JP2007112733A - Agent for inhibiting damage of plant by disease or insect pest and its manufacturing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、植物病虫害抑制剤およびその製造法に関する。さらに詳しくは、ケイ酸コリンを含有する植物病虫害抑制剤およびその製造法に関する。 The present invention relates to a plant pest damage inhibitor and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a plant pest or insecticide containing choline silicate and a method for producing the same.
ケイ素は植物の必須元素ではないが、植物の種類によっては生育に有利に働く。イネは代表的なケイ酸植物であり、ケイ素を多量に吸収する。ケイ素をイネに施用すると、光合成を促進し、イネの乾燥質量の向上、根の活性化、耐倒伏性の向上等が期待できると同時に、病害や虫害に対する抵抗性も強化されることが知られている(非特許文献１)。
近年、イネ以外のブドウ、キュウリ、イチゴなどの作物(植物)に対するケイ素の病害抑制効果についての報告があり、うどん粉病等の抑制を目的に、水溶性ケイ酸が使用されている(非特許文献１)。水溶性ケイ酸としては、ケイ酸ナトリウムのように植物に対し薬害を引き起こすことのないケイ酸カリウムが使用されている(非特許文献１)。
しかしながら、ケイ酸カリウムは、植物に対して繰り返し施用すると、カリウム過剰となり、土壌が高ｐＨとなるという欠点がある。土壌が高ｐＨとなると、水に対するマンガン、ほう素、鉄などの溶解性が減少し、ひいては、植物におけるこれらの減少した元素の欠乏症を助長する。また、イチゴ等の果実にケイ酸カリウムを使用すると、果実の軟化を起こすおそれがある。従って、新しい水溶性ケイ酸が望まれている。
Silicon is not an essential element of plants, but it works favorably depending on the type of plant. Rice is a typical silicate plant that absorbs large amounts of silicon. It is known that when silicon is applied to rice, photosynthesis is promoted, and dry mass of rice, root activation, and lodging resistance can be improved, and at the same time, resistance to disease and insect damage is also enhanced. (Non-Patent Document 1).
In recent years, there has been a report on the disease control effect of silicon on crops (plants) such as grapes, cucumbers and strawberries other than rice, and water-soluble silicic acid has been used for the purpose of suppressing powdery mildew (non-patent literature). 1). As water-soluble silicic acid, potassium silicate which does not cause phytotoxicity to plants like sodium silicate is used (Non-patent Document 1).
However, when potassium silicate is repeatedly applied to a plant, there is a disadvantage that the potassium becomes excessive and the soil has a high pH. When the soil is at a high pH, the solubility of manganese, boron, iron, etc. in water decreases, which in turn contributes to the deficiency of these reduced elements in plants. Moreover, when potassium silicate is used for fruits such as strawberries, the fruits may be softened. Therefore, new water-soluble silicic acid is desired.
本発明者等は、カリウム過剰による上記欠点を引き起こさない植物病害抑制剤としての水溶性ケイ酸の検討を行った。その結果、ケイ酸コリンが、ケイ酸カリウムと同等の病虫害抑制効果を示し、イチゴ等の果実の軟化を起こさないばかりか、実が硬く締まった日持ち性の良い果実が得られ、さらに土壌を高ｐＨとしないという知見を得た。また、併せて植物病害抑制剤として使用され得るケイ酸コリンの製法の検討も行い、簡便な製法を確立した。これらの知見に基づいて本発明に到達した。 The present inventors have studied water-soluble silicic acid as a plant disease inhibitor that does not cause the above-mentioned drawbacks due to excess potassium. As a result, choline silicate has the same insecticidal effect as potassium silicate, and it does not cause softening of fruits such as strawberries. The knowledge that it does not become pH was obtained. In addition, a method for producing choline silicate that can be used as a plant disease inhibitor was also investigated, and a simple method was established. The present invention has been reached based on these findings.
即ち、本発明は、有効成分として、ケイ酸コリンを含有する植物の病虫害抑制剤およびこの植物病害抑制剤に含まれるケイ酸コリンの製法に関するものである。
具体的には、
１．ケイ酸コリンを含有することを特徴とする植物病虫害抑制剤に関する。
２．ケイ酸コリンが、以下の式：ｍ(ＣＨ3)3Ｎ(Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ)・ｎＳｉＯ2（式中、ｎ／ｍ＝１．２〜２．５）で表される、上記１に記載の植物病虫害抑制剤に関する。
３．コリン水溶液中にケイ酸ゲルを加熱溶解する工程を含む、ケイ酸コリンの製造法に関する。
That is, the present invention relates to a plant disease / pest control agent containing choline silicate as an active ingredient and a method for producing choline silicate contained in the plant disease control agent.
In particular,
1. The present invention relates to a plant disease / pest damage inhibitor characterized by containing choline silicate.
2. Choline silicate is represented by the following formula: m (CH 3 ) 3 N (C 2 H 4 OH) · nSiO 2 (where n / m = 1.2 to 2.5) It relates to the plant pest damage inhibitor described.
3. The present invention relates to a method for producing choline silicate, which comprises a step of heating and dissolving a silicate gel in an aqueous choline solution.
本発明の植物の病虫害抑制剤は、イネ、ムギ、リンゴ、イチゴ、メロン、すいか、トマトなどの作物(植物)に施用すると、作物(植物)の病虫害を抑制することができる。また、おうとう、イチゴ等の果実の軟化が抑えられ、果実の日持ちが向上する。さらに、本発明の病虫害抑制剤は、土壌に施用した後もそれほど高ｐＨとならず、施用直後に向上したｐＨは、時間の経過と共に速やかに低下する。
このようなケイ酸コリンの病虫害に対する効果は、植物の種類によって異なるが、植物表皮にケイ酸が沈積することにより表皮が強固になり、物理的な障壁を作って病原菌の侵入を阻止すること、あるいは、植物の病虫害に対する生理的な抵抗反応を促進すること、などに起因するものと考えられる。また、イネやムギなどの作物においては、葉身が強固になって倒伏しにくくなり、ひいては病虫害を軽減できるという効果もある。
以下、本発明について詳述する。
When applied to crops (plants) such as rice, wheat, apples, strawberries, melons, watermelons, tomatoes, etc., the plant pests can be suppressed. In addition, softening of fruits such as sweets and strawberries is suppressed, and the shelf life of the fruits is improved. Furthermore, the pest control agent of the present invention does not reach a very high pH even after application to soil, and the pH improved immediately after application decreases rapidly with the passage of time.
The effect of choline silicate on diseases and insects varies depending on the type of plant, but the epidermis is strengthened by depositing silicic acid on the plant epidermis, creating a physical barrier to prevent the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, Or it is considered that it originates in promoting the physiological resistance reaction with respect to the disease and insect damage of a plant. In addition, in crops such as rice and wheat, the leaf blades become strong and difficult to fall down, which in turn has the effect of reducing pest damage.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
(１)ケイ酸コリン
(1-1)ケイ酸コリンの構造
ケイ酸コリンとは、以下の式：(ＣＨ3)3Ｎ+(Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ)ＯＨ-で表される強アルカリ物質：コリンに、(ＳｉＯ2)p・(Ｈ2Ｏ)q（式中、ｑ／ｐ＝１／３〜１、好ましくは、ｑ／ｐ＝１／２〜２／３）で表されるケイ酸が結合した物質である。例えば、ケイ酸コリンは、以下の式：
ｍ(ＣＨ3)3Ｎ(Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ)・ｎＳｉＯ2
式中、ｎ／ｍ＝１．２〜２．５、好ましくはｎ／ｍ＝１．５〜２．４、より好ましくは、ｎ／ｍ＝１．８〜２．３５で表すことができる。
(1) Choline silicate
(1-1) Structure of Choline Silicate Choline silicate is a strongly alkaline substance represented by the following formula: (CH 3 ) 3 N + (C 2 H 4 OH) OH − : choline, (SiO 2 ) p · (H 2 O) q (wherein q / p = 1/3 to 1, preferably q / p = 1/2 to 2/3) . For example, choline silicate has the following formula:
m (CH 3 ) 3 N (C 2 H 4 OH) · nSiO 2
In the formula, n / m = 1.2 to 2.5, preferably n / m = 1.5 to 2.4, and more preferably n / m = 1.8 to 2.35.
