffee beans are not roasted any more, the supply of superheated steam to the roasting machine 400 is stopped (S11), and the roasting process is terminated.

(4. Example)
Next, a conventional steam roasting apparatus (Fuji Tsuki Machine Sales Co., Ltd.) using a gas burner is used only in the roasting process by the roasting apparatus 100 according to this embodiment and the steaming process of superheated steam. The result of comparison with the roasting process by (made)) will be described.

  Table 1 is a table comparing the roasting process performed by the roasting apparatus 100 and the roasting process performed by the conventional roasting apparatus. In addition, the shortening effect of the roasting time described in Table 1 shows the shortening effect with respect to the roasting time when using the roasting apparatus that performs all the roasting steps using a gas burner. In addition, the amount of coffee beans to be roasted in each roasting device is 5 kg, and the timing of finishing roasting is determined by visually observing the color of the coffee bean surface to a predetermined color (the same color as a predetermined sample). It was time to become.

  As shown in this table, in the conventional steam roasting apparatus, only 1.2 kg / h of superheated steam at 100 ° C. to 160 ° C. could be generated. For this reason, in the said conventional steam roasting apparatus, superheated steam was able to be used only in the steaming process. Moreover, the roasting time in the conventional roasting apparatus was equivalent to that of the roasting apparatus using a gas burner as a heat source.

  On the other hand, the roasting apparatus 100 can generate 50 kg / h to 300 kg / h of superheated steam at 200 ° C. to 600 ° C. Therefore, all the roasting processes using only the superheated steam as a heat source (steaming process and main roasting) Roasting step). In addition, by using superheated steam as a heat source in all steps of the roasting process, the roasting time could be shortened by 1 to 4 minutes compared to a roasting apparatus using a gas burner as a heat source.

  Table 2 shows the results of roasting various coffee beans (blend, mandelin, Santos, Colombia, mocha) using the roasting apparatus 100.

  When the temperature in the roasting chamber 402 reaches 200 ° C., coffee beans are added to start the roasting process, and the roasting process is performed while keeping the temperature, pressure, and flow rate of the superheated steam to be supplied constant. It was. The amount of coffee beans to be introduced was 5 kg. Moreover, the timing which complete | finishes a roasting process was determined when the color of the coffee bean surface was judged visually and it became a predetermined color (the same color as a predetermined sample). The temperature at the end of roasting was defined as the roasting end temperature, and the time from the start to the end of roasting was defined as the roasting time. In this table, the numerical values shown in parentheses are values when a conventional roasting apparatus using a gas burner as a heat source is used.

  As shown in this table, by using the roasting apparatus 100, the roasting time is shortened by 2 to 3 minutes (7.1% to 18.8%) compared to the roasting apparatus using the conventional gas burner. did it.

  As for taste, for each of the five types of coffee beans shown in Table 2, a roasted product with a roasting device 100 and a roasted device with a gas burner were prepared. The same amount (about 95 ° C.) and the same amount of hot water were poured into the same amount of powder ground in 10 and 10 people sampled and evaluated. Of course, each tasting person was not informed which coffee was roasted by the roasting apparatus 100. As a result, all 10 people evaluated that the coffee roasted by the roasting apparatus 100 was “taste is milder”.

  As for the fragrance, for each of the five types of coffee beans shown in Table 2, the roasted with the roasting apparatus 100 and the roasted with the roasting apparatus using a gas burner are stored at room temperature for 14 days. Ten people evaluated the change in fragrance. Of course, each tasting person was not informed which coffee beans were roasted by the roasting apparatus 100. As a result, all the 10 people evaluated that the coffee roasted by the roasting apparatus 100 “has a long lasting aroma”.

  FIG. 13 shows changes in the elapsed days and acid values of coffee beans roasted with a roasting device using a gas burner and coffee beans roasted with the roasting device 100 after storage at room temperature. It is a graph which shows the result of having measured the relationship.

The acid value is the number of mg of potassium hydroxide necessary to neutralize free fatty acids contained in 1 g of fat and oil. A neutral solvent is added to the sample to dissolve, and N / 10 (0.1 mol) / L) After titration with potassium hydroxide-ethanol standard solution, the following formula (1)
Acid value = 5.611 × A × F / B (1)
Sought by. A is the amount of N / 10 potassium hydroxide-ethanol standard solution used (ml), F is the factor of N / 10 potassium hydroxide-ethanol standard solution, and B is the sample collection amount (g). The acid value is an index indicating the degree of hydrolysis, and the larger the value, the more advanced the hydrolysis, and the more fragrant and color deterioration is.

  As shown in FIG. 13, the acid value of the coffee beans roasted by the roasting device 100 was lower than the acid value of the coffee beans roasted by the roasting device using a gas burner.

  FIG. 14 shows the number of days elapsed and the peroxide value of coffee beans roasted with a roasting apparatus using a gas burner and coffee beans roasted with the roasting apparatus 100 under storage at room temperature after roasting. It is a graph which shows the result of having measured the relationship with the change of.

Peroxide value is the number of milliequivalents per milligram of sample that is liberated when potassium iodide is added to the sample.
Peroxide value (meq / kg) = a × f / b × 10 (2)
It is requested from. Here, a is the amount of N / 100 (0.01 mol / L) sodium thiosulfate standard solution used (ml), f is a factor of the N / 100 sodium thiosulfate standard solution, and b is the sampling amount (g). The peroxide value is an index indicating the degree of progress of oxidation, and the larger the value, the more the oxidation progresses, and various changes such as change of fragrance, generation of odor, change of color, expression of toxicity, etc. Indicates that it has occurred.

