JP2007063774A - Construction method for stone wall - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a construction method for a stone wall which can be applied to the repair of a conventional dry-masonry stone wall, and can enhance the earthquake resistance and durability of the dry-masonry stone wall. <P>SOLUTION: A first ladder-like member 6 is arranged in the foundation section of the stone wall, a columnar or cylindrical roller 7 is arranged on the ladder-like member 6 in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the ladder-like member 6, a second ladder-like member 8 is arranged on the roller 7 in such a manner as to be superposed on the ladder-like member 6, and a base stone 10 of the stone wall is arranged on the ladder-member 8. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an empty stone wall, particularly a stone wall such as a shrine and castle wall related to a cultural property building, and a stone wall construction method for preservation and repair of a city wall and a stone wall accompanying a stone bridge (glass bridge).

  Ishigaki has a long history, and already built a 4m stone chamber in the Kofun period, had a technique to break stones in the Nara period, and had a technique to build a high stone wall in the Kamakura period.

  This empty stone wall cuts the ground and the embankment, lays the ground and compacts it, spreads the sleepers, installs the root stone, solidifies the foundation, and then arranges the face stones in a row on top, It is a masonry structure that is piled up while adjusting the gradient with Chiang Kai-shek. As described above, the empty stone wall is leaning against the back ground and maintaining the balance, and thus has a disadvantage that it is weak against vibration, external force and ground cavity. More specifically, stone walls are squeezed or loosened due to earthquakes, floods, landslides, tree root intrusions, loosening or sinking of the foundation ground, etc., causing collapse.

  The foundation structure is important to prevent the stone wall from collapsing, that is, to improve earthquake resistance and durability. On the other hand, in the old days, especially in unstable ground such as the moat in the castle moat, the stone wall of the river bank, the breakwater on the coast and the stone wall of the dock, At the top of the mouth, ladder ladders made of pine logs in a ladder shape are fixed with wooden plugs, or pine logs are placed on top of each other and fixed with fixed piles to prevent uneven settlement. Then, the technique of compacting the foundation and setting the root stone was adopted.

  However, even with this technique, the earthquake resistance and durability of stone walls are not sufficient. These techniques were devised as secret techniques by stone craftsmen who have taken root in each region, and have been passed down from generation to generation. In the Meiji era, a castle was not needed, and the tradition and development of technology was stopped. Therefore, in modern times, the Shiroishi masonry method has become common, and anyone can build it while it is durable and capable of mass production. In addition, new construction of old empty stone walls may be prohibited due to regulations of the Building Standards Law, and although technical development related to general stone wall restoration etc. has been carried out (see Patent Documents 1 to 3) At present, technological development related to the restoration and construction of stone walls is not performed at all.

  On the other hand, the designated cultural property is exempt from the regulation of the Building Standards Law, but on the other hand, it is not allowed to use concrete to repair the stone wall. In other words, it is the duty of the person who preserves, restores and restores to faithfully reproduce the original model. Among them, new materials and new technologies are incorporated in the invisible areas to improve the earthquake resistance and durability of the stone wall. Is expected. And this leads to the revitalization of ancient masonry techniques and the investigation of secret techniques.

On the other hand, the concrete retaining wall, which is currently the mainstream instead of stone walls, is a large single wall, or a concrete block or knowledge block that has been kneaded by backfilling concrete, and in this way the gap The construction of revetments and offshore structures with no concrete retaining walls has hindered the breeding of river fish, especially because of the loss of fish dwellings. In order to restore the environment, the development of a revetment that protects the recycling ecosystem is required. For this purpose, the application of stone walls is effective.
JP 10-46610 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-46611 JP 2000-160579 A

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a stone wall that can be applied to the restoration of a conventional empty stone wall and can improve its earthquake resistance and durability.

  Another challenge is to revitalize ancient stone craft techniques that are about to be lost, to study and acquire the secret techniques, and to contribute to the development of successor skills that should be passed on to future generations.

