JP2007080552A - Regeneration method of storage battery - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To electrically regenerate a storage battery during operation by floating charge in an on-line state. <P>SOLUTION: Charge current superimposed with floating charge current If from a charger 30, DC base current Ib from a regenerator 10, and square wave pulse current Ip is supplied to the storage battery B. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a storage battery regeneration processing method for electrically activating and regenerating a storage battery in operation by a floating charging method.

  In an important facility such as a power plant, a substation, or a communication facility, a storage battery used as an emergency power source in the event of a power outage is normally kept in a fully charged state by a floating charging method and is kept on standby (for example, Patent Document 1). 2).

On the other hand, it is known that storage batteries generally deteriorate with the passage of time, and the internal resistance increases and the discharge capacity decreases. For example, in a lead storage battery, there is a phenomenon in which a large crystal of PbSO ₄ precipitates on the electrode surface and grows, and the electrochemical activity of the electrode is lost, which is known as sulfation. Further, in an alkaline storage battery represented by a nickel cadmium battery, the crystal structure of Ni OOH on the anode surface collapses and becomes brittle, becomes amorphous and loses its activity.

Therefore, when the storage battery is deteriorated, it is necessary to prepare a temporary battery and temporarily replace it with the deteriorated storage battery. Since maintenance work for storage batteries requires at least several hours of work, prepare temporary batteries and prepare for power outages during work so as not to have an unexpected impact on the safety and reliability of power plants. It is necessary.
JP 2001-238368 A JP 2005-108543 A

  When using this conventional technology, maintenance work for deteriorated storage batteries involves preparing temporary batteries, and replacing and recovering with deteriorated storage batteries, which makes the series of operations complicated and requires a large number of man-hours. There was a problem of tending.

  Therefore, in view of the problems of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to simplify the work contents and reduce the required work man-hours by electrically regenerating the storage battery in operation in the online state by the floating charging method. An object of the present invention is to provide a storage battery regeneration processing method capable of achieving the above.

  In order to achieve the above object, the structure of the present invention is a storage battery in which a floating charging current is superimposed on a charging current superimposed on a DC base current and a square-wave pulse current from a regenerator by a floating charging method. The main point is to monitor the progress of the regeneration process of the storage battery based on the voltage data of each cell of the storage battery collected in time series.

  The rated current Io of the storage battery can be set to a floating charging current (1/10 to 1/8) Io, a base current (1/4 to 3/4) Io, and a pulse current (1 to 2) Io. The pulse frequency of the pulse current can be set to 2 to 10 kHz, the duty ratio can be set to 20 to 35%, and the base current and the pulse current are paused every 5 to 10 minutes during the charging period for supplying the base current and the pulse current. A period can be provided. However, as the rated capacity C (Ah) and time rate H (h) of the storage battery, the rated current Io = C / H (A).

  According to such a configuration of the invention, the storage battery remains in an on-line state of operation by the floating charging method, that is, while being connected to the charger or the load, the floating charging current from the charger, the base current from the regenerating device, and the pulse current By supplying a charging current that superimposes the above, it is possible to electrically regenerate quickly. This is because the storage battery is charged by the floating charging current from the charger and the DC base current, while the electrode surface can be effectively activated by the large pulse current. Therefore, there is no need to prepare a temporary battery, replace it with a storage battery, or restore it, so that the work content can be greatly simplified and the required number of work steps can be reduced. Moreover, this invention can be applied as it is to alkaline storage batteries such as nickel cadmium batteries as well as lead storage batteries.

  Note that the regeneration device may be connected in parallel to the storage battery, and the measurement control device for collecting the voltage data of each cell of the storage battery cycles the terminal voltage of each cell with the positive or negative polarity of the storage battery as a reference. It is possible to monitor the progress of the reproduction process by paying attention to the time change of the voltage of each cell after calculating the voltage of each cell by scanning. In other words, the voltage of each cell generally tends to recover more quickly and saturate to a constant value equivalent to full charge as the cell whose deterioration is progressing and the discharge capacity is small. After the cell voltage saturates to a certain value, for example, it is detected that a margin period of about 1 to 2 hours has passed, and it is considered that the reproduction process is completed, and the reproduction apparatus is automatically stopped.

