JP2007070864A - Venting structure of building - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a venting structure of a building in which dew condensation is hard to occur on the indoor side faces of an interior material in winter by a simple structure, dew condensation is hard to occur inside an outer wall during air conditioning in summer, and ventilation in an underfloor space is performed. <P>SOLUTION: A ventilation space 2 is formed in the outer wall 1, and a moisture permeable part 3 formed of a moisture permeable material is formed at the portion of the outer wall 1 on the indoor side more than the ventilation space 2. An inlet 4 for the ventilation space 2 is formed at the lower end of the wall 1, and an outlet 5 for the ventilation space 2 is formed at the upper end. An external communication part 7 communicating with an outdoor space 6 and an underfloor space communication part 9 communicating with an underfloor space 8 are communicated with the inlet 4 at the lower end of the outer wall 1. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a ventilation structure of a building.

  Conventionally, an outer wall in which a heat insulating material is internally provided, a breathable sheet is stacked on the outdoor side of the heat insulating material, and a ventilation space is formed between the breathable sheet and the exterior material is known from Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and the like. ing. The outer wall having the ventilation space is provided with an inlet at the lower end portion for allowing outdoor air to flow into the ventilation space and an outlet at the upper end portion for discharging the air of the ventilation space to the outside. Moisture is allowed to escape to the ventilation space, and the moisture is discharged to the outside by ventilating the inside of the ventilation space. In this way, when the room is heated in winter by providing a ventilation space on the outer wall and exhausting the indoor humidity through the ventilation space to lower the room humidity (reducing the amount of water vapor), Even if the temperature of the surface on the indoor side of the interior material of the outer wall decreases due to the temperature difference between the temperature in the space and the temperature in the room, condensation is unlikely to occur in this part.

  By providing a ventilation space in the outer wall in this way, the humidity in the room is reduced in winter so that condensation is unlikely to occur on the interior side surface of the interior material. However, the temperature inside the ventilation space becomes hot and humid, causing a large temperature difference near the interior material, and the air inside the high temperature and humidity wall has a large temperature difference. Since the temperature drops near the outdoor side of the interior material, condensation occurs in this part. In fact, no measures have been taken against the condensation that occurs in the walls during the summer.

In addition, condensation is less likely to occur as the temperature difference between the temperature in the ventilation space and the temperature in the indoor space is smaller, and condensation tends to occur as the temperature difference is larger. In the conventional example in which only air flows into the ventilation space, the temperature difference between the temperature in the ventilation space and the temperature in the room becomes large. Therefore, the indoor humidity is lowered by ventilating the ventilation space as described above. However, it is not possible to sufficiently prevent the occurrence of condensation, and even if the humidity is reduced to reduce the amount of water vapor, the interior side surface of the interior material is lowered to a temperature at which the reduced amount of water vapor reaches the saturation temperature. Eventually condensation will occur.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-13708 JP 2001-3467 A

  The present invention has been invented in view of the above-described conventional problems, and it is possible to prevent condensation from occurring on the indoor side surface of the interior material in winter with a simple configuration, and in the outer wall during cooling in summer. An object of the present invention is to provide a ventilation structure for a building that can prevent condensation from occurring and can also ventilate an underfloor space at the same time.

  In order to solve the above problems, a ventilation structure for a building according to the present invention is provided with a ventilation space 2 inside the outer wall 1 and a moisture permeable portion formed of a moisture permeable material in a portion on the indoor side of the ventilation wall 2 of the outer wall 1. 3, an inlet 4 of the ventilation space 2 is provided at the lower end portion of the outer wall 1, and an outlet 5 of the ventilation space 2 is provided at the upper end portion, so that the inlet 4 at the lower end portion of the outer wall 1 communicates with the outdoor space 6. The underfloor space communicating portion 9 communicating with the external communicating portion 7 and the underfloor space 8 is communicated with each other.

