JP2007084404A - Reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a reactor provided with a connection pipe durable against concentrated stress. <P>SOLUTION: The reactor is provided with a high temperature reaction part 4 where reacting materials reacts with each other, a low temperature reaction part 6 where the reaction of the reacting materials occurs at a temperature lower than that in the high temperature reaction part 4 and the connection pipe 8 installed between the high temperature reaction part 4 and the low temperature reaction part 6, delivering the reacting materials or a product between the high temperature reaction part 4 and the low temperature reaction part 6 and made of a super-elastic material. The connection pipe 8 is durable against the stress because the super-elastic material is used for the connection pipe 8 where the stress is concentrated. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a reactor for generating hydrogen from liquid fuel through a plurality of stages of reaction.

  In recent years, fuel cells using hydrogen as fuel as a clean power source with high energy conversion efficiency have begun to be applied to automobiles and portable devices. A fuel cell is a device that directly extracts electric energy from chemical energy by electrochemically reacting fuel and oxygen in the atmosphere.

  The fuel used in the fuel cell includes hydrogen, but there is a problem in handling and storage due to being a gas at room temperature. Therefore, when liquid fuels such as alcohols and gasoline are used, a vaporizer that vaporizes the liquid fuel, a reformer that extracts hydrogen necessary for power generation by reacting the liquid fuel with high-temperature steam, and a by-product of the reforming reaction A carbon monoxide remover or the like that removes carbon monoxide, which is a product, is required (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

In addition, in order to mount a fuel cell in a small electronic device, a microreactor in which a vaporizer, a reformer, and a carbon monoxide remover are stacked has been developed (see, for example, Patent Document 2). Each of the vaporizer, the reformer, and the carbon monoxide remover is formed by joining metal substrates on which grooves are formed, and the grooves serve as flow paths.
JP 2002-356310 A

  Although the proper operating temperature range of the vaporizer or the carbon monoxide remover is different from the proper operating temperature range of the reformer, it is difficult to cause such a temperature difference. Therefore, the reactor is divided into a high-temperature reaction section and a low-temperature reaction section, and the high-temperature reaction section and the low-temperature reaction section are connected by a connecting pipe that sends reactants and products between the high-temperature reaction section and the low-temperature reaction section. Developed by the present inventors. By connecting the high temperature reaction part and the low temperature reaction part with a thin connecting pipe, the heat flow from the high temperature reaction part to the low temperature reaction part is reduced, and the temperature difference can be maintained.

  However, when the high temperature reaction part and the low temperature reaction part are connected by a connecting pipe, thermal stress concentrates on the connecting pipe. In addition, when one of the high temperature reaction part and the low temperature reaction part is fixed, the other reaction part connected to the one reaction part via the connecting pipe becomes a free end and easily vibrates, and stress concentrates on the connecting pipe. There is.

  Then, an object of this invention is to provide the reaction apparatus provided with the connection pipe which can endure the stress which concentrates.

  In order to solve the above problems, the invention described in claim 1 includes a high-temperature reaction part that causes a reaction of a reactant, a low-temperature reaction part that causes a reaction of a reactant at a lower temperature than the high-temperature reaction part, and the high-temperature reaction part. A reaction pipe and a low-temperature reaction section that are installed between the high-temperature reaction section and the low-temperature reaction section, and a connecting pipe formed of a superelastic material. Features.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the superelastic material is used for the connecting pipe for sending the reactant and the product between the high temperature reaction section and the low temperature reaction section, the connecting pipe is subjected to stress concentrated on the connecting pipe. I can bear it.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reactant or product is hydrogen gas, and the inside of the connecting pipe is subjected to nickel plating or gold plating. And

  Some superelastic materials are hydrogen embrittled, and when hydrogen is passed through the connecting pipe, the connecting pipe may be hydrogen embrittled. However, according to the second aspect of the present invention, the nickel-plated or gold-plated inside of the connecting pipe prevents hydrogen from coming into contact with the superelastic material forming the connecting pipe, and hydrogen embrittlement of the connecting pipe. Can be prevented.

  Invention of Claim 3 is the reaction apparatus of Claim 1 or 2, The height of the said connecting pipe is lower than the height of the said high temperature reaction part, and the height of the said low temperature reaction part, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. .

  A fourth aspect of the present invention is the reaction apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects, characterized in that the connecting pipe is constructed at the center in the width direction of the opposing surfaces. .

  The invention according to claim 5 is the reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that there is only one connecting pipe.

  A sixth aspect of the present invention is the reaction apparatus according to the fifth aspect, wherein the connection pipe has a plurality of connection flow paths for sending reactants or products between the high temperature reaction section and the low temperature reaction section. It is provided.

  The invention according to claim 7 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the plurality of connection flow paths are arranged along the width direction of the connection pipe.

  The invention according to claim 8 is the reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the plurality of connection channels are arranged in a lattice shape in a cross section along the width direction and the width direction of the connection pipe. It is arranged.

  The invention according to claim 9 is the reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the high temperature reaction section and the low temperature reaction section are formed of the same material.

  According to the present invention, the connection pipe can withstand the stress by using the superelastic material for the connection pipe where the stress is concentrated.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, although various technically preferable limitations for implementing the present invention are given to the embodiments described below, the scope of the invention is not limited to the following embodiments and illustrated examples.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the microreactor module 1 shown obliquely from above, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the microreactor module 1 shown obliquely from below, and FIG. 3 is a side view of the microreactor module 1.

  The microreactor module 1 is a reaction apparatus that is built in an electronic device such as a notebook personal computer, a PDA, an electronic notebook, a digital camera, a mobile phone, a wristwatch, a register, or a projector and generates hydrogen gas used for a fuel cell. The microreactor module 1 is a high-temperature reaction in which a relatively high temperature reforming reaction occurs in an appropriate reaction temperature range in a supply / discharge unit 2 in which reactants are supplied and products are discharged and a low-temperature reaction unit 6 described later. Reaction product and production between the high temperature reaction part 4 and the low temperature reaction part 6 in which the selective oxidation reaction relatively low with respect to the appropriate reaction temperature range in the high temperature reaction part 4 and the high temperature reaction part 4 occurs. And a connecting pipe 8 for inflow or outflow of goods. The high temperature reaction part 4 and the low temperature reaction part 6 are made of a metal material such as stainless steel (SUS304) having excellent corrosion resistance.

