JP2007097496A - Method for producing sweet drink made from fermented rice using liquid koji - Google Patents

Method for producing sweet drink made from fermented rice using liquid koji Download PDF

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JP2007097496A
JP2007097496A JP2005292352A JP2005292352A JP2007097496A JP 2007097496 A JP2007097496 A JP 2007097496A JP 2005292352 A JP2005292352 A JP 2005292352A JP 2005292352 A JP2005292352 A JP 2005292352A JP 2007097496 A JP2007097496 A JP 2007097496A
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koji
liquid
culture
liquid medium
amazake
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JP2007097496A5 (en
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Hiroshi Shoji
博志 小路
Toshikazu Sugimoto
利和 杉本
Rie Matsuki
理恵 松木
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Asahi Breweries Ltd
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Asahi Breweries Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for effectively producing using liquid koji, sweet drink made from fermented rice, having quality the same as conventional sweet drink made from fermented rice, using solid koji, and having no inferiority in sensuality. <P>SOLUTION: This method for producing the sweet drink made from fermented rice comprises using liquid koji. The method comprises using as a culture raw material, liquid koji which is obtained by culturing Aspergillus oryzae at least in one kind of liquid medium selected from a liquid medium containing cereals whose the whole or at least part of the surface is covered with cereal husks, a liquid medium containing beans and/or corms whose surface is covered with outer skin, and a liquid medium containing Amaranthus and/or quinua which are not subjected to pretreatment such as grinding and crushing. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、液体麹を用いた甘酒の製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for producing amazake using liquid koji.

古くから飲用されている甘酒は、蒸米、米麹及び水を主原料とするものである。甘酒の製造において、でん粉質原料の糖化を行うために用いられる米麹は、従来、穀類表面上に麹菌を生育させた固体麹が用いられてきた。
固体麹は、伝統的な製造方法で得られるものであるが、固体培養という特殊な培養形態であるため、大規模製造に不向きである。
即ち、固体培養法は、原料や麹菌が不均一に分散する培養系であるため、温度や水分含量、各種栄養成分といった因子を均一にすることが困難であり、その培養制御は大変煩雑である。また、開放状態で製麹されることも多く、この場合は、雑菌による汚染といった品質管理面での注意も要する。そのため、大規模製造には不向きな方法と言える。
Amazake, which has been drunk since ancient times, is mainly made from steamed rice, rice bran and water. In the production of amazake, the rice bran used for saccharification of the starchy raw material has conventionally been a solid koji made by growing koji molds on the cereal surface.
Solid koji is obtained by a traditional production method, but is not suitable for large-scale production because it is a special culture form called solid culture.
That is, since the solid culture method is a culture system in which raw materials and koji molds are dispersed non-uniformly, it is difficult to make uniform factors such as temperature, moisture content, and various nutritional components, and the culture control is very complicated. . In addition, iron is often produced in an open state, and in this case, attention is required in terms of quality control such as contamination by various bacteria. Therefore, it can be said that this method is not suitable for large-scale manufacturing.

一方、水に原料及びその他の栄養源を添加して液体培地を調製し、これに麹菌の胞子又は前培養した菌糸等を接種して培養する液体麹は、培養制御や品質管理が容易であることから、効率的な生産に適した培養形態であると言える。
しかしながら、この液体麹は、甘酒など発酵飲食品の製造に必要な酵素活性が充分に得られないことが当業者によく知られており、これまで実製造で使用された例はない。
On the other hand, a liquid medium prepared by adding a raw material and other nutrients to water to prepare a liquid medium and inoculating this with a spore of gonococcus or precultured hyphae is easy to control and quality control. Therefore, it can be said that the culture form is suitable for efficient production.
However, it is well known to those skilled in the art that this liquid koji cannot sufficiently obtain the enzyme activity necessary for the production of fermented foods and drinks such as amazake, and there has been no example of actual use until now.

液体培養法で得られる培養物が甘酒を含む発酵飲食品の製造に利用されない大きな理由として、上記理由の他に、液体培養では麹菌のアミラーゼ、セルラーゼ等の酵素生産挙動が固体培養と大きく異なるばかりか、全般的に生産性が低下することが知られている(非特許文献1参照)。   As a major reason why the culture obtained by the liquid culture method is not used for the production of fermented foods and drinks containing amazake, in addition to the above reasons, the enzyme production behavior of gonococci amylase, cellulase and the like is greatly different in liquid culture from solid culture. Moreover, it is known that productivity generally decreases (see Non-Patent Document 1).

Iwashita K. et a1:Biosci. Biotechno1. Bioche.,62,1938-1946(1998)、山根雄一ら:日本醸造協会誌.,99,84-92(2004)Iwashita K. et a1: Biosci. Biotechno1. Bioche., 62, 1938-1946 (1998), Yuichi Yamane et al .: Journal of the Japan Brewing Association., 99, 84-92 (2004)

本発明者らは、上記従来の問題点を解消するため、鋭意検討を重ねた。
その結果、本発明者らは、本発明者らが既に開発している、培養原料として、表面が穀皮で覆われた穀類を含む液体培地で白麹菌及び/又は黒麹菌を培養して、培養物中にグルコアミラーゼと耐酸性α−アミラーゼとを同時に生成、蓄積させることにより、グルコアミラーゼ及び耐酸性α−アミラーゼ活性の高い液体麹を製造する方法(例えば、特願2004−350661号)によって得られた液体麹によれば、従来の固体米麹を用いた甘酒と同程度の品質を持ち、官能的にも遜色のない甘酒を製造しうることを見出し、この知見に基づいて本発明を完成するに至った。
The inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies in order to solve the conventional problems.
As a result, the present inventors have already developed the white koji mold and / or the black koji mold in a liquid medium containing cereals whose surface is covered with husks, as a culture raw material that the present inventors have already developed. By simultaneously producing and accumulating glucoamylase and acid-resistant α-amylase in the culture, a method for producing a liquid koji with high glucoamylase and acid-resistant α-amylase activity (for example, Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-350661) According to the obtained liquid koji, it has been found that it can produce amazake that has the same level of quality as that of conventional sweet rice koji using solid rice koji and that is not sensuously inferior. It came to be completed.

