JP2007091544A - Reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a reactor having a flow passage structure where the cross-sectional dimensions of each flow passage are reduced, and also, each flow passage is long, and whose assembly is facilitated. <P>SOLUTION: The reactor is provided with: a reaction vessel 10 having a hollow; a first diaphragm 21 stored in the reaction vessel; and second diaphragms 41 to 47 stored in the reaction vessel. Cuts are made at least for either the first diaphragm or the second diaphragms, and the inside of the reaction vessel 10 is divided into a plurality of reaction chambers by the first diaphragm 21 and the second diaphragms 41 to 47 combined at the parts of the cuts, thus the assembly of the reactor 1 can be simplified. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a reaction apparatus that causes reaction of reactants, and more particularly to a reaction apparatus that generates hydrogen from liquid fuel.

  In recent years, development has been progressing in order to mount a fuel cell as a clean power source with high energy conversion efficiency in an automobile or a portable device. A fuel cell is a device that directly extracts electric energy from chemical energy by electrochemically reacting fuel and oxygen in the atmosphere.

  As a fuel used in a fuel cell, hydrogen alone can be mentioned, but there is a problem in handling due to being a gas at normal temperature and normal pressure. In contrast, in a reforming fuel cell that generates hydrogen by reforming a hydrocarbon-based liquid fuel having hydrogen atoms such as alcohols and gasoline, the fuel can be easily stored in a liquid state. In such a fuel cell, a vaporizer that vaporizes liquid fuel and water, a reformer that extracts hydrogen necessary for power generation by reacting the vaporized liquid fuel and high-temperature steam, and a by-product of the reforming reaction A reactor equipped with a reactor such as a carbon monoxide remover that removes carbon monoxide, which is a product, is required (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

In order to reduce the size of such a reforming fuel cell, development of a microreactor in which a vaporizer, a reformer, and a carbon monoxide remover are stacked (see, for example, Patent Document 2). In the configuration described in Patent Document 2, each of the vaporizer, the reformer, and the carbon monoxide remover is formed by joining a metal substrate having a groove serving as a flow path for fuel or the like. .
JP 2002-356310 A JP 2005-132712 A

  By the way, in order to reduce the size of a reactor such as a reformer or a carbon monoxide remover while maintaining the reaction efficiency, the cross-sectional dimension of the flow path is reduced and the reaction product up to the catalyst provided on the flow path surface is reduced. It is necessary to shorten the diffusion time and increase the reaction time by increasing the channel length. However, in order to reduce the cross-sectional dimension of the flow path and increase the flow path length, it is necessary to form a meandering flow path inside the reactor and to have a complicated flow path structure in order to increase the flow path length. There was a problem that the assembly was complicated.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a reaction apparatus having a flow path structure in which the cross-sectional dimension of the flow path is small and the flow path length is long, and includes a reactor that can be easily assembled.

  In order to solve the above problems, the invention according to claim 1 is a reaction apparatus including a reactor that causes a reaction of a reactant, wherein the reactor is housed in a hollow box and the box. And at least one first partition plate and a plurality of second partition plates housed in the box and arranged in parallel to each other, wherein the plurality of second partition plates are the first partition plates. It is provided in a direction perpendicular to the partition plate, and the interior space of the box is partitioned by the first partition plate and the second partition plate, thereby forming a reaction channel through which a reactant flows. And

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the reaction apparatus according to the first aspect, the box is opened at a lower surface, and a box-shaped member that accommodates the partition plate and the separate plate in the opening; and the lower surface opening. And the first partition plate is provided in parallel with the bottom plate.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the reaction apparatus according to the second aspect, the plurality of second partition plates are erected vertically on the bottom plate.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the reaction apparatus according to the first aspect, a cut is formed in at least one of the first partition plate and the second partition plate, and the first partition plate is formed at the cut portion. The partition plate and the second partition plate are combined.

  The invention according to claim 5 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the first partition plate and the second partition plate are joined by welding or brazing. And

  The invention according to claim 6 is the reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein edge portions of the first partition plate and the second partition plate are formed on an inner surface of the box. It is characterized by abutting.

  The invention according to claim 7 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the edge portion of the first partition plate and the second partition plate is either welded or brazed to the inner surface of the box. It is characterized by being joined by.

  The invention according to claim 8 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the inner space of the box is divided into a plurality of reaction chambers by the first partition plate and the second partition plate, A connection port that communicates between reaction chambers adjacent to each other in the vertical direction is formed in one partition plate, and a connection port that communicates between reaction chambers adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction is formed in the second partition plate. Features.

  The invention according to claim 9 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the interior space of the box is divided into a plurality of reaction chambers by the first partition plate and the second partition plate. A notch communicating between reaction chambers adjacent to each other vertically is formed at the end of one partition plate, and a notch communicating between reaction chambers adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction is formed at the end of the second partition plate. It is formed.

  A tenth aspect of the present invention is the reaction apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein the reaction apparatus is set to a first temperature and causes a reaction of a reactant, and the first temperature. A second reaction section that is set to a lower second temperature and causes a reaction of the reactant; and a connecting pipe that sends the reactant and product between the first reaction section and the second reaction section. , And at least one of the first reaction unit and the second reaction unit includes the reactor box.

  The invention according to claim 11 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the reaction apparatus further covers the first reaction part, the second reaction part, and the whole connecting pipe, It is provided with a heat insulating container which is set to a vacuum pressure.

  The invention according to claim 12 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the first reaction product is supplied to the first reaction unit to generate the first product, and the second reaction product is supplied to the first reaction unit. The reaction unit is supplied with the first product to produce a second product, and the first reaction product is a gas mixture obtained by vaporizing water and a hydrocarbon-based liquid fuel. The first reaction unit is a reformer that causes a reforming reaction of the first reactant, the first product contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and the second reaction unit includes: A carbon monoxide remover that removes carbon monoxide contained in the first product by selective oxidation.

  According to the present invention, the reactor in the reaction apparatus accommodates the first partition plate and the second partition plate orthogonal to each other in the box, and the first partition plate and the second partition in the interior space of the box. By partitioning with a partition plate to form a reaction channel through which a reactant flows, assembly of a reactor having a channel structure with a small channel cross-sectional dimension and a long channel length can be facilitated.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, although various technically preferable limitations for implementing the present invention are given to the embodiments described below, the scope of the invention is not limited to the following embodiments and illustrated examples.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a reactor 1 in the first embodiment of the reaction apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a two-side view of the reactor 1 in the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line III-III, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the reactor 1 includes a reaction vessel 10 and a partition member 20 accommodated in the reaction vessel 10.

  The reaction vessel 10 includes a box-shaped member 11 and a bottom plate 17. The box-shaped member 11 includes a rectangular top plate 12 and a pair of side plates 13 and 15 connected in a state of being vertically connected to the top plate 12 at two opposite sides of the four sides of the top plate 12; It has a pair of side plates 14 and 16 connected in a state of being vertically connected to the top plate 12 on two opposite sides of the top plate 12. The side plates 13 and 15 are connected in a state of being vertically connected to the side plates 14 and 16, and are provided in a square frame shape or a rectangular frame shape by these four side plates 13, 14, 15 and 16.