  The high temperature reaction part 4 and the low temperature reaction part 6 are parallel to the opposing substrate surfaces, and the short direction of the entire microreactor module 1 is the width direction X, and the long direction of the entire microreactor module 1 is the length direction Y. The thickness direction of the microreactor module 1 is parallel to the counter substrate surface of the low temperature reaction section 6 and is defined as the height direction Z. The directions X, Y, and Z are orthogonal to each other. The connecting pipe 8 is disposed between the opposing surfaces of the high-temperature reaction unit 4 and the low-temperature reaction unit 6, and is connected to the high-temperature reaction unit 4 at one location, and is connected to the low-temperature reaction unit 6 at one location. Yes. More specifically, in the width direction X, the connecting pipe 8 is connected to the central part of the high temperature reaction part 4 and is connected to the central part of the low temperature reaction part 6. Further, in the height direction Z, the connecting pipe 8 is connected to the lower end of the high temperature reaction unit 4 and is connected to the lower end of the low temperature reaction unit 6. The width in the width direction X of the connecting pipe 8 is shorter than the width in the width direction X on the facing surface of the high temperature reaction portion 4 and shorter than the width in the width direction X on the facing surface of the low temperature reaction portion 6. The height in the height direction Z of the connecting pipe 8 is shorter than the height in the height direction Z on the facing surface of the high temperature reaction portion 4 and shorter than the height in the height direction Z on the facing surface of the low temperature reaction portion 6. In order to evenly disperse the thermal expansion of the connecting pipe 8 on the high temperature reaction section 4 side in the width direction X, the connecting pipe 8 is preferably located in the center of the high temperature reaction section 4 in the width direction X. In order to evenly disperse the thermal expansion of the connecting pipe 8 on the low temperature reaction section 6 side, the connecting pipe 8 is preferably located at the center of the low temperature reaction section 6 in the width direction X. Further, since the connecting pipe 8 is formed by a heating wire 172 provided on the lower surface of the high-temperature reaction section 4 to be described later around the lower surface of the connecting pipe 8, there is a step between the lower surface of the high-temperature reaction section 4 and the lower surface of the connecting pipe 8. It is preferable that the temperature is not higher, and the lower end portion of the high temperature reaction portion 4 and the lower end portion of the low temperature reaction portion 6 are arranged.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic side view when the microreactor module 1 is divided for each function. As shown in FIG. 4, the supply / discharge unit 2 is mainly provided with a carburetor 502 and a first combustor 504. The first combustor 504 is supplied with a mixture of air and gaseous fuel (for example, hydrogen gas which is a product of the microreactor module 1 or methanol gas which is a reaction product of the microreactor module 1), and catalytic combustion of the mixture is performed. Will generate heat. The vaporizer 502 is supplied with a mixed liquid of water and liquid fuel (for example, methanol, ethanol, gasoline) from the fuel container, and the mixed liquid is vaporized in the vaporizer 502 by the combustion heat in the first combustor 504.

  The high temperature reaction unit 4 is mainly provided with a first steam reformer 506, a second combustor (heating unit) 508, and a second steam reformer 510, but the first steam reformer 506 is located on the lower side. The second steam reformer 510 is on the upper side, and the second combustor 508 is sandwiched between the first steam reformer 506 and the second steam reformer 510.

  The second combustor 508 is supplied with a mixture of air and gaseous fuel (for example, hydrogen gas, methanol gas, etc.), and generates heat by catalytic combustion of the mixture. In the fuel cell, electricity is generated by an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen gas, but the first combustor 504 and the unreacted hydrogen gas contained in the off-gas discharged from the fuel cell are mixed with air. It may be supplied to the second combustor 508. Of course, the liquid fuel (for example, methanol, ethanol, gasoline) stored in the fuel container is vaporized by another vaporizer, and the mixture of the vaporized fuel and air is the first combustor 504 and the second combustor. 508 may be supplied.

The first steam reformer 506 and the second steam reformer 510 are supplied with a mixture of water and fuel from the vaporizer 502, and the first steam reformer 506 and the second steam reformer 510 are subjected to the second combustion. Heated by vessel 508. In the first steam reformer 506 and the second steam reformer 510, hydrogen gas or the like is generated from water and fuel by a catalytic reaction, and a carbon monoxide gas is further generated in a small amount. When the fuel is methanol, chemical reactions such as the following formulas (1) and (2) occur. The reaction for generating hydrogen is an endothermic reaction, but the combustion heat of the second combustor 508 is used.
CH ₃ OH + H ₂ O → 3H ₂ + CO ₂ (1)
2CH ₃ OH + H ₂ O → 5H ₂ + CO + CO ₂ (2)

  The low temperature reaction unit 6 is mainly provided with a carbon monoxide remover 512. The carbon monoxide remover 512 is supplied with an air-fuel mixture containing hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide gas, etc. from the first steam reformer 506 and the second steam reformer 510, and further supplied with air to remove carbon monoxide. The vessel 512 is heated by the first combustor 504. The carbon monoxide remover 512 selectively oxidizes carbon monoxide from the air-fuel mixture, thereby removing the carbon monoxide. An air-fuel mixture (hydrogen-rich gas) from which carbon monoxide has been removed is supplied to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell.

  Hereinafter, specific configurations of the supply / discharge unit 2, the high temperature reaction unit 4, the low temperature reaction unit 6, and the connecting pipe 8 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 5 to 13. Here, FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the microreactor module 1, FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the front, side, and top surfaces of the connecting tube 8 as viewed from the high temperature reaction section 4 side, and FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VII-VII, FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VIII-VIII of FIG. 3, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IX-IX of FIG. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XX of FIG. 3, and FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XI-XI of FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along the line XII-XII in FIG. 3, and FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along the line XIII-XIII in FIG. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XIV-XIV in FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 3, 5, and 7, the supply / discharge unit 2 includes a multi-pipe material 10 made of a metal material such as stainless steel, and three combustor plates 12 stacked around the multi-pipe material 10. It has.

  The multi-pipe 10 is provided with a vaporization introduction path 14, an air introduction path 16, a combustion mixture introduction path 18, an exhaust gas discharge path 20, a combustion mixture introduction path 22, and a hydrogen rich gas discharge path 24 that are parallel to each other. It has been. The vaporization introduction path 14, the air introduction path 16, the combustion mixture introduction path 18, the exhaust gas discharge path 20, the combustion mixture introduction path 22, and the hydrogen rich gas discharge path 24 are partitioned by a partition of the multi-pipe material 10. Note that the vaporization introduction path 14, the air introduction path 16, the combustion mixture introduction path 18, the exhaust gas discharge path 20, the combustion mixture introduction path 22, and the hydrogen rich gas discharge path 24 are provided in one multi-tube material 10. However, these flow paths 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 may be provided in separate pipes, and these pipes may be bundled.

  As shown in FIG. 14, the vaporization introduction path 14 is filled with a liquid absorbing material 33 such as a felt material, a ceramic porous material, a fiber material, and a carbon porous material. The liquid absorbing material 33 absorbs liquid, and the liquid absorbing material 33 is obtained by solidifying inorganic fibers or organic fibers with a binder, sintered inorganic powder, or binding inorganic powder. It may be hardened with a material or a mixture of graphite and glassy carbon.