本発明は、従来の固体麹(固体米麹)を用いた甘酒と同程度の品質を持ち、官能的にも遜色のない甘酒を、液体麹を用いて効率よく製造する方法を提供することを目的とするものである。   The present invention is to provide a method for efficiently producing amazake, which has the same quality as that of a sweet sake using conventional solid koji (solid rice koji), and that is not sensuously inferior using liquid koji. It is the purpose.

請求項1に係る本発明は、液体麹を用いた甘酒の製造方法であって、培養原料として、表面の全部又は一部が少なくとも穀皮で覆われた穀類を含む液体培地と、表面が外皮で覆われた豆類及び/又は芋類を含む液体培地と、細砕や粉砕などの前処理をしないアマランサス及び/又はキヌアを含む液体培地と、から選ばれた少なくとも1種の液体培地で麹菌を培養して得た液体麹を使用することを特徴とする液体麹を用いた甘酒の製造方法を提供するものである。
請求項2に係る本発明は、麹菌が、白麹菌及び/又は黒麹菌である請求項1記載の液体麹を用いた甘酒の製造方法を提供するものである。
The present invention according to claim 1 is a method for producing amazake using liquid koji, wherein the culture medium includes a liquid medium containing cereals in which the whole or a part of the surface is at least covered with husk, and the surface is hulled. The gonococci are obtained in at least one liquid medium selected from a liquid medium containing beans and / or moss covered with a liquid, and a liquid medium containing amaranth and / or quinoa without pretreatment such as comminution or pulverization. The present invention provides a method for producing amazake using a liquid koji characterized by using the liquid koji obtained by culturing.
The present invention according to claim 2 provides a method for producing amazake using liquid koji according to claim 1, wherein the koji mold is a white koji mold and / or a black koji mold.

本発明によれば、液体麹を用いた甘酒の製造方法が提供される。
この方法によれば、従来の固体麹(固体米麹)を用いた甘酒と同程度の品質を持ち、官能的にも遜色のない甘酒を、液体麹を用いて効率よく製造することができる。
さらに、液体培養は、固体培養に比べて厳密な培養コントロールが可能であるため、液体麹を用いることにより、安定した品質の甘酒を安価に、かつ、効率よく製造することができる。
また、本発明によれば、固体麹(固体米麹)を使用する従来の甘酒製造とは異なり、全工程を液相のままで行うことが可能であるので、従来に比べて、効率的、かつ、安定的な甘酒製造システムを提供することができる。例えば、液体麹を作成したタンクに蒸米を入れ攪拌することで、1タンクで容易に甘酒を製造することができる。
According to the present invention, a method for producing amazake using liquid koji is provided.
According to this method, a sweet liquor having the same quality as that of a sweet sake using a conventional solid koji (solid rice koji) and having no sensuously inferiority can be efficiently produced using a liquid koji.
Furthermore, since liquid culture allows stricter culture control than solid culture, stable quality amazake can be produced inexpensively and efficiently by using liquid koji.
In addition, according to the present invention, unlike the conventional amazake production using solid rice bran (solid rice bran), it is possible to carry out the entire process in the liquid phase, which is more efficient than the conventional method. In addition, a stable amazake production system can be provided. For example, amazake can be easily produced in one tank by adding steamed rice to a tank in which a liquid koji is prepared and stirring.

さらにまた、本発明によれば、種々の原料や麹菌株を用いた麹菌培養物を組み合わせて製造した液体麹を使用することで、甘酒のバラエティー化も極めて容易となる。例えば、大豆液体麹で甘酒を作り高機能性を有する甘酒とすることができる。また、小豆液体麹で赤色の甘酒を造ることができるし、黒豆(黒大豆)液体麹でおめでたい甘酒を造ることもできる。次に、紫芋液体麹で赤色付き甘酒を造ることができるし、そば液体麹でルチン入り甘酒を作ることもでき、さらに、紅麹液体麹で赤い甘酒を造ることもできる。さらにまた、麦液体麹で変り種甘酒を造ることもできる。
従って、本発明は、甘酒製造における更なるバラエティー化に貢献することができる。
Furthermore, according to the present invention, the use of liquid koji produced by combining koji mold cultures using various raw materials and koji strains makes it very easy to make amazake variety. For example, a sweet sake made from soybean liquid can be made into a highly functional sweet sake. You can also make red amazake with red bean liquid koji, or you can make a congratulatory amazake with black bean (black soybean) liquid koji. Next, you can make red-colored amazake with purple koji liquid koji, you can make rutin amazake with buckwheat liquid koji, and you can also make red amazake with koji liquid koji. Furthermore, it is also possible to make a varieties of sweet sake by changing with wheat liquid koji.
Therefore, the present invention can contribute to further variety in the production of amazake.

