JP2007112344A - Side structure for railroad car and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the appearance of the surrounding area of an opening where a destination indicator and/or an emergency lamp are installed. <P>SOLUTION: A shear plate 41 is installed inside the peripheral edge of an opening 26 in an outer plate 3. An outer plate cross-beam member 4A extends to the shear plate 41 and is formed in a hat-shaped section having a body part 4Aa with an approximately U-form section and two mounting flanges 4Ab and 4Ac installed extending oppositely to each other continued to the edge of the body part 4Aa and joined with the outer plate. The flanges 4Ab and 4Ac of the outer plate cross-beam member 4A and the shear plate 41 are continuously welded to the outer plate 3 so that a welding line continued between them is generated. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a railcar side structure and a method for manufacturing the same, and particularly relates to the periphery of an opening that is not provided with an outer frame (for example, a door frame or a window frame).

  Conventionally, stainless steel structures made of stainless steel having many advantages such as no need for painting, easy maintenance, and no corrosion have been used as structures for railway vehicles. As such a stainless steel structure, a lightweight stainless steel structure 201 (outer plate + framework + outer plate horizontal bone member) shown in FIG. 22 (a) or a double sheet stainless steel structure 202 (outer plate + integrated body) shown in FIG. 22 (b). In addition to the press-molded inner plate, a so-called double skin type stainless steel structure is known (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  In a railway vehicle structure, resistance spot welding is frequently used for joining the outer plate and the outer plate horizontal bone member from the viewpoint of reducing thermal distortion.

  General railcar structures, particularly side structures, have some points to consider in terms of strength design. Here, the side structure means a structure constituted by one or a plurality of side skin panels, and the side skin panel means a structure obtained by joining and integrating a skin lateral bone member to the skin. Say.

  As shown in FIG. 23 (a), the side outer panel 101 is mainly subjected to in-plane shearing action by the vertical weight F1 loaded by the vehicle body weight / passenger. Further, as shown in FIG. 23 (b), the in-plane shaft compression / in-plane bending action is also applied by the vehicle end compression load F2 through the coupler. The first failure mode to be noted in terms of strength is the overall buckling of the side skin panels.

  In general, in a portion where the outer plate is subjected to a compressive action in a wide range (for example, the lower part of the vehicle body waist plate at the time of a vehicle end compression load), as shown in FIG. The plate transverse bone member 101 is joined to the inner side of the outer plate 102.

  In general, a side structure of a railway vehicle is greatly subjected to a compressing action in the longitudinal direction of the structural body. Therefore, it is usual to provide a lateral bone member on the inner side of the outer plate along the longitudinal direction of the structural body. It is ideal to join the outer plate transverse bone member to the outer plate at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the longitudinal direction of the structure in the part where the outer plate is subjected to shear in a wide range, for example, in the door pocket portion just above the carriage during vertical load. Since joining with such an angle is complicated in manufacturing, the transverse bone member is actually arranged in the horizontal direction (the longitudinal direction of the structure) or in the vertical direction. Both are equivalent in buckling strength.

  However, the stainless steel structure as described above has several problems.

  (i) The first problem is buckling strength.

  As described above, resistance spot welding is frequently used for joining the outer plate and the outer plate horizontal bone member from the viewpoint of reducing thermal distortion. However, in order to avoid diversion to the hit points, the hit point pitch is usually 50. It is about ~ 80mm. In this case, there is a case where the stress is not well dispersed in the transverse bone member and the theoretical buckling strength cannot be obtained. That is, the out-of-plane bending rigidity as the stiffening panel is lower than the theoretical value, and there is a possibility that the overall buckling is caused by a load lower than expected. The outer plate may buckle between spot welding points due to compression in a direction parallel to the outer plate transverse bone member, and the local buckling is inferior to the theoretical buckling strength.

  For example, as can be seen by referring to the concept of buckling strength described later, the pitch L101 of the outer plate transverse bone member 101 is set to 80 mm (see FIG. 23C), and compressive stress is applied to the outer plate in a direction parallel thereto. When the outer plate transverse bone member is continuously joined to the outer plate, the outer plate transverse bone member can withstand approximately 160 MPa, but the outer plate transverse bone member is spot welded to the outer plate at an 80 mm pitch. For example, it can only withstand about 60 MPa. In addition, initial distortion occurs in the outer plate due to distortion around the spot due to pressure contact, and this also greatly reduces the local buckling strength.

  (ii) The second problem is permanent deformation (tensile side) or local buckling (compression side) in the stress concentration portion.

  In the side skin, stress concentration occurs at the corners of the opening of the side skin. In particular, side structures for commuter cars have many openings such as windows and doorways, and stress concentration at these corners becomes a problem. In these stress-concentrated portions, permanent deformation occurs on the tension side and buckling deformation occurs on the compression side, leading to ultimate destruction. As a countermeasure against this, it is conceivable to reduce the stress by adding a plate-like outer plate transverse bone member to the inside to increase the thickness on the tension side. The compression side can theoretically handle the same, but there are some problems with the stainless steel structure.

  (iii) The third problem is water tightness.

  Since resistance spot welding, which is frequently used in the assembly of stainless steel structures, can constitute only lap joints, joints between outer plates or between outer plates and edge members (window frames, door masks, etc.) are also lap joints.