  As shown in FIG. 14, the peroxide value of the coffee beans roasted by the roasting device 100 was lower than the peroxide value of the coffee beans roasted by the roasting device using a gas burner.

  Table 3 shows the result of comparing the smoke emission of the conventional roasting apparatus (gas heat source roasting machine) using the gas burner as the heat source and the smoke emission of the roasting apparatus 100.

  As shown in this table, the color of the flue gas changed between white, blue, and light black in the gas heat source roaster, while the roasting device 100 was light white. In addition, the gas heat source roasting machine emits a large amount of smoke, whereas the roasting apparatus 100 has a very small amount of smoke. Further, regarding the smell of flue gas, the roasting apparatus 100 significantly reduced the roasting odor, while the gas heat source roaster had a strong roasting odor. The temperature of the flue gas was 200 ° C. or higher in the gas heat source roaster, whereas it was 100 ° C. or lower in the roasting apparatus 100.

  As described above, the roasting apparatus 100 includes the superheated steam generator 300 that has a small apparatus size and can continuously generate a large amount of superheated steam, and therefore roasts using only the superheated steam as a heat source. All steps of the process can be performed. Note that superheated steam at a temperature of 200 ° C. to 600 ° C. and a pressure of 0.05 MPa to 0.2 MPa is continuously supplied to the roasting chamber 402 at a flow rate of 50 kg / h to 300 kg / h, and the amount of coffee beans to be roasted is determined. When changed, 5-30 kg of coffee beans could be roasted in a shorter time than a roasting apparatus using a conventional gas burner or the like. The amount of coffee beans that can be roasted is not limited to this, and it is considered that a larger amount of coffee beans can be roasted.

  Thus, according to the roasting apparatus 100, the amount of coffee beans that can be roasted at a time can be increased to improve productivity. Therefore, it has been difficult to use a conventional coffee bean roasting apparatus using only superheated steam as a heat source for commercial production, but the roasting apparatus 100 can be used for commercial production. In addition, since the entire roasting process is performed with superheated steam, in addition to convective heat transfer and radiant heat transfer, use condensation film heat transfer and far-infrared heating effect (superheated steam acts as a heat-radiating gas). And the roasting time can be shortened. In addition, since a large amount of superheated steam can be continuously supplied, the roasting chamber can be kept in an oxygen-free state (or a low-oxygen state) at all times, improving the taste and aroma of coffee beans, and the expiration date and aroma. Can be prolonged.

  Further, in a conventional roasting apparatus using a gas burner or the like as a heat source, a large amount of smoke is generated by roasting, so it is necessary to install a smoke extinguishing facility such as a smoke extinguishing burner. On the other hand, in the roasting apparatus 100, since all the processes of the roasting process are performed by superheated steam, there is almost no smoke generation. That is, smoke generated during roasting can be extinguished by the heat of superheated steam, and the amount of smoke discharged to the atmosphere can be greatly reduced. For this reason, smoke eliminating equipment can be omitted or reduced in size. Thereby, the energy consumption can be reduced by reducing the energy consumption of the smoke eliminator, and the facility cost for the smoke eliminator can be reduced.

  If the amount of superheated steam output from the superheated steam generator 300 is larger than the amount of superheated steam that needs to be supplied to the roasting chamber 402, as shown in FIG. (Superheated steam) may be supplied to the smoke extinguishing equipment 600 for eliminating the smoke contained in the exhaust from the exhaust cyclone 500 by bypassing the roaster 400. By injecting superheated steam into the exhaust gas from the injection nozzle (injection means) in the smoke suppression equipment 600, the heat of the superheated steam can be used for smoke suppression in the smoke suppression equipment 600. Therefore, energy consumption in the smoke suppression equipment 600 Can be further reduced. In this case, it is preferable that a pipe (bypass means) for bypassing the superheated steam is provided with a flow rate adjusting means (such as a flow rate adjusting valve) for adjusting the flow rate of the superheated steam to be bypassed. Moreover, when the pressure of the superheated steam output from the superheated steam generator 300 is low, it is preferable to provide suction means (such as a fan) for sucking the superheated steam and guiding it to the smoke evacuation equipment.

  FIG. 22A is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a smoke evacuation facility (smoke eliminator) 600 that performs a smoke suppression process using superheated steam, and FIG. 22B is a cross-sectional view taken along line A- in FIG. It is sectional drawing of A cross section. As shown in these drawings, a smoke eliminator (smoke eliminator) 600 includes a smoke evacuation chamber (a smoke eliminator) 601 that performs a smoke eliminator, and a supply pipe (a supplier) that supplies smoke to the smoke eliminator 601. 602, an injection nozzle (injection means) 605 for injecting superheated steam into the smoke extinguishing chamber 601, and an exhaust pipe (exhaust unit) 603 for exhausting the exhaust gas after the smoke eliminating treatment from the smoke extinguishing chamber 601. It is good also as a structure which performs a smoke_extinguishing process by injecting superheated steam to the smoke supplied in the chamber 601. FIG. Thereby, the fine particles of the smoke can be decomposed by the heat of the superheated steam, or adsorbed and removed by condensed water, and smoke can be extinguished. In addition, as shown in FIG. 22A, the combustion facility 600 has a combustion chamber 601 that is surrounded by a heat insulating material 604 so that the heat of superheated steam can be used efficiently. . In addition, in the smoke-extinguishing equipment 600 shown in FIG. 22A, a heat insulating material 604 made of fiber cast (a paste-like amorphous refractory material in which ceramic fiber and an inorganic binder are wet-mixed) manufactured by NICHIAS Corporation is used. The periphery of the smoke evacuation chamber 601 was covered. However, the material of the heat insulating material 604 is not particularly limited, and various conventionally known materials can be used.