  By raising the air in the ventilation space 2 and exhausting it from the outlet 5 to the outdoor space 6, moisture in the indoor space 10 is released from the ventilation space 2 to the outside through the moisture permeable portion 3 of the outer wall 1 and the humidity of the indoor space 10 is reduced. It is possible to reduce (decrease the amount of water vapor) and prevent the occurrence of condensation on the interior side surface of the interior material of the outer wall 1 during heating in winter. In addition, the air rises in the ventilation space 2 and is exhausted from the outlet 5 to the outdoor space 6, so that outside air in the outdoor space 6 flows into the ventilation space 2 from the external communication portion 7 through the inlet 4 and the underfloor space 8. The underfloor air in the interior flows into the vent space 2 from the underfloor space communication portion 9 through the inlet 4 of the vent space 2, and the air rising in the vent space 2 is a mixture of outdoor air and underfloor air. It becomes air. Therefore, in summer, mixed air having a relatively low temperature in which high-temperature outdoor air and low-temperature underfloor air are mixed flows through the ventilation space 2, and the ventilation space 2 when the indoor space 10 is cooled in summer. The temperature difference between the internal temperature and the temperature of the indoor space 10 can be reduced, so that condensation is less likely to occur inside the outer wall 1 during cooling of the indoor space 10 in summer. In winter, a relatively warm mixed air mixture of low temperature outdoor air and high temperature underfloor air flows through the ventilation space 2, and the ventilation space 2 when the indoor space 10 is heated in winter. The temperature difference between the inside temperature and the temperature of the indoor space 10 can be reduced, so that condensation is less likely to occur on the indoor side surface of the interior material of the outer wall 1 when the indoor space 10 is heated in winter. Moreover, when the inside of the outer wall 1 is ventilated with a simple configuration, the underfloor space 8 can be ventilated at the same time.

  In the present invention, as described above, the external communication portion communicating with the outdoor space and the underfloor space communication portion communicating with the underfloor space are respectively communicated with the entrance of the lower end portion of the outer wall. The temperature difference between the temperature in the ventilation space and the temperature in the ventilation space can be made as small as possible to reduce the temperature difference between the temperature in the ventilation space and the temperature in the indoor space. In addition, it is possible to ventilate the underfloor space at the same time.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

  A ventilation space 2 is formed inside the outer wall 1 of the building. FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show an example of an outer wall 1 in which a first floor outer wall and a second floor outer wall are vertically connected in a two-story building. That is, the outer wall of the first floor and the outer wall of the second floor are both configured by the outer wall panel 11, and the outer wall panel 11 of the first floor is built between the foundation 12 and the floor beam 13 and the floor beam 13 and the roof beam 27. The outer wall panel 11 on the second floor is built in between, and the outer wall 1 of the two-story building is configured by covering the outdoor side of the floor beam 13 with the curtain plate 14.

  Here, the outer wall panels 11 on the first floor and the second floor have the same structure, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, and a heat insulating board 16 is attached to the indoor side surface of the panel frame 15. . The heat insulating board 16 has a heat insulating property, and further, a material having moisture permeability, such as an insulation board, is used.

  The panel frame 15 is filled with a fiber-based heat insulating material 18 such as rock wool or glass wool, and the fiber-based heat insulating material 18 can ventilate a gap between the fibers. An inner side plate material 19 such as a kenaf board having moisture permeability is attached to the surface on the outdoor side of the panel frame 15 to press down the fiber-based heat insulating material 18. A crosspiece 20 is attached to the outdoor side of the inner plate 19 and an exterior member 21 is attached to the outer surface of the crosspiece 20 (the exterior member 21 is passed through the crosspiece 20 and the inner plate 19 by a fixing tool. To the panel frame 15). A ventilation space 2a is formed between the inner plate material 19 and the exterior material 21, and the ventilation space 2a is closed by a horizontal crosspiece 20 so that the inside communicates vertically and opens to the outside vertically. For this reason, the horizontal crosspiece 20 is provided with a ventilation notch 38, or the length of the horizontal crosspiece 20 is made shorter than the interval between the vertical crosspieces 20. Or the crosspiece 20 facing sideways is made discontinuous.

  The outer wall panel 11 having the above structure is formed in advance at a factory and then transported to the work site for construction. The outer wall panel 11 on the first floor is fitted with a fitting groove 24 provided on the lower surface of the lower horizontal frame member of the panel frame 15 at the upper end of the vertical piece of the base hardware 23 mounted on the foundation 12 and the upper horizontal frame member of the panel frame 15. The mounting bracket 25 provided on the upper surface portion of the floor beam 13 is erected by being attached to the lower end portion of the floor beam 13. Further, the outer wall panel 11 on the second floor is fitted with a fitting groove 24 provided on the lower surface of the lower horizontal frame member of the panel frame 15 at the upper end portion of the vertical piece of the panel bracket 26 attached to the upper end portion of the floor beam 13 and the panel. The mounting bracket 25 provided on the upper surface of the upper horizontal frame member of the frame 15 is erected by being attached to the lower end of the roof beam 27.