以下、本発明について具体的に説明する。
請求項1に係る本発明は、液体麹を用いた甘酒の製造方法に関し、培養原料として、表面の全部又は一部が少なくとも穀皮で覆われた穀類を含む液体培地と、表面が外皮で覆われた豆類及び/又は芋類を含む液体培地と、細砕や粉砕などの前処理をしないアマランサス及び/又はキヌアを含む液体培地と、から選ばれた少なくとも1種の液体培地で麹菌を培養して得た液体麹を使用することを特徴とするものである。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described.
The present invention according to claim 1 relates to a method for producing amazake using liquid koji, as a culture raw material, a liquid medium containing cereals in which the whole or a part of the surface is at least covered with husk, and the surface covered with hull. Aspergillus is cultured in at least one liquid medium selected from the group consisting of a liquid medium containing dried beans and / or moss and a liquid medium containing amaranth and / or quinoa without pretreatment such as comminution or grinding. The liquid so obtained is used.

請求項1に係る本発明においては、培養原料として、表面の全部又は一部が少なくとも穀皮で覆われた穀類を含む液体培地と、表面が外皮で覆われた豆類及び/又は芋類を含む液体培地と、細砕や粉砕などの前処理をしないアマランサス及び/又はキヌアを含む液体培地と、から選ばれた少なくとも1種の液体培地を用い、このような液体培地で麹菌を培養している。そのため、当該穀類等中のでん粉の糖化に時間がかかり、培養系への糖の放出速度が抑制され、液体麹の酵素活性が増強される。しかも、グルコアミラーゼと耐酸性α−アミラーゼが同時にバランスよく生成、蓄積される。   In the present invention according to claim 1, as a culture raw material, a liquid medium containing cereals whose surfaces are entirely or partially covered with husks, and beans and / or moss whose surfaces are covered with husks are included. Aspergillus is cultivated in such a liquid medium using at least one liquid medium selected from a liquid medium and a liquid medium containing amaranthus and / or quinoa that is not pretreated such as pulverization or crushing. . Therefore, it takes time to saccharify the starch in the cereal and the like, the sugar release rate to the culture system is suppressed, and the enzyme activity of the liquid koji is enhanced. In addition, glucoamylase and acid-resistant α-amylase are simultaneously generated and accumulated in a balanced manner.

請求項1に係る本発明においては、上記したように液体麹の培養原料として、種々の原料を用いることができる。
請求項1に係る本発明においては、液体麹の培養原料として用いる穀類としては、大麦、裸麦、米、小麦、そば、ヒエ、アワ、キビ、コウリャン、トウモロコシ等を挙げることができる。これらの原料の形状としては、表面の全部又は一部が少なくとも穀皮で覆われていることが必要であって、未精白物、または少なくとも穀皮が穀粒の表面に残されている程度までに精白された精白歩合以上のもの等を用いることができ、玄米、玄麦なども使用できる。米の場合には、種類や銘柄は問わないし、玄米は勿論のこと、籾殻が全部付いているものでもよいし、籾殻が一部付いているものでもよい。また、発芽玄米でもよい。
例えば、穀類が大麦の場合、未精白の精白歩合100%のもの、或いは未精白の精白歩合を100%とし、この未精白の精白歩合(100%)から大麦の穀皮歩合(一般的には7〜8%)を差し引いた割合、すなわち92〜93%程度の精白歩合以上のものである。
In the present invention according to claim 1, as described above, various raw materials can be used as the raw material for culturing liquid koji.
In the present invention according to claim 1, examples of cereals used as a raw material for culturing liquid koji include barley, barley, rice, wheat, buckwheat, millet, millet, millet, cucumber, and corn. As the shape of these raw materials, it is necessary that all or part of the surface is covered with at least the husk, and to the extent that the unmilled product or at least the husk is left on the surface of the grain. More than the whitening ratio that has been refined, etc. can be used, and brown rice, brown wheat, etc. can also be used. In the case of rice, there are no restrictions on the type or brand, and brown rice, as well as rice husks may be attached entirely, or rice husks may be partly attached. Germinated brown rice may also be used.
For example, when the cereal is barley, the unpolished milling ratio is 100%, or the unmilled milling ratio is 100%, and the unmilled milling ratio (100%) to the barley grain ratio (generally 7 to 8%) is subtracted, that is, a fineness ratio of about 92 to 93%.

ここで、精白歩合とは、穀類を精白して残った穀類の割合を言い、例えば精白歩合90%とは、穀類の表層部の穀皮等を10%削り取ることを意味する。また、本発明において、玄麦とは、未精白の麦から穀皮が穀粒の表面に残されている程度までに精白されたものであり、精白歩合90%以上のものを含む。また、穀皮とは、穀類の粒の表面を覆っている外側部位のことを言う。   Here, the milling ratio refers to the ratio of cereals left after milling cereals. For example, the milling ratio of 90% means that 10% of the skin of the surface layer of cereals is scraped off. Moreover, in the present invention, the unpolished barley is one that has been whitened from unmilled wheat to the extent that the grain skin is left on the surface of the grain, and includes one with a fineness ratio of 90% or more. Moreover, a grain skin means the outer side part which has covered the surface of the grain of cereals.