  The floating charging current from the charger, the base current from the regenerator, and the pulse current are set appropriately based on the rated current Io of the storage battery. That is, by setting the floating charging current (1/10 to 1/8) Io, the base current (1/4 to 3/4) Io, and the pulse current (1 to 2) Io, good reproduction processing is realized. be able to. The floating charging current is set so as to compensate for the self-discharge of the storage battery. On the other hand, if the base current and the pulse current are too large, there is a risk of excessive heat generation of the storage battery during the regeneration process or damage to the electrode plate. If it is too small, the required regeneration process time becomes excessive. There is a fear. The pulse current is preferably set to a pulse frequency of 2 to 10 kHz and a duty ratio of 20 to 35%. However, these series of parameters for regeneration processing are experimentally determined to be optimum values depending on the type, capacity, and time rate of the storage battery.

  The reason why the suspension period is provided for each charging period of 5 to 10 minutes is that the storage battery generates heat during the charging period, so that heat is dissipated during the suspension period and an excessive temperature rise of the storage battery is avoided. Therefore, each time of the charging period and the suspension period may be set as appropriate depending on the type and capacity of the storage battery. During the rest period, only the base current and pulse current from the playback device are rested, and the floating charge current from the charger continuously applies a constant current to the storage battery regardless of the charge period or rest period. Continue to supply. The rest period is preferably set to about 0.5 to 2 minutes.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  The storage battery regeneration processing method is implemented by combining the regeneration device 10 and the measurement control device 20 with the storage battery B in an on-line state with respect to the storage battery B operating by the floating charging method (FIG. 1).

  The storage battery B is floatingly charged via the charger 30. The charger 30 includes a transformer TR connected to the AC power supply AC via the breaker BR1, a phase control type rectifier circuit 31 connected to the secondary side of the transformer TR, and a smoothing circuit 32. The output side of the charger 30 is connected to the storage battery B via the breaker BR2, and further connected to the load L via the voltage compensator 40 and the breaker BR3. Therefore, the charger 30 can always supply the floating charging current If to the storage battery B and supply the load current Il to the load L. The voltage compensator 40 compensates for excessive fluctuations in the DC voltage supplied to the load L, and may be installed as necessary. That is, in FIG. 1, the series of circuits including the charger 30, the storage battery B, and the voltage compensation device 40 is an emergency power supply facility for continuously operating the load L by the storage battery B even when the AC power supply AC is lost. Is configured.

  When the storage battery B is deteriorated or concerned, the regeneration device 10 and the measurement control device 20 are used to electrically regenerate the storage battery B while floating charging. The reproducing apparatus 10 is connected to the AC power source AC via the breaker BRa and connected in parallel to the storage battery B via the breaker BRb. Further, the measurement control device 20 detects the terminal voltage Vi of each cell of the storage battery B, and the output of the measurement control device 20 is input to the reproduction device 10 as the control signal Sc. Note that the playback device 10 and the measurement control device 20 may be configured as hardware-integrated devices regardless of FIG.

  The reproducing apparatus 10 is composed mainly of a microcomputer 11, a DC power supply circuit 12, and a switching element SW1 (FIG. 2).

  The DC power supply circuit 12 is connected to an AC power supply AC through a breaker BRa. Further, the output side of the DC power supply circuit 12 is connected to the storage battery B through an external breaker BRb in addition to the backflow preventing diode D, the switching element SW1, and the current detector 13. The gate signal S1 from the microcomputer 11 is input to the gate of the switching element SW1, and the switching element SW1 can control the energization of the DC current from the DC power supply circuit 12 in accordance with the gate signal S1. However, as the switching element SW1, any semiconductor switching element such as FET, GTO, IGBT, bidirectional thyristor can be used in addition to the illustrated transistor. The current detector 13 may be a low resistance for current detection in addition to a DC current transformer (DCCT), and its output is fed back to the microcomputer 11 as a current signal S2. A control signal Sc from the measurement control device 20 is introduced into the microcomputer 11.

  The microcomputer 11 sends a gate signal S1 to the switching element SW1 and appropriately controls the energization of the switching element SW1, so that the direct current base current Ib is supplied to the storage battery B for each charging period T1 across the pause period T2. And a square-wave pulse current Ip can be superimposed and supplied (FIG. 3). However, in FIG. 3, the floating charging current If from the charger 30 is also shown. Therefore, the storage battery B is supplied with the charging current Ic = If + Ib + Ip during the charging period T1, and the rest period T2. , Charging current Ic = If is supplied. Note that the magnitude of the base current Ib, the magnitude of the pulse current Ip, the pulse frequency, and the duty ratio are set in advance in the microcomputer 11 through a setting unit (not shown) together with the charging period T1 and the suspension period T2. Further, the microcomputer 11 can appropriately feedback control the base current Ib and the pulse current Ip supplied via the switching element SW1 by inputting the current signal S2.