  At the site, an interior base board 17 having moisture permeability such as gypsum board is attached to the indoor side surface of the heat insulation board 16 of the outer wall panel 11 (the interior base board 17 is previously installed in the room of the heat insulation board 16 at the factory. It may be fixed to the inner surface and may be part of the outer wall panel 11). A moisture-permeable interior material (not shown) is attached to the interior side surface of the interior base board 17.

  On the outdoor side of the floor beam 13, a fiber-based floor beam heat insulating material 18a such as rock wool or glass wool is provided. Further, an inner plate material 19a for the floor beam is arranged on the outer surface side of the floor beam heat insulating material 18a. The lower and upper end portions of the floor beam inner plate 19a are fixed to the receiving bar 22a fixed to the upper surface of the panel frame 15 of the lower outer wall panel 11 and the lower surface of the panel frame 15 of the upper outer wall panel 11. It is fixed to the outer surface of the receiving bar 22b. Further, a curtain plate 14 is disposed on the outdoor side of the floor beam inner plate material 19a disposed on the outdoor side of the floor beam 13 via the floor beam heat insulating material 18a, via a ventilation space 2b. The lower end portion and the upper end portion of the plate 14 are fixed to the horizontal beam 20 at the upper end of the lower outer wall panel 11 and the horizontal beam 20 at the lower end of the upper outer wall panel 11. The ventilation space 2b communicates with the ventilation space 2a in the outer wall panel 11 on the first floor, and the ventilation space 2a in the outer wall panel 11 on the second floor, and the ventilation space 2a, the ventilation space 2b, and the ventilation space 2a communicating with the upper and lower sides. Thus, a ventilation space 2 is formed in the outer wall 1.

  Here, in the present embodiment, the moisture-permeable inner plate 19 of the outer wall panel 11, the fiber-based heat insulating material 18 that can ventilate between fibers, A moisture permeable portion 3 that allows moisture permeation between the ventilation space 2 and the indoor space 10 is configured by the moisture insulating board 16, the moisture permeable interior base board 17, and the moisture permeable interior material.

  The inlet 4 of the ventilation space 2 is provided at the lower end of the ventilation space 2 provided on the outer wall 1, and the outlet 5 of the ventilation space 2 is provided at the upper end. In the embodiment shown in the attached drawings, the lower end opening portion of the ventilation space 2a of the outer wall panel 11 on the first floor is the inlet 4, and the upper opening portion of the ventilation space 2a of the outer wall panel 11 of the second floor is the outlet 5. .

  An upper end portion of a base parting material 28 is fixed to the outer surface side of the horizontal crosspiece 20 below the outer wall panel 11 on the first floor. Cover the gap between the two. The base parting material 28 is provided with a hole or notch serving as the external communication part 7. In the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings, as shown in FIG. 3, the base parting material 28 faces the outdoor side surface of the foundation 12 provided at the lower end part of the base parting material 28. A hole is formed in the lower horizontal piece protruding so as to communicate with the outdoor space 6. The external communication portion 7 communicating with the outdoor space 6 is formed by the lower end surface of the outer wall panel 11 on the first floor and the foundation 12. It communicates with the inlet 4 of the ventilation space 2 through a gap 29 between the upper surface. In the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings, the base hardware 23 is mounted and fixed on the upper surface of the foundation 12 through a short mounting base 40 as shown in FIGS. A space between the mounting table 40 and the mounting table 40 along the floor serves as an underfloor space communication portion 9 that communicates with the underfloor space 8. It communicates with the inlet 4 of the ventilation space 2 through a gap 29 between the lower end surface of the base 12 and the upper surface of the foundation 12. Here, a ventilation part such as a hole or a notch in the vertical piece of the long base metal piece 23 may be provided as the underfloor space communication part 9. In this case, the mounting table 40 may not be provided. In addition, when the base hardware 23 is short, a clearance may be formed between the base hardware 23 and the base hardware 23 so that the clearance may be used as the underfloor space communication portion 9.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the outlet 5 of the ventilation space 2 provided at the upper end portion of the outer wall 1 communicates with the eaves ceiling back space 30, and the vent 32 provided in the eaves tip 31 connects the outdoor space 6 and the eaves ceiling back space 30. Communicate. Therefore, the outlet 5 of the ventilation space 2 communicates with the outdoor space 6 via the eaves ceiling back space 30 and the ventilation hole 32.