  The bottom plate 17 is joined to the lower sides of the side plates 13, 14, 15, 16 so that the bottom plate 17 is parallel to the top plate 12. In this way, the lower surface opening of the box-shaped member 11 is closed by the bottom plate 17, whereby the parallel tetrahedral reaction vessel 10 having a hollow shape is configured.

At the end of the bottom plate 17 on the side plate 13 side, an inlet 67 for introducing the reactant into the reaction vessel 10 and an outlet 99 for discharging the product to the outside of the reaction vessel 10 are provided. The introduction port 67 is provided between the side plate 14 and a wall plate 41 described later, and the discharge port 99 is provided between the wall plates 45 and 46 described later.
FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the partition member 20 used in the reactor 1 in the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, the partition member 20 includes a floor plate 21 (first partition plate) and seven wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, and 47 (second partition plates). Become.

  The floor plate 21 is provided in parallel with the top plate 12 and the bottom plate 17 in a state of being accommodated in the reaction vessel 10, and divides the inside of the reaction vessel 10 into two stages. As shown in FIG. 5, seven cuts 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 from the side plate 15 side are provided on the floor plate 21 with wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47. It is provided at equal intervals in parallel. The widths of the cuts 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, and 37 are equal to the thicknesses of the wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, and 47, respectively.

  Further, the end of the floor plate 21 on the side plate 15 side is divided into eight by seven cuts 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, and 37. Out of these eight ends, connection ports 69, 73, 77, 81, 85, 93 penetrating the floor plate 21 are provided in the first to fifth and eighth positions from the side plate 14 side.

  The wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 are provided in parallel with the side plates 14, 16, and divide the reaction vessel 10 into eight rows. In the wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, cuts 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57 are parallel to the floor plate 21 at the center in the height direction from the side plate 13 side. Is provided. The heights of the cuts 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57 are equal to the thickness of the floor board 21. The end portions of the wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 on the side plate 13 side are divided into two vertically by cuts 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57.

  The notches 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 and the corresponding notches 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57 have the sum of the lengths of the floor plate 21, the wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, and 47 are formed so as to be longer than the length in the cutting direction.

The first, third, and fifth wall plates 41, 43, and 45 from the side plate 14 side have connection ports 71, 79, and 87 that penetrate the wall plates 41, 43, and 45 on the upper end side on the side plate 13 side. Is provided.
The second and fourth wall plates 42 and 44 from the side plate 14 side are provided with connection ports 75 and 83 penetrating the wall plates 42 and 44 on the lower end side of the side plate 13 side.
The sixth wall plate 46 from the side plate 14 side is provided with two upper and lower connection ports 89 and 97 penetrating the wall plate 46 on the end side on the side plate 15 side.
The seventh wall plate 47 from the side plate 14 side is provided with connection ports 91 and 95 penetrating the wall plate 47 on both the upper and lower end sides on the side plate 13 side.

  The floor board 21 and the wall boards 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 hold the floor board 21 at the cuts 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, and the cuts 51, 52, 53. , 54, 55, 56, and 57 are combined vertically so that the wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, and 47 are sandwiched. This assembly portion may be welded or brazed. The floor plate 21 and the wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 can be securely fixed by welding or brazing. Further, the peripheral portions of the floor plate 21 and the wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 abut on the inner surface side of the top plate 12, the bottom plate 17 and the side plates 13, 14, 15, 16 in the reactor 1, Preferably they are joined by welding.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the reaction vessel 1 is divided into 16 reaction chambers 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90.92 by the partition material 20. , 94, 96, 98.
That is, the inside of the reaction vessel 1 is divided into an upper stage (between the floor board 21 and the top board) and a lower stage (between the bottom board 17 and the floor board 21) by the floor board 21. The upper stage is divided into eight reaction chambers 70, 72, 78, 80, 86, 88, 90, 92 by wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 as shown in FIG. ing. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the lower stage is divided into eight reaction chambers 68, 74, 76, 82, 84, 98, 96, 94 by wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47. It is divided.

  FIG. 6 shows the reactor 1 cut along a plane perpendicular to the partition material 20, and reaction chambers 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98 and a model showing the relationship between the introduction port 67, the discharge port 99, the connection ports 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97 FIG.

  The reaction chamber 68 communicates with the reaction chamber 70 through the connection port 69 while communicating with the outside of the reaction vessel 10 through the introduction port 67. The reaction chamber 98 communicates with the reaction chamber 96 through the connection port 97 and communicates with the outside of the reaction vessel 10 through the discharge port 99. The other reaction chambers 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90.92, 94, 96 have connection ports 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85. , 87, 89, 91, 93, and 95 communicate with two adjacent reaction chambers.

  Next, the flow path of the reactant in the reaction vessel 10 will be described. As shown by arrows in FIG. 6, the reactants first flow into the reaction chamber 68 in the reaction vessel 10 from the introduction port 67, and then, the connection port 69, the reaction chamber 70, the connection port 71, the reaction chamber 72, the connection port. 73, reaction chamber 74, connection port 75, reaction chamber 76, connection port 77, reaction chamber 78, connection port 79, reaction chamber 80, connection port 81, reaction chamber 82, connection port 83, reaction chamber 84, connection port 85, Reaction chamber 86, connection port 87, reaction chamber 88, connection port 89, reaction chamber 90, connection port 91, reaction chamber 92, connection port 93, reaction chamber 94, connection port 95, reaction chamber 96, connection port 97, reaction chamber 98 passes in this order and flows out of the reaction vessel 10 through the discharge port 99.

  Depending on the application of the reactor 1, a heater (for example, a heating wire, a combustor, etc.) may be provided on the outer surface of at least one of the top plate 12 and the bottom plate 17, or the inner wall surface of the reaction vessel 10 Alternatively, a catalyst for changing from a reactant to a product may be supported on the surface of the partition member 20. Here, the change from the reactant to the product includes not only a chemical change but also a state change.

  For example, when the reactor 1 is used as a vaporizer, a heating wire or a combustor is provided on the outer surface of at least one of the top plate 12 and the bottom plate 17. In this way, the liquid as a reactant is heated while flowing from the inlet 67 to the outlet 99, and the liquid is vaporized. Thereby, the gas as a product flows out from the discharge port 99.

  When the reactor 1 is used as a reformer, a heating wire or a combustor is provided on the outer surface of at least one of the box-shaped member body 11 and the bottom plate 17, and the inner wall surface of the reaction vessel 10 or the partition material 20 is provided. A reforming catalyst (for example, a Cu / ZnO-based catalyst or a Pd / ZnO-based catalyst) is supported on the surface. In this way, a mixture of fuel and water as a reactant (for example, a mixture of methanol and water) is heated while flowing from the introduction port 67 to the discharge port 99, and hydrogen is generated from the mixture by the reforming catalyst. Gas etc. are generated. Thereby, the mixed gas containing hydrogen gas etc. flows out from the discharge port 99 as a product.

  When the reactor 1 is used as a carbon monoxide remover, a heating wire or a combustor is provided on the outer surface of at least one of the box-shaped member body 11 and the bottom plate 17, and the inner wall surface of the reaction vessel 10 or a partition material A carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst (for example, platinum) is supported on the surface of 20. By doing so, the mixture of hydrogen gas, oxygen gas and carbon monoxide gas as the reactant is heated while flowing from the inlet 67 to the outlet 99, and the carbon monoxide gas is selected by the carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst. Is selectively oxidized. Thereby, the gas in a state where the carbon monoxide gas is removed flows out from the discharge port 99 as a product.