  By the way, in order to prevent flooding from the outside in these joints, it is necessary to devise a technique to maintain water tightness that does not flood from the outside, but in addition to creating a gap in the overlapped portion, spot welding is an intermittent joining method, Watertightness is ensured by inserting a sealing material into the overlapped portion in advance and performing welding. Alternatively, watertightness is ensured by placing a sealing material in a fillet shape at the overlapping end.

However, there is a possibility that seal breakage may occur due to aging and deterioration of the sealing material due to wind and rain, and water may enter the vehicle.
(iv) The fourth problem is the aesthetics of the outer plate (side outer plate, wife outer plate).

  Resistance spot welding, which is often used in the assembly of stainless steel structures, is pressed in a spot shape at the time of construction, so that the surrounding area is distorted by the pressing force and heat input, and a concave indentation is also generated at the striking point. The appearance of the outer panel is damaged. In other words, even if a reinforcing plate is applied, spot welding for joining the plates increases, and initial distortion occurs in the outer plate due to distortion around the spot due to pressure welding and heat input, which may reduce the local buckling strength. is there. Thus, buckling is likely to occur in the lower part of the waist plate at the center of the vehicle body, the door pockets and curtains directly above the carriage, and around the corners of the side openings, and some vehicles are actually buckling, which significantly deteriorates the appearance of the stainless steel structure. I am letting. In particular, deteriorating the aesthetics of the side skin and wife skin reduces the product value.

The “burn” of the outer plate due to spot welding can be eliminated by electrolytic treatment, but the indentation is deep and it is difficult to make it invisible by polishing after joining. Moreover, although it can also cover with a color band (film), even if it covers, an impression may become more conspicuous depending on the viewing angle.
(v) The fifth problem is the complexity of the internal framework.

  As a structure for attaching the interior and the equipment to the structure, conventionally, the main structure or the internal frame (secondary structure material) is welded with a screw seat or an attachment metal is separately provided.

  Most of these attachments and screw seats are individually designed for each vehicle, and the attachment location to the structure varies depending on the vehicle type and location. The number of parts, such as screw seats, internal frames and mounting brackets, has increased, and a great deal of man-hours are required for parts production and welding. In addition, since the mounting position is not standardized, the size management of the mounting is complicated.

The inventor has conceived that the above problem can be solved by using laser welding instead of resistance spot welding for joining the outer plate and the outer plate transverse bone member, and a railway vehicle structure using laser welding is proposed. The application has been made earlier (see Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-206390).
Japanese Patent No. 27639883 (paragraphs 0014, 0020 and FIG. 4)

  However, the structure in the vicinity of the opening considered when using laser welding transmits shear (shearing force) as shown in FIGS. 24A and 24B, for example, in order to reduce the stress concentration generated in the opening. As a possible reinforcing material (reinforcing plate), the shear plate 101 needs to be joined to the inside of the outer plate 102a and around the opening. Even if they are laser-welded along the periphery of the opening of the outer panel 102 so that the bottom of the molten pool does not reach the outer surface of the outer panel 102, the distortion caused by the weld line L101 is outside the outer panel 102a. Appears on the side and looks bad around the opening. In this way, the tendency of the appearance around the opening to become worse is that the outer surface of the outer plate is polished substantially parallel to the welding line direction by laser welding (for example, a belt grind generally used in a stainless steel structure of a railway vehicle). This is particularly noticeable when finishing). This is because if the polishing direction and the weld line direction match, distortion due to the weld line becomes almost invisible due to light scattering, but if these directions are different, the weld line direction depends on the light scattering condition. This is because distortion becomes conspicuous.

  Therefore, when the periphery of the opening is joined by laser welding, a weld line in a direction orthogonal to the outer plate finish is always generated, so that the appearance of this portion is deteriorated. In addition, when the rivets are used for linear connection, the same distortion corresponding to the joining line appears and the appearance is deteriorated.

  Further, since the welding line L102 of the outer plate horizontal bone member coincides with the finishing direction (polishing direction) of the outer plate, the distortion L202 due to the welding line is not so conspicuous, but the outer plate 102a is concentric at the toe P202 of the distortion L202. Since this distortion is conspicuous, the appearance looks bad near this part.

  Increasing the thickness of the outer plate is advantageous in order to make the distortion due to the weld line inconspicuous, but it cannot be made too thick from the viewpoint of weight reduction, and the opening fits, for example, a window glass. In the case of a window opening, the periphery of the opening needs to have a single outer plate or a thin plate structure close thereto, and the outer plate cannot be made too thick.

  Therefore, the inventor has conceived that such a problem can be solved if the opening has a structure in which the weld line penetrates in the horizontal direction (longitudinal direction of the structure), and has made the present invention.

  An object of this invention is to provide the side structure for rail vehicles which can improve the appearance around an opening part.