請求項1に係る本発明において、液体麹の培養原料として用いる豆類や芋類としては、種々のものを用いることができ、大豆、小豆、サツマイモ、紫芋等を挙げることができる。これらの培養原料は、外皮の汚れを洗い落とすのみで、裁断、粉砕処理などの加工は全く行なわないものである。   In the present invention according to claim 1, various beans and potatoes used as a raw material for culturing liquid koji can be used, such as soybeans, red beans, sweet potatoes, and purple koji. These culture raw materials only wash away the dirt on the outer skin, and do not perform any processing such as cutting and grinding.

請求項1に係る本発明において、液体麹の培養原料として用いるアマランサスは、ヒユ科ヒユ属植物の総称で、穀類のなかでは蛋白質含量が高く、アミノ酸の一つであるリジンの含量は大豆に匹敵する。また、精白米に比べても、カルシウム、鉄分、繊維質を多く含む高栄養価穀物であり、原産国は、中南米諸国、インド、ヒマラヤ、ネパールの特定地域である。一方、キヌアは、アガサ科の一年草であり、主にペルー南部やボリビア西部のアンデス山脈などの高地で栽培されており、ミネラル、ビタミン、蛋白質、食物繊維を豊富に含んでいる。
培養原料のアマランサスとキヌアは、単独で用いてもよく、或いは組み合わせて用いてもよい。これらは、細砕や粉砕などの前処理をすることなく、液体培地の調製に用いる。
In the present invention according to claim 1, amaranth used as a raw material for liquid koji is a general term for the Amaranthaceae plant and has a high protein content in cereals. To do. Compared with milled rice, it is a highly nutritious grain that contains a lot of calcium, iron and fiber, and its country of origin is a specific region in Latin America, India, Himalayas, and Nepal. Quinua, on the other hand, is an annual plant of the Agasaceae family and is cultivated mainly in the highlands of southern Peru and the Andes in western Bolivia and is rich in minerals, vitamins, proteins and dietary fiber.
The culture raw materials amaranth and quinoa may be used alone or in combination. These are used for the preparation of a liquid medium without pretreatment such as comminution or pulverization.

上記の培養原料は、単独で、或いは2種以上を組み合わせて、以下の液体培地の調製に用いる。
すなわち、上記の培養原料は、水と混合して液体培地を調製する。原料の配合割合は、麹菌の培養中にグルコアミラーゼ及び耐酸性α−アミラーゼが選択的に生成、蓄積される程度のものに調整される。
例えば、籾殻を除いた玄米を培養原料とした場合には、水に対して玄米を1〜20%(w/vol)、好ましくは5〜13%(w/vol)、より好ましくは8〜10%(w/vol)を添加した液体培地に調製される。
次に、大麦または裸麦を培養原料とした場合には、水に対して大麦または裸麦を1〜20%(w/vol)添加した液体培地に調製される。また、無精白の大麦または裸麦を用いた場合には、さらに好ましくは8〜10%(w/vol)添加した液体培地に調製され、95%精白した大麦または裸麦を原料とした場合には、さらに好ましくは1〜4%(w/vol)添加した液体培地に調製される。
また、そばを培養原料とした場合には、水に対してそばを1〜20%(w/vol)添加した液体培地に調製される。また、無精白のそばを用いた場合には、さらに好ましくは8〜10%(w/vol)添加した液体培地に調製され、95%精白したそばを原料とした場合には、さらに好ましくは1〜4%(w/vol)添加した液体培地に調製される。
The above-mentioned culture raw materials are used alone or in combination of two or more for preparing the following liquid medium.
That is, the above culture raw material is mixed with water to prepare a liquid medium. The blending ratio of the raw materials is adjusted so that glucoamylase and acid-resistant α-amylase are selectively generated and accumulated during culturing of Aspergillus.
For example, when brown rice excluding rice husks is used as a culture raw material, brown rice is 1 to 20% (w / vol), preferably 5 to 13% (w / vol), more preferably 8 to 10% with respect to water. Prepared in a liquid medium supplemented with% (w / vol).
Next, when barley or bare barley is used as a culture raw material, it is prepared in a liquid medium in which 1 to 20% (w / vol) of barley or bare barley is added to water. In addition, when using unpolished barley or bare barley, more preferably 8 to 10% (w / vol) is added to the liquid medium, and 95% refined barley or bare barley is used as a raw material. More preferably, it is prepared in a liquid medium supplemented with 1 to 4% (w / vol).
In addition, when buckwheat is used as a culture raw material, it is prepared in a liquid medium in which 1-20% (w / vol) of buckwheat is added to water. In addition, when using non-refined buckwheat, it is more preferably prepared in a liquid medium supplemented with 8 to 10% (w / vol), and more preferably 1 when using 95% polished buckwheat as a raw material. Prepared in liquid medium supplemented with ~ 4% (w / vol).

豆類を培養原料とした場合には、水に対して豆類を1〜10%(w/vol)、好ましくは大豆(黒大豆、つまり黒豆を含む)であれば8〜10%(w/vol)、小豆であれば1〜2%(w/vol)添加した液体培地に調製される。また、芋類を培養原料とした場合には、水に対して芋類を1〜10%(w/vol)添加した液体培地に調製される。   When beans are used as culture raw materials, beans are 1 to 10% (w / vol) with respect to water, preferably 8 to 10% (w / vol) if soybeans (including black soybeans, that is, black beans) are used. In the case of red beans, it is prepared in a liquid medium supplemented with 1 to 2% (w / vol). Moreover, when moss is used as a culture raw material, it is prepared in a liquid medium to which moss is added in an amount of 1 to 10% (w / vol) with respect to water.