  In the example shown in FIG. 22B, the injection nozzle 605 extends in the diameter direction of a circle passing through the side surface of the smoke evacuating chamber 601 and having a cross section perpendicular to the direction in which smoke passes in the smoke evacuating chamber 601. The injection nozzle for injecting superheated steam is provided in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which smoke passes, but the shape, position, number of installations, number of injection ports, position, direction, etc. of the injection nozzle 605 are It is not specifically limited, What is necessary is just to be able to inject smoke and superheated steam appropriately.

  FIG. 23A is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of a smoke evacuation facility (smoke eliminator) 600 that performs a smoke suppression process using superheated steam, and FIG. 23B is illustrated in FIG. It is sectional drawing of an AA cross section. As shown in FIG. 23B, the injection nozzle 605 has a shape along the inner surface of the smoke evacuation chamber 601, and is provided with an injection port for injecting superheated steam from the inner surface side toward the center of the cross section. It may be a configuration.

  FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view showing still another example of a smoke eliminating equipment (smoke eliminating apparatus) 600 that performs a smoke eliminating process using superheated steam. As shown in this figure, a plurality of injection nozzles 605 for injecting superheated steam may be provided in the smoke extinguishing chamber 601, and the superheated steam may be injected in multiple directions.

  In the above example, the smoke evacuation chamber 601 has a cylindrical shape. However, the shape is not limited to this, and may be, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped shape or a cubic shape. The exhaust pipe 603 may be connected to the supply pipe 602. A shape (for example, a spiral shape) in which the smoke passage direction is non-linear across the connecting portion may be used.

  Alternatively, the smoke supplied from the roasting machine 400 to the exhaust cyclone 500 and the superheated steam may be brought into contact with each other by injecting the superheated steam into the cyclone 500, and the smoke removal process may be performed in the exhaust cyclone 500. In this case, by injecting the superheated steam to the smoke swirling in the exhaust cyclone 500, the smoke and the superheated steam can be efficiently brought into contact with each other, and the efficiency of the smoke eliminating process can be improved. In addition, since the condensed water can be separated from the exhaust by centrifugal force and gravity, smoke fine particles can be efficiently collected together with the condensed water. That is, the smoke eliminator of the present invention may be configured to include a swirling unit that swirls smoke and an injection unit that jets superheated steam to the smoke that is swirling (or a contact unit that contacts superheated steam). . Moreover, you may provide the collection | recovery means which collect | recovers the garbage isolate | separated from exhaust_gas | exhaustion with the centrifugal force and gravity by the said rotation, and gravity.

  In addition to the superheated steam generator 300 for supplying superheated steam to the roasting machine 400, a superheated steam generator (second superheated steam generator) for supplying superheated steam as a heat source for the smoke eliminating equipment 600. May be provided. Thus, the smoke-removing process can be efficiently performed in the smoke-removing facility 600 or the exhaust cyclone 500 (smoke-eliminating device) provided with the superheated steam injection nozzle. The second superheated steam generator is not limited as long as it can generate superheated steam at the temperature and amount necessary for smoke suppression, and has the same configuration as the superheated steam generator 300, for example. Also good.

  It should be noted that 5 kg of green beans are put into the roasting apparatus 100 to perform roasting treatment, and the smoke evacuation equipment 600 is not provided, and the superheated steam shown in FIGS. 22A and 22B is used. An experiment was conducted to visually compare the state of flue gas when the smoke evacuation facility 600 for performing the smoke elimination treatment was provided. In this experiment, the smoke evacuation chamber 601 in the smoke eliminator 600 has a cylindrical shape with an inner diameter of 300 mm, a length (length in the direction of smoke passage) of 300 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm, and enters the smoke evacuation chamber 601 from below in the vertical direction. Smoke was supplied and exhaust was discharged vertically upward. The supply pipe 602 and the exhaust pipe 603 have a cylindrical shape with an outer diameter of 201 mm, an inner diameter of 199 mm, and a length of 100 mm. In addition to the superheated steam generator 300 for supplying superheated steam to the roasting machine 400, the superheated steam generator for supplying superheated steam to the smoke evacuation facility 600 has the same specifications as the superheated steam generator 300. Then, superheated steam having a temperature of 600 ° C. and a flow rate of 100 kg / h was injected into the smoke evacuation chamber 601.

  As a result, the smoke emission was dark white when the smoke emission facility 600 was not provided, whereas the smoke emission when the wiring facility 600 having the above configuration was provided was almost colorless and transparent. That is, by providing the smoke eliminating equipment 600 using superheated steam, a sufficient smoke eliminating effect that can be clearly confirmed by visual observation was obtained.

  In addition, it is preferable that the temperature of the superheated steam (superheated steam brought into contact with the smoke) injected into the smoke extinguishing chamber 601 is 200 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less. By bringing the superheated steam in this temperature range into contact with the smoke, it is possible to efficiently eliminate the smoke.

  In addition, the conventional roasting apparatus using a gas burner or the like as a heat source has a strong roasting odor of exhaust, especially when the roasting apparatus is installed in an urban area, a residential area, etc. It was necessary to provide a filter. On the other hand, in the roasting apparatus 100, since the superheated steam is used as the heat source, the roasting odor is reduced. For this reason, the filter etc. for removing a roasting odor can be omitted or simplified.