  The invention according to claim 1 includes an outer plate having an opening and a horizontal outer plate horizontal bone member disposed inside the outer plate, and the outer plate horizontal bone member is joined to the outer plate. A side structure for a railway vehicle, wherein an annular shear plate is provided inside an outer periphery of the opening of the outer plate, and the outer plate lateral bone member extends to the shear plate, The mounting flange portion and the shear plate are continuously joined to the outer plate. Here, the shear plate is a plate that is superimposed on the outer plate and mainly transmits in-plane shear. An opening means the opening which provides an indicator lamp, a display apparatus, etc., for example, However, A window part without a window frame is also included. Joining includes laser welding, welding such as spot welding, plug welding, fillet welding, and rivet bonding.

  In this way, the shear plate (single plate) is arranged adjacent to the outer plate horizontal bone member and around the opening, and the joining line from the outer plate horizontal bone member to the shear plate is continuous. As a result, the joining line in the vertical direction (up and down direction) can be eliminated, the toes of the joining line can be eliminated, and the appearance around the opening can be improved.

  Also, if the outer surface of the outer plate is polished (belt grind finishing) almost in parallel with the joining line direction, the joining line direction and the polishing direction coincide with each other. Therefore, the distortion due to the joining line can be made almost invisible.

  In this case, as described in claim 2, the outer plate horizontal bone member has a shape having a main body portion and a mounting flange portion that extends continuously from an end edge of the main body portion and is joined to the outer plate. The mounting flange portion of the outer plate horizontal bone member and the shear plate may have the same plate thickness. Here, the shape of the main body portion of the outer plate horizontal bone member is not particularly limited, and may be a cross-sectional Z shape or a cross-sectional hat shape.

  An annular reinforcing frame member having an opening corresponding to the opening is provided, and the reinforcing frame member is positioned inside the outer plate and parallel to the outer plate. A plate-like inner frame portion that extends and is joined to the main body of the outer plate horizontal bone member; a plate-like connection frame portion that extends outward from the inner peripheral edge of the inner frame portion; and an outer peripheral edge of the connection frame portion It is desirable to have a plate-like outer frame portion that extends in parallel with the inner frame portion and has an opening corresponding to the opening.

  If it does in this way, it becomes possible to cope with the case where the strength is insufficient with only the shear plate by placing the reinforcing frame member on the outer plate horizontal bone member.

  As described in claim 4, it is desirable that a space is formed between the outer frame and the shear plate.

  If it does in this way, it will be avoided that the distortion corresponding to a joining line is formed in an outer board by not joining an outer frame part to an outer board.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the outer frame portion may be configured such that a sunscreen member is provided between the outer frame portion and the shear plate.

  If it does in this way, when joining an outer frame part to an outer plate with a sunscreen member, it will avoid that an outer plate is distorted by a heat influence.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the outer frame portion can be configured to be joined to a shear plate.

  In this way, the shear plate can function as a bake-off member, the structure is simple, and the construction is easy.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, the shear plate may have a structure in which a portion corresponding to the width of the main body portion of the outer plate horizontal bone member has a raised portion that is lifted away from the outer plate. .

  If it does in this way, while a rigidity will be improved by the floating part, since the part to join will not contact an outer plate, the distortion by the heat influence of an outer plate can be suppressed.

  In order to suppress the distortion due to the effect of joining to the outer plate without deteriorating the transmission of the shear (shearing force), it is not necessary to make the entire part corresponding to the width of the main body part a floating part. As described above, the shear plate may have a hollow protrusion that floats away from the outer plate only at a portion to which the outer frame portion is joined. In this case, it is not necessary to provide a hollow protrusion at a portion corresponding to the main body portion of the outer plate horizontal bone member.

  Further, as described in claim 9, the scoring member is a scoring block having a size corresponding to the width of the main body portion of the outer plate horizontal bone member, and is fixed to the shear plate. In addition, as described in claim 10, the shear plate may be configured such that only a portion corresponding to the width of the main body portion of the outer plate horizontal bone member is a thick portion.

  Furthermore, as described in claim 11, the joining of the door post column member and the outer plate horizontal bone member to the outer plate moves along the welding line while pressing the vicinity of the welding position, When welding is performed using laser welding means that performs laser welding by irradiating the laser beam to the welding position, the toe of the weld line for the door column member or the weld line for the outer plate horizontal member It is particularly effective in concealing the distortion (outer plate) corresponding to the above in the mounting base of the door frame and improving the appearance of the outer plate.

  The production of the railcar side structure according to claims 1 to 11 can be easily realized by the inventions according to claims 12 to 16.

  In this way, both the outer plate with an opening and the outer plate without such an opening become a common bonding line, so the number of programs for the bonding work depends on whether the outer plate has an opening or not. There is no possibility that the number will increase or the types and methods of restraining jigs will increase, and setup will not be complicated.

  The invention of claim 12 is a method for manufacturing a side structure for a railway vehicle, in which an outer plate lateral bone member that extends in the longitudinal direction of the structure and reinforces the outer plate is bonded to the outer plate by bonding, After continuously joining the outer plate transverse bone member along the longitudinal direction of the structure to the outer plate, the outer plate and the outer plate transverse bone member corresponding to the required opening are removed together, The opening is formed. In this case, “removal” means that an opening is formed by punching or cutting a portion corresponding to the opening required by a known means. In the case of a rectangular opening, in order to facilitate punching or cutting after joining, a case where a cut (see U11 in FIG. 10) is previously made in the corner of the opening is included.