  The measurement control device 20 includes a control unit 21, a display 22, and a scanner circuit 23 (FIG. 4). The control unit 21 is a microcomputer and includes data collection means 21a and determination means 21b configured by software. The display 22 connected to the control unit 21 includes a lamp Pi (i = 1, 2,... N) corresponding to each cell Bi (i = 1, 2,... N) of the storage battery B. The circuit 23 includes an AD converter 23a. However, n is the number of cells Bi included in the storage battery B. A control signal Sc is output from the control unit 21 to the reproducing apparatus 10.

  The positive and negative terminals of the storage battery B are individually connected to the scanner circuit 23 together with the positive terminal of each cell Bi. The scanner circuit 23 is connected to the control unit 21 in both directions. Accordingly, the scanner circuit 23 periodically scans the terminal voltage Vi (i = 1, 2,... N) of each cell Bi with respect to the negative electrode side of the storage battery B as the control unit 21 starts, and passes through the AD converter 23a. After being converted into digital data, it can be sent to the control unit 21 (FIG. 5). However, the horizontal axis of FIG. 5 is the cell number i of each cell Bi.

  Based on the terminal voltage Vi of each cell Bi from the scanner circuit 23, the control unit 21 uses Vb1 = V1, Vbi = Vi-Vi-1 (i) as the voltage Vbi (i = 1, 2,... N) of each cell Bi. = 2, 3,... N), the data of the voltage Vbi of each cell Bi can be collected in time series. The scanner circuit 23 includes a plurality of AD converters 23a, 23a... And operates them in parallel, thereby improving the overall operation speed. Alternatively, the scanner circuit 23 may continuously scan the terminal voltage Vi a plurality of times for each scanning operation, and send the average value to the control unit 21. Further, instead of measuring the terminal voltage Vi of each cell Bi with reference to the negative electrode of the storage battery B as shown in FIG. 4, the scanner circuit 23 calculates the terminal voltage Vi of each cell Bi with reference to the positive electrode of the storage battery B. You may measure.

  When the measurement control device 20 is started via a start switch (not shown), the control unit 21 of the measurement control device 20 sends a start command to the reproduction device 10 via the control signal Sc. Therefore, the reproducing apparatus 10 operates according to the program flowchart of FIG. 6, and the measurement control apparatus 20 can also start the operation according to the program flowchart of FIG.

  In FIG. 6, the program first supplies a DC base current Ib and a square-wave pulse current Ip to the storage battery B, and starts the charging operation of the storage battery B (program step (1) in FIG. 6). 1)). After that, the program continues the charging operation until a predetermined charging period T1 elapses (2), stops the base current Ib and the pulse current Ip, stops the charging operation (3), and performs a predetermined resting period T2. Wait for progress (4). Thereafter, the program repeats the same operation repeatedly ((5), (1), (2)... (5)) unless there is a stop command from the measurement control device 20 (5). Further, when a stop command is generated from the measurement control device 20 (5), the operation is terminated. Therefore, the regenerating apparatus 10 supplies the storage battery B with the charging current Ic = If + Ib + Ip during the charging period T1 and the charging current Ic = If during the suspension period T2 together with the floating charging current If from the charger 30 (FIG. 3) The storage battery B can be electrically regenerated.

  Based on the terminal voltage Vi of each cell Bi of the storage battery B acquired through the scanner circuit 23, the measurement control device 20 pays attention to the voltage Vbi of each cell Bi during each charging period T1, and proceeds with the regeneration process of the storage battery B. Monitor (FIG. 7).

  In FIG. 7, when the program obtains the voltage Vbi of each cell Bi during the charging period T1 (program step (1) in FIG. 7, hereinafter simply expressed as (1)), the voltage Vbi is constant corresponding to full charge. The presence or absence of a cell Bi saturated in value is checked (2), and the lamp Pi corresponding to the cell Bi saturated in voltage Vbi is turned on on the display 22 (3). Subsequently, the program checks whether or not the voltage Vbi is saturated to a constant value for all the cells Bi (4), and if it is not achieved, the preset maximum time for the reproduction process has not elapsed. (5) After confirming that no manual stop command is generated by a stop switch (not shown) (6), the same operation is repeated ((6), (1), (2)... (6)).