(1-2)ケイ酸コリンの製造
本発明で使用される、ケイ酸コリンの公知の製造方法としては、ハセガワ等により示された、テトラエトキシシランを５０％コリン水溶液で加水分解する方法が挙げられる(Isao Hasegawa et. al. “An improved procedure for syntheses of silyl derivatives of the cubeoctameric silicate anion” Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2003; 17, 287〜290頁)。本発明者等は、入手困難なテトラエトキシシランの代わりに入手の容易な原料を使用した製造法について種々検討の結果、ケイ酸ゲルをコリン水溶液で加熱溶解する事によりケイ酸コリン(水溶液)を容易に得ることができることを見出した。
ここでいうケイ酸ゲルとは、(ＳｉＯ2)p・(Ｈ2Ｏ)q（式中、ｑ／ｐ＝１／３〜２、好ましくは、ｑ／ｐ＝１／２〜１）で示される、好ましくはガラス状の透明又は半透明粒子であり、乾燥剤用などに使用されるシリカゲルの中間製品である。ケイ酸ゲルは、ケイ酸ソーダを無機酸で分解し、凝固したゲル状のケイ酸を水洗し、不純物を除去して得られる。なお、このケイ酸ゲルをさらに乾燥して水の含有量を全体の２〜１７質量％程度とすると、乾燥剤等で使用されるシリカゲルとなる（化学式：(ＳｉＯ2)p・(Ｈ2Ｏ)q（式中、ｑ／ｐ＝０．２〜０．１１、好ましくは、ｑ／ｐ＝０．５〜０．１））。ケイ酸ゲルは、一般に、全体の質量に対して、例えば、１３．６〜９０質量％、好ましくは、１７〜９０質量％、より好ましくは、１７質量％より多く、例えば、２０質量％以上、７５〜８５質量％の水分を含有する。
本発明で使用するケイ酸ゲルは、具体的には、平成１７年３月９日施行「肥料取締法に基づき普通肥料の工程規格を定める等の件」(農林水産省告示）にいうシリカヒドロゲル肥料であって、１８０℃で３時間乾燥したものがＪＩＳＺ０７０１に規定された包装用シリカゲル乾燥剤に該当するものが好ましい。
(1-2) Production of Choline Silicate As a known production method of choline silicate used in the present invention, there is a method of hydrolyzing tetraethoxysilane with 50% aqueous choline solution as shown by Hasegawa et al. (Isao Hasegawa et. Al. “An improved procedure for syntheses of silyl derivatives of the cubeoctameric silicate anion” Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2003; 17, pages 287-290). As a result of various studies on production methods using easily available raw materials instead of tetraethoxysilane, which are difficult to obtain, the present inventors have dissolved choline silicate (aqueous solution) by heating and dissolving the silicate gel with an aqueous choline solution. It was found that it can be easily obtained.
Silicic acid gel here is represented by (SiO 2 ) p · (H 2 O) q (where q / p = 1/3 to 2, preferably q / p = 1/2 to 1). Preferably, glassy transparent or translucent particles are silica gel intermediate products used for desiccants and the like. Silica gel is obtained by decomposing sodium silicate with an inorganic acid, washing the solidified gel-like silicic acid with water, and removing impurities. When this silicate gel is further dried to make the water content about 2 to 17% by mass of the whole, it becomes a silica gel used as a desiccant or the like (chemical formula: (SiO 2 ) p · (H 2 O ) q (where q / p = 0.2 to 0.11, preferably q / p = 0.5 to 0.1)). In general, the silicate gel is, for example, 13.6 to 90% by mass, preferably 17 to 90% by mass, more preferably more than 17% by mass, for example, 20% by mass or more, based on the total mass. Contains 75 to 85% by weight of moisture.
The silicate gel used in the present invention is specifically a silica hydrogel as described in “Matters for Establishing Process Standards for Ordinary Fertilizers Based on the Fertilizer Control Law” (Announcement of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), effective March 9, 2005. A fertilizer that is dried at 180 ° C. for 3 hours corresponds to the packaging silica gel desiccant defined in JISZ0701.
また、ここでいうコリン水溶液とは、化学式(ＣＨ3)3Ｎ+(Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ)ＯＨ-で示されるコリンの水溶液である。コリンは、コリン水溶液全体の質量に対し、例えば２０〜６０質量％、好ましくは、３０〜５０質量％存在することが適当である。
さらに、「加熱溶解」とは、例えば、６０〜１００℃、好ましくは８０〜９０℃の温度で２〜６時間、好ましくは、３〜４時間加熱することにより、固体のケイ酸ゲルをコリン水溶液中に溶解することを意味する。
The choline aqueous solution here is an aqueous solution of choline represented by the chemical formula (CH 3 ) 3 N + (C 2 H 4 OH) OH − . The choline is appropriately present in an amount of, for example, 20 to 60% by mass, preferably 30 to 50% by mass, based on the total mass of the choline aqueous solution.
Further, “heat dissolution” means, for example, heating a solid silicate gel to an aqueous choline solution by heating at a temperature of 60 to 100 ° C., preferably 80 to 90 ° C. for 2 to 6 hours, preferably 3 to 4 hours. It means to dissolve in.
具体的に、本発明のケイ酸コリンの製造方法は、以下の通りである。まず、原料となるケイ酸ゲルとコリン水溶液を準備する。このとき、コリンとケイ酸ゲルのモル比は、１：１．２〜１：２．５、好ましくは、１：１．５〜１：２．４であることが適当である。これらを反応容器に導入し、好ましくは、コリン(ケイ酸コリン)の着色(褐色化)を防ぐために窒素ガスなどの不活性ガス雰囲気中で反応を行う。反応は、まず、６０〜１００℃、好ましくは８０〜９０℃の温度で、例えば、１５〜４５分、好ましくは２０分〜４０分加熱することにより行われる。その後、反応溶液中のケイ酸ゲルが８０質量％以上融解し、撹拌可能な状態になったところで撹拌を開始し、上記温度で、さらに１〜５時間、好ましくは２〜４時間撹拌しながら加熱する。得られた反応溶液を、適宜水を留去して濃縮し又は水で希釈し、目的のケイ酸及びコリン濃度を有するケイ酸コリン溶液を得る。 Specifically, the method for producing choline silicate of the present invention is as follows. First, a silicate gel and an aqueous choline solution as raw materials are prepared. At this time, the molar ratio of choline to silicate gel is 1: 1.2 to 1: 2.5, preferably 1: 1.5 to 1: 2.4. These are introduced into a reaction vessel, and the reaction is preferably performed in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen gas in order to prevent coloring (browning) of choline (choline silicate). The reaction is first carried out by heating at a temperature of 60 to 100 ° C., preferably 80 to 90 ° C., for example, for 15 to 45 minutes, preferably 20 to 40 minutes. Thereafter, when the silicate gel in the reaction solution is melted by 80% by mass or more and becomes a stirrable state, the stirring is started and heated at the above temperature for another 1 to 5 hours, preferably 2 to 4 hours with stirring. To do. The obtained reaction solution is appropriately concentrated by distilling off water or diluted with water to obtain a choline silicate solution having the desired silicic acid and choline concentrations.
（２）ケイ酸コリン含有する植物病虫害抑制剤
本発明の植物病虫害抑制剤は、上記のようなケイ酸コリンを含有するものである。また、本発明の植物病虫害抑制剤は、適宜、その他の成分を添加してもよい。
(2-1) ケイ酸コリンの剤型と含有量
本発明の植物病虫害抑制剤は、一般の農薬の取り得る形態、例えば、固体のまま施用される錠剤、粉剤、粒剤及び粉粒剤のような固体製剤、水等に希釈して液体で施用する水溶剤のような固体製剤、液剤のような液体製剤として使用され得る。好適には、本発明の植物病虫害抑制剤の剤系は、液剤、水溶剤又は粒剤である。これらの製剤は、常法により調製される。例えば、液剤は、溶媒として、水またはメタノールを用い、液剤全体の質量に対してケイ酸コリンを１０〜７０質量％、好ましくは３０〜５０質量％含むように溶媒を加えて調製される。
水溶剤は、通常固体状で、使用時に水に溶解して使用される。水溶剤は、水溶剤全体の質量に対してケイ酸コリンを６０〜９９質量％、好ましくは７０〜９０質量％含み、必要に応じてリン酸水素二カリウム及び界面活性剤等を０．５〜１０質量％、好ましくは１〜５質量％程度添加して調製される。
(2) Plant disease / pest damage inhibitor containing choline silicate The plant disease / pest damage inhibitor of the present invention contains choline silicate as described above. Moreover, you may add another component to the plant disease prevention agent of this invention suitably.
(2-1) Dosage Form and Content of Choline Silicate The plant disease control agent of the present invention is in a form that can be taken by general agricultural chemicals, for example, tablets, powders, granules and powders applied as solids. Such a solid preparation, a solid preparation such as a water solvent diluted with water or the like and applied as a liquid, or a liquid preparation such as a liquid preparation can be used. Preferably, the agent system of the plant pest damage inhibitor of the present invention is a solution, an aqueous solvent or a granule. These preparations are prepared by a conventional method. For example, the solution is prepared by using water or methanol as a solvent and adding the solvent so that choline silicate is contained in an amount of 10 to 70% by mass, preferably 30 to 50% by mass, based on the total mass of the solution.
The aqueous solvent is usually in a solid state and is used by dissolving in water at the time of use. The aqueous solvent contains 60 to 99% by mass, preferably 70 to 90% by mass of choline silicate with respect to the total mass of the aqueous solvent, and 0.5 to 0.5% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and a surfactant as necessary. It is prepared by adding about 10% by mass, preferably about 1 to 5% by mass.