  In this case, as in a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the outer plate horizontal bone member is provided so as to extend in opposite directions continuously to the main body portion having a substantially U-shaped cross section and the edge of the main body portion. The required opening has a cross-sectional hat shape having two mounting flange portions joined to the outer plate, and in addition to the outer plate and the outer plate transverse bone member corresponding to the required opening. It is also possible to remove the main body portion of the outer plate transverse bone member in the vicinity of the portion.

  If it does in this way, the opening part periphery can be made into the thin-plate structure comprised with an outer plate and a shear plate.

  The invention of claim 14 is a method of manufacturing a side structure for a railway vehicle as described above, and corresponds to a necessary opening before continuously joining the outer plate lateral bone member to the outer plate. The outer plate horizontal bone member in the portion to be removed and the outer plate horizontal bone member in the vicinity thereof are removed, a shear plate is disposed in the removed portion, and after the continuous bonding of the outer plate horizontal bone member to the outer plate, the necessary A portion corresponding to the opening is removed from the outer plate and the shear plate together to form the opening.

  A fifteenth aspect of the invention is a method for manufacturing a railcar side structure as described above, which corresponds to a necessary opening before the outer plate transverse bone member is continuously joined to the outer plate. The outer plate horizontal bone member in the portion to be removed and the outer plate horizontal bone member in the vicinity thereof are removed, and a shear plate in which the required opening is formed is disposed in the removed portion. A dummy plate is disposed in a portion corresponding to the part to be continuously welded in the required opening, and after the continuous welding of the outer plate lateral bone member to the outer plate, the dummy plate is moved to the outer plate. The opening is formed by removing the required opening from the plate.

  The invention of claim 16 is a method of manufacturing a railcar side structure as described above, and corresponds to the opening required before the outer plate transverse bone member is made continuous with the outer plate. The outer plate horizontal bone member in the vicinity and the portion is removed, an adapter unit having a convex shape corresponding to the outer plate horizontal bone member is disposed in the removed portion, and the outer plate horizontal bone member with respect to the outer plate is arranged. The adapter unit is removed after the continuous welding to form the opening.

  In the present invention, as described above, the shear plate (single plate) is disposed adjacent to the outer plate lateral bone member and around the opening so that the joining line from the outer plate lateral bone member to the shear plate is continuous. Since it comprises, the toe of the longitudinal direction (up-down direction) joining line and the horizontal direction joining line can be eliminated from the opening periphery, and the appearance around the opening can be improved.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a railway vehicle structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing the relationship between the outer plate and the outer plate horizontal bone member.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the railway vehicle structure 11 includes left and right side structures 12, a roof structure 13, front and rear wife structures 14, and a frame 15. The side structure 12 includes an outer plate 3 and outer plate horizontal bone members 4A and 4B as outer plate horizontal bone members arranged so as to extend in the horizontal direction (vehicle body longitudinal direction) inside the outer plate 3. These are joined by laser welding using laser welding means. The same applies to the roof structure 13 and the wife structure 14.

  This outer plate transverse bone member 4A (4B) has a U-shaped main body 4Aa, and mounting flanges 4Ab, 4Ac extending in opposite directions from each other at both edges of the main body 4Aa. It is configured in a hat shape in cross section, and is laser welded to the outer plate 3 at the mounting flange portions 4Ab and 4Ac. The laser welding for joining the outer plate horizontal bone members 4A and 4B to the inner surface side of the outer plate 11 is performed by partial penetration laser welding in order to prevent the bottom of the molten pool from reaching the outer surface of the outer plate 11. Used.

  The outer plate 3 is ground on the outer surface substantially parallel to the direction of the welding line by the laser beam, and the welding line direction by the laser beam and the polishing direction (surface grinding finishing direction) for the outer surface are substantially the same direction. The surface polishing material is used. “Polishing” is said to be belt grind (BG) finish by a belt grinder, and the belt to which the abrasive grains specified in “JIS R 6001” are adhered is rotated to intermittently discontinue the surface of the steel sheet in one direction. It is finished by polishing (corresponding to the surface finish indicated by the symbols “No. 3” and “No. 4” in “JIS G 4305”).

  Although not specifically shown, the laser irradiation apparatus used for laser welding is attached to the wrist of an articulated robot. This articulated robot has a plurality of axes (for example, six axes), and laser irradiation is performed along a predetermined welding line L11 (see FIG. 2) in a state where a thin plate (for example, the outer plate 3) to be welded is fixed. The device can be moved. The laser irradiation apparatus performs overlap laser welding. A laser condenser and a pressing roller as a pressing unit are integrally attached, and the pressing roller R moves along a welding line L11 so that the vicinity of the welding position of the workpiece is reached. By irradiating the welding position with the laser beam B from the laser concentrator while pressing, the focal length of the laser beam B can be accurately maintained while ensuring the adhesiveness of the overlapped portion.