  On the other hand, when the program detects that the voltage Vbi is saturated to a constant value for all the cells Bi (4), the same operation is repeated for a predetermined margin period T3 ((8), (1)). , (2)... (4), (8)), and when the margin period T3 elapses (8), a stop command is sent to the playback apparatus 10 via the control signal Sc (9), and the process ends. In addition, even if the voltage Vbi is not saturated to a constant value for all the cells Bi (4), the program has reached the maximum time for regeneration processing (5), or when a manual stop command is issued (6). Then, a stop command is sent to the playback device 10 (9), and the process is terminated. In addition, the reproducing | regenerating apparatus 10 stops an operation | movement by the stop command from the measurement control apparatus 20, and completes the reproduction | regeneration process of the storage battery B (program step (5) of FIG. 6).

  As described above, when the regenerating apparatus 10 electrically regenerates the storage battery B in operation by the floating charging method, an example of the time change of the voltage Vbi of any cell Bi during the charging period T1 of the storage battery B is shown in FIG. Shown in However, the horizontal axis of FIG. 8 is the reproduction processing time T, and the curves (1) and (2) correspond to the case where the deterioration of the cell Bi is proceeding and the case where it is not proceeding, respectively. In FIG. 8, the voltage Vbi of the cell Bi is saturated to a substantially constant value at the point A. Therefore, when it is detected that the voltage Vbi is saturated for all the cells Bi (program step (4) in FIG. 7), the reproduction process is continued for a margin period T3 of about 1 to 2 hours. Is completed (program steps (8) and (9) in FIG. 7, point B in FIG. 8).

  In the program step (1) of FIG. 7, the voltage Vbi of each cell Bi may use an instantaneous value at an arbitrary point in each charging period T1, and the average value of the voltage Vbi in each charging period T1 is used. May be used. In general, since the voltage Vbi of each cell Bi is greatly reduced during the idle period T2 as compared with the value during the charging period T1, the program of FIG. 7 is charged only by observing the fluctuation of the voltage Vbi. The period T1 and the pause period T2 can be accurately determined. Therefore, the measurement control device 20 only needs to be operated independently from the operation of the playback device 10, and does not need to be synchronized with the operation of the playback device 10. .

  Incidentally, the voltage Vbi of each cell Bi tends to saturate quickly to a constant value as the deterioration of the cell Bi progresses (curves (1) and (2) in FIG. 8). Therefore, if the margin period T3 is provided, the highly deteriorated cell Bi tends to be overcharged, but this is a process for ensuring the necessary regeneration processing time for the cell Bi. However, at this time, since the electrolytic solution may be electrolyzed and decreased, it is preferable to pay attention to the replenishment.

  4 and 7, the former data collection means 21a corresponds to the latter program step (1), and the former determination means 21b corresponds to the latter program steps (2) to (9). is doing.

  In the above description, a step of checking the temperature of the storage battery B may be additionally inserted in series with the program steps (5) and (6) of FIG. By attaching a temperature sensor to the storage battery B and inputting and monitoring the output of the temperature sensor to the measurement control device 20, the regeneration process can be automatically interrupted when the temperature of the storage battery B is excessive.

  In FIG. 6, program steps (2) to (4) may be deleted. At this time, the regenerative device 10 continuously supplies the charging current Ic = If + Ib + Ip to the storage battery B and regenerates the storage battery B unless there is a stop command from the measurement control device 20 without providing the suspension period T2. can do.

Overall block diagram Main block diagram (1) Operation diagram (1) Main block diagram (2) Operation diagram (2) Program flow chart (1) Program flow chart (2) Operation diagram (3)

Explanation of symbols

B: Storage battery Bi (i = 1, 2,... N) ... Cell Vbi (i = 1, 2,... N) ... Voltage If ... Floating charging current Ib ... Base current Ip ... Pulse current Ic ... Charging current T1 ... Charging period T2 ... Pause period 10 ... reproducing device 20 ... measurement control device 30 ... charger

Patent Applicant Takeshi Nishida
Attorney Tadaaki Matsuda, Attorney

Claims (4)

  Each of the storage batteries collected in time series by supplying a charging current that superimposes the floating charging current from the charger, the DC base current from the regenerator, and the pulse current of the square wave to the operating battery by the floating charging method. A method for regenerating a storage battery, wherein the progress of the regeneration process for the storage battery is monitored based on voltage data of the cell.   The rated current Io of the storage battery is set to a floating charging current (1/10 to 1/8) Io, a base current (1/4 to 3/4) Io, and a pulse current (1 to 2) Io. The storage battery regeneration processing method according to claim 1.   3. A storage battery regeneration processing method according to claim 1, wherein the pulse frequency of the pulse current is set to 2 to 10 kHz and the duty ratio is set to 20 to 35%. The regeneration of the storage battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a rest period for suspending the base current and the pulse current is provided for every charging period of 5 to 10 minutes for supplying the base current and the pulse current. Processing method.

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