JP2007100156A - Nickel belt, method for producing the same, photosensitive body and image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a nickel belt having excellent durability, and efficiently producible; to provide a method for producing the same; to provide a photosensitive body having the nickel belt; and to provide an image forming apparatus having the photosensitive body. <P>SOLUTION: The nickel belt is obtained by alternately stacking a layer in which the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-rays diffracted at the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-rays diffracted at the (111) plane is 2.5 to 5.0, and a layer in which the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-rays diffracted at the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-rays diffracted at the (111) plane is 0.5 to 2.0. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a nickel belt, a manufacturing method thereof, a photoreceptor, and an image forming apparatus.

  As a method for producing a function-separated organic photoreceptor belt used in an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine or a laser printer, a method of forming a photoreceptor layer using an electroformed nickel belt as a base material is known. ing.

  The function-separated organic photoconductor belt repeatedly rotates on a plurality of rollers having an outer diameter of 16 to 20 mm with a tension of 20 to 50 N applied, so that the nickel belt as a base material is cracked due to metal fatigue. May form image defects.

  In addition, since the nickel belt is a flexible thin film, it is difficult to recycle it after removing the photosensitive layer. For this reason, it is necessary to improve durability and suppress the occurrence of image defects due to the nickel belt.

  As an electroformed nickel belt having excellent durability, an electroformed nickel belt having I (200) / I (111) of 0.6 or more is known (see Patent Documents 1 and 2). In addition, a fixing belt having a nickel electroformed metal layer having I (200) / I (111) of 3 or more and Vickers hardness of 280 to 450 is known (see Patent Document 3). However, the techniques disclosed in these patent documents have a problem that the electrodeposited film thickness of nickel decreases to 0.4 to 0.6 μm per minute.

On the other hand, the thickness of nickel electrodeposited film that can be efficiently produced by electroforming is about 1 μm per minute, and 4 to 10 pieces are produced at a time in a production cycle of about 30 minutes. However, such a metal crystal structure of nickel has an intensity ratio I (200) / I (111) of crystal orientation plane in X-ray diffraction of 0.35 to 0.5, and has durability against tension and compression. There is a problem that the peak intensity I (200) of the (200) plane, which is a good layered structure, is weak. Here, I (200) / I (111) means the peak intensity I (200) of the X-ray diffracted in the (200) plane with respect to the peak intensity I (111) of the X-ray diffracted in the (111) plane. Ratio.
JP 2002-206188 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-241984 JP 2002-258648 A

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above-described problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a nickel belt that is excellent in durability and can be efficiently manufactured, a manufacturing method thereof, a photoreceptor having the nickel belt, and an image forming apparatus having the photoreceptor. The purpose is to provide.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, in the nickel belt having no joint, the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (111) plane is 2. The ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the layer and the (111) plane of 5 or more and 5.0 or less is 0.5 or more and 2.0 or less. The layers are alternately stacked.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted by the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted by the (111) plane is 2.5 or more and 5.0 or less. A certain layer and a layer in which the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (111) plane is 0.5 to 2.0 are alternately stacked. Therefore, it is possible to provide a nickel belt that is excellent in durability and can be efficiently manufactured.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, the nickel belt according to the first aspect comprises two layers.

  According to the invention described in claim 2, since it consists of two layers, it is possible to obtain a nickel belt having good production efficiency and excellent durability.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the nickel belt according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (111) plane is The thickness of the layer that is 2.5 or more and 5.0 or less is ½ or more and 2/3 or less of the sum of the thicknesses of the two layers.

  According to the invention of claim 3, the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (111) plane is 2.5 or more and 5.0 or less. Since the thickness of the layer is 1/2 or more and 2/3 or less of the sum of the thicknesses of the two layers, the durability can be improved.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the nickel belt according to the first aspect, wherein the nickel belt comprises three layers, and the X-ray diffracted at the (200) plane with respect to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (111) plane. It has a layer having a peak intensity ratio of 2.5 or more and 5.0 or less on the surface.

  According to the invention described in claim 4, the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (111) plane is 2.5. Since a layer having a surface thickness of 5.0 or less is provided on the surface, a nickel belt having good production efficiency and excellent durability can be obtained.

  The invention according to claim 5 is the nickel belt according to claim 4, wherein the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (111) plane is The thickness of the layer that is 2.5 or more and 5.0 or less is 1/5 or more and 1/3 or less of the sum of the thicknesses of the three layers.

  According to the invention described in claim 5, the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted by the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted by the (111) plane is 2.5 or more and 5.0 or less. Since the thickness of the layer is 1/5 or more and 1/3 or less of the sum of the thicknesses of the three layers, the durability can be improved.

  The invention according to claim 6 is the nickel belt according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (111) plane is The film thickness of the layer which is 2.5 or more and 5.0 or less is 2 μm or more and 4 μm or less.

  According to the invention described in claim 6, the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (111) plane is 2.5 or more and 5.0 or less. Since the film thickness of the layer is 2 μm or more and 4 μm or less, the durability can be improved.

  The invention according to claim 7 is the nickel belt according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (111) plane is The thickness of the layer that is 2.5 or more and 5.0 or less is 0.05 μm or more and 0.15 μm or less.

  According to the invention described in claim 7, the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (111) plane is 2.5 or more and 5.0 or less. Since the thickness of the layer is 0.05 μm or more and 0.15 μm or less, durability can be improved.

  The invention according to claim 8 is characterized in that the nickel belt according to any one of claims 1 to 7 contains 0.05 wt% or more and 0.3 wt% or less of phosphorus.

  According to the invention described in claim 8, since it contains 0.05 wt% or more and 0.3 wt% or less of phosphorus, the Vickers hardness can be increased.

  The invention according to claim 9 is the nickel belt according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the Vickers hardness is 480 or more and 530 or less.

  According to the ninth aspect of the invention, since the Vickers hardness is 480 or more and 530 or less, a nickel belt that is difficult to be plastically deformed can be obtained.

  According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the nickel belt according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, the film thickness is 25 μm or more and 35 μm or less.

