JP2007054723A - Crusher and crusher for work machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crusher and a crusher for a work machine for crushing a material to be crushed such as thinned wood, a branch of tree, standing timber and a stump into small pieces. <P>SOLUTION: The crusher for a work machine is provided which disposes a first hydraulic motor (11) at a top end of an arm (4) in the work machine (1), connects a rotation bracket (15) to the first hydraulic motor (11), connects to the rotation bracket (15) a second hydraulic motor (16) rotating around an axial center that is perpendicular to a rotation axial center of the first hydraulic motor (11), concentrically connects to the second hydraulic motor (16) a cylindrical crushing drum (20) having a plurality of cutting edges (22) on an outer peripheral portion, connects to the rotation bracket (15) a receiver (25) in a circular arc form surrounding part of the outer peripheral portion of the crushing drum (20), and disposes a moving device (17) for moving at least one of the crushing drum (20) and the receiver (25) in a direction of contact with or separation from each other. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

In addition to crushing thinned wood, pruned branches, etc., and crushing equipment that can crush thinned wood, pruned branches, etc. The present invention relates to a working machine crushing apparatus capable of crushing standing trees, stumps and the like.

As a conventional technique, a rotor having a large number of rotating blades is provided on the outer peripheral surface, a part of the outer periphery of the rotor is surrounded by an arc-shaped sieve screen, and an in-screen fixed blade is provided on the inner surface of the sieve screen, Fixed blades are provided at the entrance and exit of the gap between the sieve screen and the rotor, and a hopper for depositing crushed objects is provided above the rotor, and a motor for rotating the rotor is provided, and the rotor is driven by the motor. In some cases, the object to be crushed was crushed by rotating the hopper.

In addition, a clamp member that can be opened and closed by expansion and contraction of a cylinder is provided at the end of an arm of a working machine such as a hydraulic excavator, and a side cutter for cutting is provided on each side of the clamp member, There is a tip cutter for tearing logs etc. in the fiber direction at the tip, tearing objects to be crushed such as logs and stumps in the fiber direction with the tip cutter, and cutting this to a predetermined length with a side cutter. It was.
JP 2001-334160 A JP 7-237205 A

Since the thing of the said patent document 1 was made to crush a to-be-crushed object by making the space | interval of a rotor and a sieve screen constant, it could not crush a to-be-crushed object with a big diameter smoothly. Moreover, since a dedicated hopper is required above the rotor, the size is increased.

The thing of the said patent document 2 had to be crushed again into a small piece in a plant since the to-be-crushed object was roughly divided. For this reason, the processing of the material to be crushed requires a large amount of equipment as well as labor. An object of this invention is to obtain the crushing apparatus and the crushing apparatus for work machines which can process a to-be-crushed object rapidly on the spot.

The present invention is configured as follows to achieve the above object. That is, the invention according to claim 1 is provided with a crushing drum having a large number of blades on the outer peripheral surface of the drum main body, and an arc-shaped receiving body surrounding a part of the outer periphery of the crushing drum, and rotating the crushing drum. And a moving device for moving at least one of the crushing drum and the receiving body in the contact / separation direction with respect to the other.
In the invention according to claim 2, the crushing drum has a large number of prismatic blades arranged in a spiral on the outer periphery of the drum main body, and one corner of each blade is directed in the rotation direction.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the receptacle is formed in a lattice shape.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, as the configuration of the moving device, when the crushing drum is subjected to a high load, the movement of the crushing drum and the receiving body in the approaching direction is temporarily stopped, or the crushing drum and the receiving body. And at least one of them is temporarily moved in the separating direction with respect to the other.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a first hydraulic motor is provided at a distal end portion of an arm of a work machine, a rotary bracket is connected to the first hydraulic motor, and a rotary shaft center of the first hydraulic motor is connected to the rotary bracket. A second hydraulic motor rotating about an orthogonal axis is connected, a cylindrical crushing drum having a large number of blades on the outer peripheral surface is connected coaxially to the second hydraulic motor, and the crushing drum is connected to the rotating bracket. An arc-shaped receiving body that surrounds a part of the outer periphery is connected, and a moving device that moves at least one of the crushing drum and the receiving body toward and away from the other is provided.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, as a configuration of the hydraulic motor, cylinders whose outer ends in the radial direction are opened at an outer peripheral portion of the inner member are formed at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction, and each head has a hemispherical shape. The formed pistons are slidably fitted, and balls are rotatably provided on the heads of the pistons, and the balls can roll on the inner peripheral portion of the outer member surrounding the outer peripheral portion of the inner member. A corrugated cam surface is formed, and hydraulic oil is supplied to a ball-side cylinder facing one inclined surface of the corrugated cam surface, and the hydraulic oil of a ball-side cylinder facing the other inclined surface of the corrugated cam surface is recovered. A hydraulic circuit is provided.