  In addition, the roasting apparatus 100 can prevent dry dust such as chaff from adhering to the exhaust passage, thereby extending the maintenance cycle of the exhaust passage and preventing fire. This point will be described with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17.

  FIG. 16 shows an exhaust chimney that dissipates the exhaust duct from the roaster 400 to the exhaust cyclone 500, the exhaust cyclone 500, and the exhaust from the exhaust cyclone 500 to the atmosphere when the roasting apparatus 100 performs the roasting process. The measurement result of the exhaust temperature in is shown. FIG. 17 shows the exhaust duct from the roaster to the exhaust cyclone, the inside of the exhaust cyclone, and the exhaust cyclone when the conventional roasting apparatus performs roasting using the gas burner as a heat source. The exhaust temperature measurement results in the exhaust chimney that dissipates the exhaust gas into the atmosphere are shown.

  As shown in FIG. 16, the exhaust temperature from the roasting machine 400 is 200 ° C. to 300 ° C. as in the conventional roasting apparatus using a gas burner, but is cooled in the exhaust duct and is 100 ° C. in the exhaust cyclone 500. Decreases to ~ 150 ° C. For this reason, a part of superheated steam condenses in an exhaust duct, and turns into condensed water. This condensed water functions to suppress adhesion of dust such as chaff to the exhaust duct. Further, the superheated steam is further cooled in the exhaust cyclone 500 and partially becomes condensed water, and the separation capability of dust such as chaff in the exhaust cyclone 500 is improved. The condensed water condensed in the exhaust duct and the exhaust cyclone 500 is collected together with dust such as chaff through a drain outlet provided in the lower part of the exhaust cyclone 500.

  As described above, in the roasting apparatus 100, superheated steam is condensed in the exhaust passage (exhaust duct, exhaust cyclone 500, exhaust chimney) to become condensed water, and the dust such as chaff adhering to the exhaust passage is replaced with a conventional gas burner or the like. Compared to a roasting apparatus using sushi, it can be greatly reduced. Therefore, the maintenance cycle such as cleaning of the exhaust passage can be extended, and the convenience for the user can be improved.

  Further, in the conventional roasting apparatus, if maintenance of the exhaust path specified in the manual of the apparatus manufacturer is neglected, a large amount of dry dust such as chaff may adhere to the exhaust path. In such a case, the dust adhering to the exhaust passage may be ignited and spread over the entire exhaust passage. On the other hand, in the roasting apparatus 100, since the dust adhering to the exhaust path can be greatly reduced, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a fire or the spread of fire when the fire occurs. In the conventional roasting apparatus using superheated steam, since the amount of superheated steam is very small, it was not possible to sufficiently obtain the effect of preventing the adhesion of dust due to the condensation of superheated steam in the exhaust passage. In the roasting apparatus 100, when the diameter of the exhaust duct was set to 100 mm and the exhaust amount of superheated steam was set to 50 kg / h to 300 kg / h, the effect of preventing the adhesion of dust could be sufficiently obtained.

  In addition, when the amount of superheated steam output from the superheated steam generator 300 is larger than the amount of superheated steam that needs to be supplied to the roasting chamber 402, the excess superheated steam (surplus superheated steam) is removed from the roaster. 400 may be bypassed and supplied to the exhaust path (exhaust duct). Thereby, the adhesion prevention effect of dust can be improved more. In this case, it is preferable that a pipe (bypass means) for bypassing the superheated steam is provided with a flow rate adjusting means (such as a flow rate adjusting valve) for adjusting the flow rate of the superheated steam to be bypassed. In addition, when the pressure of the superheated steam output from the superheated steam generator 300 is low, it is preferable to include suction means (such as a fan) for sucking the superheated steam and guiding it to the exhaust path.

  Although this embodiment mainly demonstrated the case where the roasting apparatus 100 was a roasting apparatus for roasting 5 kg of coffee beans, it is not restricted to this. For example, it is good also as a structure which can roast a lot more coffee beans at once. In this case, the size of each member provided in the roasting device 100 (for example, the capacity of the roasting chamber 402, the capacity of the tank 1 provided in the superheated steam generator 300, etc.), the amount of superheated steam supplied to the roasting chamber 402, and the like. You may change suitably. However, the capacity of the tank 1 is preferably smaller than the capacity of the roasting chamber 402.

  Moreover, although this embodiment demonstrated the case where coffee beans were roasted, a roasting target object is not restricted to this. The roasting apparatus 100 can be used for roasting various foods such as peanuts, rice, wheat, straw, corn, garlic, tea leaves, baked goods, and the like.

[Embodiment 2]
Another embodiment of the present invention will be described. For convenience of explanation, members having the same functions as those described in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the superheated steam generator 300a according to the present embodiment. This superheated steam generator 300a is provided in the roasting apparatus 100 shown in Embodiment 1 instead of the superheated steam generator 300.

  As shown in this figure, the superheated steam generator 300a has a steam supply pipe 3 integrally attached to one end of a cylindrical body 2 made of stainless steel 403 (SUS403) and / or 430 (SUS430) having weak magnetism, A tank (superheated tank) 1a and a metal plate (magnetic member) 11 having a superheated steam discharge pipe 5 integrally attached to the other end are provided.

  The metal plate 11 is formed of the same metal as that of the cylindrical body 2, and both are integrally formed by a method such as welding. Thereby, in addition to the metal plate 11, the cylindrical body 2 can be induction-heated at the same time, so that a superheated steam generator with higher thermal efficiency can be obtained.