  According to the invention described in claim 10, since the film thickness is 25 μm or more and 35 μm or less, a nickel belt having flexibility can be obtained.

The invention according to claim 11 is the method for producing a nickel belt according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a current having a current density of 2 A / mm ² or more and 4 A / mm ² or less is passed from the anode to the cathode. By flowing at least nickel on the cathode, the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted by the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted by the (111) plane is 2.5 or more and 5 A layer having a thickness of 0.0 or less and a current density of 4 A / mm ² or more and 6 A / mm ² or less flowing from the anode to the cathode to deposit at least nickel on the cathode ( A step of forming a layer in which the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted by the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted by the (111) plane is 0.5 or more and 2.0 or less. It is characterized by having.

According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, a current having a current density of 2 A / mm ² or more and 4 A / mm ² or less is caused to flow from the anode to the cathode, and at least nickel is electrodeposited on the cathode. The step of forming a layer in which the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted by the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted by the plane is 2.5 to 5.0 and the current density is 4 A / mm ² By flowing a current of 6 A / mm ² or less from the anode to the cathode and depositing at least nickel on the cathode, the (200) plane with respect to the peak intensity of X-rays diffracted on the (111) plane To provide a method for producing a nickel belt with good production efficiency because it includes a step of forming a layer in which the ratio of the peak intensity of diffracted X-rays is 0.5 or more and 2.0 or less. Can do.

The invention according to claim 12 is the method for producing a nickel belt according to claim 11, wherein the anode is provided to face the cathode at a distance of 100 mm to 120 mm, and a current density is 2 A / mm ² or more. 4A / mm ² current and current density or less, characterized in that the flow 4A / mm ² or more 6A / mm ² or less is current alternately.

According to invention of Claim 12, the said anode is provided facing the said cathode by the distance of 100 mm or more and 120 mm or less, and the current density and current density which are ² A / mm < ² > or more and 4 A / mm < ² > or less. Is alternately 4 A / mm ² or more and 6 A / mm ² or less, so that a nickel belt that is excellent in durability and can be manufactured efficiently can be obtained.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the nickel belt manufacturing method according to the eleventh aspect, two anodes are provided facing the cathode at a distance of 100 mm to 120 mm, and the current density is 2 A / mm. ^more than 4A / mm ² or less is the current flowing to the cathode from one of said anode, characterized by passing a current the current density is 4A / mm ² or more 6A / mm ² or less from the other of said anode to said cathode And

According to the invention described in claim 13, two anodes are provided to face the cathode at a distance of 100 mm to 120 mm, and a current density is 2 A / mm ² or more and 4 A / mm ² or less. Since current flowing from one of the anodes to the cathode and current density of 4 A / mm ² or more and 6 A / mm ² or less flows from the other of the anodes to the cathode, it is excellent in durability and can be manufactured efficiently. A nickel belt can be obtained.

The invention described in claim 14 is the nickel belt manufacturing method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the cathode has a pointed electrodeposition film peeling start portion at an end portion of an outer diameter surface. A cylindrical electrode having an electrodeposition film peeling start portion at both ends of the outer diameter surface, and the electrodeposition stress is −50 N / mm ² or more and 0 N / mm ² or less. It is characterized by being.

According to the invention described in claim 14, the cathode has an auxiliary electrode having a pointed electrodeposition film peeling start portion at an end portion of the outer diameter surface, and has a pointed shape at both ends of the outer diameter surface. Since it is a cylindrical electrode having an electrodeposited film peeling start portion and the electrodeposition stress is -50 N / mm ² or more and 0 N / mm ² or less, the occurrence of bending can be suppressed.

  The invention according to claim 15 is the nickel belt manufacturing method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the nickel sulfamate is 450 g / l or more and 500 g / l or less, 30 g / l or more and 40 g / l or less. Boric acid, 1 g / l to 2 g / l nickel bromide, 50 ppm to 100 ppm saccharin, 20 ppm to 50 ppm alkyne diol, 0.1 g / l to 0.2 g / l alkylbenzene sulfonate, An electroforming solution containing 0.1 g / l or more and 1 g / l or less of phosphorous acid is used.

  According to invention of Claim 15, 450 g / l or more and 500 g / l or less nickel sulfamate, 30 g / l or more and 40 g / l or less boric acid, 1 g / l or more and 2 g / l or less nickel bromide, 50 ppm A battery containing not less than 100 ppm and not more than 100 ppm saccharin, not less than 20 ppm and not more than 50 ppm alkyne diol, not less than 0.1 g / l and not more than 0.2 g / l alkylbenzene sulfonate, and not less than 0.1 g / l and not more than 1 g / l phosphorous acid. Since the casting liquid is used, a nickel belt having excellent durability can be obtained.

  The invention described in claim 16 is a nickel belt manufactured by the method for manufacturing a nickel belt according to any one of claims 11 to 15.

  According to the invention described in claim 16, since the nickel belt is manufactured by the method for manufacturing a nickel belt according to any one of claims 11 to 15, it is excellent in durability and can be manufactured efficiently. A belt can be obtained.

  According to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, in the photoreceptor, the nickel belt according to any one of the first to tenth aspects and the sixteenth aspect is provided.

  According to the seventeenth aspect of the present invention, since the nickel belt according to any one of the first to tenth aspects and the sixteenth aspect of the present invention is included, a photoconductor excellent in durability can be provided.

  According to an eighteenth aspect of the present invention, an image forming apparatus includes the photosensitive member according to the seventeenth aspect.

  According to the eighteenth aspect of the invention, since the photoconductor of the seventeenth aspect is provided, an image forming apparatus having excellent durability can be provided.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a nickel belt that is excellent in durability and can be efficiently manufactured, a manufacturing method thereof, a photoreceptor having the nickel belt, and an image forming apparatus having the photoreceptor.

  Next, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  A function-separated organic photoconductor based on a nickel belt having no seam (hereinafter referred to as a nickel belt) is stretched using a plurality of rollers having an outer diameter of 16 to 20 mm, and a tension of 20 to 50 N is applied to the tension roller. And is repeatedly bent on a roller in order to rotate in the image forming apparatus. Thus, since the nickel belt receives a compressive force and a tensile force in the circumferential direction, it is necessary to suppress the occurrence of cracks due to metal fatigue. Thereby, the printing durability of the function-separated organic photoconductor can be improved.