The combustor plate 12 is also made of a metal material such as stainless steel. A through-hole is formed at the center of the combustor plate 12, the multi-tube material 10 is fitted into the through-hole, and the multi-tube material 10 and the combustor plate 12 are joined. Further, a partition wall is projected on one surface of the combustor plate 12. A part of the partition wall is provided over the entire outer periphery of the combustor plate 12, and another part is provided in the radial direction, and the three combustor plates 12 are laminated around the multi-tubular material 10 by bonding. Furthermore, when the uppermost combustor plate 12 is joined to the lower surface of the low temperature reaction part 6, the combustion flow path 26 is formed on these joined surfaces. One end of the combustion flow path 26 communicates with the combustion mixture introduction path 22, and the other end of the combustion flow path 26 communicates with the exhaust gas discharge path 20. A combustion catalyst for burning the combustion air-fuel mixture is carried on the wall surface of the combustion channel 26. An example of the combustion catalyst is platinum.
As shown in FIG. 14, the liquid absorbing material 33 in the multi-tubular material 10 is filled up to the position of the combustor plate 12.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the low temperature reaction unit 6 is formed by stacking a base plate 28, a lower frame 30, a middle frame 32, an upper frame 34, and a lid plate 36 in this order from the bottom, and has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. ing. The base plate 28, the lower frame 30, the middle frame 32, the upper frame 34, and the lid plate 36 are made of a metal material such as stainless steel.

  In the center portion in the width direction of the base plate 28, the multi-tubular material 10 and the uppermost combustor plate 12 are joined to the lower surface of the base plate 28. As shown in FIG. 8, the partition wall is projected on the upper surface of the base plate 28, so that the mixed gas flow path 38, the mixed flow path 40, the carbon monoxide removal path 42, and the twisted carbon monoxide removal path. The channel 44 is divided into a U-shaped carbon monoxide removal channel 46, a combustion mixture channel 48 and an exhaust gas channel 50. A through hole 52 is formed at the end of the mixed gas flow path 38, and the mixed gas flow path 38 communicates with the vaporization introduction path 14 of the multi-tubular material 10 through the through hole 52. The carbon monoxide removal channel 46 surrounds the through hole 52, a through hole 54 is formed at the end of the carbon monoxide removal channel 46, and the carbon monoxide removal channel 46 passes through the through hole 54. It leads to a discharge path 24 for hydrogen rich gas. A through hole 58 is formed at the end of the combustion mixture flow path 48, and the combustion mixture flow path 48 communicates with the combustion mixture introduction path 18 through the through hole 58. A through hole 56 is formed at the end of the exhaust gas channel 50, and the exhaust gas channel 50 communicates with the exhaust gas discharge channel 20 through the through hole 56. A through hole 60 is formed at the end of the mixing channel 40, and the mixing channel 40 communicates with the air introduction path 16 through the through hole 60.

As shown in FIG. 9, by providing a partition wall inside the lower frame 30, the inner side of the lower frame 30 has a twisted carbon monoxide removal channel 62 and a spiral carbon monoxide removal channel 64. Are divided into a blow-through hole 66, a combustion mixture passage 68 and an exhaust gas passage 70. A bottom plate 72 is provided in the carbon monoxide removal channel 64, the combustion mixture channel 68 and the exhaust gas channel 70, and when the lower frame 30 is joined to the base plate 28, the bottom plate 72 causes the mixed gas channel 38, the mixed flow The passage 40, the carbon monoxide removal passage 46, the combustion mixture passage 48, and the exhaust gas passage 50 are covered. Further, one end of the carbon monoxide removal flow path 64 communicates with the carbon monoxide removal flow path 62, and the carbon monoxide removal flow path of the base plate 28 in the middle of the carbon monoxide removal flow path 64. A blow-through hole 74 that leads to the carbon monoxide removal flow path 64 is formed at the other end of the carbon monoxide removal flow path 64, and a blow-through hole 76 that leads to the carbon monoxide removal flow path 46 of the base plate 28 is formed. The carbon monoxide removal flow path 62 overlaps the carbon monoxide removal flow path 44 of the base plate 28, and the carbon monoxide removal flow path 62 and the carbon monoxide removal flow path 44 are blown through. The blow-through hole 66 is located on the mixing channel 40 of the base plate 28. A blow-through hole 69 is formed in the combustion mixture flow path 68, and the combustion mixture flow path 68 communicates with the combustion mixture flow path 48 of the base plate 28 via the blow-through hole 69. An exhaust hole 71 is formed in the exhaust gas flow path 70, and the exhaust gas flow path 70 communicates with the exhaust gas flow path 50 of the base plate 28 via the blow through hole 71.
In plan view, the multi-tube material 10 overlaps a part of the carbon monoxide removal flow path 64, and the carbon monoxide removal flow path 64 swirls around the multi-tube material 10.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the partition wall is provided inside the middle frame 32, so that the inside of the middle frame 32 has a twisted carbon monoxide removal channel 78 and a spiral carbon monoxide removal channel 80. And a blow-through hole 82. A bottom plate 83 is provided in a part of the carbon monoxide removing flow path 80, and when the middle frame 32 is joined to the lower frame 30, the combustion mixture flow path 68 and the exhaust gas flow path 70 of the lower frame 30 are formed by the bottom plate 83. Covered. The carbon monoxide removing channel 78 overlaps the carbon monoxide removing channel 62 of the lower frame 30, and the carbon monoxide removing channel 78 and the carbon monoxide removing channel 62 are blown through. The carbon monoxide removal channel 80 overlaps the carbon monoxide removal channel 64 of the lower frame 30, and the carbon monoxide removal channel 80 and the carbon monoxide removal channel 64 are blown through. The blow-through hole 82 is overlapped with the blow-through hole 66 of the lower frame 30, and the blow-through hole 82 and the blow-through hole 66 are blown through.

  As shown in FIG. 11, by providing a partition wall inside the upper frame 34, a twisted carbon monoxide removal channel 84 is formed inside the upper frame 34. Further, a bottom plate 86 is provided on the entire inside of the upper frame 34, and when the upper frame 34 is joined to the middle frame 32, the bottom plate 86 causes the carbon monoxide removal flow path 78 and the carbon monoxide removal flow to flow through the middle frame 32. The path 80 is covered. A blow-through hole 88 is formed at one end of the carbon monoxide removal channel 84, and a blow-through hole 90 is formed at the other end of the carbon monoxide removal channel 84. The blow-through hole 88 overlaps the blow-through hole 82 of the middle frame 32, and the carbon monoxide removal flow path 84 communicates with the mixing flow path 40 through the blow-through hole 88, the blow-through hole 82, and the blow-through hole 66. The blow-through hole 90 is positioned on the end of the carbon monoxide removal flow path 78 of the middle frame 32, and the carbon monoxide removal flow path 84 communicates with the carbon monoxide removal flow path 78 through the blow-through hole 90. .