  In the superheated steam generator 300a, a large number of metal plates (partition walls) 11 and 11 are provided in the tank 1a substantially at right angles to the axis of the cylindrical body 2, and the compartments 34 are arranged in series. A number of through holes 12, 12 for communicating 34 are formed in the metal plate 11.

  In the superheated steam generator 300a, the opening positions (distances from the axis) of the through holes 12 and 12 formed in adjacent partition walls are displaced from each other.

  As a result, the vapor that has passed through the through-hole 12 does not directly enter the through-hole 12 of the next metal plate 11, but reliably collides with the adjacent metal plate 11 and is placed in a turbulent state in the gap. Then, it passes through the through-hole 12 and is sent to the discharge port while repeating overheating and expansion. Therefore, it is possible to further improve the superheating efficiency, whereby high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam can be continuously generated.

  According to the superheated steam generator 300a according to the present embodiment, with the above configuration, the saturated steam is generated from the steam supply pipe 3 side under the condition of an output of 20 kW, similarly to the superheated steam generator 300 shown in the first embodiment. When 200 kg / h was supplied, high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam at 520 ° C. or higher could be continuously discharged from the superheated steam discharge pipe 5 side. Moreover, when the electric power supplied and the amount of saturated steam were changed, 50 kg / h to 200 kg / h of superheated steam having a temperature of 200 ° C. to 600 ° C. and a pressure of 0.05 MPa to 0.2 MPa could be generated. In addition, by changing the size of the tank or changing the power supply, for example, 50 kg / h to 300 kg / h of superheated steam having a temperature of 200 ° C. to 600 ° C. and a pressure of 0.05 MPa to 0.2 MPa is generated. be able to.

  Note that the maximum temperature of the superheated steam depends on the heat-resistant temperature of the heating element, and thus the above temperature is not a limit value. By replacing the heating element with a material having higher heat resistance, it is possible to continuously generate higher-temperature and higher-pressure superheated steam.

[Embodiment 3]
Still another embodiment of the present invention will be described. For convenience of explanation, members having the same functions as those described in the first or second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of the superheated steam generator 300b according to the present embodiment. The superheated steam generator 300b is provided in the roasting apparatus 100 shown in Embodiment 1 instead of the superheated steam generator 300.

  As shown in this figure, the superheated steam generator 300b has a steam supply pipe 3 integrally attached to one end of a cylindrical body 2 made of stainless steel 403 (SUS403) and / or 430 (SUS430) having weak magnetism, A tank (superheat tank) 1b, a magnetic member (metal plate 11), and a collision plate 45, which are integrally attached with the superheated steam discharge pipe 5 at the other end, are provided.

  In the present embodiment, as in the second embodiment, the tank 1b and the member made of a magnetic material are integrally formed by welding or the like using the same metal. Thereby, it becomes possible to heat the tank 1b and the internal magnetic member at the same time, and it is possible to overheat the steam more efficiently.

  In the superheated steam generator 300b, a large number of metal plates 11 and 11 are provided in the tank 1b substantially at right angles to the axis of the tank 1b, and the compartments 44 are arranged in series along the axial direction. A large number of through-holes 12, 12 for communicating are formed in the peripheral portion of the metal plate 11.

  A thin collision plate (doughnut plate) 45 formed of the same material as that of the metal plate 11 is welded and integrated with the metal plate 11 in each of the compartments 44 and 44. Thereby, the vapor | steam which emerges from the through-hole 12 of the metal plate 11 is made to collide with the collision board 45, and superheated steam can be generated much more efficiently.

  The hole at the center of the collision plate 45 is formed inside the through-hole 12 from the most central portion (axial center) in the metal plate 11.

  As a result, the steam that has passed through the through-hole 12 and entered the compartment 44 always collides with the collision plate 45, so that the steam is once put in a turbulent state in the compartment 44. At this time, since the collision plate 45 is in a high temperature state, the steam is further heated and mixed in the compartment 44 and then moves from the through hole 12 to the next compartment 44. Thereby, whenever it passes through the compartment 44, the temperature of a vapor | steam can be raised efficiently, repeating a superheat expansion, and a high temperature high pressure superheated steam can be generated continuously.

  In the present embodiment, a donut shape is used as the collision plate 45, but the shape of the collision plate 45 is not limited to this. Even if it is another shape, what is necessary is just the shape provided in the position where the vapor | steam which has passed through the through-hole 12 collides reliably.

  According to the superheated steam generator 300b according to the present embodiment, the above configuration causes the steam supply pipe 3 side under the condition of an output of 20 kW as in the superheated steam generators 300 and 300a of the first and second embodiments. When 200 kg / h of saturated steam was supplied, high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam at 500 ° C. or higher could be continuously discharged from the superheated steam discharge pipe 5 side. Moreover, when the electric power supplied and the amount of saturated steam were changed, 50 kg / h to 200 kg / h of superheated steam having a temperature of 200 ° C. to 600 ° C. and a pressure of 0.05 MPa to 0.2 MPa could be generated. In addition, by changing the size of the tank or changing the power supply, for example, 50 kg / h to 300 kg / h of superheated steam having a temperature of 200 ° C. to 600 ° C. and a pressure of 0.05 MPa to 0.2 MPa is generated. be able to.

[Embodiment 4]
Another embodiment of the present invention will be described. For convenience of explanation, members having the same functions as those described in Embodiments 1 to 3 are given the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted.

  FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the superheated steam generator 300c according to the present embodiment. The superheated steam generator 300c is configured as follows in order to generate high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam more efficiently and continuously.