  When the reactor 1 is used as a combustor, a combustion catalyst (for example, platinum) is supported on the inner wall surface of the reaction vessel 10 or the surface of the partition material 20. In this way, the hydrogen gas is combusted while the mixture of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas as the reactant flows from the inlet 67 to the outlet 99. Thereby, water flows out from the discharge port 99 as a product.

  According to the above embodiment, the reaction chamber 10 is divided into 16 reaction chambers 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96 by the partition material 20. These reaction chambers are adjacent to each other by connection ports 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97 provided in the partition member 20. Since it communicates with any two of the reaction chambers and communicates from the inlet 67 to the outlet 99 provided in the reaction vessel 10 as one flow path, the cross-sectional dimension of the flow path is reduced and provided on the flow path surface. In addition to shortening the diffusion time of the reactant to the catalyst, the reaction time can be lengthened by increasing the flow path length.

  Further, the partition member 20 sandwiches the floor plate 21 and the wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 at the notches 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, and 37 portions. , By forming the cutouts 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, and 57 so as to sandwich the wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, and 47, and assembling them vertically. Because it can, it can be assembled easily.

[Modification 1]
FIG. 7 shows a partition member 60 having a form different from that of the partition member 20 used in the reactor 1 in the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, the partition member 60 includes connection ports 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, of the floor plate 21 and the wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47. At the end corresponding to the position where 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97 is provided, notches 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191 193, 195, 197 are provided. Here, the notch 189 and the notch 197 are provided integrally.

  Thus, even when a notch is provided, the notch portion functions as a connection port for connecting the reaction chambers, so that the same effect can be obtained. The shape of the notch is not limited to the shape shown in FIG.

  In the above-described modification, the cuts 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 51, 52, 53, and both of the floor plate 21 and the wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 are provided. Although 54, 55, 56, and 57 are provided, they may be provided on only one of them.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 8 is a side view of the microreactor module 600 (reaction apparatus) in the second embodiment of the reaction apparatus according to the present invention. The microreactor module 600 is built in an electronic device such as a notebook personal computer, a PDA, an electronic notebook, a digital camera, a mobile phone, a wristwatch, a register, or a projector, and generates hydrogen gas used for a fuel cell.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the microreactor module 600 includes a supply / exhaust unit 602 that supplies reactants and discharges products, and a high-temperature reaction unit 604 that generates a reforming reaction at a relatively high temperature (first Between the high-temperature reaction unit 604 and the low-temperature reaction unit 606, the low-temperature reaction unit 606 (second reaction unit) in which the selective oxidation reaction is set to a temperature lower than the set temperature of the high-temperature reaction unit 604. And a connecting portion 608 for sending reactants and products.

  FIG. 9 is a schematic side view when the microreactor module 600 according to the present embodiment is divided for each function. As shown in FIG. 9, the supply / discharge unit 602 is mainly provided with a carburetor 610 and a first combustor 612. Air and gaseous fuel (for example, hydrogen gas, methanol gas, etc.) are supplied to the first combustor 612 separately or as an air-fuel mixture, and heat is generated by the catalytic combustion. The vaporizer 610 is supplied with water and liquid fuel (for example, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, butane, gasoline) from the fuel container separately or in a mixed state, and water and liquid are generated by the combustion heat in the first combustor 612. The fuel is vaporized in the vaporizer 610.

  The high temperature reaction section 604 is mainly provided with a second combustor 614 and a reformer 400B provided on the second combustor 614. Air and gaseous fuel (for example, hydrogen gas, methanol gas, etc.) are supplied to the second combustor 614 separately or as an air-fuel mixture, and heat is generated by the catalytic combustion. In the fuel cell, electricity is generated by an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen gas, but the first combustor 612 and the second combustion are performed in a state where unreacted hydrogen gas contained in the off-gas discharged from the fuel cell is mixed with air. It may be supplied to the device 614. Of course, the liquid fuel (for example, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, butane, gasoline) stored in the fuel container is vaporized by another vaporizer, and the vaporized fuel / air mixture becomes the first combustor 612 and It may be supplied to the second combustor 614.

The reformer 400B is supplied with a gas mixture (first reactant) obtained by vaporizing water and liquid fuel from the vaporizer 610, and the reformer 400B is heated by the second combustor 614. In the reformer 400B, hydrogen gas or the like (first product) is generated from water vapor and the vaporized liquid fuel by a catalytic reaction, and a carbon monoxide gas is further generated in a small amount. When the fuel is methanol, chemical reactions such as the following formulas (1) and (2) occur. The reaction for generating hydrogen is an endothermic reaction, and the combustion heat of the second combustor 614 is used.
CH ₃ OH + H ₂ O → 3H ₂ + CO ₂ (1)
2CH ₃ OH + H ₂ O → 5H ₂ + CO + CO ₂ (2)

  The low temperature reaction unit 606 is mainly provided with a carbon monoxide remover 500B. The carbon monoxide remover 500B is heated by the first combustor 612, and includes an air-fuel mixture (first mixture gas) including hydrogen gas and a small amount of carbon monoxide gas generated by the chemical reaction (2) from the reformer 400B. 2 reactant) and further air. The carbon monoxide remover 500B selectively oxidizes carbon monoxide from the air-fuel mixture, thereby removing the carbon monoxide. An air-fuel mixture (second product: hydrogen-rich gas) from which carbon monoxide has been removed is supplied to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell.

  A specific configuration of the microreactor module 600 will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 10 to 14. FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of the microreactor module 600 in the present embodiment, FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of the reformer 400B in the microreactor module 600 of the present embodiment, and FIG. 12 is a sectional view of FIG. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XII-XII, FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XIII-XIII in FIG. 8, and FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional line XIV shown in FIG. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XIV-XV, and FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XV-XV of FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 8, 10, and 12, the supply / discharge part 602 includes a liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 and a combustor plate provided so as to surround the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 at the upper end of the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622. 624 and five pipe members 626, 628, 630, 632, and 634 arranged around the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622.

  The liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is made of, for example, a tubular metal material such as stainless steel, and the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is filled with a liquid absorbing material 623. The liquid-absorbing material 623 absorbs liquid, and the liquid-absorbing material 623 is, for example, an inorganic fiber or organic fiber solidified with a binder, an inorganic powder sintered, or an inorganic powder solidified with a binder. , And a mixture of graphite and glassy carbon. Specifically, a felt material, a ceramic porous material, a fiber material, a carbon porous material, or the like is used as the liquid absorbing material 623.

  The pipe materials 626, 628, 630, 632, and 634 are made of a tubular metal material such as stainless steel.