  Yet another challenge is to disseminate revetments and offshore structures by stone walls, secure fish housing, etc., and restore the recycling ecosystem.

  As described above, the drawback of masonry structures is that they are vulnerable to vibration. Among them, empty stone walls are characterized by not bonding stone-to-stone joints, and are particularly vulnerable to vertical movement. The initial motion of the seismic wave is a vertical motion that pushes up from the bottom, and then a swell phenomenon occurs that rolls while floating in the air. As a result, deviation and loosening occur and it tends to collapse.

  Therefore, in the present invention, in order to improve the earthquake resistance and durability, a cushioning material is inserted between the foundation ground and the stone wall so that vibration caused by seismic waves or the like is not directly transmitted to the stone wall, and the movement is changed to a soft movement. To do. In other words, the stone wall construction method of the present invention is primarily characterized by its basic construction method. Specifically, the first ladder-like member is disposed on the foundation portion of the stone wall, and a cylindrical or columnar roller is disposed thereon. (Hereinafter simply referred to as “rollers”) is disposed in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first ladder-shaped member, and a second ladder-shaped member is disposed on the first ladder-shaped member. Place stone stone root stones on it. In this way, the roller disposed between the first ladder-like member and the second ladder-like member absorbs particularly strong vibration in the left-right direction, and the combination of the first and second ladder-like members. Absorbs vibration caused by earthquakes that sway up, down, left and right in a wavy manner.

  The first and second ladder-like members are formed by using logs such as pine having a diameter of about 100 mm to 300 mm with a large amount of oil or timber dropped from a drum, a corrosion-resistant steel rod having a diameter of about 40 mm to 200 mm, a steel pipe, or the like. Can do. Further, as the roller, a cylindrical wood having a diameter of about 150 mm to 300 mm, a corrosion-resistant steel rod or a steel pipe having a diameter of about 40 mm to 200 mm can be used.

  Next, in the present invention, it is possible to use a reinforcing method for preventing loosening and loosening due to hollowing of the stone wall. In general, cavitation occurs when groundwater or rainwater enters the back of the stone wall, and the water of the back and foundations is washed away by the water. Moreover, when the moisture in the soil becomes excessive due to heavy rain or the like, the fluidity of the soil increases, the earth pressure increases, and it becomes a force to crush the stone wall. Such hollowing and earth pressure make the balance of the stone wall unstable, causing jamming and loosening, leading to collapse.

  Accordingly, in the present invention, the hook anchor attached to the force stone constituting the stone wall and the hook anchor attached to the heel portion of the face stone of the stone wall are fastened with a fastening member, so that the stone wall is affected by a load such as earth pressure on the back surface. It is possible to suppress loosening. In addition, in order to more reliably suppress looseness and loosening, hook anchors are attached to both sides of the force stones that make up the stone wall, and one of the hook anchors and a lock anchor driven into the back soil layer of the stone wall are tied together, Further, the other hook anchor attached to the force stone and the hook anchor attached to the heel portion of the face stone of the stone wall are fastened with a fastening member.

  In this reinforcement method, it is preferable to use a force stone (natural stone) to which a hook anchor is attached having a diameter of about 300 mm to 1200 mm. Further, as the binding member, a corrosion-resistant wire or chain, a fiber grid, or the like can be used.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, in addition to the above-described reinforcing method using a binding member in order to prevent loosening and loosening due to hollowing of a stone wall, a reinforcing method using an adhesive can be used in combination. That is, in the present invention, the stone wall face stone and the Chiang Kai-shek stone can be interface-bonded with an adhesive.