  In addition, the door frame 1 (window frame, door mask, etc.), which will be described later, provided at the periphery of the opening of the outer plate 3 (window opening 24, door opening 25) and the outer plate 3 are also joined by continuous laser welding. It has been broken. The joint may be a lap joint or a butt joint. Although not specifically shown, the outer plates are joined to each other by continuous laser welding.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the outer plate horizontal bone member 4A has an interval S1 of laser welding (welding line U) of 80 mm (hat width S2 = 50 mm), so that the pitch of the outer plate horizontal bone member 4A is 80 mm. Is realized. Similarly, the hat width (70 mm) and laser welding interval (100 mm) of the outer plate transverse bone member 4B were determined for the other portions. The laser welding interval S3 between the adjacent outer plate transverse bone members 4A and 4B is 50 to 100 mm. However, when the cross-sectional shape of the transverse bone member is determined for each part of the outer plate 3, many kinds of transverse bone members are generated. Limited to two types. The height H1 of the outer plate transverse bone members 4A and 4B is 25 mm, which is determined from the overall buckling strength of the outer plate 3 of the side structure 2. The laser welding interval S1 is basically determined from the outer plate thickness and the buckling strength, and the smaller the interval, the stronger the buckling. However, if the interval is too small, the number of laser welding welding lines increases. On the other hand, if it is too wide, it will buckle even with a slight load, so it is actually in the range of 60 to 120 mm, but a desirable value that balances well in terms of part production and appearance is S1 = 90 to 100 mm. .

  Thus, the hat width S2 (width of the U-shaped portion) of the outer plate horizontal bone member 4A provided in the vicinity of the corner of the window opening 24 and the upper corner of the door opening 25 is 50 mm, and is provided outside the other part. A lateral structure is formed with the hat width of the transverse plate member 4B being 70 mm. Therefore, the hat width of the outer plate horizontal bone member 4A provided in the vicinity of the upper corner of the door opening 25 and the corner of the window opening 24 having a high acting stress and a large load load is set to the outer plate provided in the other part. It is smaller than the hat width of the lateral bone member 4B. Note that out-of-plane bending in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the structure is reinforced by a separately provided longitudinal bone member.

  By the way, the side structure 12 is manufactured by dividing the side structure 12 into a plurality of units, and after these units are manufactured separately, the units are joined by laser welding to form a side structure. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the side units 21A and 21B including the curtain plates 21Aa and 21Ba and the door frame 23 are separately manufactured, and then coupled by laser welding. The side groove body 12 is used. The side units 21A and 21B are assembled using laser welding. The joining method of the door frame 23 is also laser welding. The joining method between the curtain plates 21Aa and 21Ba of the side units 21A and 21B is laser welding or arc welding.

  Further, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, the side unit 21A is assembled by dividing the side outer plate 3 into a curtain plate 31A, a blowing plate 31B, and a waist plate 31C, and separating the outer plates into the plates 31A to 31C. Horizontal bone members 32A to 32C (the number of the outer plate horizontal bone members 32B is one in the drawing, but it corresponds to the plurality of outer plate horizontal bone members 4A, and the number of the outer plate horizontal bone members 32A and 32C is also one in the drawing. Are joined by laser welding to produce the curtain panel panel 33A, the blowing panel 33B, and the waist panel 33C.

  At this time, for example, as shown in FIGS. 5A to 5D, a lap joint is constituted by the curtain plate 31A and the flange portion of the outer plate horizontal bone member 32A, and the outer plate horizontal bone is formed with respect to the curtain plate 31A. Both are joined by partial penetration laser welding from the member 32A side. This also applies to the joining of the plates 31B and 31C and the flange portions of the outer plate transverse bone members 32B and 32C. A window frame (not shown) is similarly joined to the blowing plate 31B in advance by laser welding.

  The lower end edge of the blowing plate 31B and the lower end edge of the curtain plate 31A are provided with a margin, the lower edge of the blowing plate 31B and the upper end of the waist plate 31C, and the lower end of the curtain plate 31A and the blowing plate. A lap joint is formed with the upper end of the side plate 31B, and this portion is laser welded to form the side unit 21A (see FIG. 6).

  Further, the waist band 35 and the curtain band 34 located at the lap joint are joined to the outer plate 3 by laser welding (see FIG. 7). At this time, due to the presence of the waistband 35 and the curtain band 34, the curtain band 34 and the waistband 35 are arranged so as not to hinder the construction of the curtain panel 33A and the blowing panel 33B or the laser welding of the blowing panel and the waistboard panel. If possible, the curtain band 34 and the waist band 35 can be joined to the blowing plate 31B in advance.

  Next, the pillar members 36A, 36B, and 36C are joined to the head of the outer plate lateral bone member 32 by laser welding (see FIGS. 4, 5D, and 7). ). At this time, a short welding line may be used, or if it is a ring-shaped welding line, the joint strength is further stabilized.

  Finally, as required in strength, the side unit 21A can be completed by joining gussets 38A to 38D by laser welding at and near the joint between the waistband 35, the curtain zone 34, and the door bottom pillar member 36B. Yes (see FIG. 8).