In the invention according to claim 1 of the present application, the gap between the crushing drum and the receiving body can easily correspond to the size of the object to be crushed by operating the moving device. Then, the object to be crushed is interposed between the crushing drum and the receiving body, and when the crushing drum and the receiving body are moved in the approaching direction by the moving device while rotating the crushing drum by the motor, they are interposed between the two. The object to be crushed is crushed into small pieces. Thereby, a to-be-crushed object with a big diameter can be crushed smoothly.

In the invention according to claim 2, since the blades provided on the outer periphery of the crushing drum are arranged in a spiral shape with a prismatic shape and one corner of each blade is directed in the rotational direction, the bending rigidity of each blade is increased. Since one corner of each blade sequentially collides with the object to be crushed, the object to be crushed interposed between the crushing drum and the receiving body can be efficiently crushed into small pieces.

In the invention according to claim 3, since the receiving body is formed in a lattice shape, the object to be crushed becomes difficult to slip at the receiving body part, which facilitates crushing of the object to be crushed, and the crushed pieces are formed in a lattice shape. It will be discharged to the outside smoothly from the gap.

In the invention according to claim 4, when the crushing drum is subjected to a high load, the moving device temporarily stops the movement of the crushing drum and the receiving body in the approaching direction, or at least one of the crushing drum and the receiving body. Is temporarily moved in the separation direction with respect to the other, so that overloading of the second hydraulic motor for rotating the crushing drum can be prevented, wear and damage of the second hydraulic motor can be reduced, and Since the crushing drum does not stop during the crushing process, the material to be crushed can be efficiently crushed.

The invention according to claim 5 of the present application is to change the direction of the arm of the work machine and set the driving amount of the first hydraulic motor so that the direction of the crushing device is horizontal, vertical or inclined. It can be made to respond | correspond suitably. When the second hydraulic motor and the moving device are operated with the direction of the crushing device corresponding to the object to be crushed, the crushing drum is rotated and the crushing drum and the receiving body move in the approaching direction. The objects to be crushed are crushed into small pieces.

In the invention according to claim 6, when hydraulic oil is supplied from the hydraulic circuit to the ball-side cylinder chamber facing one inclined surface of the wave cam surface, the piston fitted to the cylinder is radially moved by the pressure of the hydraulic oil. The ball, which is moved outward and supported by the piston, pushes one slope of the wave cam surface to rotate the outer member in one direction. When the outer member rotates and the ball facing the other inclined surface of the wave cam surface is pressed in the axial direction by the inclined surface, the piston supporting the ball is moved in the axial direction, and the cylinder chamber is operated. Oil is discharged into the recovery path of the hydraulic circuit. Thereby, a large rotational torque can be obtained while reducing the dimension in the axial direction.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory side view showing an entire working machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view of a state in which the crushing device is turned sideways, and FIG. 4 is a side view of the receiving body of the crushing device, FIG. 5 is a plan view of FIG. 4, FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional side view of the crushing drum, FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the second hydraulic motor unit, and FIG. It is a fragmentary sectional view equivalent to the VIII-VIII line.

In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a work machine composed of a power shovel, a caterpillar 2 at a lower part, a boom 3 that is turned up and down by a first hydraulic cylinder 3 a at an upper part, It has an arm 4 that is turned up and down by a hydraulic cylinder 4a, and a cabin 5 for operating these.

A crushing device 10 is attached to the tip of the arm 4. The crushing apparatus 10 includes a first hydraulic motor 11, a second hydraulic motor 15, a crushing drum, and a receiving body as main parts. The first hydraulic motor 11 is attached to the tip of the arm 4 via a rotating bracket 12. That is, the pivot bracket 12 is pivotally connected to the tip of the arm 4 via a horizontal first fulcrum pin P1, and the first hydraulic motor 11 is connected to the pivot bracket 12 with the first fulcrum pin P1. Connect at right angles. The pivot bracket 12 is pivoted about the first fulcrum pin P1 by extending and contracting the third hydraulic cylinder 13 to shift the rotational axis of the first hydraulic motor 11 in the vertical direction.