(2-2)その他の成分
本発明の植物病虫害抑制剤は、剤型にもよるが、必要に応じて、種々の成分を添加することができる。
例えば、粉剤や粒剤のような固体製剤の形態で使用する場合、添加剤及び担体として、例えば、木粉、トウモロコシ穂軸等の植物性粉末；珪藻土、焼灰石、石こう、タルク、ゼオライト、べントナイト、パイロフィライト、クレイ等の鉱物性微粉末；塩化カリウム、尿素、芒硝等の有機および無機化合物を使用することができる。
また、水溶剤及び粉剤の場合、例えば、タルク、ベントナイト、クレーなどの増量剤、、補助剤及び展着剤を混合してもよい。これらの増量剤や補助剤は、含有するケイ酸コリンに対して１０〜９０質量％、好ましくは２０〜８０質量％添加することが適当である。また、展着剤は、含有するケイ酸コリンに対して０．１〜１質量％、好ましくは０．２〜０．４質量％添加することが適当である。また、これらの増量剤や補助剤を適用するに際し、あらかじめ水で希釈して使用してもよい。
展着剤としては、Ｔｗｅｅｎ２０(製造元：花王)、アイヤー及び兼商展着パウダー(製造元：アグロカネショウ株式会社)等が挙げられる。
その他、ｐＨ調整剤、リン酸水素二カリウム、リン酸三カリウム等を添加してもよい。添加量は、添加する成分にもよるが、０．１〜１質量％、好ましくは０．２〜０．５質量％が適当である。また、ｐＨ調整剤は、含有するケイ酸コリンに対して０．５〜５質量％、好ましくは１〜２．５質量％添加することが適当である。
さらに、本発明の植物病虫害抑制剤は、他の肥料成分、例えば、リン酸水素二カリウム、リン酸コリン等を含んでもよい。また、本発明の植物病虫害抑制剤の特徴を失わない程度に、ケイ酸ソーダ、ケイ酸カリウムと混合することも可能である。
(2-3) 植物病虫害抑制剤の性質
本発明の植物病虫害抑制剤が溶液の場合、そのｐＨは、１１〜１２．５、好ましくは１１．５〜１２とすることが適当である。また、本発明の植物病虫害抑制剤の溶液の２５℃における比重は、１．１０〜１．２５、好ましくは、１．１７〜１．２０であることが適当である。さらに上記ケイ酸コリン等の濃度、ｐＨ、比重は、施用時に本発明の植物病虫害抑制剤をさらに５０〜１００００倍、好ましくは１００〜５０００倍、より好ましくは５００〜１０００倍に希釈することで達成してもよい。
(2-2) Other components The plant disease / insect damage inhibitor of the present invention may be added with various components, if necessary, depending on the dosage form.
For example, when used in the form of solid preparations such as powders and granules, as additives and carriers, for example, plant powders such as wood flour and corn cobs; diatomaceous earth, calcined stone, gypsum, talc, zeolite, Mineral fine powders such as bentonite, pyrophyllite and clay; organic and inorganic compounds such as potassium chloride, urea and mirabilite can be used.
In the case of an aqueous solvent and powder, for example, an extender such as talc, bentonite, and clay, an auxiliary agent, and a spreading agent may be mixed. These extenders and adjuvants are added in an amount of 10 to 90% by mass, preferably 20 to 80% by mass, based on the choline silicate contained. The spreading agent is added in an amount of 0.1 to 1% by mass, preferably 0.2 to 0.4% by mass, based on the choline silicate contained. In addition, when applying these extenders and adjuvants, they may be diluted with water in advance.
Examples of the spreading agent include Tween 20 (manufacturer: Kao), Ayer and Kansho spreading powder (manufacturer: Agro Kanesho Co., Ltd.).
In addition, a pH adjuster, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, tripotassium phosphate and the like may be added. The addition amount depends on the component to be added, but is 0.1 to 1% by mass, preferably 0.2 to 0.5% by mass. The pH adjuster is added in an amount of 0.5 to 5% by mass, preferably 1 to 2.5% by mass, based on the choline silicate contained.
Furthermore, the plant pest damage inhibitor of the present invention may contain other fertilizer components such as dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and choline phosphate. Moreover, it is also possible to mix with sodium silicate and potassium silicate to such an extent that the characteristics of the plant pest damage inhibitor of the present invention are not lost.
(2-3) Properties of plant disease control agent When the plant disease control agent of the present invention is a solution, its pH is suitably 11 to 12.5, preferably 11.5 to 12. In addition, the specific gravity at 25 ° C. of the solution of the plant disease control agent of the present invention is 1.10 to 1.25, preferably 1.17 to 1.20. Further, the concentration, pH, and specific gravity of the above choline silicate and the like are achieved by further diluting the plant disease and insecticide inhibitor of the present invention by 50 to 10,000 times, preferably 100 to 5000 times, more preferably 500 to 1000 times at the time of application. May be.
(2-4) ケイ酸コリンの施用時期と施用量
本発明の植物病虫害抑制剤の施用時期は、施用しようとする栽培植物の種類や地帯などによって変動し得るが、例えば、いちご、キュウリ、メロン等の果菜類の場合には、一般に、落花直後、好ましくは、幼果期から収穫期までの間が好適である。水稲の場合は、育苗期または幼穂形成期に施用することが好ましい。
本発明の植物病虫害抑制剤は、植物が栽培されている土壌、植物の葉面、茎、果実等に施用・散布される。散布方法は、例えば、植物病虫害抑制剤が液剤や水溶剤であればスプレーなどで噴霧する方法があり、粒剤及び粉剤であれば土壌等に直接散布する方法がある。
本発明の植物病虫害抑制剤の１回の施用量は、製剤の種類、対象栽培植物の種類及び施用目的などによって異なり得るが、施用される土壌（栽培面積）１０アール当たり、ＳｉＯ2換算で、通常、２５ｇ〜５０ｋｇ、好ましくは、５０ｇ〜２０ｋｇ、より好ましくは、５０ｇ〜１ｋｇであることが適当である。具体的には、ＳｉＯ2換算で、かんきつ類：１３２ｇ、りんご：１０５．６ｇ、梨・柿・桃：７９．２ｇ、茶：５２．８ｇ、路地野菜：２６．４ｇ、施設野菜５２．８ｇ程度（いずれも、１／３〜３倍量、好ましくは１／２〜２倍量で変動可）が適当である。施用される土壌（栽培面積）１０アールの栽培密度は、各種栽培植物において一般的に栽培される密度とする。例えば、植物がおうとうやカキなどの樹木の場合、１０アール当たり５〜５０本、好ましくは１０〜４０本、より好ましくは２０〜３０本植えられていることが適当である。
上記１回の施用量は、栽培期間中に１回のみ施用しても良いし、２〜３０日おきに複数回施用してもよい。通常、施用に際しては、ケイ酸コリン濃度が全体に対して０．０１〜０．２質量％、好ましくは０．０２〜０．１質量％となるように、例えば水のような溶媒で希釈することが好ましい。例えば、ケイ酸濃度２０．５質量％のケイ酸コリン水溶液を原液として使用する場合、これを水で１００〜２５００倍、好ましくは５００〜１０００倍(質量比)に希釈することが好適である。
本発明の植物の病虫害抑制剤は、土壌に施用した場合、ケイ酸カリウムに比べ、土壌が長期間高ｐＨに維持されることなく、速やかにｐＨが低下する特徴がある。これは、コリンが微生物分解を受けやすく、土壌に施用後３〜７日で急速に分解され、アルカリ性が弱められるためである。一方、従来のケイ酸カリウムの場合、土壌が高ｐＨのまま維持され、マンガン、ほう素、鉄などの水に対する溶解性を減じ、作物におけるこれらマンガン、ほう素、鉄など元素の欠乏症を助長する結果となる。
(2-4) Application time and application amount of choline silicate The application time of the plant disease / pest damage inhibitor of the present invention may vary depending on the type and area of the cultivated plant to be applied. For example, strawberry, cucumber, melon In the case of fruits and vegetables such as the above, generally, it is suitable immediately after declining, preferably from the juvenile period to the harvest period. In the case of paddy rice, it is preferably applied during the seedling raising stage or the young panicle formation stage.
The plant disease and insecticide suppressant of the present invention is applied and sprayed on soil where plants are cultivated, plant leaves, stems, fruits and the like. As a spraying method, for example, there is a method of spraying with a spray or the like if the plant pest damage inhibitor is a solution or an aqueous solvent, and there is a method of spraying directly on the soil or the like if it is a granule or powder.
The single application amount of the plant pest damage inhibitor of the present invention may vary depending on the type of the preparation, the type of the target cultivated plant, the application purpose, etc., but per 10 ares of soil (cultivation area) to be applied, in terms of SiO 2 , Usually, 25 g to 50 kg, preferably 50 g to 20 kg, more preferably 50 g to 1 kg is appropriate. Specifically, in terms of SiO 2 , citrus fruits: 132 g, apples: 105.6 g, pears, strawberries, peaches: 79.2 g, tea: 52.8 g, alley vegetables: 26.4 g, facility vegetables, about 52.8 g ( In any case, the amount can be varied by 1/3 to 3 times, preferably 1/2 to 2 times). The cultivation density of the applied soil (cultivation area) 10 are assumed to be a density that is generally cultivated in various cultivated plants. For example, in the case of a tree such as peas or oysters, it is appropriate to plant 5 to 50, preferably 10 to 40, more preferably 20 to 30 per 10 ares.
The single application amount may be applied only once during the cultivation period, or may be applied multiple times every 2 to 30 days. Usually, at the time of application, it is diluted with a solvent such as water so that the choline silicate concentration becomes 0.01 to 0.2% by mass, preferably 0.02 to 0.1% by mass with respect to the whole. It is preferable. For example, when an aqueous choline silicate solution having a silicic acid concentration of 20.5% by mass is used as a stock solution, it is preferably diluted 100 to 2500 times, preferably 500 to 1000 times (mass ratio) with water.
When applied to soil, the plant disease control agent of the present invention is characterized in that the pH is quickly lowered without maintaining the soil at a high pH for a long period of time compared to potassium silicate. This is because choline is prone to microbial degradation, rapidly decomposing 3 to 7 days after application to the soil, and alkalinity is weakened. On the other hand, in the case of conventional potassium silicate, the soil is maintained at a high pH, reducing the solubility of manganese, boron, iron and other water in water, and promoting deficiencies of these elements such as manganese, boron and iron in crops. Result.