  As illustrated in FIG. 5, the carbon monoxide removal flow path 84 is covered with the lid plate 36 by joining the lid plate 36 on the upper frame 34. Here, a carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst that selectively oxidizes carbon monoxide is formed on the entire wall surfaces of the carbon monoxide removal flow paths 42, 44, 46, 46, 62, 64, 78, 80, and 84. It is supported. An example of the catalyst for selective oxidation of carbon monoxide is platinum.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the high temperature reaction unit 4 is formed by laminating a base plate 102, a lower frame 104, a middle frame 106, a combustor plate 108, an upper frame 110 and a lid plate 112 in this order from the bottom. It has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The base plate 102, the lower frame 104, the middle frame 106, the combustor plate 108, the upper frame 110, and the lid plate 112 are made of a metal material such as stainless steel.

  As shown in FIG. 8, partition walls are provided on the upper surface of the base plate 102 so as to be divided into a supply flow path 114, a twisted steam reforming flow path 116, and a discharge flow path 115. The supply channel 114 is connected to the steam reforming channel 116, but the discharge channel 115 is independent of the supply channel 114 and the steam reforming channel 116.

  As shown in FIG. 9, by providing a partition wall inside the lower frame 104, a steam reforming flow path 118, a combustion mixture flow path 120, an exhaust gas flow path 122, and a blow-through are formed inside the lower frame 104. It is divided into holes 124. A bottom plate 126 is provided in the combustion mixture flow channel 120 and the exhaust gas flow channel 122, and the lower frame 104 is joined to the base plate 102, so that the supply flow channel 114 and the discharge flow channel 115 of the base plate 102 are covered by the bottom plate 126. . The steam reforming channel 118 overlaps the steam reforming channel 116 of the base plate 102, and the steam reforming channel 118 and the steam reforming channel 116 are blown through.

  As shown in FIG. 10, by providing a partition wall inside the middle frame 106, the inside of the middle frame 106 is formed into a twisted steam reforming flow path 128, a blow hole 130, a blow hole 132, and a blow hole 134. It is divided. Further, the middle frame 106 is provided with a bottom plate 136, and the middle frame 106 is joined to the lower frame 104, whereby the combustion mixture flow path 120 and the exhaust gas flow path 122 of the lower frame 104 are covered by the bottom plate 136. The steam reforming channel 128 overlaps the steam reforming channel 118 of the lower frame 104, and the steam reforming channel 128 and the steam reforming channel 118 are blown through. The blow-through hole 130 is overlapped with the blow-through hole 124 of the lower frame 104, and the blow-through hole 130 and the blow-through hole 124 are blown through. The blow-through hole 132 is located on the end of the combustion mixture flow path 120, and the blow-through hole 134 is located on the end of the exhaust gas flow path 122.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the combustor plate 108 is joined onto the middle frame 106, whereby the steam reforming flow path 128 of the middle frame 106 is covered with the combustor plate 108. As shown in FIG. 12, a partition wall is provided on the upper surface of the combustor plate 108 so as to be divided into a combustion chamber 138, a combustion chamber 140, a blow-through hole 142, and a blow-through hole 144. A blow-through hole 146 is formed at the end of the combustion chamber 138, and the blow-through hole 146 is positioned on the blow-through hole 132 of the middle frame 106. It leads to the combustion mixture flow path 120. The combustion chamber 138 communicates with the combustion chamber 140. In addition, a blow-through hole 148 is formed at the end of the combustion chamber 140, the blow-through hole 148 is located on the blow-through hole 134 of the middle frame 106, and the combustion chamber 140 flows through the blow-through hole 148 and the blow-through hole 134. It leads to the road 122. The blow-through hole 142 is located on the end of the steam reforming flow path 128 of the middle frame 106, and the blow-through hole 142 communicates with the steam reforming flow path 128. The blow-through hole 144 is located on the blow-through hole 130 of the middle frame 106, and the blow-through hole 144 communicates with the blow-through hole 130. A combustion catalyst for burning the combustion air-fuel mixture is supported on the bottom and side surfaces of the combustion chamber 138 and the combustion chamber 140. An example of the combustion catalyst is platinum.

  As shown in FIG. 11, a partition wall is provided on the inner side of the upper frame 110, whereby a distorted steam reforming flow path 150 is formed on the inner side of the upper frame 110. Further, a bottom plate 152 is provided on the upper frame 110, and the upper frame 110 is joined onto the combustor plate 108, whereby the combustion chamber 138 and the combustion chamber 140 of the combustor plate 108 are covered. A blow-through hole 154 is formed at one end of the steam reforming flow path 150, and a blow-through hole 156 is formed at the other end of the steam reforming flow path 150. The blow-through hole 154 is located on the blow-through hole 142 of the combustor plate 108, and the steam reforming flow path 150 communicates with the steam reforming flow path 128 of the middle frame 106 through the blow-through hole 154 and the blow-through hole 142. Yes. The blow-through hole 156 is located on the blow-through hole 144 of the combustor plate 108, and the steam reforming flow path 150 communicates with the discharge flow path 115 through the blow-through hole 156, the blow-through hole 144, the blow-through hole 130, and the blow-through hole 124. ing.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the steam reforming flow path 150 is covered with the lid plate 112 by joining the lid plate 112 on the upper frame 110. Here, a steam reforming catalyst that reforms the fuel to generate hydrogen is supported on the wall surfaces of the supply channel 114, the discharge channel 115, and the steam reforming channels 116, 118, 128, and 150. Yes. Examples of the steam reforming catalyst used for reforming methanol include Cu / ZnO-based catalysts.

  As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 6, the outer shape of the connection pipe 8 is a prismatic shape, and the width of the connection pipe 8 is narrower than any of the high temperature reaction part 4 and the low temperature reaction part 6. Is also lower than the height of either the high temperature reaction part 4 or the low temperature reaction part 6. Therefore, it is difficult to conduct heat from the high temperature reaction section 4 to the low temperature reaction section 6 through the connecting pipe 8. Although the connecting pipe 8 is installed between the high temperature reaction part 4 and the low temperature reaction part 6, the connection pipe 8 is joined to the high temperature reaction part 4 at the center in the width direction of the high temperature reaction part 4 and the low temperature reaction part. 6 is joined to the low temperature reaction part 6 in the center in the width direction. Further, the lower surface of the connecting pipe 8 is flush with the lower surface of the high temperature reaction unit 4, that is, the lower surface of the base plate 102, and further flush with the lower surface of the low temperature reaction unit 6, that is, the lower surface of the base plate 28. Yes.

  As shown in FIGS. 8, 9, and 13, the connecting pipe 8 is provided with a connecting channel 162, a connecting channel 164, a connecting channel 166, and a connecting channel 168 in parallel with each other. The connection channel 162, the connection channel 164, the connection channel 166, and the connection channel 168 are partitioned by the partition wall of the connection pipe 8. One end of the connection channel 162 communicates with the mixed gas channel 38, and the other end of the connection channel 162 communicates with the supply channel 114. One end of the connection channel 164 communicates with the discharge channel 115 and the other end communicates with the mixing channel 40. One end of the connection channel 166 communicates with the combustion mixture channel 68, and the other end communicates with the combustion mixture channel 120. One end of the connection channel 168 communicates with the exhaust gas channel 122 and the other end communicates with the exhaust gas channel 70.