  Here, Chiang Kai-shek stones stably restrain the gradient of stone walls and the movement of each face stone. When this Chiang Kai-Shek stone is displaced or detached, the stone wall loses stability and causes jamming and loosening. In this way, Chiang Kai-shek plays an important role next to face stones, and in order to prevent rocking and loosening due to the hollowing of the stone wall, and to improve the earthquake resistance and durability of the stone wall, It is important to prevent the mess of the Chiang Kai-shek from being hollowed out by rainwater and ground subsidence. Therefore, in the present invention, as described above, the reinforcing method of interfacially bonding the face stone and the Chiang Kai-shek stone with an adhesive can be used in combination. As a result, it is possible to prevent the Chiang Kai-Shek stone from loosening or falling off, and also to prevent the stone wall body from loosening due to a gap in the back cavity or back lining stone. In this reinforcing method, a rubber, elastic, or tough inorganic material can be used as the adhesive.

  According to the present invention, the earthquake resistance and durability of the stone wall can be significantly improved. Since the construction method of the present invention does not use concrete, it can be applied to the restoration and restoration of traditional empty stone walls in cultural heritage and the like. If stone walls are broken apart, they cannot be restored to their original shape. Even if the scale is the same as before, it is not a restoration but a restoration and its value is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to dismantle systematically and restore and repair before the risk is judged. The present invention is very useful for the restoration and restoration of such a valuable cultural heritage, and according to the present invention, the cultural heritage can be protected from earthquakes and floods, and a stone wall that does not collapse easily can be constructed and left for future generations.

  The present invention is also important for nurturing succession technicians who should revive ancient stone craft techniques, investigate and acquire their secret techniques, and pass on to future generations.

  In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to newly construct a high stone wall that does not easily collapse, and it is possible to construct a revetment or an offshore structure using the stone wall. Ishigaki revetments and marine structures provide abundant fish, and can recycle a recyclable ecosystem to obtain rich riverbanks.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows an overall image of a stone wall constructed according to the present invention, where (a) is a longitudinal sectional view and (b) is a transverse sectional view. FIG. 2 shows the basic triangle and bow gradient of the stone wall.

  When establishing a new high stone wall, of course, in accordance with the laws and regulations, drilling the ground and ground will be conducted, and in the results of the geological survey, the specifications for piles and back reinforcement according to the bearing capacity and back side earth pressure will be selected. As the vertical pile 5 to be used, when aiming at earthquake resistance, it is effective to use a pine pile having a high buffer function rather than a hard pile such as a concrete pile that directly conducts an instantaneous impact. However, pine piles can maintain durability when wet, but they cannot be expected in a dry place. Therefore, when building a stone wall in a dry place, a foundation is constructed using a tough material such as a steel pipe or steel bar.

  The basic triangle that forms the base of the stone wall is determined by the following procedure based on the lowest point of the foundation ground. First, as shown in FIG. 2, the height H of the stone wall is determined based on the bottom edge C, which is the lowest point. Hoshijiri C is a point where a later-described total quadrangle D and a slope line S intersect. In FIG. 1A, the lower end of the root stone 10 and the outer girder of the pillow ladder trunk 8 which is the second ladder-like member It is a contact point.

  Next, the total rectangle D, which is the length (depth) of the base, is determined by coefficient calculation by multiplying the height H. A point where the height H intersects with the total rectangle D is a right angle point B. In addition, the diagonal line connecting the apex A having the height H and the tail C is the slope line S. A line connecting the vertex A, the right-angled point B, and the right edge C is called a basic triangle.

  On the slope extension line Sa of the basic triangle, as will be described later, the vertical pile 5 → the outer girder of the main ladder 6 which is the first ladder member → the rollers 7 → the pillow ladder cylinder which is the second ladder member. The centers of all foundation structural members are located in the order of the outer girder of the wood 8 → the root stone 10. Further, the bow gradient Sb is determined by the number of steps of the rule L from the vertex A of the basic triangle to the shoulder N.

  After deciding the basic triangle in this way, work on the construction of the stone wall. First, in the stone wall construction method of the present invention, it is necessary to prepare the above-mentioned parent ladder trunk 6, the pillow ladder trunk 8, and the rollers 7 in advance.