  The nickel belt of the present invention is configured using a metal crystal structure having strength against cracks caused by metal fatigue. As a parameter of the metal crystal structure, the intensity ratio I (200) / I (111) of the crystal orientation plane is used. Here, I (200) / I (111) is obtained by measuring with an X-ray diffractometer using CuKα rays. I (111) and I (200) are diffracted at a (200) plane having a layered structure having a peak intensity of X-rays diffracted at the (111) plane and a strength against cracking due to metal fatigue, respectively. Means the peak intensity of X-rays. Thereby, the formation degree of the layer structure which improves printing durability can be evaluated.

On the other hand, in order to manufacture efficiently, an electrodeposition film thickness of about 1 μm per minute is required. In order to obtain an electrodeposition film thickness of about 1 μm per minute using the first brightener, it is necessary to set the electrolysis current density to 4 to 6 A / dm ^2, and the nickel belt obtained at this time has an I (200) / I (111) is 0.35 to 0.5. When the second brightener is added to the first brightener and the electrolysis current density is 4 to 6 A / dm ² , I (200) / I (111) becomes 0.5 to 2.0. At this time, when the electrolytic current density is lowered to ² to 4 A / dm ² , I (200) / I (111) becomes ^2.5 to 5.0, but the productivity is lowered.

  The nickel belt of the present invention has a layer in which the ratio of the peak intensity of X-rays diffracted at the (200) plane to the peak intensity of X-rays diffracted at the (111) plane is 2.5 or more and 5.0 or less. Layers in which the ratio of the peak intensity of X-rays diffracted by the (200) plane to the peak intensity of X-rays diffracted by the (111) plane is 0.5 to 2.0 are alternately stacked. Thereby, the nickel belt which is excellent in durability and can be manufactured efficiently can be obtained.

In the present invention, when the nickel belt is composed of two layers, the layer having I (200) / I (111) of 2.5 to 5.0 is provided on either the inner diameter surface side or the outer diameter surface side. It doesn't matter. Such a lamellar structure with improved durability against compression and tension can be formed using an electrolytic current having a normal electrolytic current density of 4 to 6 A / dm ² , and I (200) / I (111) is 0. By laminating with a layer of 0.5 to 2.5, the durability of the nickel belt can be improved without significantly increasing the electroforming time. At this time, the film thickness of the layer having I (200) / I (111) of 2.5 to 5.0 is preferably 1/2 to 2/3 of the film thickness of the nickel belt.

In the present invention, when the nickel belt is composed of three layers, compression and tension are provided by having layers having I (200) / I (111) of 2.5 to 5.0 on the inner diameter surface side and the outer diameter surface side. The durability with respect to can be improved. Further, I (200) / I (111) that can be formed by using an electrolytic current having a normal electrolytic current density of 4 to 6 A / dm ² between the inner diameter side layer and the outer diameter side layer. By providing a layer of 0.5 to 2.0, the durability of the nickel belt can be improved without significantly increasing the electroforming time. At this time, the film thickness of the layer having I (200) / I (111) of 2.5 to 5.0 is preferably 1/5 to 1/3 of the film thickness of the nickel belt.

  In the present invention, layers having I (200) / I (111) of 2.5 to 5.0 and layers having I (200) / I (111) of 0.5 to 2.0 are alternately laminated. Thus, although the nickel belt has a multilayer structure, the thickness of the layer having I (200) / I (111) of 2.5 to 5.0 is preferably 2 to 4 μm. Thereby, durability with respect to compression and tension can be improved, and durability of the nickel belt can be improved without significantly increasing the electroforming time.

  Further, when the film thickness of the layer having I (200) / I (111) of 2.5 to 5.0 is 0.05 to 0.15 μm, I (200) / I (111) is 0.5 to Since the layered structure enters the layer of 2.0, durability against compression and tension can be improved. Thereby, the durability of the nickel belt can be improved without significantly increasing the electroforming time.

  In the present invention, the nickel belt preferably contains 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of phosphorus. Thereby, Vickers hardness can be raised from 400-450 at the time of phosphorus non-addition to 480-530. Further, when the Vickers hardness increases, it becomes difficult for plastic deformation to occur, and it becomes difficult to maintain the curvature shape of the roller even if it is stopped for a long time on the roller constituting the photoreceptor unit. For this reason, generation | occurrence | production of the distortion by a roller can be suppressed at the time of image formation.

  In the present invention, the thickness of the nickel belt is preferably 25 to 35 μm. Thereby, the nickel belt which has flexibility can be obtained.

  FIG. 1 shows an example of an image forming apparatus of the present invention. Specifically, it is a black and white and color image forming apparatus that uses a functionally separated organic photoconductor based on a nickel belt and uses the Carlson process. Toner developing units 11 are sequentially arranged in cyan, magenta, yellow, and black colors, and the surface of the function-separated organic photoconductor 13 of the photoconductor unit 12 is charged to 600 to 800 V by the charging member 14 to perform optical writing. An electrostatic latent image is formed by the laser beam 16 of the unit 15, and toner of each color is electrostatically transferred by the toner developing unit 11 to form a toner image. Further, the toner image formed on the surface of the function-separated organic photoconductor 13 is transferred onto the transfer belt 18 by the intermediate transfer member 17 and transferred to the recording paper 110 by the transfer member 19, and the recording paper 110 is fixed to the fixing unit. Then, the toner image is heated and fixed at a temperature of 160 to 200 ° C.

  The photoconductor unit 12 having the function-separated organic photoconductor 13 includes a driving roller 112 having an outer diameter of 16 to 20 mm, a driven roller 113, and a tension roller 114. The tension roller 114 is applied with a tension of 20 to 50N. And is rotationally driven at a linear speed of 100 to 200 mm / sec.