  That is, in the superheated steam generator 300c shown in FIG. 20, the steam sent from the steam supply pipe 3 once passes through the central portion of the tank 1c and is sent to the superheated steam discharge pipe 5 side. After passing through the plurality of compartments 44 from the back side to the steam supply pipe 3 side through the through holes 12a, the plurality of compartments are again made from the steam supply pipe 3 side to the superheated steam discharge pipe 5 side through the through holes 12. By passing through the chamber 44, it is sent while being repeatedly heated and compressed, and the temperature of the steam can be increased efficiently, and high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam can be continuously generated.

  Thus, the number of the through holes 12 and the compartments 44 through which the steam passes is increased more efficiently and continuously than the above-described superheated steam generators 300, 300a, 300b. be able to.

  Each of the superheated steam generators described above includes a member made of a magnetic material in a tank, and the steam passes through while contacting with the member made of the magnetic material. Thereby, a large amount of superheated steam can be generated efficiently. Moreover, the temperature rise and fall in the tank can be controlled slowly, and the superheated steam can be generated efficiently.

  That is, since a member (magnetic member) made of a magnetic material is disposed in the tank (electromagnetic induction overheating tank), the magnetic lines generated by turning on the high-frequency AC power source are affected by the magnetic force of the magnetic member, The eddy current is slightly weakened. The Joule heat generated by this eddy current also heats the magnetic member disposed in the tank 1, so that the temperature in the tank rises slowly.

  The steam contacts the heated magnetic member when passing through the tank, and is further heated to become superheated steam, and moves to the discharge side of the tank while gradually expanding. Even if the temperature in the tank rises and the coil is turned off, the magnetic member remains in a high temperature state, and the temperature in the tank decreases due to cooling of the magnetic member. Therefore, both the rise and fall of the temperature in the tank can be performed slowly without a sudden change.

  When a weak magnetic material is used as the magnetic member, the temperature can be increased and decreased more slowly.

  The temperature of the superheated steam is related to the amount of steam supplied in addition to the strength of the induced current. That is, when the induced currents have the same strength, the temperature can be controlled in the low temperature region when the amount of steam is increased, and the temperature can be controlled in the high temperature region when the amount of steam is decreased. The temperature can also be controlled by making the flow rate constant and adjusting the pressure on the outlet side.

  As said tank, metal and ceramics can be used. For example, when a metal tank is used, it is preferable to integrally form the magnetic plate and the tank by welding or the like. Accordingly, not only the magnetic plate but also the tank can be induction-heated, and high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam can be continuously generated more efficiently.

  As the magnetic member, a strong magnetic metal such as iron, a stainless steel 430, 403, 304, a weak magnetic metal such as nickel or titanium, or a carbon ceramic can be used.

  Since it is necessary for the magnetic member to smoothly pass the steam in the tank, it is desirable to use a granular material, a net, and a plate material having a large number of through holes. As this granular material, a spherical body or other small objects can be used. A through hole may be formed in the granular material. Since these members are only filled or loaded in the tank, they can be easily installed.

  When the magnetic member has a structure in which a plurality of magnetic plates each having a through-hole formed therein and spaced in the direction in which the steam travels are combined with a magnetic granular material filled between the magnetic plates, Can be moved along the spherical surface, the contact area can be increased and the thermal efficiency can be increased.

  The number of through holes is not particularly limited, and may be set as appropriate in consideration of the size of the tank, the amount of steam to pass through, and the like.

  When both surfaces of the magnetic plate are formed in a concave spherical shape, the granular material can be filled or sandwiched in a stable state. Further, by forming the concave spherical shape, the thin portion at the center is more easily heated by induction heating than the thick portion, so that the steam superheating efficiency can be further improved.

  Moreover, in each said superheated steam generator, you may comprise a tank and the member which consists of magnetic bodies integrally by welding. When a large number of partition walls are provided in the tank at substantially right angles to the axis of the tank and the partition chambers are arranged in series, and through holes for communicating the partition chambers are formed in the partition walls, thermal efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, the steam can be efficiently expanded by sequentially passing through the compartments, and the superheated steam can be ejected vigorously from the discharge side.

  At this time, when the opening positions of the through holes in the adjacent partition walls are displaced from each other, the steam that has entered the compartments surely collides with the adjacent partition walls and is in a turbulent state in the gap, and thereafter Since it passes through the next through-hole, superheated steam can be generated more efficiently.

  In addition, the tank and a member made of a magnetic material are integrally formed by welding or the like, and a large number of partition walls are provided in the tank at substantially right angles to the axis of the tank, and the compartments are arranged in series, and the compartments communicate with each other. A large number of through holes may be formed in the partition wall, and a collision plate made of a magnetic material may be disposed between the through holes.

  Thereby, the vapor | steam which passed the through-hole collides with the collision board heated and became high temperature, and a vapor | steam is once put into a turbulent flow state simultaneously in a division chamber. At this time, since the collision plate is thinner than the partition wall, the collision plate is placed at a higher temperature than the partition wall. For this reason, the steam becomes a high temperature state and is mixed in the compartment, and then moves from the through hole to the next compartment, so that it repeats superheat expansion every time it passes through the compartment and continues the superheated steam efficiently and efficiently. Can be generated.

  In this case, as long as the vapor that has passed through the through holes can collide with the collision plate, the opening positions of the through holes of the adjacent partition walls may be the same or displaced from each other.