また、例えば、アマランサスを培養原料とした場合は、水に対して1.5%(w/vol)から15%(w/vol)、好ましくは2%(w/vol)から10%(w/vol)、より好ましくは2%(w/vol)から8%(w/vol)を添加した液体培地に調製される。一方、キヌアの場合は、水に対して1.5%(w/vol)から7%(w/vol)、好ましくは2%(w/vol)から6%(w/vol)、より好ましくは2%(w/vol)から4%(w/vol)を添加した液体培地に調製される。   For example, when amaranth is used as a culture raw material, it is 1.5% (w / vol) to 15% (w / vol), preferably 2% (w / vol) to 10% (w / w) with respect to water. vol), more preferably 2% (w / vol) to 8% (w / vol). On the other hand, in the case of quinoa, 1.5% (w / vol) to 7% (w / vol), preferably 2% (w / vol) to 6% (w / vol), more preferably, relative to water. Prepared in liquid medium supplemented with 2% (w / vol) to 4% (w / vol).

このように、使用する培養原料の精白度、使用する紅麹菌株、培養原料の種類等によって、最適な配合使用量は異なるので、適宜選択すればよい。   As described above, the optimum blending amount varies depending on the degree of whitening of the culture raw material to be used, the red yeast strain used, the type of the culture raw material, and the like.

適量の上記原料を添加した液体培地で麹菌を培養すると、グルコアミラーゼと耐酸性α−アミラーゼが同時にバランスよく高生産され、甘酒製造に使用するのに充分な酵素活性を有する液体麹が得られる。
なお、培養原料の使用量が上限値を超えると、培養液の粘性が高くなり、麹菌を好気培養するために必要な酸素や空気の供給が不十分となり、培養物中の酸素濃度が低下して、培養が進み難くなるので好ましくない。一方、培養原料の使用量が下限値に満たないと、目的とする酵素が高生産されない。
When koji molds are cultured in a liquid medium to which an appropriate amount of the above-mentioned raw materials are added, glucoamylase and acid-resistant α-amylase are simultaneously produced in a well-balanced and high yield, and a liquid koji having sufficient enzyme activity for use in amazake production is obtained.
In addition, if the amount of culture raw material used exceeds the upper limit, the viscosity of the culture solution becomes high, the supply of oxygen and air necessary for aerobic culture of Neisseria gonorrhoeae becomes insufficient, and the oxygen concentration in the culture decreases. Then, it is not preferable because the culture becomes difficult to proceed. On the other hand, if the amount of culture raw material used is less than the lower limit, the target enzyme will not be produced at a high rate.

上記原料に含まれるでん粉は、培養前に予め糊化しておいてもよい。でん粉の糊化方法については特に限定はなく、蒸きょう法、焙炒法等、常法に従って行なえばよい。後述する液体培地の殺菌工程において、高温高圧滅菌等により、でん粉の糊化温度以上に加熱する場合は、この処理によりでん粉の糊化も同時に行なわれる。   The starch contained in the raw material may be pregelatinized before culturing. The gelatinization method of starch is not particularly limited, and may be performed according to a conventional method such as a steaming method or a roasting method. In the sterilization step of the liquid medium, which will be described later, when heating to a temperature higher than the gelatinization temperature of starch by high-temperature high-pressure sterilization or the like, the gelatinization of starch is simultaneously performed by this treatment.

液体培地には、前述の原料の他に、栄養源として有機物、無機塩等を適宜添加するのが好ましい。
これらの添加物は、麹菌の培養に一般に使用されているものであれば特に限定はないが、有機物としては米糠、小麦麩、コーンスティープリカー、大豆粕、脱脂大豆等を、無機塩としてはアンモニウム塩、硝酸塩、カリウム塩、酸性リン酸塩、カルシウム塩、マグネシウム塩等の水溶性の化合物を挙げることができ、2種類以上の有機物及び/又は無機塩を同時に使用してもよい。これらの添加量は、麹菌の増殖を促進する程度であれば特に限定はないが、有機物としては0.1〜5%(w/vol)程度、無機塩としては0.1〜1%(w/vol)程度添加するのが好ましい。
このようにして得られる麹菌の液体培地は、必要に応じて滅菌処理を行なってもよく、処理方法には特に限定はない。例としては、高温高圧滅菌法を挙げることができ、121℃で15分間行なえばよい。
In addition to the above-mentioned raw materials, it is preferable to add organic substances, inorganic salts and the like as nutrient sources to the liquid medium as appropriate.
These additives are not particularly limited as long as they are generally used for culturing koji mold, but organic substances include rice bran, wheat straw, corn steep liquor, soybean meal, defatted soybean, etc., and inorganic salts such as ammonium. Water-soluble compounds such as salts, nitrates, potassium salts, acidic phosphates, calcium salts, and magnesium salts can be mentioned, and two or more kinds of organic substances and / or inorganic salts may be used simultaneously. These addition amounts are not particularly limited as long as they promote the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but are about 0.1 to 5% (w / vol) for organic substances and 0.1 to 1% (w for inorganic salts) / Vol) is preferably added.
The liquid medium of Aspergillus thus obtained may be sterilized as necessary, and the treatment method is not particularly limited. As an example, a high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization method can be mentioned, which may be performed at 121 ° C. for 15 minutes.