  The function-separated organic photoconductor 13 is obtained by dispersing titanium oxide fine particles having a particle diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 μm in a solution of an alkyd resin and a melamine resin as a light scattering agent on a nickel belt 115 having a thickness of 30 μm. The coating layer was formed by dispersing a subbing layer 116 having a thickness of 3 to 8 μm and a charge generating agent such as phthalocyanine and an azo pigment in a solution of butyral resin to form a coating layer. A charge transport layer 118 having a film thickness of 20 to 30 μm is formed in order by mixing the charge generation layer 117 and the stilbene compound of the charge transport agent into a polycarbonate resin solution to form a coating film. The surface of the charge transport layer 118 is charged by the charging member 14, and an electrostatic latent image is formed by the laser light 16 of the optical writing unit 15.

  When the nickel belt 115 is formed as a single-layered layered structure 119, the cross-section becomes a structure aligned in parallel with the film thickness direction, and when the nickel belt 115 is formed as a single-layered columnar structure 120, the cross-section is formed in the film thickness direction. Tissues lined up in parallel tend to be unclear and decrease.

  FIG. 2 shows an example of an X-ray diffraction intensity graph of the nickel belt of the present invention. Here, the nickel belt is measured by an X-ray diffractometer using CuKα rays. The X-ray diffraction intensity of the metal crystal structure of the nickel belt formed by electroforming has a peak 21 of the (111) plane that is a columnar structure and a peak 22 of the (200) plane that is a layered structure. When the peak strength of the (200) plane is increased, a metal crystal structure having strength against metal fatigue due to bending load is obtained.

  The nickel belt does not reach a high temperature of 300 ° C. or higher when the fluororesin release layer is formed, or 160 to 200 ° C. does not last for a long time during fixing, unlike the nickel belt for heat fixing of the image forming apparatus. The problem that the nickel belt becomes thermally brittle due to sulfur embrittlement due to the eutectoid of sulfur contained in the electroforming liquid chemical during electrolysis hardly occurs.

  In the present invention, when manufacturing a nickel belt formed by an electroforming process, as a manufacturing condition, if the composition of the electroforming liquid is maintained and nickel ions consumed by electrodeposition are replenished, the metal crystal structure Can be controlled by the electrolytic current density. This makes it possible to control the durability of the nickel belt when it is repeatedly subjected to tension and compression.

The nickel belt is usually formed to have an electrolytic current density of 4 to 5 A / dm ² , an electrodeposition film thickness of 1 μm per minute, and a film thickness of about 30 μm. I (200) / I (111) Is 0.35 to 0.4.

  The reason why I (200) / I (111) is as small as 0.35 to 0.4 corresponds to weak gloss plating in which the brightener in the electroforming liquid is composed only of the first brightener such as saccharin and naphthalene. Therefore, in order to make I (200) / I (111) 0.5-2.0 or 2.5-5.0, a brightener is used in combination with a second brightener such as formalin and butynediol. It is necessary to.

When the second brightener is used in combination with bright plating and the electrolytic current density is 4 to 6 A / dm ² , I (200) / I (111) is 0.5 to 2.0. Further, when the electrolytic current density is reduced to ² to 4 A / dm ² , I (200) / I (111) becomes ^2.5 to 5.0. On the other hand, when the electrolytic current density is 7 A / dm ² or more, I (200) / I (111) becomes 0.3 to 0.4, the ratio of the layered structure becomes low, and the mechanical strength against repeated bending load is increased. Reduce. For this reason, the electrodeposited film is columnarly structured in the film thickness direction, and protrusions of 1 to 5 μm are easily formed on the surface.

When the electrolytic current density is decreased from 4-6 A / dm ² to 2-4 A / dm ² , the ratio of the layered structure increases and the strength against tension and compression increases. The production efficiency is reduced to 0.6 μm. Therefore, in the present invention, by combining the electrolytic current of the electrolytic current of the electrolytic current density 4~6A / dm ² and an electrolytic current density 2~4A / dm ^2, to form an electrodeposited film.

  In the present invention, in order to stably form a layer having I (200) / I (111) of 2.5 to 5.0 and a layer having 0.5 to 2.0, an active nickel pellet is used as an anode. It is preferable to use it. At this time, nickel ions consumed by the formation of the electrodeposited film are replenished by the electrolytic current flowing from the anode to the cathode eluting the active nickel pellets. When the electrodeposited film is formed while eluting the active nickel pellets in this way, a columnar structure with I (200) / I (111) of 0.5 to 2.0 and a layered structure with 2.5 to 5.0. A metal crystal structure combined with a structure can be stably formed. As a result, a nickel belt with improved durability against compression and tension can be obtained without significantly increasing the electroforming time.

In the present invention, inter-electrode distance between the anode and the cathode are disposed opposite at 100～120Mm, flowing electrolytic current of electrolytic current density 2~4A / mm ² and 4~6A / mm ² alternately electrodeposition May be. Further, the distance between the electrodes is 100 to 120 mm, two anodes are arranged opposite to the cathode, an electrolytic current having an electrolytic current density of ^{2 to} 4 A / mm ² is supplied to one, and an electrolytic current density of 4 to 6 A / mm is supplied to the other. Electrodeposition may be performed by passing an electrolytic current of ² . As a result, the columnar structure and the layered structure of the nickel metal crystal structure on the surface of the cathode closest to the anode can be stably formed, resulting in a layer with improved durability against compression and tension, and the electroforming time can be reduced. An electrodeposited film can be formed without much increase.

In order to efficiently manufacture the nickel belt of the present invention, the outer diameter of a cylindrical metal matrix made of SUS is used as the cathode, and the compressive stress is -50 to 0 N / mm ² as the electrodeposition stress. Is preferred. As a result, the inner diameter of the electrodeposition film can be increased by 0.01 to 0.05 mm with respect to the outer diameter of 60 to 170 mm of the cylindrical metal matrix, and the mold can be released. It can peel by spraying compressed air between deposits. Further, the occurrence of bending such as kinks can be suppressed and the production can be stably performed.