(３) 植物の病虫害
(3-1)植物
本発明の病虫害抑制剤が対象とする植物としては、イネ、ムギ、リンゴ、イチゴ、メロン、すいか、トマト、おうとう、カンキツ類、ナシ、ブドウ、カキ、ナス、アブラナ科野菜、ネギ、ダイズ、インゲン、ラッカセイ、エンドウ、ジャガイモ、イチゴ、タバコ、テンサイ等の農作物、バラ、キク、シクラメン、ランなどの園芸作物、芝生、い草などの植物が挙げられる。
(3-2)病虫害
ここで「病虫害抑制剤」の語は、植物の健全な生育を妨げる病気及び虫の被害を減少させる剤を意味する。具体的に、「病虫害抑制剤」としては、植物保護用等の防菌・防カビ剤、防虫剤、防ダニ剤が挙げられる。
ここで、病虫害としては、以下に限定されるものではないが、真菌門（Eumycota）、変形菌門（Myxomycota）、細菌門（Bacteriomycota）、放線菌門（Actinomycota）等の菌類並びにカビ類による被害；及び、農業上の有害生物等の害虫による被害が挙げられる。
特に、病原菌が植物の茎葉部等の表皮から進入し発病する、イネいもち病、もんがれ病、ごまはがれ病、小粒菌核病、ムギうどんこ病、ブドウうどんこ病、キュウリうどんこ病、バラうどんこ病、つるわれ病、褐斑病等があげられる。また、水稲害虫であるニカメイチュウ、ウンカ・ヨコバエ類の食害を軽減する効果がある。このような食害軽減効果は、水稲がケイ酸を吸収することによって、葉身や籾殻の表面に集積してケイ質化し、物理的に強固になり害虫の被害を受けにくくしていることに起因するものと考えられる。
(3) Plant pest damage
(3-1) Plants Plants targeted by the pest control agent of the present invention include rice, wheat, apple, strawberry, melon, watermelon, tomato, peanut, citrus, pear, grape, oyster, eggplant, cruciferous vegetable Crops such as leek, soybeans, green beans, peanuts, peas, potatoes, strawberries, tobacco, sugar beet, horticultural crops such as roses, chrysanthemum, cyclamen, orchids, and plants such as lawns and grasses.
(3-2) Disease and Pest Damage The term “pest and disease control agent” here means an agent that reduces the damage of diseases and insects that hinder the healthy growth of plants. Specific examples of the “pest and disease damage inhibitor” include antibacterial and antifungal agents for protecting plants, insect repellents, and acaricides.
Here, pest damage is not limited to the following, but damage caused by fungi and fungi such as Eumycota, Myxomycota, Bacteriomycota, Actinomycota, etc. And damage caused by pests such as agricultural pests.
In particular, the pathogenic bacteria enter from the epidermis of plant stems and leaves, etc. to cause disease, rice blast disease, peach potato disease, sesame potato disease, microtubule nuclear disease, wheat powdery mildew, grape powdery mildew, cucumber powdery mildew, Examples include rose powdery mildew, vinegarden disease, and brown spot disease. In addition, it has the effect of reducing the food damage of rice pests such as Nikameichu and Unka-fly. This reduction in food damage is due to the fact that paddy rice absorbs silicic acid and accumulates on the surface of leaf blades and rice husks to make it siliceous and physically harder and less susceptible to pest damage. It is thought to do.
(3-2-1) 菌類並びにカビ類
菌類並びにカビ類としては、例えば、以下の真菌門（Eumycota）、変形菌門（Myxomycota）、細菌門（Bacteriomycota）、放線菌門（Actinomycota）等の菌類並びにカビ類が挙げられる。
イネのいもち病(Pyricularia oryzae)、ごま葉枯病(Cochliobolus miyabeanus)、紋枯病(Rizoctonia solani)等；ムギ類のうどんこ病(Erysiphe graminis)、赤かび病(Gibberella zeae)、(赤)さび病(Puccinia striiformis, P.graminis, P. recondita, P. hordei)、雪腐病(Typhula sp. , Micronectriella nivalis)、裸黒穂病(Ustilago tritici, U. nuda)、なまぐさ黒穂病(Tilletia caries)、眼紋病(Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides)、雲形病(Rhynchosporium secalis)、葉枯病(Septoria tritici)、ふ枯病(Leptosphaeria nodorum)、網斑病(Pyrenophora teres)、ひょうもん病(Helminthosporium zonatum Ikata)等；カンキツ類の黒点病(Diaporthe citri)、そうか病(Elsinoe fawcetti)、果実腐敗病(Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum)、褐色腐敗病(Phytophthora citrophthora,, P. nicotianae)、黒星病(Phyllostictina citricarpa) かいよう病(Xanthomonas citri)等；リンゴのモニリア病(Monilinia mali)、腐らん病(Valsa mali)、うどんこ病(Podosphaera leucotricha)、斑点落葉病(Alternaria mali)、黒星病(Venturia inaequalis)、黒点病(Mycospherella pomi)、炭そ病(Colletotrichum acutatum)、輪紋病(Botryosphaeria berengeriana)、赤星病(Gymnosporangium yamadae)、灰星病(Monilinia fructicola)等；ナシの黒星病(Venturia nashicola, V. pirina)、黒斑病(Alternaria kikuchiana)、赤星病(Gymnosporangium haraeanum)、灰星病(Monilinia fructigena)等；モモの灰星病(Monilinia fructicola)、黒星病(Cladosporium carpophilum)、フォモプシス腐敗病(Phomopsis sp. )等；ブドウの黒とう病(Elinoe ampelina)、晩腐病(Colletotrichum acutatum)、うどんこ病(Uncinula necator)、さび病(Phakopsora ampelopsidis)、ブラックロット病(Guignardia bidwellii)、べと病(Plasmopara viticola)、灰星病(Monilinia fructigena)、黒星病(Cladosporium viticolum)、灰色かび病(Botrytis cinerea)等；カキの炭そ病(Gloeosporium kaki)、落葉病(Cercospora kaki, Mycoshaerella nawae)等；ウリ類の炭そ病(Colletotrichum lagenarium)、うどんこ病(Sphaerotheca fuliginea, Oidiopsis taurica)、つる枯病(Didymella bryoniae)、つる割病(Fusarium oxysporum)、べと病(Pseudoperonospora cubensis)、疫病(Phytophthora sp. )、苗立枯病(Pythium sp. )等；トマトの輪紋病(Alternaria solani)、葉かび病(Cladosporium fulvum)、疫病(Phytophthora infestans)等；ナスの褐紋病(Phomopsis vexans)、うどんこ病(Erysiphe cichoracearum)等；アブラナ科野菜の黒斑病(Alternaria japonica)、白斑病(Cercosporella brassicae) 軟腐病(Erwinia carotovora)等；ネギのさび病(Puccinia allii)等；ダイズの紫斑病(Cercospora kikuchii)、黒とう病(Elsinoe glycines)、黒点病(Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae)等；インゲンの炭そ病(Colletotrichum lindemthianum)等；ラッカセイの黒渋病(Cercospora personata)、褐斑病(Cercospora arachidicola)等；エンドウのうどんこ病(Erysiphe pisi)等；ジャガイモの夏疫病(Alternaria solani)、疫病(Phytophthora infestans)、葉腐病菌（Rhizoctonia solani）等；イチゴのうどんこ病(Sphaerotheca humuli)等；チャの網もち病(Exobasidium reticulatum)、白星病(Elsinoe leucospila)等；タバコの赤星病(Alternaria longipes)、うどんこ病(Erysiphe cichoracearum)、炭そ病(Colletotrichum tabacum)、べと病(Peronospora tabacina)、疫病(Phytophthora nicotianae)、野火病(Pseudomonus syringae)等；テンサイの褐斑病(Cercospora beticola)、苗立枯れ病(Aphanomyces cochliodes)等；バラの黒星病(Diplocarpon rosae)、うどんこ病(Sphaerotheca pannosa)等；キクの褐斑病(Septoria chrysanthemi-indici)、白さび病(Puccinia horiana)等；種々の作物の灰色かび病(Botrytis cinerea)、菌核病 (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) 等。
(3-2-1) Fungi and molds As fungi and molds, for example, the following fungi (Eumycota), Myxomycota, Bacteriomycota, Actinomycota and other fungi And molds.
Rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae), sesame leaf blight (Cochliobolus miyabeanus), blight (Rizoctonia solani), etc .; wheat powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), red mold (Gibberella zeae), (red) rust Disease (Puccinia striiformis, P.graminis, P. recondita, P. hordei), snow rot (Typhula sp., Micronectriella nivalis), naked smut (Ustilago tritici, U. nuda), scab (Tilletia caries), Eye disease (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides), cloud disease (Rhynchosporium secalis), leaf blight (Septoria tritici), blight (Leptosphaeria nodorum), net blotch (Pyrenophora teres), and potato rot (Helminthosporium zonatum Ikata); Black spot (Diaporthe citri), common scab (Elsinoe fawcetti), fruit rot (Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum), brown rot (Phytophthora citrophthora ,, P. nicotianae), black scab (Phyllostictina citricarpa) Xanthomonas citri), etc .; Apple Monilinia mali, rot (Valsa mali), Udo Powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), spotted leaf disease (Alternaria mali), black spot disease (Venturia inaequalis), black spot disease (Mycospherella pomi), anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum), ring rot (Botryosphaeria berengeriana), red star disease (Gymnosporangium) yamadae), black spot disease (Monilinia fructicola), etc .; pear black spot disease (Venturia nashicola, V. pirina), black spot disease (Alternaria kikuchiana), red star disease (Gymnosporangium haraeanum), black star disease (Monilinia fructigena), etc .; Of black rot (Monilinia fructicola), black scab (Cladosporium carpophilum), phomopsis sp. (Phomopsis sp.), Etc .; grape black rot (Elinoe ampelina), late rot (Colletotrichum acutatum), powdery mildew (Uncinula necator) ), Rust disease (Phakopsora ampelopsidis), black lot disease (Guignardia bidwellii), downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), ash star disease (Monilinia fructigena), black star disease (Cladosporium viticolum), gray mold disease (Botrytis cinerea), etc .; Anthracnose (Gloeosporium kaki), Deciduous leaf disease (Cercospora kaki, Mycosh) aerella nawae), etc .; Colletotrichum lagenarium, powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea, Oidiopsis taurica), vine blight (Didymella bryoniae), vine split (Fusarium oxysporum), downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cuben) , Plague (Phytophthora sp.), Seedling blight (Pythium sp.), Etc .; ring tomato disease (Alternaria solani), leaf mold (Cladosporium fulvum), plague (Phytophthora infestans), etc .; Phomopsis vexans), powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum), etc .; Brassicaceae vegetable black spot disease (Alternaria japonica), white spot disease (Cercosporella brassicae) soft rot disease (Erwinia carotovora), etc .; leek rust disease (Puccinia allii), etc .; soybean Purpura (Cercospora kikuchii), black scab (Elsinoe glycines), black spot (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. Sojae), etc .; beans anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemthianum), etc .; groundnut black rot (Cercospora personata), brown spots Disease (Cercospora arachidicola) etc .; Pea powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) etc .; Potato summer plague (Alternaria solani), plague (Phytophthora infestans), leaf rot fungus (Rhizoctonia solani), etc .; Strawberry powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca humuli), etc .; Cha net rot (Exobasidium reticulatum), white scab (Elsinoe leucospila) ) Etc .; tobacco red star disease (Alternaria longipes), powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum), anthracnose (Colletotrichum tabacum), downy mildew (Peronospora tabacina), plague (Phytophthora nicotianae), wildfire (Pseudomonus syringae), etc .; Sugar beet brown spot (Cercospora beticola), seedling blight (Aphanomyces cochliodes), rose black spot (Diplocarpon rosae), powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa), etc .; chrysanthemum spot (Septoria chrysanthemi-indici), White rust (Puccinia horiana), etc .; Gray fungus (Botrytis cinerea) of various crops, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, etc.
(3-2-2)害虫
本発明の病虫害抑制剤は、農業上の有害生物、衛生害虫、貯穀害虫、衣類害虫、家屋害虫等の害虫の防除・抑制に使用できる。害虫の代表例として以下のものが挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
鱗翅目害虫；例えば、ハスモンヨトウ(Spodoptera litura)、ヨトウガ(Mamestra brassicae)、タマナヤガ(Agrotis ipsilon)、アワヨトウ(Pseudaletia separata)、イラクサキンウワバ(Trichoplusia ni)、コナガ(Plutella xylostella)、チャノコカクモンハマキ(Adoxophyes sp.)、チャハマキ(Homona magnamia)、モモシンクイガ(Carposina niponensis)、ナシヒメシンクイ(Grapholita molesta)、ミカンハモグリガ(Phyllocnistis citrella)、チャノホソガ(Caloptilia theivora)、キンモンホソガ(Phyllonorycter ringoneella)、マイマイガ(Lymantria dispar japonica)、チャドクガ(Euproctis pseudoconspersa)、ニカメイガ(Chilo suppresalis)、コブノメイガ(Conaphalocrocis medinalis)、アメリカシロヒトリ(Hyphantria cunea)、ハイマダラノメイガ(Hellula undalis)、ヘリオティス(Heliothis)属、ヘリコベルパ(Helicoverpa)属、アグロティス(Agrotis)属、イガ(Tiena translucens)、コドリンガ(Laspeyresia pomonella)、ワタアカミムシ(Pectinophora gossypiella)等。
半翅目害虫；例えば、モモアカアブラムシ(Myzus persicae)、ワタアブラムシ(Aphis gossyppi)、ニセダイコンアブラムシ(Lipaphis erysimi)、ムギクビレアブラムシ(Rhopalosiphum padi)、ホソヘリカメムシ(Riptortus clavatus)、ミナミアオカメムシ(Nezara viridula)、ヤノネカイガラムシ(Unaspis yanonensis)、クワコナカイガラムシ(Pseudococcus comstocki)、オンシツコナジラミ(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)、タバココナジラミ(Bemisia tabaci)、ナシキジラミ(Psylla pyrisuga)、ナシグンバイムシ(Stephanitis nashi)、トビイロウンカ(Nilaparvata lugens)、ヒメトビウンカ(Laodelphax striatellus)、セジロウンカ(Sogatella furcifera)、ツマグロヨコバイ(Nephotetix cincticeps)等。
(3-2-2) Pest The pest control agent of the present invention can be used to control and control pests such as agricultural pests, hygiene pests, stored grain pests, clothing pests and house pests. Although the following are mentioned as a typical example of a pest, it is not limited to these.
Lepidopterous pests; for example, Spodoptera litura, Mamestra brassicae, Agrotis ipsilon, Pseudaletia separata, Trichoplusia ni, Plutella xylostella, Plutella xylostella sp. Euproctis pseudoconspersa, Chilo suppresalis, Conaphalocrocis medinalis, Hyphantria cunea, Hellula undalis, Heliothis, Helicoverpa gro, Agrotis, Grotis (Tiena translucens), Kodri Nga (Laspeyresia pomonella), cotton beetle (Pectinophora gossypiella) and the like.
Hemiptera: Pseudopod aphids (Myzus persicae), cotton aphids (Aphis gossyppi), black-headed aphids (Lipaphis erysimi), barley beetles (Rhopalosiphum padi), horned beetles (Riptortus clavatus) Nezara viridula), Alaska scales (Unaspis yanonensis), Staghorn scales (Pseudococcus comstocki), Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), Tobacco whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), Psylla pyrisuga, nashi Stephani, nashi ), Brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus), white-tailed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera), leafhopper (Nephotetix cincticeps) and the like.
鞘翅目害虫；例えば、コーンルートワーム(Diabrotica sp.)、ウリハムシ(Aulacophora femoralis)、コロラドハムシ(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)、イネミズゾウムシ(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)、コクゾウムシ(Sitophilus zeamais)、アズキゾウムシ(Callosobruchus chinensis)、マメコガネ(Popillia japonica)、ヒメコガネ(Anomala rufocuprea)、タバコシバンムシ(Lasioderma serricorne)、ヒラタキクイムシ(Lyctus brunneus)、マツノマダラカミキリ(Monochamus alternatus)、ゴマダラカミキリ(Anoplophora malasiaca)、アグリオティス(Agriotes)属、ニジュウヤホシテントウ(Henoscepilachna vigintioctopunctata)、コクヌスト(Tenebroides mauritanicus)、ワタミゾウムシ(Anthonomus grandis)等。
双翅目害虫；例えば、イエバエ(Musca domestica)、チチュウカイミバエ(Ceratitis capitata)、ウリミバエ(Dacus cucurbitae)、ミカンコミバエ(Dacus dorsalis)、タネバエ(Hylemya platura)、イネハモグリバエ(Hydrellia griseola)、マメハモグリバエ(Liriomyza trifolii)、オウトウショウジョウバエ(Drosophila suzukii)、サシバエ(Stomoxys sp.)、コガタアカイエカ(Culex tritaeniorhynchus)、ネッタイシマカ(Aedes aegypti)、シナハマダラカ(Anopheles slnensis)等。
総翅目害虫；例えば、ミナミキイロアザミウマ(Thrips palmi)、チャノキイロアザミウマ(Scirtothrips dorsalis)、クロトンアザミウマ(Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis)、ミカンキイロアザミウマ(Frankliniella occidentalis)等。
膜翅目害虫；例えば、ミカドオオアリ(Camponotus kiusiuensis)、キイロスズメバチ(Vespa simillima xanthoptera)、カブラハバチ(Athalia rasaejaponensis)等。
Coleoptera: For example, corn root worm (Diabrotica sp.), Cucumber beetle (Aulacophora femoralis), Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), rice weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus), weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), callo bruzo japonica, Anomala rufocuprea, Tobacco beetle (Lasioderma serricorne), Lyctus brunneus, Monochamus alternatus, Anoplophora malasiaca, Agripl vigintioctopunctata), coconut (Tenebroides mauritanicus), cotton weevil (Anthonomus grandis), etc.
Diptera: Musca domestica, Ceratitis capitata, Dacus cucurbitae, Dacus dorsalis, Hylemya platura, Lily flies Drosophila suzukii, Stomoxys sp., Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes aegypti, Anopheles slnensis and the like.
Common pests; for example, Thrips palmi, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Croton thrips (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis), Frankliniella occidentalis, etc.
Hymenopteran pests; for example, Camponotus kiusiuensis, Vespa simillima xanthoptera, Athalia rasaejaponensis, etc.