The connecting pipe 8 is formed using a superelastic material. Here, the superelastic material will be described.
When an external stress exceeding the elastic limit is applied to a normal metal material, an atom dissociates and breaks the bond between the next atom and a bond between the next atom and a bond between the next atom and a specific crystal plane. Occurs. When plastic deformation occurs, the strain returns only to the elastic deformation even if the external stress is removed, and a permanent deformation remains due to the displacement of the atoms.

  On the other hand, a superelastic material has a crystal structure called an austenite phase in the absence of external stress. However, when external stress is applied thereto, it transforms into a crystal structure called stress-induced martensite phase and deforms. The transformation from the austenite phase to the stress-induced martensite phase is carried out without breaking the bond, so when the external stress is removed, the energy-unstable martensite phase immediately returns to the original austenite phase, and the original shape Return to. Such a superelastic material has a property (superelastic effect) that even when deformation of 10 times the proportional limit is applied by external stress, the strain disappears when the external stress is removed and no permanent deformation remains.

Examples of such superelastic materials include nickel-titanium alloys, nickel-titanium-iron alloys, nickel-titanium-chromium alloys, nickel-titanium-copper alloys, and the like. Specifically, NT-N (manufactured by Furukawa Techno Material Co., Ltd.) can be used as the superelastic material used for the connecting pipe 8. This material exhibits a superelastic effect when the stress acting on the superelastic material is in the range of 300 to 900 kgf / mm ² , and can be a material that resists deformation and fracture.

  However, some of the above materials have chemical properties that absorb hydrogen and become brittle. For this reason, the inner surface of the connection flow path 162, the connection flow path 164, the connection flow path 166, and the connection flow path 168 of the connection pipe 8 is plated inactive to hydrogen so that hydrogen does not directly contact the superelastic material. It is preferable to apply nickel plating or gold plating.

  As described above, in the supply / discharge section 2, the high temperature reaction section 4, the low temperature reaction section 6, and the connecting pipe 8, the flow path is partitioned by the partition walls (including the bottom plate, the top plate, the side plate, and the outer plate). Also in the portion, the thickness of the partition wall is uniform, and the thickness is 0.1 mm or more and 0.2 mm or less, preferably 0.1 mm.

  The paths of the flow paths provided inside the supply / discharge section 2, the high temperature reaction section 4, the low temperature reaction section 6 and the connecting pipe 8 are as shown in FIGS. The correspondence relationship between FIGS. 15, 16, and 4 will be described below. The vaporization introduction path 14 corresponds to the vaporizer 502, and the steam reforming channels 116, 118, and 128 serve as the first steam reformer 506. Correspondingly, the steam reforming flow path 150 corresponds to the second steam reformer 510, and the carbon monoxide remover extends from the start end of the carbon monoxide removal flow path 84 to the end of the carbon monoxide removal flow path 46. 512, the combustion flow path 26 corresponds to the first combustor 504, and the combustion chambers 138 and 140 correspond to the second combustor 508.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the lower surface of the low temperature reaction unit 6, that is, the lower surface of the base plate 28 is patterned in a state where the heating wire 170 meanders, and the high temperature reaction unit 4 passes through the connecting pipe 8 from the low temperature reaction unit 6. On these lower surfaces, the heating wire 172 is patterned in a meandering state. A heating wire 174 is patterned from the lower surface of the low temperature reaction part 6 through the surface of the combustor plate 12 to the side surface of the multi-tubular material 10. Here, an insulating film such as silicon nitride or silicon oxide is formed on the lower surface of the connecting pipe 8, the base plate 28 and the base plate 102, the side surface of the multi-tubular material 10, and the surface of the combustor plate 12. Heating wires 170, 172, and 174 are formed. The heating wires 170, 172, and 174 are formed by laminating an insulating layer, an adhesion layer, a diffusion prevention layer, and a heat generation layer in this order. The heat generating layer is a material having the lowest resistivity among the three layers (for example, Au). When a voltage is applied to the heating wires 170, 172, and 174, a current flows intensively and heat is generated. It is preferable to use a substance (for example, W) having a relatively high melting point and low reactivity for the diffusion prevention layer, and the material of the heat generation layer does not diffuse into the diffusion prevention layer. The adhesion layer is made of a material (for example, Ta, Mo, Ti, Cr) having excellent adhesion to the diffusion prevention layer and the insulating film.

  In addition, the heating wires 170, 172, and 174 change in electrical resistance depending on the temperature, and also function as temperature sensors that read a change in temperature from a change in resistance value. Specifically, the temperature of the heating wires 170, 172, and 174 is proportional to the electrical resistance.

  Any end portions of the heating wires 170, 172, and 174 are located on the lower surface of the base plate 28, and these end portions are arranged so as to surround the combustor plate 12. Lead wires 176 and 178 are connected to both ends of the heating wire 170, lead wires 180 and 182 are connected to both ends of the heating wire 172, and lead wires 184 and 186 are connected to both ends of the heating wire 174, respectively. Is connected. The lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, and 186 are covered with a high melting point insulator such as glass. In FIG. 3, the heating wires 170, 172, 174 and the lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186 are omitted for easy understanding of the drawing.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, a getter material 188 is provided on the surface of the low temperature reaction portion 6, and a heater such as an electric heating material is provided on the getter material 188, and a wiring 190 is connected to the heater. Yes. Both ends of the wiring 190 are positioned on the lower surface of the base plate 28 around the combustor plate 12, and lead wires 192 and 194 are connected to both ends of the wiring 190, respectively. The getter material 188 is activated by being heated and has an adsorption action. Examples of the material of the getter material 188 include an alloy mainly composed of zirconium, barium, or thianium. In FIG. 3, the lead wires 192 and 194 are not shown to make the drawing easier to see.

  As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the microreactor module 1 includes a heat insulation package 200, and the high temperature reaction unit 4, the low temperature reaction unit 6, and the connecting pipe 8 are accommodated in the heat insulation package 200. The heat insulating package 200 includes a rectangular box 202 having an open bottom surface and a base plate 204 that closes the bottom opening of the box 202, and the base plate 204 is joined to the box 202. Both the box 202 and the base plate 204 are made of a metal such as stainless steel (SUS304) having a thickness of about 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm.

  The heat radiation from the supply / discharge unit 2, the high temperature reaction unit 4, the low temperature reaction unit 6, and the connecting pipe 8 is reflected and is prevented from propagating out of the heat insulation package 200. The internal space between the heat insulation package 200 and the microreactor module 1 is evacuated so that the internal pressure becomes 1 Pa or less. A part of the external circulation pipe 10 of the supply / discharge section 2 is exposed from the heat insulation package 200, and is connected to a fuel electrode of a power generation module 1008 described later, and further connected to a fuel container 1004 via a flow rate control unit 1006. Yes. A part of the wiring group 197 having the lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 192, 194 is exposed from the heat insulating package 200. In the external circulation pipe 10 and the lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 192, and 194, gaps that allow the outside air to enter the heat insulation package 200 from the exposed portions of the heat insulation package 200 and increase the internal pressure. The external flow pipe 10 and the lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 192, and 194 are joined to the base plate 204 of the heat insulation package 200 with a metal wax, glass material, or insulating sealing material. Yes. Since the heat insulating package 200 is metallic, it exhibits conductivity. However, since the lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 192, 194 are covered with a high melting point insulator, the lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 192, and 194 do not conduct with the heat insulation package 200, respectively.