  In the present invention, when the electrodeposited film formed on the cylindrical metal matrix is peeled off, the cylindrical metal matrix on which the pointed electrodeposition peeling start portion is formed (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-285374) It is preferable to use a cylindrical metal matrix in which an auxiliary electrode having a pointed electrodeposition peeling start portion is further disposed at the lower end of the electrode. Thus, the nickel belt of the present invention can be stably manufactured by forming an electrodeposited film on the auxiliary electrode surface at the lower end portion of the cylindrical metal matrix on which current tends to concentrate and removing it.

In the present invention, it is preferable to form an electrodeposited film by electroforming using a nickel sulfamate bath. The electroforming liquid is nickel sulfamate 450 to 550 g / l, boric acid 30 to 40 g / l, nickel bromide 1 to 2 g / l as an anodic dissolving agent for replenishing consumed nickel ions, cylindrical metal mother As a compressive stress adjusting agent and a first brightener for releasing from a mold, saccharin is 50 to 100 ppm, and I (200) / I (111) is 2.5 to 5.0 and 0.5 to 2.0. As a second brightener for forming a metal crystal of alkynediol, 20-50 ppm of alkyne diol, 0.1-0.2 g / l of alkylbenzene sulfonate, 0.1-1 g / l of phosphorous acid as surfactants It is preferable to do. By flowing an electrolytic current having an electrolytic current density of ^{2 to} 4 A / mm ² and an electrolytic current density of 4 to 6 A / mm ^2, an electrodeposited film having a layered structure in the film thickness direction can be formed.

  Further, since phosphorous acid is added to the electroforming liquid, 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of phosphorus is contained in the electrodeposited film. As a result, the Vickers hardness of the nickel belt increases from 400 to 450 when phosphorus is not added to 480 to 530, so that it is difficult to cause plastic deformation, and the curvature of the roller even when stopped for a long time on the photosensitive unit constituting roller. It becomes difficult to maintain the shape, and distortion can be suppressed during image formation.

In FIG. 3, an example of the manufacturing method of the nickel belt of this invention is shown. The second brightener is used in combination with the first brightener in the electroforming solution, and the electrolysis current density is 4-6 A / dm ² and 2-4 A / dm ² in combination to form a metal structure of the nickel belt in a multilayer structure. Shows a manufacturing process for cutting a nickel belt or a functionally separated organic photoconductor having a photosensitive layer coated on a nickel belt into a member width necessary for an image forming apparatus, and electroforming using a nickel sulfamate bath In step 31, since it takes 30 minutes or more to form one electrodeposition film, a cylindrical metal matrix 32 made of SUS is arranged according to the number of nickel belts produced.

  At the lower end of the cylindrical metal mother die 32, an auxiliary electrode 33 is placed in conduction with the inside of the cathode 36 through the insulating material 34 and the insulating material 35 so that it can be easily attached to and detached from the carrier 37 for transportation. After being mounted on the slide plate 38 and transported to the standby position 39 of the electroforming process 31, it is subjected to polishing, cleaning, electroforming, preliminary cleaning, finish drying, and mold release processing steps.

  In the polishing step A, the surface of the main body 36 of the cylindrical metal matrix is wet-polished with a polishing cloth 310 so as to maintain a mirror surface with a surface roughness Ra of 0.05 to 0.1 μm, and the electrodeposited film is peeled off during electrolysis. The surface is activated so as not to occur.

  In the cleaning step B, the activated surface is cleaned using heated pure water and the nonwoven fabric 311 so that no projections are formed on the electrodeposited film due to polishing residues, and the cathode 36 is heated to 40 ° C.

  In electroforming process C, nickel sulfamate 450 to 550 g / l, boric acid 30 to 40 g / l, anodic solubilizer, nickel bromide 1 to 2 g / l, first brightener and compressive stress adjuster for electrodeposited film As saccharin 50-100 ppm, as second brightener, alkynediol 20-50 ppm, as surfactant for preventing defects such as pits, alkylbenzene sulfonate 0.1-0.2 g / l, electrodeposited film The temperature of the electroforming solution containing 0.1-1 g / l of phosphorous acid for containing phosphorus is heated to 55-60 ° C.

The phosphite ion to be consumed is supplied from the stock tank 312 to the circulation filtration tank 314 by the metering pump 313 according to the number of products containing 5 to 10 g / l phosphorous acid.
The liquid stirred in the circulation filtration tank 314 overflows and is supplied from the heating tank 315 into the diaphragm cathode case 317 of the electroforming tank 316.

  In addition, in order to enhance the effect of air stirring of the electroforming liquid and prevent the formation of protrusions and pits on the surface of the electrodeposition film from foreign matter in the electroforming liquid, a cylindrical shape is formed at the center of the ion-permeable diaphragm cathode case 317 The metal matrix 32 is rotated at 6 to 10 rpm, the distances 318 and 319 between the cathode 36 and the anode are set to 100 to 120 mm, and a predetermined electrolytic current is passed to obtain a film thickness 25 that provides a desired crystal orientation plane strength ratio. A layer structure of ˜35 μm is formed.

  As the anode, an active nickel pellet containing 0.01 to 0.03% by weight of sulfur and having a particle diameter of 8 to 12 mm is used in a titanium case 322 and a titanium case 323. The titanium case 322 and the titanium case 323 are covered with a slime storage diaphragm 320 and a slime storage diaphragm 321, respectively. By passing a current having a desired electrolytic current density, the activated nickel pellets are eluted and replenished with consumed nickel ions. As a result, consumption of nickel sulfamate can be reduced, fluctuations in the nickel ion concentration of the electroforming liquid can be suppressed, and the composition of the electroforming liquid can be easily controlled.

  The cathode 36 is connected to the power source 326 and the anode of the power source 327 via the energizing shaft 324 and the sliding electrode 325. A desired electrolytic current is supplied to the titanium case 322 and the titanium case 323 in the electroforming liquid by being connected to the cathodes of the power source 326 and the power source 327, respectively.