滅菌した液体培地を培養温度まで冷却後、麹菌を液体培地に接種する。
請求項1に係る本発明で用いる麹菌は、糖質分解酵素生産能を有する麹菌、好ましくはグルコアミラーゼ生産能、耐酸性α−アミラーゼ生産能を有する麹菌であり、例えば、アスペルギルス・カワチ(Aspergillus kawachii)等に代表される白麹菌、アスペルギルス・アワモリ(Aspergillus awamori)やアスペルギルス・ニガー(Aspergillus niger)等に代表される黒麹菌を挙げることができる。この他、必要に応じて黄麹菌や紅麹菌を用いることもできる。黄麹菌としては、例えば、アスペルギルス・オリーゼ(Aspergillus oryzae)、アスペルギルス・ソーヤ(Aspergillus sojae)等を挙げることができる。また、紅麹菌としては、例えばモナスカス・パープレウス(Monascus purpureus)NBRC4478、NBRC4482、NBRC4484、NBRC4485、NBRC4486、NBRC4489、NBRC5965などを挙げることができる。このように紅麹菌を用いた場合には、赤い甘酒を造ることができる。
これら麹菌は、一種を単独で用いてもよいし、或いは二種以上を併用してもよい。また、培地に接種する麹菌の形態は任意であり、胞子又は菌糸を用いることができる。
The sterilized liquid medium is cooled to the culture temperature, and then the koji mold is inoculated into the liquid medium.
The koji mold used in the present invention according to claim 1 is a koji mold having a saccharide-degrading enzyme-producing ability, preferably a koji mold having a glucoamylase-producing ability and an acid-resistant α-amylase-producing ability. For example, Aspergillus kawachii ) And the like, and Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus niger. In addition, yellow koji mold or red koji mold can be used as necessary. Examples of Aspergillus oryzae include Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus sojae. Examples of the red koji mold include Monascus purpureus NBRC4478, NBRC4482, NBRC4484, NBRC4485, NBRC4486, NBRC4489, and NBRC5965. Thus, when red koji mold is used, a red amazake can be made.
These koji molds may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Moreover, the form of the koji mold inoculated into the medium is arbitrary, and spores or hyphae can be used.

これら麹菌は、一種類の菌株による培養、又は同種若しくは異種の二種類以上の菌株による混合培養のどちらでも用いることができる。これらは、胞子又は前培養により得られる菌糸のどちらの形態のものを用いても問題はないが、菌糸を用いる方が対数増殖期に要する時間が短くなるので好ましい。麹菌の液体培地への接種量には特に制限はないが、液体培地1ml当り、胞子であれば1×10〜1×10個程度、菌糸であれば前培養液を0.1〜10%程度接種することが好ましい。 These koji molds can be used either by culturing with one kind of strain or mixed culturing with two or more kinds of the same or different kinds of strains. There is no problem with using either spores or hyphae obtained by preculture, but it is preferable to use mycelia because the time required for the logarithmic growth phase is shortened. There is no particular limitation on the amount of koji mold inoculated into the liquid medium, but about 1 × 10 4 to 1 × 10 6 spores per 1 ml of the liquid medium, and 0.1 to 10 of the preculture solution for mycelia. It is preferable to inoculate about 1%.

麹菌の培養温度は、生育に影響を及ぼさない限りであれば特に限定はないが、好ましくは25〜45℃、より好ましくは30〜40℃で行なうのがよい。培養温度が低いと麹菌の増殖が遅くなるため雑菌による汚染が起きやすくなる。培養時間は24〜72時間で培養するのが好ましい。
培養装置は液体培養を行なうことができるものであればよいが、麹菌は好気培養を行なう必要があるので、酸素や空気を培地中に供給できる好気的条件下で行なう必要がある。
また、培養中は培地中の原料、酸素、及び麹菌が装置内に均一に分布するように撹拌をするのが好ましい。撹拌条件や通気量については、培養環境を好気的に保つことができる条件であればいかなる条件でもよく、培養装置、培地の粘度等により適宜選択すればよい。
The culture temperature of the koji mold is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the growth, but it is preferably 25 to 45 ° C, more preferably 30 to 40 ° C. If the culture temperature is low, the growth of Aspergillus oryzae slows down, and contamination with various bacteria tends to occur. The culture time is preferably 24 to 72 hours.
Any culture apparatus may be used as long as it can perform liquid culture. However, since Neisseria gonorrhoeae needs to perform aerobic culture, it needs to be performed under aerobic conditions in which oxygen and air can be supplied into the medium.
Moreover, it is preferable to stir so that the raw material, oxygen, and koji mold in the medium are uniformly distributed in the apparatus during the culture. The stirring conditions and the aeration amount may be any conditions as long as the culture environment can be maintained aerobically, and may be appropriately selected depending on the culture apparatus, the viscosity of the medium, and the like.

上記の培養法で培養することにより、甘酒製造に使用できる酵素活性を有する液体麹となる。なお、本発明において液体麹とは、培養したそのものの他に、培養物を遠心分離等することにより得られる培養液、それらの濃縮物又はそれらの乾燥物等も包含するものとする。   By culturing by the above culture method, a liquid koji having enzyme activity that can be used for the production of amazake is obtained. In addition, in this invention, the liquid rice cake shall include the culture solution obtained by centrifuging a culture, those concentrates, those dry matters, etc. other than having culture | cultivated itself.