  The combustor plate 624 is also made of a plate-like metal material such as stainless steel. A through hole is formed at the center of the combustor plate 624, and the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is fitted into the through hole, and the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 and the combustor plate 624 are joined. Here, the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is joined to the combustor plate 624 by brazing, for example. As the brazing agent, the melting point is higher than the highest temperature of the fluid flowing through the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 and the combustor plate 624, and silver, copper, zinc, cadmium is added to gold having a melting point of 700 degrees or more. Particularly preferred are gold waxes contained, waxes based on gold, silver, zinc and nickel, or waxes based on gold, palladium and silver. In addition, a partition wall is provided on one surface of the combustor plate 624 so as to protrude. A part of the partition wall is provided over the entire outer periphery of the combustor plate 624, the other part is provided over the radial direction, and the combustor plate 624 is joined to the lower surface of the low temperature reaction unit 606, A combustion channel 625 is formed on the joint surface, and the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is surrounded by the combustion channel 625. A combustion catalyst for burning the combustion mixture is carried on the wall surface of the combustion channel 625. An example of the combustion catalyst is platinum. The liquid absorbing material 623 in the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is filled up to the position of the combustor plate 624.

  As shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, the high temperature reaction unit 604, the low temperature reaction unit 606, and the connection unit 608 have the laminated insulating plate 640 and the base plate 642 as a common base. Therefore, the insulating plate 640 becomes a lower surface common to the high temperature reaction unit 604, the low temperature reaction unit 606, and the connection unit 608, but the lower surface of the connection unit 608 is flush with the lower surface of the high temperature reaction unit 604, Furthermore, it is flush with the lower surface of the low temperature reaction part 606.

  The base plate 642 includes a base portion 652 serving as a base of the low temperature reaction portion 606, a base portion 654 serving as a base of the high temperature reaction portion 604, and a connection base portion 656 serving as a base of the connection portion 608. The base plate 642 is formed by integrally forming a base portion 652, a base portion 654, and a connection base portion 656, and is in a state of being constricted at the connection base portion 656. The base plate 642 is made of a plate-like metal material such as stainless steel.

  The insulating plate 640 includes a base portion 662 serving as a base of the low temperature reaction portion 606, a base portion 664 serving as a base of the high temperature reaction portion 604, and a connection base portion 666 serving as a base of the connection portion 608. The insulating plate 640 is formed by integrally forming a base portion 662, a base portion 664, and a connection base portion 666, and is in a state of being constricted at the connection base portion 666. The insulating plate 640 is made of an electrical insulator such as ceramic.

  As shown in FIGS. 10 and 13, the through holes 671 to 678 penetrate the base portion 652 of the base plate 642 and the base portion 662 of the insulating plate 640 with the insulating plate 640 joined to the base plate 642. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, the base portion 662 of the insulating plate 640 becomes the lower surface of the low temperature reaction portion 606. 622 is joined by brazing or the like. Here, the tube material 626 communicates with the through hole 671, the tube material 628 communicates with the through hole 672, the tube material 630 communicates with the through hole 673, the tube material 632 communicates with the through hole 674, the tube material 634 communicates with the through hole 675, and liquid fuel An introduction pipe 622 communicates with the through hole 678. As shown in FIGS. 10, 12, and 13, the combustor plate 624 is joined to the lower surface of the low-temperature reaction section 606, but one end of the combustion flow path 625 of the combustor plate 624 is a through hole 676. And the other end of the combustion channel 625 communicates with the through hole 677.

  As shown in FIG. 13, the base plate 642 includes a reformed fuel supply channel 702, a communication channel 704, an air supply channel 706, a mixing chamber 708, a combustion fuel supply channel 710, and a combustion chamber 712. An exhaust gas channel 714, a combustion fuel supply channel 716, and an exhaust chamber 718 are formed.

  The reformed fuel supply channel 702 is formed so as to extend from the through hole 678 through the connection base portion 656 to the corner portion of the base portion 654. The mixing chamber 708 is formed in a square shape in the base portion 652. The communication channel 704 is formed so as to extend from the corner of the base portion 654 to the mixing chamber 708 through the connection base portion 656. The air supply channel 706 is formed so as to extend from the through hole 675 to the mixing chamber 708.

  The combustion chamber 712 is formed in a C shape at the center of the base portion 654. A combustion catalyst for burning the combustion mixture is carried on the wall surface of the combustion chamber 712.

  The combustion fuel supply channel 710 is formed so as to extend from the through hole 672 to the combustion chamber 712 through the connection base portion 656. The exhaust gas flow channel 714 is formed so as to reach the through hole 673 from the through hole 677, and is formed so as to reach the through hole 673 from the combustion chamber 712 through the connection base portion 656. The combustion fuel supply channel 716 is formed so as to reach the through hole 676 from the through hole 674 in the base portion 652. The exhaust chamber 718 is formed in a rectangular shape in the base portion 652, and a through hole 671 communicates with a corner portion of the exhaust chamber 718.

  A carbon monoxide remover 500 </ b> B is provided on the base portion 652. This carbon monoxide remover 500B is an application of the reactor 1 in the first embodiment, and the carbon monoxide remover 500B is provided in the same manner as the reactor 1 shown in FIGS. . 14 corresponds to the cross section of the reactor 1 shown in FIG. 3, and the cross section of the carbon monoxide remover 500B shown in FIG. 15 is shown in FIG. This corresponds to the cross section of the reactor 1 shown. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the part which mutually respond | corresponds between the carbon monoxide remover 500B and the reactor 1, and description of a mutually corresponding part is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, the bottom plate 17 of the carbon monoxide remover 500 </ b> B is joined to the upper surface of the base portion 652. Due to the bottom plate 17, a part of the reformed fuel supply flow path 702, a part of the exhaust gas flow path 714, a part of the combustion fuel supply flow path 710, a part of the communication flow path 704, and an air supply flow path 706. Then, the mixing chamber 708, the combustion fuel supply channel 716, and the exhaust chamber 718 are covered. The introduction port 67 formed in the bottom plate 17 is located above the corner portion 709 of the mixing chamber 708, and the discharge port 99 formed in the bottom plate 17 is located above the corner portion 719 of the exhaust chamber 718.

  In the carbon monoxide remover 500 </ b> B, a carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst (for example, platinum) is supported on the inner wall surface of the reaction vessel 10 or the surface of the partition member 20.

  Next, the reformer 400 </ b> B is provided on the base portion 654. As shown in FIGS. 11, 14, and 15, the reformer 400 </ b> B includes a box-shaped member body 410 that is open on the lower surface, a partition plate 420 that is accommodated in the box-shaped member body 410, and a box-shaped member body. 410 and a bottom plate 430 that closes the lower opening.

  The box-shaped member 410, the partition plate 420, and the bottom plate 430 may be made of a metal material such as stainless steel, may be made of a ceramic material, may be made of a glass material, or may be made of a resin material. good.

  The box-shaped member 410 has a square or rectangular top plate 412 and a pair of side plates connected in a state of being vertically connected to the top plate 412 at two opposite sides of the four sides of the top plate 412. 414 and 414, and a pair of side plates 416 and 416 connected in a state of being vertically connected to the top plate 412 on two opposite sides of the top plate 412. The side plate 414 is connected to the side plate 416 in a state of being vertically connected, and is provided in a square frame shape or a rectangular frame shape by these four side plates 414, 414, 416, 416.

  The edge of the bottom plate 430 is joined to the lower sides of the side plates 414, 414, 416, 416 so that the bottom plate 430 is parallel to the top plate 412. Thus, the bottom face opening of the box-shaped member 410 is closed by the bottom plate 430, whereby a parallel tetrahedral reaction container having a hollow is formed.