  And the manufacturing method of the side structure 12 as mentioned above is applicable also to manufacture of the roof structure 13, the end structure 14, and the frame 15. For example, in the case of the roof structure 13, a roof unit having an appropriate size is used in which the roof outer plates are joined by continuous laser welding, and then the rafter and the roof outer plate are joined by laser welding from the outer plate side. At this time, since a high aesthetic appearance is not required in the roof structure, laser welding may be through welding or partial penetration welding. In the case of the underframe 15, a side frame and a horizontal beam are joined by laser welding or resistance spot welding through a gusset to produce a frame, and then the keystone plate floor plate and the horizontal beam are joined by laser welding from the floor plate side. Use an appropriately sized underframe unit. At this time, the lower part of the underframe and the floor board surface become a blind spot or a concealed part after the vehicle body is completed and there is no aesthetic requirement, so laser welding may be through welding or partial penetration welding.

  Then, the left and right side structures 12, the roof structure 13, the end structure 14, and the underframe 15 are joined to assemble the structure 11 for a railway vehicle.

  Next, the structure around the opening of the indicator lamp, which is a feature of the present invention, will be further described. In the following description, the rectangular opening 26 provided in the curtain above the window opening 24 and provided with a destination indicator (not shown) will be described. In addition, an emergency light ( A circular opening 27 provided with a not shown), an opening 28 beside the door opening provided with a semi-automatic door switch (not shown), a waist opening 29 provided with a door cock (not shown), etc. It can be similarly applied to.

  As shown in FIG. 9A, a frame-shaped shear plate 41 having a shape corresponding to the opening 26 is provided inside the periphery of the rectangular opening 26. Since the shear plate 41 has the same thickness as the outer plate horizontal bone member 4A, the portion where the outer plate horizontal bone member 4A (mounting flange portion 4Aa) and the shear plate 41 are continuous has no step and is continuously laser Welded.

  In this way, as shown in FIG. 9B, the laser welding line L11 from the outer plate transverse bone member 4A passes through the opening 26 and is continuous, so that the outer plate finish is performed. There is no weld line in the direction orthogonal to the weld line, and there is no toe of the weld line. Therefore, the distortion L21 due to the weld line L11 appearing on the surface of the outer plate becomes inconspicuous, so that the appearance around the opening can be improved.

  Further, in this case, when the outer plate transverse bone member 4A that extends in the longitudinal direction of the structure and reinforces the outer plate 3 is joined to the outer plate 3 by laser welding using laser welding means, FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, after the outer plate horizontal bone member 4A is laser welded to the outer plate 3, the portion U1 corresponding to the required opening is removed by, for example, plasma cutting or laser cutting for each outer plate horizontal bone member 4A. Thus, an outer plate panel having an opening of a predetermined shape is obtained. In this case, it is also possible to provide a notch or a notch in advance in the portion U11 that becomes the corner portion of the opening that will be punched later, so that the subsequent punching process becomes easy. Moreover, the part corresponding to the required opening part and the outer plate horizontal bone member in the vicinity thereof can be cut out in advance.

  Further, when a thin plate structure portion is required around the opening 26, as shown in FIG. 11, a part of the main body portion 4Aa of the outer plate horizontal bone member 4A is cut out (refer to the cut portion U12) to form a thin plate structure. It is also possible.

The embodiment described above can be modified as follows.
(i) When the strength is insufficient only with the shear plate 41, for example, as shown in FIG. 12, an annular reinforcing frame member 51 having an opening corresponding to the opening 26B can be disposed. The reinforcing frame member 51 is located on the inner side of the outer plate 3, and extends in parallel with the outer plate 3, and is welded to the main body portion 4Aa of the outer plate horizontal bone member 4A. A plate-like connecting frame portion 51B extending outward from the inner peripheral edge of the portion 51A, and a plate-like outer frame having an opening corresponding to the opening 26 extending in parallel with the inner frame portion 51A from the outer peripheral edge of the connecting frame portion 51B It can be set as the structure which has the part 51C. In this case, as shown in FIG. 13A, the outer frame portion 51 </ b> C has a space S formed between the outer plate portion 51 </ b> C and the outer frame portion 51 </ b> C is not joined to the outer plate 3. The configuration is such that it does not reach the outer plate 3.