  3A and 3B show the master ladder trunk 6 and the sleeper ladder trunk 8, wherein FIG. 3A is a plan view, FIG. 3B is a side view, and FIG. The main ladder trunk 6 and the sleeper ladder trunk 7 have the same configuration. In this embodiment, a piece of wood such as pine with a lot of oil is drummed down to have a uniform thickness, as shown in FIG. The outer girder 23, the inner girder 24, and the crosspiece 25 are joined together. At this time, as a method of joining the girders, when connecting directly above the vertical pile 5, the joint 28 is used, and when connecting halfway, the chasing plug joint 27 is used. In addition, the crosspiece 25 is connected to the outer girder 23 and the inner girder 24 by the umbilical cord plug stopper 26.

  4A and 4B show the roller 7, wherein FIG. 4A is a plan view and FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view. As shown in the figure, cylindrical wood is used as the roller 7 in this embodiment. The length of the roller 7 is approximately the same as the length in the short direction (the direction along the pier 25) of the master ladder 6 and the sleeper ladder 8 described above.

  When the master ladder 6, the pillow ladder 8, and the roller 7 are ready, the shape of the arched slope Sb is the same as the stone wall to be constructed and the same dimensions. Make a wide plate of wood and fix it with piles or piers. The ground 1 is cut 3 according to the tension, and the back 2 is formed by filling 2 where there is no soil, and the permeable sheet 4 is stretched. Cut the foundation to remove the humus layer and squeeze the ground.

  After that, as shown in FIG. 1 (a), the vertical pile 5 is driven into a specified position, and the kerf of the vertical pile 5 is cut in accordance with the mounting position of the main ladder shell 6, and the root-solidifying stone is formed around the root cutting portion. Fill with 9 and press to close, close to the top of Kiguchi.

  FIG. 5 shows the main part of the basic part constructed according to the present invention, where (a) is a front view and (b) is a cross-sectional view. As shown in the figure, the main ladder barrel 6 is placed on the top end of the vertical pile 5 and fixed with a large stopper 29, and the roller 7 is placed thereon in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the main ladder barrel 6 ( The ladder ladder body 8 is placed thereon, and the outer girder 23 and inner girder 24 of the parent ladder trunk 6 and the outer girder 23 and inner girder 24 of the pillow ladder body 8 are made corrosion-resistant. Fix loosely with bolts 30. As shown in FIG. 1 (a), the root stones 9 are firmly packed in the gaps around them.

  Then, the root stone 10 is installed on the central axis of the outer girder 23 of the pillow ladder trunk 8. The installation of the root stone 10 is the most important decisive factor in the construction of the stone wall. It is difficult to select the root stone, and the wider the ground contact surface between the lower end of the root stone and the outer girder 23 of the sleeper ladder shell 8, the narrower one is not stable. When the root stone 10 is installed, the lower end and the upper end are installed at an angle that coincides with the gradient line S shown in FIG. In addition, between the adjacent stones is fixed with a trunk stone 31 so as to prevent the heel of the root stone 10 from shifting laterally, and the back stone 15 is packed. This completes the foundation construction of the stone wall.

  When foundation construction is completed, stacking of face stones will be performed. First, the first step stone 11 is installed from the low ground, and the second and third steps and the stone 12 are sequentially stacked. At this time, the water thread when the first step stone 11 at the lowest position is installed becomes the second basic line and must pass through. Moreover, when installing the face stone 12, it installs in the angle which the upper end of the stone corresponds with the gradient line S shown in FIG. For this purpose, the angle is adjusted by bringing the Chiang Kai-shek 13 into the face stone butt, and the face stone moves by inserting the trunk stone 31 between the adjacent stones 12 as shown in FIG. Fix so that there is no. Then, the interface between the face stone 12 and the intermediary stone 13 and the interface between the face stone 12 in contact with the upper and lower sides are bonded with an adhesive 14. The back stone 15 is packed and tightened in units of steps where the face stone 12 has been installed. This is common to the installation work of all the face stones 12. In addition, since the upper part load is applied to the Chiang Kai-shek stone 13, the magnitude | size which can endure it is required.