  In the figure, 33 is a floor panel on the first floor, and a floor heat insulating material 34 is provided on the lower surface side of the floor panel 33 on the first floor. In the figure, 35 is a ceiling material on the first floor, 36 is a floor panel on the second floor, and 37 is a ceiling material on the second floor.

  When the humidity of the indoor space 10 is high, the moisture in the room has a moisture permeable portion 3 (an interior material having moisture permeability, a heat insulating board 16 having moisture permeability, a fiber-based heat insulating material 18 having moisture permeability, moisture permeability). It moves in the ventilation space 2 through the inner plate material 19) and lowers the indoor humidity. Since the air in the ventilation space 2 rises in the ventilation space 2 and is discharged from the outlet 5 to the outdoor space 6 through the eaves ceiling back space 30 and the ventilation hole 32, moisture is also discharged outdoors. As described above, air containing moisture in the ventilation space 2 rises and is discharged to the outdoor space 6, whereby new air flows into the ventilation space 2 from the inlet 4 provided at the lower end of the ventilation space 2. To do. The newly introduced air rises including moisture moving from the room into the ventilation space 2 as described above, and is discharged from the outlet 5 to the outdoor space 6.

By reducing the humidity in the indoor space 10 in this way, the indoor humidity is reduced when the room is heated indoors in winter, and the interior side surface of the interior material that is the interior side surface of the outer wall 1 is reduced. With this, condensation is unlikely to occur. That is, in the winter season, the indoor space 10 has a higher temperature than the outdoor space 6, and therefore, the ventilation in the outer wall 1 into which the low-temperature air flows in the outdoor space 6 even if a heat insulating material is provided inside the outer wall. Due to the temperature difference between the space 2 and the indoor space 10 heated to a high temperature, the temperature of the indoor space 10 decreases in the interior material portion, and the temperature decrease on the surface of the interior side of the interior material is the water vapor in the indoor space 10. When the temperature drops to a temperature T ₀ at which the interior becomes saturated, dew condensation occurs on the interior side surface of the interior material. However, to reduce the humidity in the room by providing a ventilation space 2 as described above (to reduce the amount of water vapor) in Rukoto indoor side of the indoor side surface even interior material decreases to the temperature T ₀ in the interior materials In this case, the amount of water vapor in the room is not saturated, and therefore no condensation occurs at the temperature T ₀ .

  By providing the ventilation space 2 in this way, the indoor humidity is reduced to prevent condensation on the indoor surface of the interior material. However, if the indoor space 10 is cooled in summer, the ventilation space 2 There is no rapid temperature difference inside the fiber-based heat insulating material 18 and the interior base board 17 between the high-temperature ventilation space 2 and the indoor space 10 that has been cooled and cooled to a low temperature. A large temperature difference occurs at the interface between the heat insulating board 16 and the interior base board 17. On the other hand, since the ventilation space 2 and the indoor space 10 have a structure through which moisture can pass as described above, moisture is also present in the moisture-permeable heat insulating board 16 portion. Therefore, in the hot and humid summer, the high temperature and humidity air existing in the moisture permeable heat insulating board 16 part causes a large temperature difference at the interface part between the interior base board 17 and the heat insulating board 16, and the high temperature and high humidity air is generated. When cooled, the water vapor in the air becomes saturated and condensation occurs in this portion. In particular, the air in the outdoor space 6 is very hot and humid in the summer, and since this hot and humid air flows into the ventilation space 2, the temperature in the ventilation space 2 increases and the humidity also increases. Therefore, when the indoor space 10 is cooled, the temperature difference at the interface portion between the heat insulation board 16 and the interior base board 17 becomes large, and the hot and humid air existing inside the outer wall 1 in the summer is in the outer wall 1. It is inevitable that dew condensation occurs in the part where the temperature difference is large.