  The partition plate 420 has a rectangular wave shape, a pair of reinforcing portions 422 and 422 opposed on both sides, and a plurality of partitioning portions 424, 424,... Facing the reinforcing portion 422 between the two reinforcing portions 422 and 422, A plurality of folded portions 426, 426,... Connected between the adjacent partitioning portion 424 and the partitioning portion 424 on one side of the four sides of the portion 424 or between the adjacent partitioning portion 424 and the reinforcing portion 422. Have

  The partition plate 420 is accommodated in the box-shaped member body 410 so that the wave height direction is parallel to the side plate 414, and the reinforcing portion 422 of the partition plate 420 contacts the side plate 414, and preferably the reinforcing portion 422 is the side plate. It is joined to 414 by welding. The folded portion 426 of the partition plate 420 contacts the side plate 416 and preferably the folded portion 426 is joined to the side plate 416 by welding.

  The upper side portion of the folded portion 426 and the upper side portion of the reinforcing portion 422 are in contact with the top plate 412 of the box-shaped member body 410, and are preferably joined by welding. The lower side portion of the folded portion 426 and the lower side portion of the reinforcing portion 422 are in contact with the bottom plate 430 and are preferably joined by welding.

  Thus, since the partition plate 420 is accommodated in the box-shaped member body 410, the hollow by the box-shaped member body 410 and the bottom plate 430 is partitioned into a plurality of spaces 418, 418,. Among the plurality of spaces 418, 418,..., An introduction port 432 communicating with the space 418 between one reinforcing portion 422 and the partitioning portion 424 is formed in the bottom plate 430, and the other reinforcing portion 422 and the partitioning portion 424 are connected to each other. A discharge port 434 that communicates with the space 418 is formed in the bottom plate 430.

  In addition, a pair of upper and lower through holes 428 and 428 are formed at one end of the partition portion 424 in the wave height direction, and adjacent spaces 418 and 418 communicate with each other through the through holes 428 and 428. Therefore, a hollow formed by the box-shaped member body 410 and the bottom plate 430 is provided in a flow path shape from the introduction port 432 to the discharge port 434, and the flow path is formed in a twisted shape.

  As shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, the bottom plate 430 of the reformer 400 </ b> B is joined to the upper surface of the base portion 654. By the bottom plate 430, a part of the reformed fuel supply channel 702, a part of the exhaust gas channel 714, a part of the combustion fuel supply channel 710, a part of the communication channel 704, and the combustion chamber 712 are formed. Covered. The inlet 67 formed in the bottom plate 430 is positioned above the end 703 of the reformed fuel supply channel 702, and the discharge port 99 formed in the bottom plate 430 is positioned above the end 705 of the communication channel 704. ing.

  In the reformer 400B, a reforming catalyst (for example, a Cu / ZnO-based catalyst or a Pd / ZnO-based catalyst) is supported on the inner surface of the box-shaped member 410 and the bottom plate 430 or the partition plate 420.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the bottom plate 430 of the reformer 400 </ b> B and the bottom plate 17 of the carbon monoxide remover 500 </ b> B are integrally formed in a state of being connected by a connecting lid 680. A plate member 690 in which the bottom plate 430, the bottom plate 17, and the connection lid 680 are integrated is confined in the connection lid 680. The plate member 690 is joined to the base plate 642, but the connection lid 680 of the plate member 690 is joined to the connection base portion 656 of the base plate 642, thereby forming the connection portion 608. In this connection portion 608, a part of the reformed fuel supply channel 702, a part of the exhaust gas channel 714, a part of the combustion fuel supply channel 710, and a part of the communication channel 704 are connected to each other. Covered by 680.

As shown in FIG. 8 and the like, the outer shape of the connecting portion 608 is prismatic, the width of the connecting portion 608 is narrower than the width of the high temperature reaction portion 604 and the low temperature reaction portion 606, and the height of the connecting portion 608 is also high temperature reaction. It is lower than the height of the part 604 and the low temperature reaction part 606. The connecting portion 608 is installed between the high temperature reaction portion 604 and the low temperature reaction portion 606. The connection portion 608 is connected to the high temperature reaction portion 604 at the center in the width direction of the high temperature reaction portion 604 and at a low temperature. The reaction unit 606 is connected to the low temperature reaction unit 606 at the center in the width direction.
As described above, the connecting portion 608 is provided with the reformed fuel supply channel 702, the communication channel 704, the combustion fuel supply channel 710, and the exhaust gas channel 714.

  Next, the flow path provided inside the supply / discharge unit 602, the high temperature reaction unit 604, the low temperature reaction unit 606, and the connection unit 608 will be described. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a path from the supply of a combustion mixture composed of gaseous fuel and air to the discharge of water vapor as a product in the microreactor module 600 of the present embodiment. It is the figure in the micro reactor module 600 of this embodiment which showed the path | route after supplying liquid fuel and water until the hydrogen gas which is a product is discharged | emitted. Here, the correspondence relationship between FIGS. 16, 17, and 9 will be described. The liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 corresponds to the vaporizer 610, the combustion channel 625 corresponds to the first combustor 612, and the combustion chamber 712 corresponds to the first combustion chamber 712. Corresponds to two combustors.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the lower surface of the low temperature reaction unit 606, that is, the lower surface of the insulating plate 640 is patterned in such a manner that the heating wire 720 meanders. The heating wire 722 is patterned in a meandering state on the lower surface. A heating wire 724 is patterned from the lower surface of the low temperature reaction part 606 through the surface of the combustor plate 624 to the side surface of the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622. Here, an insulating film such as silicon nitride or silicon oxide is formed on the side surface of the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 and the surface of the combustor plate 624, and a heating wire 724 is formed on the surface of the insulating film. By patterning the heating wires 720, 722, 724 on the insulating film or insulating plate 640, the voltage to be applied is not applied to the base plate 642 made of metal material, the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622, the combustor plate 624, etc. The heat generation efficiency of the heating wires 720, 722, 724 can be improved.

  The heating wires 720, 722, and 724 are formed by laminating an insulating film or insulating plate 640, a diffusion prevention layer, and a heat generation layer in this order. The heat generating layer is a material having the lowest resistivity among the three layers (for example, Au). When a voltage is applied to the heating wires 720, 722, and 724, a current flows intensively and generates heat. The diffusion prevention layer is a material in which even if the heating wires 720, 722, and 724 generate heat, the material of the heat generation layer is not easily diffused into the diffusion prevention layer, and the material of the diffusion prevention layer is difficult to thermally diffuse into the heat generation layer. It is preferable to use a substance (for example, W) having a high target melting point and low reactivity. Further, when the diffusion preventing layer has low adhesion to the insulating film and is easily peeled off, an adhesion layer may be further provided between the insulating film and the diffusion preventing layer. And an insulating film or an insulating plate 640 are made of a material having excellent adhesion (for example, Ta, Mo, Ti, Cr). The heating wire 720 heats the low-temperature reaction unit 606 at startup, the heating wire 722 heats the high-temperature reaction unit 604 and the connecting pipe 608 at startup, and the heating wire 724 includes the vaporizer 610 and the first in the supply / discharge unit 602. The combustor 612 is heated. Thereafter, when the second combustor 614 is burned with off-gas containing hydrogen from the fuel cell, the heating wire 722 heats the high-temperature reaction unit 604 and the connecting pipe 608 as an auxiliary to the second combustor 612. Similarly, when the first combustor 612 is burned with off-gas containing hydrogen from the fuel cell, the heating wire 720 heats the low-temperature reaction unit 606 as an auxiliary to the first combustor 612.