本発明においては、種々の原料や麹菌株を用いた麹菌培養物を組み合わせて製造した液体麹を使用することができる。
このようにして得られた液体麹は、本発明に係る甘酒の製造に用いられる。
甘酒の製造にあたり、固体麹の代わりに、当該液体麹を用いること以外は、既知の製造方法に従って甘酒を製造することができる。
In the present invention, liquid koji produced by combining koji mold cultures using various raw materials and koji strains can be used.
The liquid koji thus obtained is used for the production of amazake according to the present invention.
In the production of amazake, amazake can be produced according to a known production method except that the liquid koji is used instead of the solid koji.

甘酒の製造法の一例を示すと、まず原料として用いるでん粉質原料については、米が挙げられ、通常、精白米が用いられる。この米は、洗米、浸漬、蒸し工程を経て、次の仕込み工程に供される。
上記でん粉質原料を糖化・熟成するために、もろみ仕込み段階において、固体麹の代わりに前記した如き液体麹が、水、必要に応じて加える糖化酵素などと共に使用される。
前記した如き液体麹は、グルコアミラーゼ、耐酸性α−アミラーゼ等の酵素を同時にバランスよく含んでいるため、でん粉質を分解して糖分を、タンパク質を分解してアミノ酸を生成する。これらは、もろみ中で二次的に反応することによって、さらに複雑な多くの香味成分を醸成する。
糖化は、通常、55〜65℃で5〜24時間程度行われる。これによって、Brixが20前後のもろみが得られる。
糖化を行い、熟成した後のもろみは、必要に応じてろ過を行って残渣を除き、その後煮沸し殺菌を行って製品とされる。
As an example of the method for producing amazake, the starchy raw material used as a raw material is rice, and polished rice is usually used. This rice is subjected to the next preparation step after washing, dipping and steaming.
In order to saccharify and ripen the starchy raw material, in the mash preparation stage, instead of solid koji, liquid koji as described above is used together with water, saccharifying enzyme to be added if necessary.
Since the liquid koji as described above contains enzymes such as glucoamylase and acid-resistant α-amylase in a balanced manner, the starch is decomposed to produce sugar and the protein to produce amino acids. These produce a number of more complex flavor components by reacting secondarily in the mash.
Saccharification is usually performed at 55 to 65 ° C. for about 5 to 24 hours. As a result, a moromi with a Brix of around 20 is obtained.
After saccharification and aging, the mash is filtered as necessary to remove the residue, then boiled and sterilized to obtain a product.

上記した液体麹を用いて甘酒を製造する場合には、基本的に全工程を液相で行なうことができる。例えば、液体麹を作成したタンクに蒸米を入れ攪拌することで、1タンクで容易に甘酒を製造することができる。   In the case of producing amazake using the liquid koji described above, basically all steps can be performed in the liquid phase. For example, amazake can be easily produced in one tank by adding steamed rice to a tank in which a liquid koji is prepared and stirring.

以下、本発明を実施例によってより具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。   EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention more concretely, this invention is not limited to these Examples.

実施例1(液体麹を用いた甘酒の製造)
(I)液体麹の製造
1)前培養方法;90%精白米(茨城県産コシヒカリ)8gと水100mlを500mlバッフル付三角フラスコに張り込み、121℃、15分間オートクレーブ滅菌を行って、前培養培地とした。この前培養培地に、白麹菌[アスペルギルス・カワチ(Aspergillus kawachii)NBRC4308]を1×10個/mlとなるように植菌し、37℃、24時間、100rpmで振とう培養することにより、前培養液を得た。
Example 1 (Production of amazake using liquid koji)
(I) Production of liquid koji 1) Pre-culture method: 8% 90% polished rice (Koshihikari from Ibaraki Prefecture) and 100ml of water are placed in a 500ml Erlenmeyer flask with baffle, autoclaved at 121 ° C for 15 minutes, and preculture medium It was. By inoculating this pre-culture medium at 1 × 10 6 cells / ml of Aspergillus kawachii NBRC4308 and culturing at 37 ° C. for 24 hours with shaking at 100 rpm, A culture broth was obtained.

2)本培養方法;玄米(茨城県産コシヒカリ)8gと、KNO3 0.2g、KH2PO4 0.3gと水100mlを500mlバッフル付三角フラスコに張り込み、121℃、15分間オートクレーブ滅菌した。この本培養培地へ上記の前培養液を1ml植菌し、37℃、72時間、攪拌速度100rpmで振とう培養し、液体麹を得た。   2) Main culture method: 8 g of brown rice (Koshihikari produced in Ibaraki Prefecture), 0.2 g of KNO3, 0.3 g of KH2PO4 and 100 ml of water were placed in a 500 ml baffled Erlenmeyer flask and autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 15 minutes. 1 ml of the above preculture was inoculated into this main culture medium, and cultured with shaking at 37 ° C. for 72 hours at a stirring speed of 100 rpm to obtain a liquid koji.

(II)甘酒の製造
前記(I)で得られた液体麹を用い、以下のようにして甘酒の製造を行った。
仕込み配合は表1の通りとした。米は90%精米(茨城県産コシヒカリ)を用い、洗浄後、水に60分間浸漬し、30分間水切りした後、1時間蒸煮し、放冷した。
表1に示す配合の仕込み原料を用い、糖化を55℃で16時間行い、甘酒を製造した。
(II) Production of Amazake Using the liquid koji obtained in (I), amazake was produced as follows.
The charging composition was as shown in Table 1. The rice was 90% polished rice (Koshihikari from Ibaraki Prefecture), washed, immersed in water for 60 minutes, drained for 30 minutes, cooked for 1 hour, and allowed to cool.
Saccharification was carried out at 55 ° C. for 16 hours using the raw materials blended as shown in Table 1 to produce amazake.