  However, in the present invention, as described above, the external communication portion 7 communicating with the outdoor space 6 and the underfloor space communication portion 9 communicating with the underfloor space 8 are communicated with the inlet 4 at the lower end portion of the outer wall 1. In the summer, the temperature in the ventilation space 2 is lowered, the temperature difference at the interface between the interior base board 17 and the heat insulation board 16 is reduced, and condensation occurs at the interface between the interior base board 17 and the heat insulation board 16. It is characterized by preventing it.

  That is, according to the present invention, as shown in the operation explanatory diagram shown in FIG. 1, when heated by the sunlight of the sun S in summer, an upward flow is generated in the ventilation space 2 of the outer wall 1, and the outlet at the upper end of the ventilation space 2 The air is exhausted through the route of 5 → ceiling ceiling space 30 → ventilation port 32 → outdoor space 6 and the above-described upward flow is generated, so that new air flows into the ventilation space 2 from the inlet 4 at the lower end of the ventilation space 2. . From this entrance 4, the outdoor space 6 → the external communication portion 7 of the foundation parting material 28 → the outdoor space that flows in the path 29 → the entrance 4 between the lower end surface of the outer wall panel 11 on the first floor and the upper surface of the foundation 12. 6 high-temperature air and low-temperature air in the under-floor space 8 flowing in the path of under-floor space 8 → under-floor space communication portion 9 → gap 29 → inlet 4 (low temperature compared to the outside temperature in summer) flows in. For this reason, in the summer, the ventilation space 2 in the outer wall 1 is mixed with high temperature and high humidity outdoor air and low temperature and relatively low humidity underfloor air, and only high temperature and high humidity outdoor air flows in. As compared with the above, the temperature in the ventilation space 2 is lowered, the temperature difference between the temperature in the ventilation space 2 and the indoor space 10 being cooled can be reduced, and the humidity in the outer wall 1 can also be reduced, thereby heat insulation. Board 16 and interior base By reducing the temperature difference in the interface between de 17, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of dew condensation inside of the outer wall 1 which definitive if you cool the indoor space 10 in summer.

  Further, in the winter season, low-temperature air in the outdoor space 6 and under-floor air in the under-floor space 8 (higher than the outside air temperature in winter) flow into the ventilation space 2 from the entrance 4. Compared with the case where only outdoor air flows in, the temperature in the ventilation space 2 becomes higher, and the temperature difference between the temperature in the ventilation space 2 and the indoor space 10 being heated can be reduced. In addition to the effect of preventing the occurrence of condensation on the indoor side surface of the interior material in winter by providing and reducing the humidity of the indoor space 10, the temperature in the ventilation space 2 and the temperature of the heating indoor space 10 By reducing the difference, it is possible to further prevent the occurrence of condensation on the interior side surface of the interior material in winter.

  In the present invention, not only the air in the outdoor space 6 but also the air in the underfloor space 8 flows into the ventilation space 2 as described above, so that the air in the underfloor space 8 can be ventilated simultaneously.

  In the above embodiment, the outer wall 1 in which the ventilation space 2 is formed is described as an example in which the outer wall on the first floor and the outer wall on the second floor are vertically connected. However, the outer wall 1 on the first floor is located above the outer wall 1 on the first floor. Of course, the present invention can be applied even when a roof or a balcony is formed.

It is a schematic operation explanatory view of the present invention. It is sectional drawing of an outer wall same as the above. It is an expanded sectional view of the lower part of an outer wall same as the above. It is a schematic sectional drawing of an outer wall panel same as the above. It is a disassembled perspective view of the outer wall panel for comprising an outer wall same as the above.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Outer wall 2 Ventilation space 3 Moisture permeable part 4 Inlet 5 Outlet 6 Outdoor space 7 External communication part 8 Underfloor space 9 Underfloor space communication part

Claims (1)

A ventilation space is provided inside the outer wall, a moisture permeable portion formed of a moisture permeable material is formed in a portion on the indoor side of the ventilation space of the outer wall, an inlet of the ventilation space is provided at the lower end portion of the outer wall, and ventilation is performed at the upper end portion. An air vent structure for a building, characterized in that an outlet of the space is provided, and an external communication portion communicating with an outdoor space and an underfloor space communication portion communicating with an underfloor space are respectively communicated with an entrance at a lower end portion of the outer wall.

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