  As described above, since the internal pressure of the internal space of the heat insulation package 200 can be kept low, the medium that propagates the heat generated by the microreactor module 1 becomes dilute, and the heat convection in the internal space can be suppressed, so that the heat retaining effect of the microreactor module 1 can be reduced. Increase. Moreover, since the heat insulation package 200 reflects heat radiation, it suppresses heat propagation outside the heat insulation package 200. In the space sealed by the heat insulation package 200, a connecting pipe 8 having a predetermined distance is interposed between the high temperature reaction part 4 and the low temperature reaction part 6 of the microreactor module 1, but the volume of the communication pipe 8 is as follows. Since the volume of the high-temperature reaction unit 4 and the low-temperature reaction unit 6 is extremely small, propagation of heat from the high-temperature reaction unit 4 to the low-temperature reaction unit 6 through the connecting pipe 8 is suppressed, and the high-temperature reaction unit 4 and the low-temperature reaction unit 6 In between, the thermal gradient required for the reaction can be maintained, the temperature in the high temperature reaction part 4 can be easily made uniform, and the temperature in the low temperature reaction part 6 can be made easy.

  The heat insulating package 200 is formed of metal as described above, but may be a heat insulating material such as glass or ceramic, and a heat radiation reflecting film such as aluminum or gold may be formed on the inner surface. Good. When such a heat radiation reflection film is formed, heat loss due to radiation from the supply / discharge section 2, the high temperature reaction section 4, the low temperature reaction section 6 and the connecting pipe 8 can be suppressed.

  In this manner, the through holes 195 and 196 pass through the base plate 204, and the through holes 195 and 196 are brazed and sealed with the external circulation pipe 10 and the wiring group 197 inserted into the through holes 195 and 196, respectively. It has been stopped. The thermal expansion coefficient of the wax material is preferably close to the thermal expansion coefficient of the heat insulating package 200. Since the internal space of the heat insulation package 200 is sealed and the internal space is at a vacuum pressure, the heat insulation effect is high. Therefore, heat loss can be suppressed.

  The multi-pipe material 10 is in a state of protruding both inside and outside the heat insulating package 200. Therefore, inside the heat insulation package 200, the multi-pipe material 10 is in a state of standing with respect to the base plate 204 as a support column, and the high-temperature reaction unit 4, the low-temperature reaction unit 6 and the connecting pipe 8 are supported by the multi-pipe material 10, and the high-temperature reaction is performed. The part 4, the low temperature reaction part 6 and the connecting pipe 8 are separated from the inner surface of the heat insulating package 200.

  Further, it is desirable that the multi-pipe material 10 is connected to the lower surface of the low temperature reaction part 6 at the center of gravity of the high temperature reaction part 4, the low temperature reaction part 6 and the connection pipe 8 as viewed in plan.

  The getter material 188 is provided on the surface of the low temperature reaction part 6, but the position where the getter material 188 is provided is not particularly limited as long as it is inside the heat insulating package 200.

  Next, the operation of the microreactor module 1 will be described.

  First, when a voltage is applied between the lead wires 192 and 194, the getter material 188 is heated by the heater, and the getter material 188 is activated. Thereby, the gas in the heat insulation package 200 is adsorbed by the getter material 188, the degree of vacuum in the heat insulation package 200 is increased, and the heat insulation efficiency is increased.

  Further, when a voltage is applied between the lead wires 176 and 178, the heating wire 170 generates heat and the low temperature reaction part 6 is heated. When a voltage is applied between the lead wires 180 and 182, the heating wire 172 generates heat and the high temperature reaction unit 4 is heated. When a voltage is applied between the lead wires 184 and 186, the heating wire 174 generates heat, and the upper portion of the multi-pipe material 10 is mainly heated. Since the supply / discharge part 2, the high temperature reaction part 4, the low temperature reaction part 6 and the connecting pipe 8 are made of a metal material, heat conduction between them is easy. Note that the current and voltage of the heating wires 170, 172, and 174 are measured by the control device, whereby the temperatures of the supply / discharge unit 2, the high temperature reaction unit 4 and the low temperature reaction unit 6 are measured, and the measured temperature is fed back to the control device. Then, the voltage of the heating wires 170, 172, 174 is controlled by the control device, whereby the temperature control of the supply / discharge unit 2, the high temperature reaction unit 4, and the low temperature reaction unit 6 is performed.

  In a state where the supply / discharge section 2, the high temperature reaction section 4 and the low temperature reaction section 6 are heated by the heating wires 170, 172 and 174, the liquid mixture of liquid fuel and water is continuously or intermittently supplied to the vaporization introduction path 14 by a pump or the like. When the liquid is supplied, the liquid mixture is absorbed by the liquid absorbing material 33, and the liquid mixture permeates toward the vaporization introduction path 14 by capillary action. Since the liquid absorbing material 33 is filled up to the height of the combustor plate 12, the liquid mixture in the liquid absorbing material 33 is vaporized, and the mixture of fuel and water evaporates from the liquid absorbing material 33. Since the liquid mixture is vaporized in the liquid absorbing material 33, bumping can be suppressed and vaporization can be stably performed.

  Then, the air-fuel mixture evaporated from the liquid absorbing material 33 passes through the through-hole 52, the mixed gas flow path 38, the connection flow path 162, and the supply flow path 114, and the first steam reformer 506 (steam reforming flow path 116, 118, 128). Thereafter, the air-fuel mixture flows into the second steam reformer 510 (steam reforming flow path 150). When the air-fuel mixture flows through the steam reforming channels 116, 118, 128, and 150, the air-fuel mixture is heated and undergoes a catalytic reaction to generate hydrogen gas or the like (when the fuel is methanol). Is the above chemical reaction formula (1), (2)).

  The air-fuel mixture (including hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, carbon monoxide gas, etc.) generated by the first steam reformer 506 and the second steam reformer 510 is discharged from the blow-through holes 156, 144, 130, 124. It flows into the mixing channel 40 through the channel 115 and the connecting channel 164. On the other hand, air is supplied to the air introduction passage 16 by a pump or the like, flows into the mixing passage 40, and the air-fuel mixture such as hydrogen gas is mixed with air.