  Further, if a large number of through holes are formed in the peripheral edge of the partition wall and a donut-shaped collision plate is inserted between the partition walls, the collision plate can be heated to a high temperature, and the superheat efficiency with respect to steam is further increased. In such an integrated apparatus, the number of through holes may be set as appropriate in consideration of the size of the tank, the amount of vapor to be passed, and the like.

  Moreover, it is good also as a structure which advances / retracts the coil connected to the high frequency alternating current power supply along a tank. Thereby, the part which generate | occur | produces the Joule heat in a tank can be moved. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the magnetic member in the tank from being overheated, and the magnetic member is not overheated and loses magnetism, thereby enabling stable temperature control.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are possible within the scope shown in the claims, and embodiments obtained by appropriately combining technical means disclosed in different embodiments. Is also included in the technical scope of the present invention.

  The roasting apparatus and roasting method of the present invention can be used for roasting various foods such as beans such as coffee beans and peanuts, as well as rice, wheat, rice bran, corn, garlic, tea leaves and baked confectionery.

  In addition, the smoke eliminator and smoke evacuation method of the present invention is used for heating, burning, etc. of various substances such as food processing, cooking, incineration of waste, motors of automobiles, ships, aircraft, etc., combustion of fuel in thermal power generation, etc. It can be used to extinguish smoke generated.

It is a block diagram which shows schematic structure of the roasting apparatus concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the superheated steam generator with which the roasting apparatus concerning one Embodiment of this invention is equipped. It is sectional drawing of the metal plate with which the superheated steam generator of FIG. 2 is equipped. It is explanatory drawing which showed schematic structure of the roasting machine with which the roasting apparatus concerning one Embodiment of this invention is equipped. It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the roasting room with which the roaster shown in FIG. 4 is equipped. It is explanatory drawing which shows the other example of the roasting room with which the roaster shown in FIG. 4 is equipped. It is explanatory drawing which shows the further another example of the roasting room with which the roaster shown in FIG. 4 is equipped. (A) is a perspective view of the rotating drum provided in the roaster shown in FIG. 5, (b) is an explanatory view schematically showing the shape of the blades provided in the rotating drum shown in (a). And (c) is an explanatory view showing the arrangement of the blades when the rotating drum shown in (b) is viewed from the A direction. It is a top view of the 2nd blade | wing with which the rotating drum shown to Fig.8 (a) is equipped. (A)-(c) is sectional drawing which shows the modification of the 1st blade | wing provided with the rotating drum shown to Fig.8 (a). (A) And (b) is sectional drawing which shows the modification of the 1st blade | wing provided with the rotating drum shown to Fig.8 (a). It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the roasting process in the roasting apparatus concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the oxidation of the coffee beans roasted using the roasting device concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the peroxide value of the coffee beans roasted using the roasting device concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing which showed the exhaust temperature in the roasting apparatus concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which showed the exhaust temperature in the conventional roasting apparatus which performs roasting using a gas burner as a heat source. It is explanatory drawing which shows the modification of the roasting apparatus concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the other example of the superheated steam generator with which the roasting apparatus of this invention is equipped. It is sectional drawing which shows the further another example of the superheated steam generator with which the roasting apparatus of this invention is equipped. It is sectional drawing which shows the further another example of the superheated steam generator with which the roasting apparatus of this invention is equipped. It is explanatory drawing which shows the further another example of the roasting room with which the roaster shown in FIG. 4 is equipped. (A) is sectional drawing which shows an example of the smoke-removal apparatus which performs a smoke-removal process using superheated steam. (B) is sectional drawing of the AA cross section shown to (a). (A) is sectional drawing which shows the other example of the smoke-removal apparatus which performs a smoke-removal process using superheated steam. (B) is sectional drawing of the AA cross section shown to (a). It is sectional drawing which shows the further another example of the smoke-removal apparatus which performs a smoke-removal process using superheated steam.

Explanation of symbols

1, 1a, 1b, 1c tank (superheated tank)
2 Cylindrical body 3 Steam supply pipe 11 Metal plate (magnetic member, magnetic metal member, magnetic plate)
12, 12a Through-hole 13 Sphere (magnetic member, magnetic sphere)
14 Shaft body 25 Tube body (outer wall)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Roasting apparatus 200 Steam generating apparatus 300, 300a, 300b, 300c Superheated steam generating apparatus 400 Roasting machine 402 Roasting chamber 413 Rotating drum 414 Rotating shaft 421 First blade 422 Second blade 500 Exhaust cyclone 600 Smoke extinguishing equipment (extinguishing) Smoke device)
601 Smoke evacuation room (smoke proof section)
602 Supply pipe (supply section)
603 Exhaust pipe (exhaust part)
604 Heat insulation material 605 Injection nozzle (injection means)

Claims (20)

