JP2007084758A - Gasifier - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gasifier enabling a good-quality formed gas with little tar to be obtained from a vegetable organic substance, and hardly providing risk of trouble caused by the attachment of the tar. <P>SOLUTION: The gasifier is constituted as follows. A dried material A to be treated is dropped into a thermally cracking chamber 3 little by little so as to be rapidly and thermally cracked at ≥500°C by arranging the thermal cracking chamber 3 through a throttle part 2 at the lower part of a drying chamber 1 for drying the material A to be treated of the vegetable organic substance, installing a lifting and lowering valve 4 for restricting the flow rate of the material A to be treated dropped to the thermally cracking chamber 3 in the throttle part 2, and installing a cooling jacket 6 for cooling the throttle part 2. The good-quality formed gas with little tar can be obtained from the vegetable organic substance and the risk of the trouble caused by the attachment of the tar can be prevented by regulating the lower part of the drying chamber 1 by cooling the throttle part 2 so as not to be within a tar-generating temperature range of ≥200°C. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a gasifier that thermally decomposes and gasifies plant organic matter.

  In order to utilize organic waste as a renewable energy resource, the gasification equipment that obtains the product gas by thermally decomposing these materials with a gasifying agent such as high-temperature air or high-temperature steam includes pyrolysis. In order to increase efficiency, there is one in which an object to be processed is dried in advance (for example, see Patent Document 1). In what is described in Patent Document 1, a plurality of dampers are provided in a chute for introducing a workpiece into a pyrolysis furnace, and superheated steam is supplied with the inside of the chute partitioned by the damper as a drying zone.

On the other hand, the main components of plant organic matter such as biomass are cellulose (about 35%), hemicellulose (about 30%), and lignin (about 8%). The active pyrolysis temperature of these main components is as follows: Street.
-Cellulose: 240-400 ° C
-Hemicellulose: 180-300 ° C
・ Lignin: 280-550 ° C

  In these thermal decomposition temperature regions, first, it is known that adhesive tar is generated by thermal decomposition, and the generated tar is thermally decomposed into low molecular weight substances by further heating. That is, the plant organic matter is not pyrolyzed up to about 200 ° C. or does not generate much tar even when pyrolyzed. It is known that tar in the pyrolysis gas is reduced as much as possible by being decomposed into substances.

  From the above, when pyrolyzing an object to be processed of plant organic matter with a gasifier, if the object to be treated is preheated and dried at 200 ° C. or lower and then rapidly pyrolyzed at 500 ° C. or higher, tar It can be expected that a good quality generated gas with less tar can be obtained by suppressing the generation of gas, and that the gasification apparatus can be stably operated by preventing troubles due to the adhesion of tar.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-138529 (FIG. 1)

  In the organic waste gasifier described in Patent Document 1, when plant organic matter is treated, the treated matter can be preheated at 200 ° C. or less in the drying zone in the chute, but the damper is opened. Since a large amount of objects to be processed fall into the pyrolysis furnace at that time, these large amounts of objects to be processed cannot be rapidly pyrolyzed at 500 ° C. or higher. Also, because the temperature inside the pyrolysis furnace is higher than that of the drying zone, the vicinity of the damper at the bottom of the drying zone becomes a tar generation temperature region of 200 ° C. or more due to heat conduction, and troubles such as malfunction of the damper due to adhesion of the generated tar occur. Concerned.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a gasifier capable of obtaining a good quality product gas with a small amount of tar from plant organic matter and free from troubles due to adhesion of tar.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a gasification comprising a drying chamber for drying an object to be processed of plant organic matter, and a pyrolysis chamber for thermally decomposing the dried object to be processed. In the apparatus, the thermal decomposition chamber is disposed below the drying chamber via a throttle portion, and the throttle portion is provided with a flow rate regulating means for regulating a flow rate at which an object to be treated is dropped into the thermal decomposition chamber. The structure which provided the cooling means which cools the vicinity of a part was employ | adopted.

  That is, a flow rate regulating means for disposing a pyrolysis chamber through a throttle portion below a drying chamber for drying a plant organic matter to be treated, and regulating a flow rate at which the workpiece is dropped into the pyrolysis chamber at the throttle portion. And by providing a cooling means for cooling the vicinity of the throttle portion, the dried workpiece can be dropped into the pyrolysis chamber little by little and rapidly pyrolyzed at 500 ° C. or higher. In addition, the vicinity of the squeezing part is cooled so that the lower part of the drying chamber does not become a tar generation temperature region of 200 ° C. or higher, and a good quality product gas with less tar can be obtained from plant organic matter, and tar There is no fear of troubles due to adhesion.

  By restricting the flow rate of the high-temperature gas from the upper space of the thermal decomposition chamber to the drying chamber, the flow rate regulating means regulates the flow rate of the high-temperature gas from the thermal decomposition chamber and supplies it to the drying chamber. It can be used as heat energy in the drying chamber.