For example, I (200) / I (111) of the inner diameter side layer and the outer diameter side layer is 2.5 to 5.0, and is sandwiched between the inner diameter side layer and the outer diameter side layer. In the case of forming an electrodeposited film having an I (200) / I (111) of 0.5 to 2.0, an electrolytic current having an electrolytic current density of ^{2 to} 4 A / dm ^{2 is} supplied from a power source 326. A layer having an I (200) / I (111) of 2.5 to 5.0 is formed, and an electrolytic current having an electrolytic current density of 4 to 6 A / dm ² is continuously supplied from the power source 326 or the power source 327 to obtain I ( 200) / I (111) of 0.5 to 2.0 is formed, and then an electrolytic current having an electrolytic current density of ^{2 to} 4 A / dm ² is continuously supplied from the power source 326 or the power source 327 to obtain I (200 ) / I (111) is 2.5 to 5.0.

  By continuously electrodepositing in the electroforming solution, a nickel belt having a film thickness of 25 to 35 μm can be obtained without releasing each layer.

Such a nickel belt can be manufactured with a single power source. However, by using a dual power source system, an electrolysis current density of ^2-4 A / dm ^{2 and} an electrolysis current of 4-6 A / dm ² can be obtained. In addition to flowing alone, both electrolytic currents can flow simultaneously.

  In the cleaning process D, the electroforming liquid adhering to the surface of the cylindrical metal mold 32 is cleaned and removed, and the electroforming liquid is cleaned and removed by taking a shower when it is pulled up so as not to contaminate the pure water in the drying process. .

  In the drying step E, the electrodeposited film formed on the surface of the cathode 36 is washed with pure water, heated to 60 to 70 ° C., dried with an air knife or the like when it is pulled up, and is free from stains. Forming a surface.

  In the release step F, one-side open / close-type release jigs 328 are attached and clamped on both sides of the outer diameter surface of the electrodeposited film having a film thickness distribution of 3 μm or less deposited on the cathode 36, and both ends of the cathode 36 are clamped. A film thickness increasing portion 329 having a thickness distribution of 20 to 30 mm in width of 3 μm or more formed on the portion and an unnecessary electrodeposited film on the auxiliary electrode 33 to which an excessive current is supplied are formed into a pointed shape for starting peeling. After the adhesive tape is applied to the part 330 and peeled off in the circumferential direction, and the entire circumference of the film thickness increasing part 329 is cut off while rotating the cylindrical metal mother die 32, the release jig 328 is opened. High-pressure air is blown between the cathode 36 and both end portions that have been easily peeled off due to the compressive stress of the separated electrodeposited film, and the whole is gradually peeled off and released from the mold, and placed on the cushion sponge 332 of the receiving jig 331. Drop and take out.

  When the nickel belt 333 is manufactured in this manner, the occurrence of minute bends such as kinks, which are a problem in durability, is suppressed, and the productivity is also improved.

  The nickel belt 333 dropped onto the receiving jig 331 and taken out is coated with a photosensitive layer, baked at 130 to 140 ° C., and then cut through a cutting step 334 to cut it to a width necessary for the image forming apparatus.

  In the cutting step 334, a super-hard cutting metal roller facing up and down is used, the intermediate process product 335 of the functionally separated organic photoconductor is placed on the lower roller 336, and the upper roller 337 that has been waiting is placed on the lower roller 336. Move up. Next, while rotating the intermediate process product 335 of the function-separated organic photoconductor at the peripheral edge of the opposing roller blade having a shear clearance of 5 μm, the entire circumference of both ends is cut, and the step of the cutting end portion 338 is 0 to 0.05 mm. In this case, a detent guide or the like at the time of image formation is formed on the back side as necessary.

  Further, depending on the method for applying the photosensitive layer, the both ends of the nickel belt may be cut and then the photosensitive layer may be applied and then cut again.

  When a function-separated organic photoconductor having a step of 0.1 mm or more is used in the image forming apparatus for the cut end portion 338, the step portion becomes a starting point of a crack due to repeated bending load, and is easily broken. Reduce durability.

  Since the intermediate process product 335 of the functional separation type organic photoreceptor does not reach 300 ° C. or higher which develops brittleness such as sulfur embrittlement that easily occurs in electroformed nickel at the time of cutting, the functional separation is performed without reducing the durability. A finished product 339 of a type organic photoconductor can be obtained.

Example 1
Nickel sulfamate 450-550 g / l, Boric acid 30-40 g / l, Nickel bromide 1-2 g / l, Saccharin 50-100 ppm, Alkynediol 20-50 ppm, Alkylbenzenesulfonate 0.1-0.2 g / l A mixed solution of phosphorous acid 0.1 to 1 g / l and water was heated at a liquid temperature of 55 to 60 ° C. and used as an electroforming solution.

  In the apparatus shown in FIG. 3, the anode is activated nickel pellets having a particle diameter of 8 to 12 mm put in titanium cases 322 and 323 and contains 0.01 to 0.03% by weight of sulfur. The cathode 36 is made of SUS.