  Further, the heating wires 720, 722, and 724 change in electrical resistance depending on the temperature, and also function as a temperature sensor that reads a change in temperature from a change in resistance value. Specifically, the temperature of the heating wires 720, 722, 724 is proportional to the electrical resistance.

  Any end portions of the heating wires 720, 722, 724 are located on the lower surface of the low temperature reaction portion 606, and these end portions are arranged so as to surround the combustor plate 624. Lead wires 731 and 732 are connected to both ends of the heating wire 720, lead wires 733 and 734 are connected to both ends of the heating wire 722, and lead wires 735 and 736 are connected to both ends of the heating wire 724, respectively. Is connected. In FIG. 8, the heating wires 720, 722, and 724 and the lead wires 731 to 736 are not shown for easy viewing of the drawing.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 10, a getter material 728 may be provided on the surface of the connecting portion 608. The getter material 728 is provided with a heater such as an electric heating material, and lead wires 737 and 738 are connected to the getter material 728, respectively. The getter material 728 is activated by being heated and has an adsorption action, such as a gas remaining in the internal space of the heat insulation package 791 described later, a gas leaked from the microreactor module 600 to the internal space of the heat insulation package 791, By adsorbing the gas that has entered the heat insulation package 791 from the outside, the degree of vacuum in the internal space of the heat insulation package 791 is deteriorated and the heat insulation effect is prevented from being lowered. Examples of the material of the getter material 728 include an alloy containing zirconium, barium, titanium, or vanadium as a main component. In FIG. 8, the lead wires 737 and 738 are not shown for easy viewing of the drawing.

  Next, FIG. 18 is an exploded perspective view of a heat insulation package 791 (heat insulation container) that covers the microreactor module 600 of the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 18, the heat insulation package 791 is configured to cover the entire microreactor module 600, and the high temperature reaction unit 604, the low temperature reaction unit 606, and the connection unit 608 are accommodated in the heat insulation package 791. The heat insulation package 791 is composed of a rectangular case 792 whose bottom surface is open, and a plate 793 that closes the bottom surface opening of the case 792, and the plate 793 is joined to the case 792. Both the case 792 and the plate 793 are made of a heat insulating material such as glass or a metal material. Further, a metal reflection film such as aluminum or gold may be formed on the inner surface. When such a metal reflective film is formed, heat loss due to radiation from the supply / discharge unit 602, the high temperature reaction unit 604, the low temperature reaction unit 606, and the connection unit 608 can be suppressed.

  A plurality of through holes penetrate through the plate 793, and the pipe materials 626, 628, 630, 632, 634, the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622, and the lead wires 731 to 738 are inserted into the respective through holes, and heat is insulated from the through holes. The pipe materials 626, 628, 630, 632, and 634, the liquid fuel introduction pipe and the lead wires 731 to 738, and the through holes of the plate 793 are made of, for example, a glass material or an insulating seal so that outside air and moisture do not enter the package 791. Bonded and sealed with a material. In addition, the internal space of the heat insulation package 791 is sealed and evacuated, and the internal space is vacuumed to form a vacuum heat insulation structure. As a result, heat of each part of the microreactor module 600 can be prevented from propagating to the outside, and heat loss can be reduced.

  The pipe materials 626, 628, 630, 632, 634 and the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 are partially exposed to the outside of the heat insulating package 791. Therefore, inside the heat insulation package 791, the pipe materials 626, 628, 630, 632, 634 and the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 are made to stand with respect to the plate 793 as columns, and the high temperature reaction unit 604, the low temperature reaction unit 606 and the connection are made. The part 608 is supported by the pipe materials 626, 628, 630, 632, 634 and the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622, and the high temperature reaction part 604, the low temperature reaction part 606 and the connection part 608 are separated from the inner surface of the heat insulation package 791.

  In addition, the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is preferably connected to the lower surface of the low temperature reaction unit 606 at the center of gravity of the high temperature reaction unit 604, the low temperature reaction unit 606, and the connection unit 608 in plan view.

  The getter material 728 is provided, for example, on the surface of the low-temperature reaction part 606, but the position where the getter material 728 is provided is not particularly limited as long as it is inside the heat insulating package 791.

Next, the operation of the microreactor module 600 will be described.
First, when a voltage is applied between the lead wires 737 and 738, the getter material 728 is heated by the heater, and the getter material 728 is activated. Thereby, the gas in the heat insulation package 791 is adsorbed by the getter material 728, the degree of vacuum in the heat insulation package 791 is increased, and the heat insulation efficiency is increased.

  Further, when a voltage is applied between the lead wires 731 and 732, the heating wire 720 generates heat and the low temperature reaction unit 606 is heated. When a voltage is applied between the lead wires 733 and 734, the heating wire 722 generates heat, and the high temperature reaction unit 604 is heated. When a voltage is applied between the lead wires 735 and 736, the heating wire 724 generates heat and the upper portion of the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is heated. Since the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622, the high temperature reaction part 604, the low temperature reaction part 606, and the connection part 608 are made of a metal material, heat conduction between them is easy. Note that the current and voltage of the heating wires 720, 722, and 724 are measured by the control device, whereby the temperatures of the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622, the high-temperature reaction unit 604, and the low-temperature reaction unit 606 are measured, and the measured temperatures are transferred to the control device. The voltage of the heating wires 720, 722, and 724 is controlled by the control device, and thereby the temperatures of the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622, the high temperature reaction unit 604, and the low temperature reaction unit 606 are controlled.

  In a state where the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622, the high temperature reaction section 604, and the low temperature reaction section 606 are heated by the heating wires 720, 722, 724, the liquid fuel and water mixed liquid is continuously supplied to the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 by a pump or the like. When intermittently supplied, the liquid mixture is absorbed by the liquid absorbing material 623, and the liquid mixture permeates upward in the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 by capillary action. Then, the liquid mixture in the liquid absorbing material 623 is vaporized, and the mixture of fuel and water evaporates from the liquid absorbing material. Since the liquid mixture is vaporized in the liquid absorbing material 623, bumping can be suppressed and vaporization can be stably performed.

  The air-fuel mixture evaporated from the liquid absorbing material 623 flows into the reformer 400B through the through hole 678, the reformed fuel supply channel 702, and the inlet 67. Thereafter, when the air-fuel mixture flows through the reformer 400B, the air-fuel mixture is heated and undergoes a catalytic reaction to generate hydrogen gas or the like (when the fuel is methanol, the above chemical reaction formula) (See (1) and (2).)

  The air-fuel mixture (including hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, carbon monoxide gas, etc.) generated by the reformer 400B flows into the mixing chamber 708 through the discharge port 99 and the communication channel 704. On the other hand, air is supplied to the pipe material 634 by a pump or the like, flows into the mixing chamber 708 through the through-hole 675 and the air supply flow path 706, and the air-fuel mixture such as hydrogen gas is mixed with air.