シラミ目害虫；例えば、コロモジラミ(Pediculs humanus corporis)、ケジラミ(Pthirus pubis)等。
ダニ類；例えば、ナミハダニ(Tetranychus ulticae)、カンザワハダニ(Tetranychus kannzawai)、ミカンハダニ(Panonychus citri)、リンゴハダニ(Panonychus ulmi)、ミカンサビダニ(Phyllocoptruta oleivora)、リンゴサビダニ(Aculus schlechtendali)、チャノホコリダニ(Polyphagotarsonemus latus)、ブレビパルパス(Brevipalpus)属、エオテトラニカス(Eotetranycus)属、ロビンネダニ(Rhizoglyphus robini)、ケナガコナダニ(Tyrophagus putrescentiae)、オウシマダニ(Boophilis microplus)、フタトゲチマダニ(Haemaphysalis longicornis)等。
その他、既存の害虫・ダニ防除剤に対し抵抗性を有する各種害虫にも有効である。
Lice pests; for example, Pediculs humanus corporis, Pthirus pubis, etc.
Tick; for example, Tick spider mite (Tetranychus ulticae), Kantawa spider mite (Tetranychus kannzawai), Scarlet spider mite (Panonychus ulmi), Ripe spider mite (Phyllocoptruta oleivora), Rust spider mite (Aculus schlech (Brevipalpus), Eotetranycus, Rhizoglyphus robini, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Boophilis microplus, Haemaphysalis longicornis and the like.
In addition, it is also effective for various pests having resistance to existing pests and mite control agents.
特に本発明の植物病虫害抑制剤は、トマト疫病、コムギ赤さび病、オオムギうどんこ病、キュウリべと病、キュウリ及びインゲンマメ灰色かび病、インゲンマメ葉腐病等の菌類並びにカビ類に有用である。特に、トマトやキュウリのうどんこ病に有用である。
なお、本発明の有害生物防除剤は、有用作物であるイネ、コムギ、オオムギ、ソルゴー、ラッカセイ、トウモロコシ、ダイズ、ビート、ワタ、リンゴ、ナシ、ミカン、ブドウ、メロン、すいか、トマト、おうとう等に対して高い安全性を有している。
In particular, the plant disease control agent of the present invention is useful for fungi such as tomato plague, wheat red rust, barley powdery mildew, cucumber downy mildew, cucumber and kidney bean gray mold, kidney bean leaf rot, and other fungi. Especially useful for powdery mildew of tomato and cucumber.
The pest control agents of the present invention are useful crops such as rice, wheat, barley, solgo, peanut, corn, soybean, beet, cotton, apple, pear, mandarin, grape, melon, watermelon, tomato, peas, etc. Has high safety.
以下において、本発明の植物の病虫害抑制剤及びその使用方法について、実施例及び試験例を参照しながら、更に詳細に説明するが、本発明の範囲は、これらの実施例及び試験例によって何ら限定されるものではない。 In the following, the plant pest damage inhibitor of the present invention and the method of using the same will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Test Examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by these Examples and Test Examples. Is not to be done.
（実施例１）
５００ｍｌナスフラスコに、粒状のケイ酸ゲル（富士シリシア株式会社製、ウォーターシリカ、肥料登録番号生第83676号、シリカヒドロゲル肥料(平成１７年３月９日施行「肥料取締法に基づき普通肥料の工程規格を定める等の件」参照)、可溶性ケイ酸１７．０％以上、全質量に対する水分含有量７９．５質量％）１０８．２ｇ（ＳｉＯ2換算で０．３７０モル）と、全質量に対するコリン含有量が４８質量％のコリン水溶液４３．８ｇ（コリンは０．１７４モル含有）を加えた。このナスフラスコを、窒素ガスを１００ｍｌ／分の量で流しながら、オイルバス上で、８０℃約３０分間加熱した。これによって、８０質量％以上の固体状のケイ酸ゲルが融解して半液状となり、ナスフラスコ中の攪拌が可能な状態となった。その後、マグネットスタラーでナスフラスコ内を攪拌しながら、さらに３．５時間加熱を続け、固体状のケイ酸ゲルが完全に融解した薄黄色液状物を得た。ついで、ロータリーエバボレータで濃縮し、水を３３．６ｇ加えて全量を１００ｇ(８４．０ｍｌ)に調整し、式ｍ(ＣＨ3)3Ｎ(Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ)・ｎＳｉＯ2(ｎ／ｍ＝２．１７)で示されるケイ酸コリン濃度が、ケイ酸コリン水溶液全体の質量に対して４４．９質量％(ケイ酸濃度換算で２２．２質量％、コリン濃度換算で２２．７質量％)のケイ酸コリン水溶液を得た（ｐＨ１１．６、２５℃での比重１．１９）。
Example 1
In a 500 ml eggplant flask, granular silicic acid gel (manufactured by Fuji Silysia Co., Ltd., water silica, fertilizer registration number raw No. 83676, silica hydrogel fertilizer (enforced March 9, 2005 matter "reference such as determining the standard), soluble silicate 17.0 percent or more, the water content relative to the total weight 79.5 weight%) 108.2 g (0.370 mole in terms of SiO 2), choline to total weight 43.8 g of an aqueous choline solution having a content of 48% by mass (containing 0.174 mol of choline) was added. The eggplant flask was heated on an oil bath at 80 ° C. for about 30 minutes while flowing nitrogen gas at a rate of 100 ml / min. As a result, 80% by mass or more of the solid silicate gel melted and became semi-liquid, and stirring in the eggplant flask was possible. Thereafter, heating was continued for another 3.5 hours while stirring the eggplant flask with a magnetic stirrer to obtain a pale yellow liquid material in which the solid silicate gel was completely melted. Then, the mixture was concentrated with a rotary evaporator, 33.6 g of water was added to adjust the total amount to 100 g (84.0 ml), and the formula m (CH 3 ) 3 N (C 2 H 4 OH) · nSiO 2 (n / m = 2.17) The choline silicate concentration represented by 2.17) is 44.9% by mass with respect to the total mass of the choline silicate aqueous solution (22.2% by mass in terms of silicate concentration, 22.7% by mass in terms of choline concentration). Was obtained (pH 11.6, specific gravity at 25 ° C. 1.19).
（実施例２）
５００ｍｌナスフラスコに、粒状のケイ酸ゲル（富士シリシア株式会社製、ウォーターシリカ、肥料登録番号生第83676号、シリカヒドロゲル肥料(平成１７年３月９日施行「肥料取締法に基づき普通肥料の工程規格を定める等の件」参照)、可溶性ケイ酸１７．０％以上、全質量に対する水分含有量７８．９質量％）９７．２ｇ（ＳｉＯ2換算で０．３４１モル）と、全質量に対するコリン含有量が４８質量％のコリン水溶液３６．８ｇ（コリンは０．１４６モル含有）を加えた。このナスフラスコを、窒素ガスを１００ｍｌ／分の量で流しながら、オイルバス上で、９０℃約３０分間加熱した。これによって、８０質量％以上の固体状のケイ酸ゲルが融解して半液状となり、ナスフラスコ中の攪拌が可能な状態となった。その後、マグネットスタラーでナスフラスコ内を攪拌しながら、さらに３．５時間加熱を続け、固体状のケイ酸ゲルが完全に融解した薄黄色液状物を得た。ついで、ロータリーエバボレータで濃縮し、水を１０ｇ加えて全量を１００ｇ(８４．７ｍｌ)に調整し、式ｍ(ＣＨ3)3Ｎ(Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ)・ｎＳｉＯ2(ｎ／ｍ＝２．３４)で示されるケイ酸コリン濃度が、ケイ酸コリン水溶液全体の質量に対して３８．２質量％(ケイ酸濃度換算で２０．５質量％、コリン濃度換算で１７．７質量％)のケイ酸コリン水溶液を得た（ｐＨ１１．７、２５℃での比重１．１８）。
(Example 2)
In a 500 ml eggplant flask, granular silicic acid gel (manufactured by Fuji Silysia Co., Ltd., water silica, fertilizer registration number raw No. 83676, silica hydrogel fertilizer (enforced March 9, 2005 Standards ”), soluble silicic acid 17.0% or more, water content 78.9% by mass with respect to the total mass) 97.2 g (0.341 mol in terms of SiO 2 ), choline with respect to the total mass 36.8 g of an aqueous choline solution having a content of 48% by mass (containing 0.146 mol of choline) was added. The eggplant flask was heated on an oil bath at 90 ° C. for about 30 minutes while flowing nitrogen gas at a rate of 100 ml / min. As a result, 80% by mass or more of the solid silicate gel melted and became semi-liquid, and stirring in the eggplant flask was possible. Thereafter, heating was continued for another 3.5 hours while stirring the eggplant flask with a magnetic stirrer to obtain a pale yellow liquid material in which the solid silicate gel was completely melted. Subsequently, the mixture was concentrated with a rotary evaporator, 10 g of water was added to adjust the total amount to 100 g (84.7 ml), and the formula m (CH 3 ) 3 N (C 2 H 4 OH) · nSiO 2 (n / m = 2. 34) with a choline silicate concentration of 38.2% by mass (20.5% by mass in terms of silicate concentration and 17.7% by mass in terms of choline concentration) based on the total mass of the choline silicate aqueous solution. An aqueous choline acid solution was obtained (pH: 11.7, specific gravity at 25 ° C .: 1.18).