  An air-fuel mixture containing air, hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide gas, carbon dioxide gas, etc. passes through the blowout holes 66, 82, 88 from the mixing flow path 40, and the carbon monoxide remover 512 (the carbon monoxide removal flow path). 84 to the carbon monoxide removal channel 46). When the air-fuel mixture flows from the carbon monoxide removal flow path 84 to the carbon monoxide removal flow path 46, the carbon monoxide gas in the air-fuel mixture is selectively oxidized and the carbon monoxide gas is removed. Here, the carbon monoxide gas does not react uniformly between the carbon monoxide removal flow path 84 and the carbon monoxide removal flow path 46, but from the carbon monoxide removal flow path 84. The reaction rate of the carbon monoxide gas is increased downstream (mainly from the carbon monoxide removal flow path 80 to the carbon monoxide removal flow path 46) in the path to the removal flow path 46. Since the oxidation reaction of the carbon monoxide gas is an exothermic reaction, heat is generated mainly from the carbon monoxide removal channel 80 to the carbon monoxide removal channel 46. Since the multi-pipe material 10 is located under this portion, the heat from the oxidation reaction of the carbon monoxide gas is efficiently used for the heat of vaporization of water and fuel.

  Then, the air-fuel mixture from which carbon monoxide has been removed is supplied to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell through the through hole 54 and the hydrogen-rich gas discharge path 24. In the fuel cell, electricity is generated by an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen gas, and off-gas containing unreacted hydrogen gas and the like is discharged from the fuel cell.

  The above operation is an initial operation, but the liquid mixture is continuously supplied to the vaporization introduction path 14 after that. Then, air is mixed with the off-gas discharged from the fuel cell, and the mixture (hereinafter referred to as combustion mixture) is supplied to the combustion mixture introduction path 22 and the combustion mixture introduction path 18. The combustion mixture supplied to the combustion mixture introduction channel 22 flows into the combustion channel 26, and the combustion mixture burns. As a result, combustion heat is generated. However, since the combustion channel 26 circulates around the multi-pipe material 10 on the lower side of the low-temperature reaction part 6, the multi-pipe material 10 is heated and the low-temperature reaction part 6 is heated by the combustion heat. The Therefore, the power consumption of the heating wires 170 and 174 can be reduced, and the energy utilization efficiency is increased.

  On the other hand, the combustion mixture supplied to the combustion mixture introduction path 18 flows into the combustion chambers 138 and 140, and the combustion mixture burns. This generates combustion heat, but the first steam reformer 506 is disposed below the combustion chambers 138, 140 and the second steam reformer 510 is disposed above the combustion chambers 138, 140. The first steam reformer 506 and the second steam reformer 510 are heated by the heat. Therefore, the power consumption of the heating wire 172 can be reduced and the energy utilization efficiency is increased.

  The liquid fuel stored in the fuel container may be vaporized, and the vaporized fuel / air combustion mixture may be supplied to the combustion mixture introduction paths 18 and 22.

  In a state where the mixed liquid is supplied to the vaporization introduction passage 14 and the combustion mixture is supplied to the combustion mixture introduction passages 18 and 22, the control device measures the temperature with the heating wires 170, 172 and 174. While controlling the applied voltage of the heating wires 170, 172, 174, the pump and the like are controlled. When the pump is controlled by the control device, the flow rate of the combustion mixture supplied to the combustion mixture introduction passages 18 and 22 is controlled, whereby the amount of combustion heat of the combustors 504 and 508 is controlled. As described above, the control device controls the heating wires 170, 172, 174 and the pump, thereby controlling the temperatures of the supply / discharge unit 2, the high temperature reaction unit 4 and the low temperature reaction unit 6. Here, temperature control is performed so that the high temperature reaction unit 4 is 375 ° C. and the low temperature reaction unit 6 is 150 ° C.

  As shown in FIG. 19, the microreactor module 1 as described above can be used by being assembled in the power generation unit 1001. The power generation unit 1001 includes a frame 1002, a fuel container 1004 that can be attached to and detached from the frame 1002, a flow rate control unit 1006 having a flow path, a pump, a flow rate sensor, a valve, and the like, and a heat insulation package 200. A microreactor module 1, a power generation cell 1008 having a fuel battery cell, a humidifier, a recovery device, and the like, an air pump 1010, and a power supply unit 612 having a secondary battery, a DC-DC converter, an external interface, and the like are provided. By supplying the mixture of water and liquid fuel in the fuel container 604 to the microreactor module 1 by the flow rate control unit 1006, the hydrogen rich gas is generated as described above, and the hydrogen rich gas is supplied to the fuel cell of the power generation cell 1008. The generated electricity is stored in the secondary battery of the power supply unit 1012.

  FIG. 20 is a perspective view of an electronic device 1101 using the power generation unit 1001 as a power source. As shown in FIG. 20, the electronic device 1101 is a portable electronic device, particularly a notebook personal computer. The electronic device 1101 includes a lower housing 1104 having a built-in arithmetic processing circuit composed of a CPU, a RAM, a ROM, and other electronic components and having a keyboard 1102, and an upper housing 1108 having a liquid crystal display 1106. Prepare. The lower casing 1104 and the upper casing 1108 are hinge-coupled so that the upper casing 1108 can be folded with the liquid crystal display 1106 facing the keyboard 1102 with the upper casing 1108 overlapped with the lower casing 1104. . A mounting portion 1110 for mounting the power generation unit 1001 is recessed from the right side surface to the bottom surface of the lower housing 704. When the power generation unit 1001 is mounted on the mounting portion 710, the electronic device 701 operates by electricity of the power generation unit 1001. .

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the internal space of the heat insulation package 200 is a heat insulation space, the high temperature reaction unit 4 is separated from the low temperature reaction unit 6, and the distance from the high temperature reaction unit 4 to the low temperature reaction unit 6 is. Is the length of the connecting pipe 8. Therefore, the heat transfer path from the high temperature reaction section 4 to the low temperature reaction section 6 is limited to the connecting pipe 8, and the heat transfer to the low temperature reaction section 6 that does not require high temperature is limited. In particular, since the height and width of the connecting pipe 8 are smaller than the height and width of the high temperature reaction section 4 and the low temperature reaction section 6, heat conduction through the connecting pipe 8 is suppressed as much as possible. Therefore, the heat loss of the high temperature reaction part 4 can be suppressed, and the temperature increase of the low temperature reaction part 6 above the set temperature can be suppressed. That is, even when the high temperature reaction unit 4 and the low temperature reaction unit 6 are accommodated in one heat insulating package 200, a temperature difference can be generated between the high temperature reaction unit 4 and the low temperature reaction unit 6.