While rotating the cathode 36 at 6 to 10 rpm, an electrolytic current having an electrolytic current density of 3 A / dm ^{2 is} supplied from the power source 326, and I (200) / I (111) is 2.5 to 5.0 to the cathode 36. A layer of 6 μm is formed, and an electrolytic current having an electrolytic current density of 5 A / dm ² is continuously supplied from the power source 326 or the power source 327 so that I (200) / I (111) is 0.5 to 2.0. Then, an electrolytic current having an electrolytic current density of 3 A / dm ² is continuously supplied from the power source 326 or the power source 327 to form a layer having I (200) / I (111) of 2.5 to 5.0. By forming 6 μm, a three-layer nickel belt was obtained. The nickel belt contained 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of phosphorus, and the Vickers hardness after heating at 130 ° C. for 60 minutes was 480 to 530.
(Example 2)
Using the electroforming liquid of Example 1, the anode and the cathode, an electrolytic current having an electrolytic current density of 5 A / dm ² was passed from the power source 326 while rotating the cathode 36 at 6 to 10 rpm, and I (200 ) / I (111) of 0.5 to 2.0 is formed to a thickness of 15 μm, and an electrolytic current having an electrolytic current density of 3 A / dm ² is continuously supplied from the power source 326 or the power source 327 to obtain I (200) / I A nickel belt having a two-layer structure was obtained by forming 15 μm of a layer having (111) of 2.5 to 5.0. The nickel belt contained 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of phosphorus, and the Vickers hardness after heating at 130 ° C. for 60 minutes was 480 to 530.
(Example 3)
Using the electroforming liquid of Example 1, the anode and the cathode, an electrolytic current having an electrolytic current density of 3 A / dm ² was passed from the power source 326 while rotating the cathode 36 at 6 to 10 rpm, and I (200) was supplied to the cathode. / I (111) is formed to a thickness of 2.5 to 5.0 μm, and an electrolytic current having an electrolytic current density of 5 A / dm ² is continuously supplied from the power source 326 or the power source 327 to obtain I (200) / I A nickel belt having a two-layer structure was obtained by forming 15 μm of a layer having (111) of 0.5 to 2.0. This nickel belt contained 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of phosphorus, and the Vickers hardness after heating at 130 ° C. for 60 minutes was 480 to 530.
Example 4
Using the electroforming solution, anode and cathode of Example 1, while rotating the cathode 36 at 6 to 10 rpm, an electrolytic current having an electrolytic current density of 3 A / dm ² and an electrolytic current density of 5 A / dm ² from the power source 326 or the power source 327. In this case, an I (200) / I (111) is 2.5 to 5.0 and a thickness of 3 μm and an I (200) / I (111) is 0.5 to 2.5. A nickel belt having a 7-layer structure was obtained by forming 4 and 3 layers each having a thickness of 6 μm. This nickel belt contained 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of phosphorus, and the Vickers hardness after heating at 130 ° C. for 60 minutes was 480 to 530.
(Example 5)
Using the electrolytic solution of Example 1, the anode and the cathode, while rotating the cathode 36 at 6 rpm, from the power source 326 and the power source 327, an electrolytic current density of 2-4 A / dm ² and an electrolytic current density of 4-6 A / A dm ² electrolysis current was continuously applied, a layer having an I (200) / I (111) of 2.5 to 5.0 and a thickness of 0.1 μm, and an I (200) / I (111) of 0.1. A nickel belt having a multilayer structure with a thickness of 30 to 32 μm was obtained by continuously forming a layer having a thickness of 5 to 2.0 and a thickness of 1.7 μm. This nickel belt contained 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of phosphorus, and the Vickers hardness after heating at 130 ° C. for 60 minutes was 480 to 530.
(Comparative Example 1)
Using the electroforming solution, anode and cathode of Example 1, an electrolytic current having an electrolytic current density of 5 A / dm ² was passed from the power source 326 or the power source 327 while rotating the cathode 36 at 6 to 10 rpm, and I (200) / I By forming a layer having (111) of 0.5 to 2.0, a single layer nickel belt having a thickness of 30 to 32 μm was obtained. This nickel belt contained 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of phosphorus and had a Vickers hardness of 480 to 500 after heating at 130 ° C. for 60 minutes.
(Comparative Example 2)
Nickel sulfamate 450-550 g / l, boric acid 40 g / l, nickel bromide 2 g / l, saccharin sodium 50-100 ppm, sodium naphthalene trisulfonate 1000-1500 ppm, alkylbenzene sulfonate 0.1-0.2 g / l and The water mixture was heated to 55-60 ° C. and used as an electroforming solution.

While using the same anode and cathode as in Example 1 and rotating the cathode 36 at 6 to 10 rpm, an electrolytic current having an electrolytic current density of 5 A / dm ² was passed from the power source 326 or the power source 327, and I (200) / I (111 ) Formed a layer having a thickness of 0.35 to 0.4 to obtain a single-layer nickel belt having a thickness of 30 to 32 μm. This nickel belt did not contain phosphorus, and the Vickers hardness after heating at 130 ° C. for 60 minutes was 450 to 470.
(Evaluation results)
The nickel belts obtained in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were incorporated into an endurance tester having the same configuration as that of the function-separated organic photoconductor unit of the image forming apparatus in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, a driving roller 41 with an outer diameter of 16 mm coated with polyurethane rubber, a driven roller 42 with an outer diameter of 16 mm coated with polyurethane rubber, and a tension roller 43 with an outer diameter of 16 mm coated with polyurethane rubber, A tension of 20 to 50 N was applied, and rotation was performed at a linear speed of 200 mm / sec, corresponding to 40 to 50,000 sheets of A4 size recording paper.

  At a rotational speed corresponding to 40,000 to 50,000 sheets, the zigzag crack 44 does not occur even at the cutting step at both ends where cracks are likely to occur. In the single-layer nickel belts of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the A4 size When a rotational drive equivalent to 5.2 to 58,000 sheets of recording paper was driven, streak-like cracks 45 started to occur, and the streaks were enlarged by a rotational drive equivalent to 60,000 sheets or more, and the inside of the stripe portion was cut. It became a state.

  In the samples of Examples 1 to 5, it was confirmed that even at a rotational speed equivalent to 60,000 sheets, streak-like cracks 45 did not occur within the image forming width, and the function as a nickel belt was improved.

  The nickel belts of Examples 1 to 5 were coated with a coating liquid in which titanium oxide fine particles having a particle diameter of 0.3 μm or less were dispersed in a solution of an alkyd resin and a melamine resin as a light scattering agent, at 120 to 140 ° C. An undercoat layer made of a thermosetting resin having a thickness of 5 to 8 μm baked for 20 minutes and a coating liquid in which a charge generator of phthalocyanine and an azo pigment is dispersed in a solution of a butyral resin are applied, and the temperature is 120 to 130 ° C. for 20 minutes. Charge transport layer having a film thickness of 25 to 30 μm obtained by applying a fired charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.1 μm and a coating solution obtained by mixing a stilbene compound as a charge generator with a polycarbonate resin solution and firing at 120 to 130 ° C. for 20 minutes. A layer was formed, and the cutting step 334 was performed so that the cutting step at the end was 0 to 0.05 mm to obtain a function-separated organic photoconductor. This was mounted on the image forming apparatus for forming black and white and color images shown in FIG. 1, and 60,000 A4-sized recording papers were rotated. However, no cracks occurred in the photosensitive layer, and the number of printing durability was reduced. It was confirmed to improve.