（試験例１）
ケイ酸コリンによるトマトうどんこ病および薬害試験
試験に先立ち、実施例２で製造したケイ酸コリン水溶液１ｍｌをとり、水を加えて全量を５００ｍｌとし、容量比で５００倍に希釈した。この希釈液５００ｍｌに、展着剤としてのＴｗｅｅｎ２０(製造元：花王)を０．１ｍｌ添加し（希釈液に対して展着剤を５０００倍(容量比)に希釈）、薬剤を準備した。ここで、上記５００倍に希釈したケイ酸コリン水溶液を薬剤１とした(ケイ酸コリン濃度：薬剤１の全体質量に対して０．０９０質量％)。
比較薬剤として、うどんこ病用の農薬として公知であるモレスタン(製造元：アグロカネショウ株式会社)を２０００倍(質量比)の水で希釈した希釈液５００ｍｌに、展着剤としてのＴｗｅｅｎ２０を０．１ｍｌ添加し（希釈液に対して展着剤を５０００倍(容量比)に希釈）、比較薬剤１を得た(モレスタン濃度：比較薬剤１の全体質量に対して０．０５質量％)。
ガラス温室内でトマト（品種：大型福寿）を１株／ポット(ポットは２１０ｍｌ円筒型プラスチックカップ)を１区画(約０．０１ｍ2)として２４区画栽培した。３葉期に達した日(１１月３０日)を基準日とし、基準日より３日おきに、基準日(１１月３０日)、３日後(１２月３日)、６日後(１２月６日)、９日後(１２月日日)の合計４回、上記薬剤１及び比較薬剤１を、それぞれ６区画ずつに対して葉面から薬剤がしたたり落ちる程度まで（表面散布の限界量；１区画当たり各薬剤を約２〜３ｍｌ）散布した(薬剤１の場合、ＳｉＯ2換算で９８．２〜１４７．３ｇ／１０ａ)。残りの６区画は、薬剤を施用しない無処理区として栽培した。また、基準日から４日後(１２月４日)に、うどんこ病胞子をうどん粉病に羅病した別のトマト株より入手して葉面にふりかけた。
基準日から１３日経過後(１２月１３日)に、トマトの葉の３葉を対象として、葉の発病の有無を調査し(調査葉)、発病した葉の面積(発病葉面積)から発病度を算出した。発病度は、
［発病度(％)］＝［発病葉面積(ｃｍ2)］／［調査葉全面積(ｃｍ2)］×１００
から算出した。
また、防除価は、発病の確率を示す指針であり、防除価が１００であれば１００％発病を防除していることになる。具体的に、防除価は、
[防除価]＝｛１−（処理区の発病度）／（無処理の発病度）｝×１００
から算出した。
発病度及び防除価は各区画ごとに算出し、同一薬剤を散布した６区画の平均値を採用した。
さらに、トマトの葉に対する薬害は、葉先のネクロシスの有無及び葉巻症状の有無を肉眼で観察することによって評価した。
これらの結果を表１に示す。
(Test Example 1)
Tomato powdery mildew and phytotoxicity test with choline silicate Prior to the test, 1 ml of the choline silicate aqueous solution produced in Example 2 was taken, water was added to make the total volume 500 ml, and the volume ratio was diluted 500 times. To 500 ml of this diluted solution, 0.1 ml of Tween 20 (manufacturer: Kao) as a spreading agent was added (the spreading agent was diluted 5000 times (volume ratio) with respect to the diluted solution) to prepare a drug. Here, the above-mentioned choline silicate aqueous solution diluted 500 times was used as the drug 1 (choline silicate concentration: 0.090% by mass with respect to the total mass of the drug 1).
As comparative drugs, 500 ml of a diluted solution of Morestan (manufacturer: Agrokanesho Co., Ltd.), which is known as an agrochemical for powdery mildew, with 2000 times (mass ratio) water, 0.1 ml of Tween 20 as a spreading agent Addition (diluted spreader 5000 times (volume ratio) with respect to the diluted solution) to obtain comparative drug 1 (morestan concentration: 0.05% by mass with respect to the total mass of comparative drug 1).
In a glass greenhouse, 24 tomatoes (cultivar: large-scale Fushou) were cultivated in 24 compartments with 1 strain / pot (pot is 210 ml cylindrical plastic cup) as 1 compartment (about 0.01 m 2 ). The date of reaching the third leaf stage (November 30) is the base date, and every three days from the base date, the base date (November 30), 3 days (December 3), 6 days (December 6) Day), 9 days later (December day), a total of 4 times, each of the above-mentioned medicine 1 and comparative medicine 1 to the extent that the medicine is dripped or dropped from the foliage to 6 sections each (limit amount of surface spraying; 1 About 2-3 ml of each medicine per compartment was sprayed (in the case of medicine 1, 98.2 to 147.3 g / 10a in terms of SiO 2 ). The remaining 6 sections were cultivated as untreated sections where no drug was applied. Further, 4 days after the reference date (December 4th), powdery mildew spores were obtained from another tomato strain suffering from powdery mildew and sprinkled on the leaves.
After 13 days from the reference date (December 13), we investigated the presence or absence of leaf disease in 3 tomato leaves (survey leaf), and determined the disease severity from the area of the diseased leaf (onset leaf area). Was calculated. The severity is
[Degree of disease occurrence (%)] = [Path area of diseased leaf (cm 2 )] / [Total area of investigated leaf (cm 2 )] × 100
Calculated from
The control value is a guideline indicating the probability of disease occurrence. If the control value is 100, 100% disease control is achieved. Specifically, the control value is
[Control value] = {1− (Disease level of treatment area) / (Disease level of no treatment)} × 100
Calculated from
Disease severity and control value were calculated for each compartment, and the average value of 6 compartments sprayed with the same drug was adopted.
Furthermore, the phytotoxicity on tomato leaves was evaluated by observing with naked eyes the presence or absence of necrosis at the leaf tips and the presence or absence of cigar symptoms.
These results are shown in Table 1.
表１ トマトのうどんこ病に対する効果
（試験例２）
ケイ酸コリンによるキュウリうどんこ病に対する効果試験
試験に先立ち、展着剤としてアイヤー(製造元：アグロカネショウ株式会社)を使用した以外は、薬剤１と同様にしてケイ酸コリンを含有する薬剤２(５００倍希釈)を準備した。
また、比較薬剤２として、ケイ酸コリン水溶液の代わりに式Ｋ2Ｏ・ｎＳｉＯ2（ｎ＝３．９２）で示されるケイ酸カリウム濃度が、ケイ酸カリウム水溶液全体の質量に対して２８質量％(ケイ酸濃度換算で２０質量％、Ｋ2Ｏ濃度換算で８質量％)のケイ酸カリウム水溶液を使用した以外は、薬剤１と同様にしてケイ酸カリウムを含有する比較薬剤２(５００倍希釈)を準備した(ケイ酸カリウム濃度：比較薬剤２の全体質量に対して０．０５６質量％)。
さらに、比較薬剤３として、うどんこ病用の農薬として公知であるトリフミン水溶剤(製造元：日本曹達(株))を３０００倍(容量比)の水で希釈した希釈液５００ｍｌに、展着剤としてアイヤーを５０００倍(容量比)の水で希釈したものを０．１ｍｌ添加し、比較薬剤３を得た(トリフミン濃度：比較薬剤３の全体質量に対して０．０３３質量％)。
ガラス温室内でキュウリ（品種：相模半白節成）を１株／ポット(ポットは２１０ｍｌ円筒型プラスチックカップ)を１区画(０．０１ｍ2)として２０区画栽培した。１．５葉期に達した日(１月５日)を基準日とし、基準日より７日おきに、基準日(１月５日)、７日後(１月１２日)、１４日経過後(１月１９日)の合計３回、上記薬剤２及び比較薬剤２〜３を、それぞれ５区画ずつに対して葉面から薬剤がしたたり落ちる程度まで（葉面散布の限界量；１区画当たり各薬剤を約２〜３ｍｌ）となるように散布した(薬剤２の場合、ＳｉＯ2換算で９８．２〜１４７．３ｇ／１０ａ)。残りの５区画は、薬剤を施用しない無処理区として栽培した。
また、基準日から１５日後(１月２０日)に、うどんこ病胞子をうどん粉病に羅病した別のキュウリ株より入手して葉面にふりかけた。
基準日から２２日経過後(１月２７日)に、キュウリの葉の４葉を対象として、発病面積を調査し、試験例１と同様にして発病度及び防除価を算出し、並びに薬害を評価した。発病度及び防除価は各区画ごとに算出し、同一薬剤を散布した５区画の平均値を採用した。
これらの結果を表１に示す。
(Test Example 2)
Test for effect of choline silicate on powdery mildew of cucumber Prior to the test, drug 2 containing choline silicate (500) was used in the same manner as drug 1, except that Ayer (manufacturer: Agrokanesho Co., Ltd.) was used as a spreading agent. Double dilution) was prepared.
Further, as Comparative Agent 2, the potassium silicate concentration represented by the formula K 2 O.nSiO 2 (n = 3.92) is 28% by mass with respect to the total mass of the potassium silicate aqueous solution instead of the choline silicate aqueous solution. Comparative drug 2 containing potassium silicate (diluted 500 times) in the same manner as drug 1, except that an aqueous potassium silicate solution (20% by mass in terms of silicate concentration and 8% by mass in terms of K 2 O concentration) was used. (Potassium silicate concentration: 0.056% by mass with respect to the total mass of Comparative Agent 2).
Furthermore, as a comparative agent 3, trifmine water solvent (manufacturer: Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.), which is known as an agrochemical for powdery mildew, was diluted with 3000 times (volume ratio) water to 500 ml of a dilute solution as a spreading agent. 0.1 ml of Ayer diluted with 5000 times (volume ratio) water was added to obtain Comparative Drug 3 (Trihumin concentration: 0.033% by mass with respect to the total mass of Comparative Drug 3).