  Then, an air-fuel mixture containing air, hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide gas, carbon dioxide gas, etc. flows from the mixing chamber 708 through the inlet 67 into the carbon monoxide remover 500B. When the air-fuel mixture flows in the carbon monoxide remover 500B, the carbon monoxide gas in the air-fuel mixture is selectively oxidized and the carbon monoxide gas is removed.

  Then, the air-fuel mixture from which carbon monoxide has been removed is supplied from the exhaust port 99 to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell via the exhaust chamber 718, the through hole 671, and the tube material 626. In the fuel cell, electricity is generated by an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen gas, and off-gas containing unreacted hydrogen gas and the like is discharged from the fuel cell.

  The above operation is an initial operation, and the mixed liquid continues to be supplied to the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 during the subsequent power generation operation. Then, air is mixed with the off-gas discharged from the fuel cell, and the mixture (hereinafter referred to as combustion mixture) is supplied to the pipe 632 and the pipe 628. The combustion mixture supplied to the pipe 632 flows into the combustion channel 625 through the through hole 674, the combustion fuel supply channel 716, and the through hole 676, and the combustion mixture undergoes catalytic combustion in the combustion channel 625, and combustion Heat is generated. Since the combustion channel 625 circulates around the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 below the low temperature reaction section 606, the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is heated by the combustion heat and the low temperature reaction section 606 is heated. Therefore, the electric power supplied to the heating wires 720 and 724 can be reduced, and the energy use efficiency is increased.

On the other hand, the combustion mixture supplied to the pipe 628 flows into the combustion chamber 712 through the through-hole 672 and the combustion fuel supply channel 710, and the combustion mixture is catalytically combusted in the combustion chamber 712. As a result, combustion heat is generated. The reformer 400B is heated by this combustion heat. Therefore, the power supplied to the heating wire 722 can be reduced, and the energy use efficiency is increased.
The liquid fuel stored in the fuel container may be vaporized, and the vaporized fuel / air combustion mixture may be supplied to the pipe members 628 and 632.

  In the state where the mixed liquid is supplied to the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 and the combustion air-fuel mixture is supplied to the pipe materials 628 and 632, the control device measures the temperature based on the resistance values of the heating wires 720, 722 and 724. While controlling the applied voltage of the heating wires 720, 722, 724, the pump and the like are controlled. When the pump is controlled by the control device, the flow rate of the combustion air-fuel mixture supplied to the pipe materials 628 and 632 is controlled, whereby the amount of combustion heat of the combustors 612 and 614 is controlled. As described above, the control device controls the heating wires 720, 722, 724 and the pump, thereby controlling the temperatures of the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622, the high temperature reaction unit 604, and the low temperature reaction unit 606, respectively. Here, the high temperature reaction part 604 is 250 ° C. to 400 ° C., preferably 300 ° C. to 380 ° C., and the low temperature reaction part 606 is lower than the high temperature reaction part 4, specifically 120 ° C. to 200 ° C., more preferably 140 ° C. Temperature control is performed so as to be ˜180 ° C.

  Next, a schematic configuration of the power generation unit 801 including the microreactor module 600 in the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing an example of a power generation unit 801 including the microreactor module 600 in the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 19, the microreactor module 600 as described above can be used by being assembled in the power generation unit 801. The power generation unit 801 is housed in, for example, a frame 802, a fuel container 804 that can be attached to and detached from the frame 802, a flow rate control unit 806 having a flow path, a pump, a flow rate sensor, a valve, and the like, and a heat insulation package 791. The microreactor module 600 in a state, a power generation module 808 having a fuel cell, a humidifier that humidifies the fuel cell, a recovery unit that recovers a byproduct generated in the fuel cell, and the like, and the microreactor module 600 and the power generation module 808 include air ( An air pump 810 for supplying oxygen), and a power supply unit 812 having an external interface and the like for electrical connection with a secondary battery, a DC-DC converter and an external device driven by the output of the power generation unit 801. Composed. By supplying the mixture of water and liquid fuel in the fuel container 804 to the microreactor module 600 by the flow rate control unit 806, hydrogen gas is generated as described above, and the hydrogen gas is supplied to the fuel cell of the power generation module 808. The generated electricity is stored in the secondary battery of the power supply unit 812.

  FIG. 19 is a perspective view illustrating an example of an electronic device 851 that uses the power generation unit 801 as a power source. As shown in FIG. 19, the electronic device 851 is a portable electronic device, for example, a notebook personal computer. The electronic device 851 includes a lower housing 854 having a built-in arithmetic processing circuit composed of a CPU, RAM, ROM, and other electronic components and having a keyboard 852, and an upper housing 858 having a liquid crystal display 856. Prepare. The lower casing 854 and the upper casing 858 are connected by a hinge, and the upper casing 858 is overlapped with the lower casing 854 so that the liquid crystal display 856 is opposed to the keyboard 852 and can be folded. Yes. A mounting portion 860 for mounting the power generation unit 801 is formed from the right side surface to the bottom surface of the lower housing 854. When the power generation unit 801 is mounted on the mounting portion 860, the electronic device 851 is operated by electricity of the power generation unit 801.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the carbon monoxide remover 500B is divided into 16 reaction chambers 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88 by the partition material 20. , 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, and connection ports 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97 provided in the partition member 20. Therefore, these reaction chambers communicate with any two adjacent reaction chambers, and the introduction port 67 to the discharge port 99 provided in the reaction vessel 10 communicate as one carbon monoxide removal channel. The cross-sectional dimension of the gas can be reduced, the diffusion time of the mixture of hydrogen gas, oxygen gas and carbon monoxide gas as the reactant up to the catalyst provided on the flow path surface can be shortened, and the flow path length can be increased. The reaction time can be lengthened.

  Further, the partition member 20 sandwiches the floor plate 21 and the wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 at the notches 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, and 37 portions. , By forming the cutouts 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, and 57 so as to sandwich the wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, and 47, and assembling them vertically. Therefore, the carbon monoxide remover 500 </ b> B can be easily assembled using the partition member 20.

  Further, the internal space of the heat insulation package 791 is a heat insulation space, the high temperature reaction part 604 is separated from the low temperature reaction part 606, and the distance from the high temperature reaction part 604 to the low temperature reaction part 606 is the length of the connecting pipe 608. ing. Accordingly, the heat transfer path from the high temperature reaction unit 604 to the low temperature reaction unit 606 is limited to the connection pipe 608, and heat transfer to the low temperature reaction unit 606 that does not require high temperature is limited. In particular, since the height and width of the connection pipe 608 are smaller than the height and width of the high temperature reaction part 604 and the low temperature reaction part 606, heat conduction through the connection pipe 608 is suppressed as much as possible. Therefore, the heat loss of the high temperature reaction part 604 can be suppressed, and the temperature increase of the low temperature reaction part 606 above the set temperature can be suppressed. That is, even when the high temperature reaction unit 604 and the low temperature reaction unit 606 are accommodated in one heat insulating package 791, a temperature difference can be generated between the high temperature reaction unit 604 and the low temperature reaction unit 606.