  The gasification apparatus of the present invention has a pyrolysis chamber disposed via a throttle section below a drying chamber for drying a plant organic matter to be treated, and a flow rate at which the workpiece is dropped into the pyrolysis chamber at the throttle section. In addition to the flow rate regulating means for regulating the temperature, and the cooling means for cooling the vicinity of the throttle portion, the dried object to be treated is dropped into the thermal decomposition chamber little by little, and this is rapidly heated above 500 ° C. It can be decomposed, and the vicinity of the throttle part is cooled so that the lower part of the drying chamber does not become a tar generation temperature region of 200 ° C. or more, and a good quality product gas with less tar can be obtained from plant organic matter, In addition, there is no fear of trouble due to tar adhesion.

  By restricting the flow rate of the high-temperature gas from the upper space of the pyrolysis chamber to the drying chamber, the flow rate regulating means regulates the flow rate of the high-temperature gas from the pyrolysis chamber, and supplies it to the drying chamber. It can be used as heat energy in the drying room.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. This gasification apparatus gasifies a plant organic matter to be treated. As shown in FIG. 1, a throttle unit 2 is provided below a drying chamber 1 provided with an inlet 1a for the subject A to be treated. A thermal decomposition chamber 3 is provided, and a Jinshasa-shaped lift valve 4 as a flow rate restricting means for the workpiece A is provided at the outlet of the throttle unit 2. The elevating valve 4 is suspended from an inlet 1a at the top by a shaft 4a so as to be lifted and lowered, and the clearance at the outlet of the throttle portion 2 is adjusted.

  The outer periphery of the drying chamber 1 and the outer periphery of the throttle unit 2 are surrounded by jackets 5 and 6, respectively. The throttle unit 2 is externally cooled by the cooling gas B supplied to the jacket 6, and after the throttle unit 2 is cooled The cooling gas B whose temperature has been increased is supplied to the jacket 5 so that the drying chamber 1 is externally heated. Further, the hot gas D in the upper space of the pyrolysis chamber 3 flows from the throttle unit 2 with the flow rate adjusted by the lift valve 4, and the drying chamber 1 is also internally heated by the hot gas D. The hot gas D that has internally heated the drying chamber 1 is discharged from the upper discharge port 8. Although illustration is omitted, the drying chamber 1 is provided with a thermometer, and the flow rate of the hot gas D is adjusted by the lift valve 4 so that the temperature of the drying chamber 1 does not rise above 200 ° C.

  A supply port 7 for a high-temperature gasifying agent C is provided at the top of the pyrolysis chamber 3. The supply port 7 is also supplied with a part of the cooling gas B that has been heated after cooling the throttle portion 2. In addition, a grate 9 on which the object to be processed A is deposited is provided at the lower part of the pyrolysis chamber 3, and below it is a discharge port 10 for the product gas E generated by pyrolysis and the discharge of residues F such as ash. An outlet 11 is provided.

  The object A to be processed, which is input into the drying chamber 1 from the input port 1a, is preheated and dried at 200 ° C. or less by external heating from the jacket 5 and high temperature gas D rising from the upper space of the thermal decomposition chamber 3, and the lift valve 4, the flow rate is adjusted, and a small amount is dropped from the throttle unit 2 to the thermal decomposition chamber 3. At this time, since the throttle unit 2 is externally cooled by the jacket 6, the workpiece A in the throttle unit 2 does not rise to a tar generation temperature region of 200 ° C. or higher.

  The object A to be processed, which has been dropped into the pyrolysis chamber 3 little by little, is rapidly heated to 500 ° C. or higher by the high-temperature gasifying agent C supplied from the supply port 7. The workpiece A rapidly heated to 500 ° C. or higher is deposited on the grate 9 while being thermally decomposed, and is further thermally decomposed. Therefore, in the thermal decomposition in the temperature range of 500 ° C. or higher, tar is hardly generated, and even if it is generated, it is rapidly decomposed into a low molecular substance and gasified. The product gas E obtained by this thermal decomposition is taken out from the take-out port 10 and the residue F such as ash is discharged to the discharge port 11.

  In the embodiment described above, the flow restricting means at the throttle portion is a Jinkasa-shaped lift valve, but this flow restricting means may be a slide damper, a flap gate, a pusher, a rotary valve, or the like.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, the means for cooling the throttle portion is externally cooled by the cooling jacket on the outer periphery thereof, but the flow rate regulating means such as the lift valve and the slide damper has a hollow structure and is cooled in these. You may make it let a medium pass.

A longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of a gasifier

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Drying chamber 1a Input port 2 Restriction part 3 Pyrolysis chamber 4 Elevating valve 4a Shaft bar 5, 6 Jacket 7 Supply port 8 Discharge port 9 Grate 10 Extraction port 11 Discharge port

Claims (2)

  In a gasification apparatus comprising a drying chamber for drying an object to be processed of plant organic matter and a thermal decomposition chamber for thermally decomposing the dried object to be processed, a throttle part is provided below the drying chamber. The thermal decomposition chamber is disposed, and a flow rate regulating means for regulating a flow rate at which the processing object is dropped into the thermal decomposition chamber is provided in the throttle portion, and a cooling means for cooling the vicinity of the throttle portion is provided. Characterized gasifier.   The gasifier according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate regulating means also regulates a flow rate of high-temperature gas from an upper space of the pyrolysis chamber to the drying chamber.

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