In a glass greenhouse, 20 cultivated cucumbers (variety: Sagami Hanbushi-no-sei) were cultivated in 20 sections with 1 strain / pot (pot is 210 ml cylindrical plastic cup) as 1 section (0.01 m 2 ). The day when the 1.5 leaf stage is reached (January 5) is the base date, and every seven days from the base date, the base date (January 5), seven days later (January 12), and after 14 days have passed ( (January 19) 3 times in total, the above-mentioned medicine 2 and comparative medicines 2 to 3 to the extent that the medicine is dripped or dropped from the leaf surface for each 5 compartments (the limit amount of foliar application; each per compartment) The drug was sprayed so as to be approximately 2 to 3 ml (in the case of drug 2, 98.2 to 147.3 g / 10a in terms of SiO 2 ). The remaining 5 sections were cultivated as untreated sections where no drug was applied.
Further, 15 days after the reference date (January 20), powdery mildew spores were obtained from another cucumber strain that suffered from powdery mildew and sprinkled on the leaves.
After 22 days have passed since the reference date (January 27), the disease area was investigated for 4 cucumber leaves, the disease severity and control value were calculated in the same manner as in Test Example 1, and the phytotoxicity was evaluated. did. Disease severity and control value were calculated for each compartment, and the average value of 5 compartments sprayed with the same drug was adopted.
These results are shown in Table 1.
表２ キュウリのうどんこ病に対する効果
（試験例３）
果実の軟化試験
果実の軟化試験を行うために、おうとう（品種：佐藤錦、樹齢１０から１２年生、雨よけ栽培）の樹１０ａ当たり２５本が均等に植えられている樹木を準備した。そのうち１本を薬剤施用樹木とし、もう１本を薬剤無施用樹木とした。施用した薬剤としては、ケイ酸コリン水溶液として実施例２のケイ酸コリン水溶液の代わりに実施例１のケイ酸コリン水溶液を用い、容量比５００倍に希釈する代わりに容量比で１０００倍に水で希釈した以外は、試験例１の薬剤１と同様に製造した薬剤１’を使用した。即ち、薬剤１’は、次のようにして得た。実施例１で製造したケイ酸コリン水溶液１ｍｌをとり、水を加えて全量を１０００ｍｌとし、容量比で１０００倍に希釈した。この希釈液５００ｍｌに、展着剤としてのＴｗｅｅｎ２０(製造元：花王)を０．１ｍｌ添加し（希釈液に対して展着剤を５０００倍(容量比)に希釈）、薬剤を準備した。ここで、上記１０００倍に希釈したケイ酸コリン水溶液を薬剤１’とした(ケイ酸コリン濃度：薬剤１’の全体質量に対して０．０５３質量％)。
(Test Example 3)
Fruit softening test In order to conduct a fruit softening test, a tree was prepared in which 25 trees were planted evenly per 10a of peas (variety: Nishiki Sato, 10 to 12 years old, rain-proof cultivation). Of these, one was a drug-treated tree and the other was a drug-free tree. As the applied chemical, the choline silicate aqueous solution of Example 1 was used as the choline silicate aqueous solution instead of the choline silicate aqueous solution of Example 2, and instead of diluting the volume ratio to 500 times, the volume ratio was 1000 times with water. A drug 1 ′ produced in the same manner as the drug 1 of Test Example 1 was used except for dilution. That is, Drug 1 ′ was obtained as follows. 1 ml of the choline silicate aqueous solution produced in Example 1 was taken, water was added to make a total volume of 1000 ml, and the volume ratio was diluted 1000 times. To 500 ml of this diluted solution, 0.1 ml of Tween 20 (manufacturer: Kao) as a spreading agent was added (the spreading agent was diluted 5000 times (volume ratio) with respect to the diluted solution) to prepare a drug. Here, the choline silicate aqueous solution diluted 1000 times was defined as a drug 1 '(choline silicate concentration: 0.053% by mass with respect to the total mass of the drug 1').
果実が着色初期〜着色中期となる６月１３日及び６月２０日の２回、薬剤１’を、おうとう樹１本に対し、２０Ｌ（１０アール／２５本当たり５００Ｌの割合、ＳｉＯ2換算で４．４５ｇ／本)の量で葉面に散布した。収穫期を過ぎた７月４日と７月７日に目通りの高さ(約１．５ｍ)から無作為に２０個の果実を収穫し、軟化した果実の個数（うるみ果数）を調査した。ここで、軟化したか否かの判断は、果実を半分に切り、目視により判定した。軟化した果実の発生率(軟果発生率)を、
［軟果発生率(％)］＝[軟果個数]／[調査個数]×１００
から算出した。
薬剤１’を散布しない以外は同様の別の１本のおうとう樹についても、軟化した果実の個数を調査した(無処理)。
この結果を表３に示す。
June 13 fruit is colored initial-colored medium and 2 times of June 20, drug 1 ', to cherry trees one, 20L (10 Earl / 25 ratio of 500L per this, SiO 2 in terms of And 4.45 g / tube). On July 4th and July 7th after the harvesting period, 20 fruits were randomly harvested from the expected height (about 1.5m), and the number of softened fruits (number of umami fruits) was investigated. . Here, the judgment of whether or not softening was performed by cutting the fruit in half and visually determining. The incidence of softened fruits (soft fruit incidence)
[Soft fruit incidence (%)] = [number of soft fruits] / [number of surveyed] × 100
Calculated from
The number of softened fruits was also investigated for another similar peanut tree except that the medicine 1 'was not sprayed (no treatment).
The results are shown in Table 3.
表３ 軟果発生率
（試験例４）
土壌のｐＨ値
実施例２のケイ酸コリン水溶液（ケイ酸コリン濃度：全体質量に対して３８．２質量％、ｐＨ１１．７）、比較薬剤２の製造に使用したケイ酸カリウム水溶液(ケイ酸カリウム濃度：全体質量に対して２８質量％、ｐＨ＝１１．９)をそれぞれ１０ｍｌずつ取り、純水４０ｍｌで希釈した。これらの水溶液５０ｍｌをプラスチック製のポット(寸法１０×１０×７ｃｍ)に充填した火山灰畑土壌３００ｍｌにそれぞれコマゴメピペットを用いて滴下した(それぞれ、ケイ酸コリン区及びケイ酸カルシウム区とする)。また、無処理区として純水５０ｍｌを同様の火山灰畑土壌に散布した。その後、各ポットを室温(２５℃)下に６日間放置した。土壌ｐＨは、散布直後、２日後及び６日後に、各ポットから土壌１０ｇを採取し、１００ｍｌの純水を加えて撹拌した後、ｐＨメーター(東亜ＤＫＫ(株)製、型番ＨＭ−３０Ｓ)にて測定した。
この結果を表４に示す。
(Test Example 4)
PH value of soil Choline silicate aqueous solution of Example 2 (choline silicate concentration: 38.2% by mass with respect to the total mass, pH 11.7), potassium silicate aqueous solution (potassium silicate) used for the production of Comparative Agent 2 Concentration: 10% each of 28% by mass and pH = 11.9) with respect to the total mass was diluted with 40 ml of pure water. 50 ml of these aqueous solutions were dropped onto 300 ml of volcanic ash field soil filled in plastic pots (dimensions 10 × 10 × 7 cm) using a comago pipette (choline silicate group and calcium silicate group, respectively). Moreover, 50 ml of pure water was sprayed on the same volcanic ash field soil as an untreated zone. Thereafter, each pot was left at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 6 days. Soil pH was measured immediately after spraying, 2 days and 6 days later, 10 g of soil was collected from each pot, 100 ml of pure water was added and stirred, and then the pH meter (manufactured by Toa DKK Co., Ltd., model number HM-30S) was used. Measured.
The results are shown in Table 4.
表４ 土壌ｐＨ
Claims (3)
ｍ(ＣＨ3)3Ｎ(Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ)・ｎＳｉＯ2
式中、ｎ／ｍ＝１．２〜２．５
で表される、請求項１に記載の植物病虫害抑制剤。 Choline silicate has the following formula:
m (CH 3 ) 3 N (C 2 H 4 OH) · nSiO 2
In the formula, n / m = 1.2 to 2.5
The plant pest damage inhibitor of Claim 1 represented by these.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011077151A3 (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-08-18 | Pilkington Group Limited | A hydroxy functional quaternary ammonium structure directing agent for alkali metal silicate solutions usable in fire resistant glazings |
| JP2020180107A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2020-11-05 | 有限会社グリーン化学 | Method for producing aqueous choline silicate solution |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003517989A (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2003-06-03 | アクゾ ノーベル エヌ．ブイ． | Silica based sol |
| JP2005520822A (en) * | 2002-03-20 | 2005-07-14 | バイオ・ミネラルズ・ナムローゼ・フェンノートシャップ | Choline-silicate complex containing osmolite and divalent trace elements |
-
2005
- 2005-10-19 JP JP2005304560A patent/JP2007112733A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003517989A (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2003-06-03 | アクゾ ノーベル エヌ．ブイ． | Silica based sol |
| JP2005520822A (en) * | 2002-03-20 | 2005-07-14 | バイオ・ミネラルズ・ナムローゼ・フェンノートシャップ | Choline-silicate complex containing osmolite and divalent trace elements |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011077151A3 (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-08-18 | Pilkington Group Limited | A hydroxy functional quaternary ammonium structure directing agent for alkali metal silicate solutions usable in fire resistant glazings |
| US9080063B2 (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2015-07-14 | Pilkington Group Limited | Fire resistant glazings |
| JP2020180107A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2020-11-05 | 有限会社グリーン化学 | Method for producing aqueous choline silicate solution |
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