  The location where the stone wall tends to collapse is generally said to be the third to sixth steps of the face stone 12 and the fifth to seventh parts of the total height, but there are other faults in the natural ground 1 Reinforcement of the position is indispensable. Therefore, the location to be reinforced is determined by the results of geological surveys.

  FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the reinforcing method in the present invention. The first reinforcement method shown in FIG. 6A is applied when the back soil layer is not as strong as the embankment 2, and in this reinforcement method, the stone 17 (natural stone) having a diameter of about 300 mm to 1200 mm is used. Hook anchors 19 are attached to both sides, and one of the hook anchors 19 is fastened to a lock anchor 18 driven into the back soil layer of the stone wall. Further, the other hook anchor 19 attached to the force stone 17 and the hook anchor 19 attached to the heel portion of the face stone 12 are fastened by a fastening member 20 such as an aramid fiber grid. A large back stone 15 is arranged between the face stone 12, the force stone 17, and the back soil layer fastened by the fastening member 20 to prevent loosening.

  The second reinforcing method shown in FIG. 6 (b) is applied when the back soil layer is solid and stable like the natural ground 1, and in this reinforcing method, a rock anchor driven into the back soil layer is used. Instead, the hook anchor 19 attached to the force stone 17 and the hook anchor 19 attached to the heel portion of the face stone 12 are simply fastened by the fastening member 20.

  The above-described reinforcement method is performed as necessary, and the last stone crest 16 is installed as shown in FIG. The construction of the stone wall is completed by covering with topsoil 22 after waterproofing.

  The present invention is applicable to both restoration and new construction of stone walls.

The whole image of the stone wall constructed | assembled by this invention is shown, (a) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view, (b) is a cross-sectional view. Shows the basic triangle and bow gradient of Ishigaki. The main ladder trunk and the sleeper ladder trunk used in the present invention are shown, in which (a) is a plan view, (b) is a side view, and (c) is a sectional view. The roller used for this invention is shown, (a) is a top view, (b) is sectional drawing. The principal part of the basic part constructed | assembled by this invention is shown, (a) is a front view, (b) is sectional drawing. It is explanatory drawing of the reinforcement construction method in this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ground mountain 2 Filling 3 Cut soil 4 Water-permeable sheet 5 Vertical pile 6 Parent ladder shell (1st ladder-like member)
7 Roller 8 Pillow ladder shell (second ladder member)
9 Root stones 10 Root stones 11 First stage face stones 12 Face stones 13 Chiang Kai-shek stones 14 Adhesives 15 Back stones 16 Ceiling stones 17 Rock stones 18 Rock anchors 19 Hook anchors 20 Tightening members 21 Sanwa strike 22 Topsoil 23 Outer girder 24 Inner girder 25 Crosspiece 26 Umbilical plug stopper 27 Chasing plug joint 28 True joint 29 Large stopper 30 Bolt 31 Trunk stone

Claims (4)

  A first ladder-like member is arranged on the foundation part of the stone wall, and a cylindrical or columnar roller is arranged on the first ladder-like member in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the first ladder-like member, and a second ladder-like member is arranged thereon. A method for constructing a stone wall including a step of placing a member on a first ladder-like member and placing a stone wall root stone thereon.   The method for constructing a stone wall according to claim 1, further comprising a step of fastening a hook anchor attached to a force stone constituting the stone wall and a hook anchor attached to a ridge portion of the face stone of the stone wall with a fastening member.   Hook anchors are attached to both sides of the force stones that make up the stone wall, one of the hook anchors and the lock anchor driven into the back soil layer of the stone wall are tightly connected, and the other hook anchor attached to the force stone and the stone wall The method for constructing a stone wall according to claim 1, comprising a step of fastening a hook anchor attached to a hook portion of the face stone with a fastening member.   The method for constructing a stone wall according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a step of interfacial adhesion of the stone wall face stone and the Chiang Kai-shek stone with an adhesive.

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