  Further, in image formation after being left for 24 hours on a roller having an outer diameter of 16 mm constituting the photoreceptor unit, image distortion did not occur at the position arranged on the roller, and there was no problem of plastic deformation.

It is a figure which shows an example of the image forming apparatus of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the X-ray diffraction intensity graph of the nickel belt of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the manufacturing method of the nickel belt of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the photoconductor unit of the comparative example after an endurance test.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Toner developing unit 12 Photoconductor unit 13 Function separation type organic type photoconductor 14 Charging member 15 Optical writing unit 16 Laser beam 17 Intermediate transfer member 18 Transfer belt 19 Transfer member 21 Peak of (111) surface 22 Peak of (200) surface 31 Electroforming process 32 Cylindrical metal mold 33 Auxiliary electrode 34, 35 Insulating material 36 Cathode 37 Carrier 38 Slide plate 39 Standby position 44 Zigzag crack 45 Stripe crack 110 Recording paper 111 Fixing unit 41, 112 Drive roller 42 , 113 Drive roller 43, 114 Tension roller 115 Nickel belt 116 Undercoat layer 117 Charge generation layer 118 Charge transport layer 119 Single layered structure 120 Single layer columnar structure 310 Polishing cloth 311 Non-woven fabric 312 Stock tank 313 Volume pump 314 Circulating filtration tank 315 Heating tank 316 Electroforming tank 317 Separation cathode case 318, 319 Distance between electrodes 320, 321 Slime storage type diaphragm 322, 323 Titanium case 324 Current shaft 325 Sliding electrode 326, 327 Power supply 328 Release Jig 329 Thickness increasing portion 330 Pointed shape portion 331 Receiving jig 332 Cushion sponge 333 Nickel belt 334 Cutting process 335 Function separation type organic photoconductor intermediate product 336 Lower roller 337 Upper roller 338 Cutting end portion 339 Function Completed organic photoconductor

Claims (18)

In nickel belts without seams,
A layer having a ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (111) plane is 2.5 or more and 5.0 or less, and is diffracted by the (111) plane A nickel belt, wherein layers having a ratio of a peak intensity of X-rays diffracted at a (200) plane to a peak intensity of X-rays of 0.5 to 2.0 are alternately stacked.   The nickel belt according to claim 1, comprising two layers.   The ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (111) plane is 2.5 or more and 5.0 or less. The nickel belt according to claim 2, wherein the nickel belt is not less than ½ and not more than 2/3 of the sum of the film thicknesses. It consists of three layers
A ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (111) plane is 2.5 to 5.0 on the surface. The nickel belt according to claim 1.   The ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (111) plane is 2.5 or more and 5.0 or less. 5. The nickel belt according to claim 4, wherein the thickness is 1/5 or more and 1/3 or less of the sum of the film thicknesses.   The thickness of the layer in which the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted by the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted by the (111) plane is 2.5 or more and 5.0 or less is 2 μm or more and 4 μm. The nickel belt according to claim 1, wherein:   The film thickness of the layer in which the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted on the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted on the (111) plane is 2.5 to 5.0 is 0.05 μm. The nickel belt according to claim 1, wherein the thickness is 0.15 μm or more.   The nickel belt according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising 0.05 wt% or more and 0.3 wt% or less of phosphorus.   The nickel belt according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the Vickers hardness is 480 or more and 530 or less.   The nickel belt according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the film thickness is 25 µm or more and 35 µm or less. In the manufacturing method of the nickel belt according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
A current having a current density of 2 A / mm ² or more and 4 A / mm ² or less flows from the anode to the cathode, and at least nickel is electrodeposited on the cathode, whereby the peak intensity of X-rays diffracted on the (111) plane is reduced. A step of forming a layer having a ratio of peak intensities of X-rays diffracted by (200) plane of 2.5 or more and 5.0 or less, and a current having a current density of 4 A / mm ² or more and 6 A / mm ² or less. By flowing at least nickel onto the cathode from the anode to the cathode, the ratio of the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (200) plane to the peak intensity of the X-ray diffracted at the (111) plane is The manufacturing method of the nickel belt characterized by having the process of forming the layer which is 0.5 or more and 2.0 or less. The anode is provided to face the cathode at a distance of 100 mm to 120 mm,
Nickel belt according to claim 11, wherein the flow current density is 2A / mm ² or more 4A is / mm ² or less current and the current density is 4A / mm ² or more 6A / mm ² to at which current it alternately Manufacturing method. Two anodes are provided to face the cathode at a distance of 100 mm to 120 mm,
A current having a current density of 2 A / mm ² or more and 4 A / mm ² or less flows from one of the anodes to the cathode,
The method for producing a nickel belt according to claim 11, wherein a current having a current density of 4 A / mm ² or more and 6 A / mm ² or less is allowed to flow from the other of the anodes to the cathode. The cathode has an auxiliary electrode having a pointed electrodeposition film peeling start portion at an end of the outer diameter surface and a cylindrical shape having a pointed electrodeposition film peeling start portion at both ends of the outer diameter surface. Electrodes,
Electrodeposition stress method for manufacturing a nickel belt according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that -50N / mm ² or more 0N / mm ² or less.   450 g / l to 500 g / l nickel sulfamate, 30 g / l to 40 g / l boric acid, 1 g / l to 2 g / l nickel bromide, 50 ppm to 100 ppm saccharin, 20 ppm to 50 ppm An electroforming solution containing alkynediol, 0.1 g / l or more and 0.2 g / l or less of alkylbenzene sulfonate, and 0.1 g / l or more and 1 g / l or less of phosphorous acid is used. The manufacturing method of the nickel belt as described in any one of 11 thru | or 14.   A nickel belt manufactured by the method for manufacturing a nickel belt according to any one of claims 11 to 15.   A photoconductor comprising the nickel belt according to any one of claims 1 to 10 and claim 16.   An image forming apparatus comprising the photosensitive member according to claim 17.

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