A roasting room comprising a roasting room for charging a roasting object and a superheated steam generator for supplying superheated steam to the roasting room, and roasting the roasting object with the superheated steam supplied to the roasting room In the device
The superheated steam generator is
An overheating tank with a magnetic member inside,
A steam supply pipe and a superheated steam discharge pipe connected to the superheat tank;
A coil disposed outside the overheating tank and connected to a high-frequency AC power source,
A high-frequency alternating voltage is applied to the coil, and the steam supplied from the steam supply pipe to the superheat tank is passed through the superheat tank while being in contact with the magnetic member, thereby generating superheated steam from the superheated steam discharge pipe. A roasting apparatus characterized in that the superheated steam discharged from the superheated steam discharge pipe is supplied to the roasting chamber. The superheated steam generator has a smaller capacity than the roasting chamber, and
2. The superheated steam at 200 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less is continuously supplied to the roasting chamber at a flow rate of 50 kg / h or more and 300 kg / h or less with one superheated steam generator. Roasting equipment.   The roasting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising an exhaust path for guiding exhaust from the roasting chamber to a predetermined discharge position. The roasting room
A hollow outer wall and a hollow rotating drum housed in the outer wall;
The rotating drum includes a large number of holes for introducing superheated steam supplied from the superheated steam generator into the rotating drum,
The roasting object put into the rotating drum is roasted using superheated steam introduced into the rotating drum through the hole, according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The roasting apparatus described. The roasting room
A hollow outer wall portion, a hollow rotating drum housed in the outer wall portion, and a rotating shaft provided to penetrate the rotating drum for transmitting a rotational driving force to the rotating drum. ,
The rotating shaft has a hollow structure, and has a large number of holes that connect the inside and the outside of the rotating shaft in a region arranged in the rotating drum,
The superheated steam supplied from the superheated steam generator is introduced into the rotary drum in the rotary shaft and through the hole provided in the rotary shaft, and is introduced into the rotary drum using the introduced superheated steam. The roasting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the roasted object to be roasted is roasted. The roasting room
A cylindrical outer wall portion, a cylindrical rotating drum accommodated in the outer wall portion, and a center line connecting the rotating drum to the centers of both bottom surfaces of the rotating drum for transmitting a rotational driving force to the rotating drum A rotating shaft provided to rotate around the shaft,
The rotating drum is installed so that the cylindrical peripheral surface faces downward in the vertical direction,
A plurality of first blades disposed along the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical shape, and one or more second blades provided on the center line side of the first blade,
When the plurality of first blades are viewed from a direction perpendicular to the center line, the angles formed by the first blades and the center line are 130 degrees or more and 140 degrees or less, respectively, and one of the rotating drums It is arranged side by side so that it can be twisted clockwise from the bottom toward the other bottom,
In the second blade, at least a part of the plurality of first blades has an angle between each second blade and the center line of 20 degrees or more and 30 degrees or less when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the center line. The roasting device according to claim 1, wherein the roasting device is fixed so as to become.   The second blade has a height in a direction from the side peripheral surface of the rotating drum toward the center line direction as it goes from the one bottom surface side to the other bottom surface side of the rotating drum. Item 7. The roasting apparatus according to item 6.   In the cross section perpendicular to the center line of the rotating drum, the first blade has a tip portion of the first blade that is more than a straight line connecting the contact portion of the first blade with the rotating drum and the center line. The roasting device according to claim 6, wherein the roasting device is disposed on a rotating direction side of the rotating drum.   The first blade is curved or bent so as to protrude toward the opposite side of the rotation direction of the rotary drum in a cross section perpendicular to the center line of the rotary drum. The roasting apparatus according to any one of the above.   The discharge door for discharging | emitting the roasting object in this rotating drum is provided in the said other bottom face in the said rotating drum, The any one of Claims 6-9 characterized by the above-mentioned. Roasting equipment.   The height of the first blade in the direction from the side peripheral surface of the rotary drum toward the rotational axis is at least one times the height of the second blade in the direction from the side peripheral surface of the rotary drum toward the rotational axis. The roasting apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein the roasting apparatus is twice or less.   The roasting device according to any one of claims 6 to 11, wherein the rotational driving means for generating the rotational driving force supplied to the rotating drum has a variable rotational speed. A smoke extinguishing device for extinguishing the smoke discharged from the roasting chamber;
Bypass means for supplying a part of the superheated steam output from the superheated steam generator to the smoke eliminator without going through the roasting chamber,
The roasting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the smoke eliminating apparatus extinguishes smoke using superheated steam supplied by the bypass means. A smoke extinguishing device for extinguishing the smoke discharged from the roasting chamber;
A second superheated steam generator for supplying superheated steam to the smoke suppressor,
The roasting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the smoke eliminator extinguishes smoke using superheated steam supplied by the second superheated steam generator. A roasting apparatus comprising a roasting room for charging a roasting object to be roasted and a superheated steam generator for supplying superheated steam to the roasting room is used for roasting by the superheated steam supplied to the roasting room. A roasting method for roasting a roasting object,
An overheating tank with a magnetic member inside,
A steam supply pipe and a superheated steam discharge pipe connected to the superheat tank;
A coil disposed outside the overheating tank and connected to a high-frequency AC power source,
A high-frequency alternating voltage is applied to the coil, and the steam supplied from the steam supply pipe to the superheat tank is passed through the superheat tank while being in contact with the magnetic member, thereby generating superheated steam from the superheated steam discharge pipe. Use the superheated steam generator to discharge,
A roasting method comprising supplying superheated steam discharged from the superheated steam discharge pipe to the roasting chamber.   The roasting method according to claim 15, wherein superheated steam of 200 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less is continuously supplied to the roasting chamber at a flow rate of 50 kg / h or more and 300 kg / h or less. The roasting chamber includes a hollow outer wall part, a hollow rotary drum housed in the outer wall part, and a blade for stirring a roasting object fixed to the inner surface of the rotary drum,
The roasting method according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the number of rotations of the rotary drum is changed during a roasting step of roasting an object to be roasted in the rotary drum with superheated steam. .   A smoke eliminator for extinguishing smoke, wherein the smoke evacuation treatment is performed by bringing smoke into contact with superheated steam.   The smoke eliminator according to claim 18, further comprising injection means for injecting superheated steam into the smoke.   A smoke eliminating method for eliminating smoke, wherein the smoke eliminating treatment is performed by bringing superheated steam into contact with the smoke.

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