  When the high temperature reaction unit 4 and the low temperature reaction unit 6 are each heated to a predetermined appropriate temperature range, the appropriate temperature differs between the high temperature reaction unit 4 and the low temperature reaction unit 6. Also, the high temperature reaction part 4 expands more. Even if the difference in expansion between the high temperature reaction part 4 and the low temperature reaction part 6 acts as a stress on the connection pipe 8 and the connection pipe 8 is deformed, the connection pipe 8 is formed of a superelastic body. Therefore, if the high temperature reaction part 4 and the low temperature reaction part 6 stop the reaction process and are not heated, the stress due to thermal expansion disappears, and the connecting pipe 8 returns to its original shape. Therefore, even if the connecting pipe 8 is somewhat deformed, there is a restoring force, so that the fluid flowing through the connecting channel 162, the connecting channel 164, the connecting channel 166, and the connecting channel 168 does not leak. The connecting pipe 8 is preferably similar in thermal expansion coefficient to the high temperature reaction section 4 and the low temperature reaction section 6 formed of a metal material such as stainless steel (SUS304), and the connecting pipe 8 and the high temperature reaction section 4 It is preferable that the wax material that joins the low-temperature reaction part 6 also has a thermal expansion coefficient that approximates these metal materials. In particular, the connecting pipe 8 is smaller in height and width than the high-temperature reaction part 4 and the low-temperature reaction part 6 and stress tends to concentrate, but since the connecting pipe 8 is formed of a superelastic body, the connecting pipe 8 is subjected to stress. I can bear it.

  In the above embodiment, the lower surface of the connecting tube 8 is provided so as to be flush with the lower surface of the high temperature reaction unit 4 and the lower surface of the low temperature reaction unit 6. However, as shown in FIG. May be provided at the center in the height direction and the width direction of the high temperature reaction section 4 and the low temperature reaction section 6.

  In addition, for example, as shown in FIG. 22, four connection channels 262, 264, 266, and 268 may be arranged side by side to form the connection pipe 208, and the flow in the high temperature reaction unit 4 and the low temperature reaction unit 6 may be combined. You may change the path. The connection channels 262, 264, 266, and 268 correspond to the connection channels 162, 164, 166, and 168, respectively.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 23, a cylindrical connecting pipe 308 may be used, or as shown in FIG. 24, a triangular prism-like connecting pipe 408 may be used. The connection flow paths 362, 364, 366, and 368 in the connection pipe 308 correspond to the connection flow paths 162, 164, 166, and 168, respectively.

  In addition, as shown in FIGS. 23, 25, and 26, connection channels 362, 364, 366, 368, 562, 564, 566, 568, 662, 664, 666, 668 having a circular cross section may be formed. . Further, as shown in FIG. 24, polygonal connection channels 462, 464, 466, and 468 having a triangular cross section may be formed, and the channels in the high temperature reaction unit 4 and the low temperature reaction unit 6 may be changed. May be. The connection channels 462, 464, 466, and 468 correspond to the connection channels 162, 164, 166, and 168, respectively. The connection channels 562, 564, 566, and 568 correspond to the connection channels 162, 164, and 166, respectively. , 168.

  Further, in the above embodiment, the connection flow path is provided in one connection pipe. However, as shown in FIG. 27, these flow paths are provided as separate pipe materials 802, 804, 806, and 808, and combined. Thus, the flow paths in the high temperature reaction section 4 and the low temperature reaction section 6 may be changed. When the pipes 802, 804, 806, and 808 are subjected to a difference in displacement between the high temperature reaction part 4 and the low temperature reaction part 6 when they are installed between the high temperature reaction part 4 and the low temperature reaction part 6 with separate pipes separated from each other. Although it occurs, thermal stress can be absorbed by forming the pipe members 802, 804, 806, and 808 from a superelastic material. The pipe materials 802, 804, 806, and 808 correspond to the connecting flow paths 162, 164, 166, and 168, respectively.

It is a perspective view of the micro reactor module 1 shown diagonally from the top. It is a perspective view of the micro reactor module 1 shown from diagonally below. 1 is a side view of a microreactor module 1. FIG. It is a schematic side view at the time of dividing the micro reactor module 1 for every function. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a microreactor module 1. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the front surface, side surface, and upper surface which were seen from the high temperature reaction part 4 side of the connecting pipe 8. FIG. It is arrow sectional drawing of the surface along the cutting line VII-VII of FIG. It is arrow sectional drawing of the surface along the cutting line VIII-VIII of FIG. It is arrow sectional drawing of the surface along the cutting line IX-IX of FIG. It is arrow sectional drawing of the surface along the cutting line XX of FIG. It is arrow sectional drawing of the surface along the cutting line XI-XI of FIG. It is arrow sectional drawing of the surface along the cutting line XII-XII of FIG. It is arrow sectional drawing of the surface along the cutting line XIII-XIII of FIG. It is arrow sectional drawing of the surface along the cutting line XIV-XIV of FIG. It is drawing which showed the path | route from liquid fuel and water being supplied until the hydrogen rich gas which is a product is discharged | emitted. It is drawing which showed the path | route until a water etc. which are a product are discharged | emitted after a combustion air-fuel mixture is supplied. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a heat insulation package 200 of the microreactor module 1. FIG. It is a perspective view of the heat insulation package 200 shown from diagonally below. 3 is a perspective view of a power generation unit 601. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an electronic device 701. FIG. It is the perspective view shown from (a) slanting upper side of the micro reactor module 1, (b) Top view, (c) It is a side view. 6 is a perspective view showing a front surface, a side surface, and an upper surface of the connecting pipe 208 as viewed from the high temperature reaction section 4 side. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the front surface, side surface, and upper surface which were seen from the high temperature reaction part 4 side of the connection pipe | tube 308. FIG. It is the front view seen from the high temperature reaction part 4 side of the connecting pipe 408. FIG. It is the front view seen from the high temperature reaction part 4 side of the connecting pipe 508. FIG. It is the front view seen from the high temperature reaction part 4 side of the connecting pipe 608. FIG. It is the perspective view shown from (a) slanting upper side of the micro reactor module 1, (b) Top view, (c) It is a side view.

Explanation of symbols

4 High temperature reaction section 6 Low temperature reaction section 8 Connecting pipe

Claims (9)

A high-temperature reaction part that causes the reaction of the reactants;
A low-temperature reaction part that causes the reaction of the reactant at a lower temperature than the high-temperature reaction part; and
A connecting pipe formed between the high temperature reaction part and the low temperature reaction part, sending a reaction product or product between the high temperature reaction part and the low temperature reaction part, and formed of a superelastic material;
A reaction apparatus comprising: The reactant or product is hydrogen gas;
The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the connection pipe is nickel-plated or gold-plated.   3. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a height of the connecting pipe is lower than a height of the high temperature reaction part and a height of the low temperature reaction part.   The reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the connecting pipe is provided at a central portion in the width direction of each of the opposing surfaces.   The reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein there is only one connecting pipe.   The reaction apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the connection pipe is provided with a plurality of connection flow paths for sending reactants or products between the high temperature reaction section and the low temperature reaction section.   The reaction apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of connection channels are arranged along a width direction of the connection pipe.   The reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the plurality of connection channels are arranged in a lattice shape in a cross section along the width direction and the width direction of the connection pipe.   The reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the high-temperature reaction section and the low-temperature reaction section are formed of the same material.

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