Figure 2007097496
Figure 2007097496

得られた液体麹仕込みの甘酒のBrixは20であった。
また、得られた液体麹仕込みの甘酒の官能評価を酒類専門パネル6名で行ったところ、甘酒として充分使用できる品質と判断された。
The obtained liquor with liquid koji had a Brix of 20.
Moreover, when the sensory evaluation of the obtained liquor prepared with the liquid koji was performed by 6 panelists specializing in alcoholic beverages, it was judged that the quality was sufficient for use as amazake.

本発明によれば、従来の固体麹を用いた甘酒と同程度の品質を持ち、官能的にも遜色のない甘酒を、液体麹を用いて効率よく製造することができる。液体培養は、固体培養に比べて厳密な培養コントロールが可能であるため、液体麹を用いることにより、安定した品質の甘酒を安価に、かつ、効率よく製造することができる。
また、本発明によれば、固体麹を使用する従来の甘酒製造とは異なり、全工程を液相のままで行うことが可能であるので、従来に比べて、効率的、かつ、安定的な甘酒製造システムを提供することができる。例えば、液体麹を作成したタンクに蒸米を入れ攪拌することで、1タンクで容易に甘酒を製造することができる。
さらにまた、種々の原料や麹菌株を用いた麹菌培養物を組み合わせて製造した液体麹を使用することで、甘酒のバラエティー化も極めて容易となる。
従って、本発明は、甘酒製造における更なるバラエティー化に貢献することができる。
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the sweet sake which has the same quality as the sweet sake using the conventional solid rice cake, and is not inferior even if it is sensory can be efficiently manufactured using a liquid rice cake. Since liquid culture allows stricter culture control than solid culture, stable quality amazake can be produced inexpensively and efficiently by using liquid koji.
In addition, according to the present invention, unlike conventional amazake production using solid koji, it is possible to perform the entire process in a liquid phase, so that it is more efficient and stable than the conventional method. Amazake production system can be provided. For example, amazake can be easily produced in one tank by adding steamed rice to a tank in which a liquid koji is prepared and stirring.
Furthermore, the use of liquid koji produced by combining koji mold cultures using various raw materials and koji strains makes it very easy to make amazake variety.
Therefore, the present invention can contribute to further variety in the production of amazake.

Claims (2)

液体麹を用いた甘酒の製造方法であって、培養原料として、表面の全部又は一部が少なくとも穀皮で覆われた穀類を含む液体培地と、表面が外皮で覆われた豆類及び/又は芋類を含む液体培地と、細砕や粉砕などの前処理をしないアマランサス及び/又はキヌアを含む液体培地と、から選ばれた少なくとも1種の液体培地で麹菌を培養して得た液体麹を使用することを特徴とする液体麹を用いた甘酒の製造方法。   A method for producing amazake using liquid koji, wherein a culture medium is a liquid medium containing cereals having all or part of the surface covered with at least husk, and beans and / or koji with the surface covered with husk. A liquid koji obtained by culturing koji molds in at least one liquid medium selected from the group consisting of a liquid medium containing sucrose and a liquid medium containing amaranthus and / or quinoa without pretreatment such as pulverization or pulverization A method for producing amazake using liquid koji, characterized by: 麹菌が、白麹菌及び/又は黒麹菌である請求項1記載の液体麹を用いた甘酒の製造方法。   The method for producing amazake using liquid koji according to claim 1, wherein the koji mold is a white koji mold and / or a black koji mold.
JP2005292352A 2005-10-05 2005-10-05 Method for producing sweet drink made from fermented rice using liquid koji Pending JP2007097496A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015057050A (en) * 2013-08-13 2015-03-26 株式会社シャローム Method for producing polyphenol-containing culture and polyphenol-containing culture
JP2015112019A (en) * 2013-12-06 2015-06-22 三和油脂株式会社 Manufacturing method of rice bran malt, and manufacturing method of saccharified rice bran malt and saccharified rice bran malt-grain flour using the same
CN109198433A (en) * 2018-10-26 2019-01-15 大连悠铭屋生物科技有限公司 A kind of instant rice fermentation rice song rice flour and preparation method thereof

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JPS59140872A (en) * 1983-02-02 1984-08-13 Kikunoka Syuzo Kk Production of brewed liquor
JP2003047455A (en) * 2001-08-06 2003-02-18 Takara Holdings Inc Method for producing liquid malted rice and its utilization

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59140872A (en) * 1983-02-02 1984-08-13 Kikunoka Syuzo Kk Production of brewed liquor
JP2003047455A (en) * 2001-08-06 2003-02-18 Takara Holdings Inc Method for producing liquid malted rice and its utilization

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015057050A (en) * 2013-08-13 2015-03-26 株式会社シャローム Method for producing polyphenol-containing culture and polyphenol-containing culture
JP2015112019A (en) * 2013-12-06 2015-06-22 三和油脂株式会社 Manufacturing method of rice bran malt, and manufacturing method of saccharified rice bran malt and saccharified rice bran malt-grain flour using the same
CN109198433A (en) * 2018-10-26 2019-01-15 大连悠铭屋生物科技有限公司 A kind of instant rice fermentation rice song rice flour and preparation method thereof

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