  In addition, since the flow paths 702, 704, 710, and 714 passing between the low temperature reaction unit 606 and the high temperature reaction unit 604 are combined into one connection pipe 608, stress generated in the connection pipe 608 and the like. Can be reduced. That is, since there is a temperature difference between the high temperature reaction unit 604 and the low temperature reaction unit 606, the high temperature reaction unit 604 expands more than the low temperature reaction unit 606, but the high temperature reaction unit 604 is connected to the connection pipe 608. Since the portion other than the portion is a free end, the stress generated in the connecting pipe 608 and the like can be suppressed. In particular, the connection pipe 608 is smaller in height and width than the high temperature reaction part 604 and the low temperature reaction part 606, and the connection pipe 608 further includes the high temperature reaction part 604 and the low temperature reaction at the center in the width direction of the high temperature reaction part 604 and the low temperature reaction part 606. Since it is connected to the part 606, it is possible to suppress the generation of stress in the connecting pipe 608, the high temperature reaction part 604, and the low temperature reaction part 606.

  The pipe materials 626, 628, 630, 632, 634 and the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 extend to the outside of the heat insulation package 791, and these are all connected to the low temperature reaction part 606. Therefore, direct heat transfer from the high temperature reaction part 604 to the outside of the heat insulation package 791 can be suppressed, and heat loss of the high temperature reaction part 604 can be suppressed. Therefore, even when the high temperature reaction unit 604 and the low temperature reaction unit 606 are accommodated in one heat insulating package 791, a temperature difference can be generated between the high temperature reaction unit 604 and the low temperature reaction unit 606.

  Since the lower surface of the connecting pipe 608, the lower surface of the high temperature reaction portion 604, and the lower surface of the low temperature reaction portion 606 are flush with each other, the heating wire 722 can be patterned relatively easily and the disconnection of the heating wire 722 can be suppressed. Can do.

  Further, since the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is filled with the liquid absorbing material 623 and the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is used as the vaporizer 610, it is necessary to vaporize the mixed liquid while reducing the size and simplification of the microreactor module 600. Temperature state (state in which the upper portion of the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 becomes 120 ° C.).

  The combustor plate 624 is provided around the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 at the upper end portion of the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622, and the liquid absorbing material 623 in the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is positioned at the height of the combustor plate 624. Therefore, the combustion heat in the first combustor 612 can be efficiently used for vaporization of the mixed liquid.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various improvements and design changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the partition member 20 includes the floor plate 21 parallel to the top plate 12 and the bottom plate 17, and the wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 parallel to the side plates 14, 16. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the wall plate parallel to the side plates 13 and 15 and the wall plates 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, and 47 may be combined. A wall plate parallel to the side plates 13 and 15 and the floor plate 21 may be combined. In the above embodiment, only one floor plate 21 parallel to the top plate 12 and the bottom plate 17 is used, but a plurality of floor plates may be used.

It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the reactor in 1st Embodiment of the reaction apparatus concerning this invention. It is the upper side figure and side view of the reactor in this embodiment. It is arrow sectional drawing of the surface along the cutting line III-III of FIG. It is arrow sectional drawing of the surface along cut surface IV-IV of FIG. It is a disassembled perspective view of the partition material 20 used for the reactor in this embodiment. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the reactor according to the present embodiment cut along a plane perpendicular to the partition member 20. FIG. It is a disassembled perspective view of the partition material 60 used for the reactor in this embodiment. It is a side view of the micro reactor module in 3rd Embodiment of the reaction apparatus concerning this invention. It is a schematic side view at the time of dividing the micro reactor module in this embodiment for every function. It is a disassembled perspective view of the micro reactor module in this embodiment. It is a disassembled perspective view of the reformer in the micro reactor module of this embodiment. It is arrow sectional drawing of the surface along the cutting line XII-XII of FIG. It is arrow sectional drawing of the surface along the cutting line XIII-XIII of FIG. It is arrow sectional drawing of the surface along the cutting line XIV-XIV of FIG. It is arrow sectional drawing of the surface along the cutting line XV-XV of FIG. It is drawing which showed the path | route until the water etc. which are a product are discharged | emitted in the micro reactor module of this embodiment after a combustion mixture is supplied. It is drawing which showed the path | route after liquid fuel and water are supplied in the micro reactor module of this embodiment until hydrogen rich gas which is a product is discharged | emitted. It is a disassembled perspective view of the heat insulation package which covers the micro reactor module of this embodiment. It is a perspective view of an electric power generation unit provided with the micro reactor module in this embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the electronic device which uses a power generation unit as a power supply.

Explanation of symbols

1 reactor 10 reaction vessel 21 floor board (first partition)
41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 Wall plate (second partition plate)
31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57 Notch 67 Inlet 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86 , 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98 Reaction chamber 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97 Connection port 169, 171, 173 , 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197 Notch 99 outlet

Claims (12)

In a reactor equipped with a reactor that causes reaction of reactants,
The reactor is
A box having a hollow;
At least one first partition plate housed in the box;
A plurality of second partition plates housed in the box and arranged in parallel to each other,
The plurality of second partition plates are provided in a direction perpendicular to the first partition plate, and the interior space of the box is partitioned by the first partition plate and the second partition plate, A reaction apparatus characterized in that a reaction channel through which a reactant flows is formed.   The box body includes a box-shaped member that opens at a lower surface, and accommodates the partition plate and the separate plate in the opening, and a bottom plate that closes the lower surface opening, and the first partition plate is the bottom plate The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reaction apparatus is provided in parallel with the reaction apparatus.   The reaction apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of second partition plates are erected vertically on the bottom plate.   A notch is formed in at least one of the first partition plate and the second partition plate, and the first partition plate and the second partition plate are combined at the notch. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1.   The reaction apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the first partition plate and the second partition plate are joined by either welding or brazing.   6. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein edge portions of the first partition plate and the second partition plate are in contact with an inner surface of the box.   The reaction apparatus according to claim 6, wherein edge portions of the first partition plate and the second partition plate are joined to an inner surface of the box body by either welding or brazing. . The interior space of the box is divided into a plurality of reaction chambers by the first partition plate and the second partition plate,
The first partition plate is formed with a connection port that communicates between reaction chambers adjacent to each other in the vertical direction,
The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second partition plate is formed with a connection port that communicates between reaction chambers adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction. The interior space of the box is divided into a plurality of reaction chambers by the first partition plate and the second partition plate,
At the end of the first partition plate, a notch communicating between the reaction chambers adjacent to each other vertically is formed,
2. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a notch communicating with a reaction chamber adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction is formed at an end of the second partition plate. The reactor is
A first reaction section set at a first temperature and causing a reaction of the reactants;
A second reaction part set to a second temperature lower than the first temperature and causing a reaction of the reactant;
A connecting pipe for sending reactants and products between the first reaction part and the second reaction part,
The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first reaction unit and the second reaction unit includes the reactor box.   The said reaction apparatus is further equipped with the heat insulation container which covers the whole said 1st reaction part, a said 2nd reaction part, and the said connection pipe, and the inside is made into a vacuum pressure. Reactor. The first reaction part is supplied with a first reactant to produce a first product, and the second reaction part is supplied with the first product to produce a second product. Produce things,
The first reactant is an air-fuel mixture in which water and hydrocarbon liquid fuel are vaporized, and the first reaction section is a reformer that causes a reforming reaction of the first reactant. The first product includes hydrogen and carbon monoxide;
The reaction apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the second reaction unit is a carbon monoxide remover that removes carbon monoxide contained in the first product by selective oxidation.

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