Further, the outer frame portion 51 </ b> C can be provided with a non-stick member 52 between the outer plate 51 </ b> C and the shear plate 41 as shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 14, the outer frame portion 51 </ b> C has a configuration in which a part L <b> 12 of the inner peripheral edge is welded to the shear plate 41 and is plug-welded at a circular opening thereof (see welded part P <b> 301). It is also possible.
(ii) In the above-described embodiment, the flat shear plate 41 is used. However, in order to avoid welding heat from reaching the outer plate 3, for example, as shown in FIG. The portion corresponding to the main body portion of the transverse plate member 4A has a raised portion 41Aa. As shown in FIG. 16, the shear plate 41B has a raised portion that is raised only at a portion to which the outer frame portion 51C is welded. A configuration having 41Ba is also possible. Further, as shown in FIG. 17, the sunscreen member 52A is a sunscreen block having a size corresponding to a portion corresponding to the main body portion of the outer plate horizontal bone member 3, and is preliminarily attached to the shear plate 41 by screwing or the like. For example, as shown in FIG. 18, the shear plate 41 </ b> C may have a configuration in which only a portion corresponding to the main body portion of the outer plate horizontal bone member is a thick portion 41 </ b> Ca. Is possible. Also in the cases shown in FIGS. 15 to 18, plug welding is performed at the opening of the outer frame portion 51 </ b> C (see welded part P <b> 301).
(iii) In the above-described embodiment, after the outer plate transverse bone member is laser welded to the outer plate, the portion corresponding to the required opening is removed, whereby the outer plate panel having an opening of a predetermined shape is obtained. As shown in FIG. 19, before the outer plate transverse bone member 4A is continuously welded to the outer plate 3, the outer plate transverse bone member of the portion U1 corresponding to the required opening is obtained. 4A and the outer plate horizontal bone member 4A in the vicinity thereof are removed, and a shear plate 41 is arranged in the removed portion, and after the continuous welding of the outer plate horizontal bone member 4A to the outer plate 3, it corresponds to the required opening. It is also possible to remove the portion to be removed from the outer plate 3 and the shear plate 4A together. Note that, in the same manner as in the case shown in FIG. 10, a notch or a notch is provided in advance in the portion U11 that becomes the corner portion of the opening portion to be removed later.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 20, a shear plate 41 having an opening corresponding to a portion that becomes the opening 26 is disposed, and corresponds to a part that is continuously welded in the opening of the shear plate 41. A dummy plate 42 having the same thickness as that of the shear plate 41 is provided at the site where the weld line L11 is to be formed, and after the continuous laser welding of the outer plate transverse bone member 4A to the outer plate 3, the dummy plate 42 may be removed together when the required opening is removed from the outer plate 3.

Further, before laser welding the outer plate horizontal bone member to the outer plate, as shown in FIG. 21, the portion corresponding to the required opening and the outer plate horizontal bone member 4A located in the vicinity thereof are removed. The adapter unit 43 having a convex shape corresponding to the outer plate horizontal bone member 4A (disguised as a reciprocal bone member with a copper block or the like) is disposed in the removed portion, and the outer plate horizontal bone with respect to the outer plate 3 is disposed. It is also possible to remove the adapter unit 43 after continuous welding of the member 4A. In this case, the laser welding means can perform the welding operation without being displaced in the height direction. Note that the adapter unit is not welded, and when the adapter unit is removed, only a necessary part is welded.
(iv) In the above embodiment, as the welding means, partial penetration laser welding, that is, superimposing a plurality of plate-like members, continuously irradiating while moving the laser beam from the out-of-plane direction, the laser beam is applied. Heat and melt the region up to the inside of the plate-like member located on the opposite side of the irradiated plate-like member, so that the bottom of the molten pool generated thereby does not reach the outer surface of the opposite plate-like member, Using laser welding that joins the plurality of plate members while controlling the output of the laser beam or the beam moving speed, the outer surface of the outer plate corresponding to the outer surface of the opposite plate member is previously Although what used what was ground and processed in parallel with the welding line direction by the laser beam is described, the present invention is not particularly limited with respect to the welding means, and the outer plate is also as described above. Naken It is not limited to those that have been polished.

It is a perspective view which shows the side structure for rail vehicles which is one embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between an outer plate and an outer plate horizontal bone member. (A) (b) is explanatory drawing of the assembly method of a side structure, respectively. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the procedure which assembles the side structure of the railway vehicle which concerns on this invention. (A) is explanatory drawing of the principle of a laser welding joint, (b)-(d) is explanatory drawing of an outer plate, respectively. It is a figure which shows the state which looked at the side structure of the railway vehicle which concerns on this invention from the vehicle outer side. It is a figure which shows the state which looked at the side structure of the railway vehicle from the vehicle inner side. It is a perspective view which shows the state which looked at the side structure of the railway vehicle from the vehicle inner side. (A) (b) is sectional drawing which shows the structure of an opening part periphery in the side structure of the railway vehicle which concerns on this invention, respectively. It is explanatory drawing about another embodiment. It is explanatory drawing about another embodiment. It is explanatory drawing about another embodiment. (A) is sectional drawing in the AA of FIG. 12, (b) is a figure similar to FIG. 13 (a) about another embodiment. It is explanatory drawing about another embodiment. It is explanatory drawing about another embodiment. It is explanatory drawing about another embodiment. It is explanatory drawing about another embodiment. It is explanatory drawing about another embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the welding method which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the welding method which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the welding method which concerns on this invention. (A) (b) is explanatory drawing of the conventional stainless steel structure, respectively. (A) (b) is explanatory drawing of the state of a deformation | transformation of the conventional railway vehicle structure, respectively, (c) is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between the conventional outer plate and an outer plate horizontal bone member. (A) (b) is a perspective view which shows the state which looked at the structure of the opening part vicinity considered when using laser welding from the vehicle body inner side and the vehicle body outer side, respectively.

Explanation of symbols

B Laser beam R Presser roller 3 Outer plate 4A, 4A ', 4B Outer plate transverse bone member 4Aa Main body 24 Window opening 25 Door opening 26-29 Opening 41, 41A, 41B, 41C Shear plate 41Aa, 41Ba Lifting part 41Ca Thick part 42 Dummy plate 43 Adapter unit 51 Reinforcement frame member 51A Inner frame part 51B Connection frame part 51C Outer frame part 52, 52A Sunscreen member

Claims (16)

A rail vehicle side structure having an outer plate having an opening and a horizontal outer plate horizontal bone member disposed inside the outer plate, the outer plate horizontal bone member being joined to the outer plate. Because
An annular shear plate is provided inside the periphery of the opening of the outer plate,
The outer plate transverse bone member extends to the shear plate;
A rail vehicle side structure, wherein an attachment flange portion of the outer plate horizontal bone member and the shear plate are continuously joined to the outer plate. The outer plate transverse bone member has a shape having a main body portion and a mounting flange portion that extends continuously to an edge of the main body portion and is joined to the outer plate.
The railcar structure according to claim 1, wherein the mounting flange portion of the outer plate horizontal bone member and the shear plate have the same plate thickness. An annular reinforcing frame member having an opening corresponding to the opening is disposed;
The reinforcing frame member is located on the inner side of the outer plate, extends in parallel with the outer plate, is joined to the main body portion of the outer plate horizontal bone member, and an inner portion of the inner frame portion. A plate-like connection frame portion extending outward from the peripheral edge, and a plate-like outer frame portion extending in parallel with the inner frame portion from the outer peripheral edge of the connection frame portion and having an opening corresponding to the opening portion. The side structure for a railway vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that:   The side structure for a railway vehicle according to claim 3, wherein a space portion is formed between the outer frame portion and the shear plate.   The side structure for a railway vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the outer frame portion is provided with a sunscreen member between the outer plate and the shear plate.   The side structure for a railway vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the outer frame portion is joined to the shear plate.   7. The railway vehicle side structure according to claim 6, wherein the shear plate has a raised portion that is lifted away from the outer plate at a portion corresponding to the width of the main body portion of the outer plate horizontal bone member.   The side structure for a railway vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the shear plate has a hollow protrusion that is lifted away from the outer plate by a portion to which the outer frame portion is joined.   6. The railcar side according to claim 5, wherein the sunscreen member is a sunscreen block having a size corresponding to a width of a main body portion of the outer plate horizontal bone member, and is fixed to the shear plate. Structure.   The side structure for a railway vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the shear plate is a thick portion corresponding to the width of the main body portion of the outer plate horizontal bone member.   Joining of the door column member and the outer plate lateral bone member to the outer plate is performed by irradiating the welding position with a laser beam by moving the pressing roller while moving near the welding position while moving along the welding line. The railway vehicle structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the structure is performed by welding using laser welding means for performing welding. A method for manufacturing a side structure for a railway vehicle, in which an outer plate transverse bone member that extends in the longitudinal direction of the structure and reinforces the outer plate is joined to the outer plate,
After continuously joining the outer plate transverse bone member along the longitudinal direction of the structure to the outer plate, the outer plate and the outer plate transverse bone member corresponding to the required opening are removed together, A method for manufacturing a railcar side structure, wherein the opening is formed. The outer plate transverse bone member has a substantially U-shaped cross section and two mounting flange portions that are provided so as to extend in opposite directions from each other in succession to the edge of the main body and are joined to the outer plate. A cross-sectional hat shape having
13. The main body of the outer plate horizontal bone member in the vicinity of the required opening is removed in addition to the outer plate and the outer plate horizontal bone member corresponding to the required opening. The manufacturing method of the side structure for rail vehicles as described. A method for manufacturing a side structure for a railway vehicle, in which an outer plate transverse bone member that extends in the longitudinal direction of the structure and reinforces the outer plate is joined to the outer plate,
Before continuously joining the outer plate horizontal bone member to the outer plate, the outer plate horizontal bone member in the portion corresponding to the required opening and the outer plate horizontal bone member in the vicinity thereof are removed,
Place the shear plate on the removed part,
After continuous joining of the outer plate transverse bone member to the outer plate, a portion corresponding to the required opening is removed from the outer plate and the shear plate together to form the opening. Manufacturing method of side structure. A method for manufacturing a side structure for a railway vehicle, in which an outer plate lateral bone member that extends in the longitudinal direction of the structure and reinforces the outer plate is joined to the outer plate by welding,
Before continuously welding the outer plate horizontal bone member to the outer plate, the outer plate horizontal bone member in the portion corresponding to the required opening and the outer plate horizontal bone member in the vicinity thereof are removed,
Place the shear plate in which the required opening is formed in the removed part,
Further, a dummy plate is disposed in a portion of the shear plate corresponding to the part to be continuously welded in the required opening,
The railcar side, wherein the continuous plate is continuously welded to the outer plate and the dummy plate is removed when the required opening is removed from the outer plate to form the opening. Manufacturing method of structure. A method for manufacturing a side structure for a railway vehicle, in which an outer plate lateral bone member that extends in the longitudinal direction of the structure and reinforces the outer plate is joined to the outer plate by welding,
Before continuously welding the outer plate horizontal bone member to the outer plate, the portion corresponding to the required opening and the outer plate horizontal bone member in the vicinity thereof are removed,
In the removed part, an adapter unit having a convex shape corresponding to the outer plate horizontal bone member is arranged,
The method for manufacturing a side structure for a railway vehicle, wherein the adapter unit is removed and the opening is formed after continuous welding of the outer plate lateral bone member to the outer plate.

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