The rotary bracket 15 (15a, 15b) is connected to the output side of the first hydraulic motor 11, and the receiving body 25 and the second hydraulic motor 16 are connected to the rotary bracket 15. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the first rotary bracket 15a is protruded and fixed to the left (front) on the output side of the first hydraulic motor 11, and the receiving body 25 is attached to the left end of the first rotary bracket 15a. Fix it. Further, a second rotating bracket 15b is rotatably attached to the first rotating bracket 15a via a second fulcrum pin P2 orthogonal to the rotation axis of the first hydraulic motor 11, and the second rotating bracket 15b is attached to the second rotating bracket 15b. The two hydraulic motors 16 are connected so as to be orthogonal to the rotational axis of the first hydraulic motor 11.

A cylindrical crushing drum 20 is coaxially connected to the output side of the second hydraulic motor 16. As shown in FIG. 6, the crushing drum 20 is formed with a plurality of spiral grooves 21a on the outer periphery of a cylindrical drum main body 21, and short prismatic blades 22 are placed in the spiral grooves 21a at a predetermined interval. Stand up and fix. In this case, the spiral groove 21a is a square groove, and the spiral angle is set so that one corner of each blade 22 faces the rotation direction. As shown in FIG. 2, the second rotating bracket 15b is rotated around the second fulcrum pin P2 by operating the fourth hydraulic cylinder (moving device) 17 to extend and contract, and the crushing drum 20 is received as described below. The body 25 is moved toward and away from the body 25.

The receiving body 25 is formed in an arc shape and surrounds a part of the outer periphery of the crushing drum 20. That is, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, five vertical ribs 26 (26a to 26e) whose front portions are arcuate in a side view extending in the tangential direction are arranged at predetermined intervals in the lateral (width) direction. A large number of elongated rectangular cross bars 27 are crossed on the inner surface of the vertical ribs 26 and arranged at predetermined intervals in the vertical (front-rear) direction, and are fitted in grooves formed on the inner surfaces of the vertical ribs 26. The two are fixed together by welding.

Among the vertical ribs 26 (26a to 26e), the upper two vertical ribs 26a and 26b in FIG. 5 are extended rearward to form the first rotary bracket 15a described above. Reference numeral 15 c denotes a bearing into which the second fulcrum pin P <b> 2 is fitted, and reference numeral 15 d denotes an attachment plate for attachment to the first hydraulic motor 11. Then, by rotating the first hydraulic motor 11 described above, the rotational axes of the second hydraulic motor 16 and the crushing drum 20 are shifted in the horizontal and vertical directions with respect to the ground.

The first hydraulic motor 11 and the second hydraulic motor 16 have substantially the same structure, and these are rotated by the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic device installed in the main body of the work machine 1. Of these, the second hydraulic motor 16 will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, reference numeral 30 denotes a hydraulic motor, which mainly includes an inner member 31 and an outer member 37 that is fitted and rotated on the outer peripheral side of the inner member 31. The inner member 31 is connected to the second rotating bracket 15b described above, and the outer member 37 is connected to the crushing drum 20 described above.

The inner member 31 is as follows. That is, a set of two cylinders 32 whose outer ends in the radial direction are radially formed at equal pitches at eight outer peripheral portions of a short cylindrical block, and the heads are formed in hemispherical surfaces in the cylinders 32. The piston 33 is slidably fitted. Each piston 33 is pressed and urged radially outward by a pressing spring (reference numeral omitted) accommodated in each cylinder 32. A ball 34 is placed on the head of each piston 33 so as to be able to rotate. The ball 34 has a diameter that fits slidably in close contact with the inner surface of the cylinder 32. A check valve 35 that allows oil to flow only from the inside of the cylinder 32 toward the ball 34 is attached to the center of the bottom of the head of each piston 33.

The outer member 37 is formed in a short cylindrical shape, surrounds the outer peripheral portion of the inner member 31, and is rotatably supported by a cylindrical holder 38 via a bearing 39 on the outer peripheral side thereof. A corrugated cam surface 40 on which the balls 34 on the inner member 31 side can roll is formed on the inner peripheral portion of the outer member 37. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, 10 circular arc cam surfaces 40a having a radius slightly larger than the diameter of the ball 34 are formed at equal pitches in the circumferential direction, and the circular arc cam surfaces 40a are formed with small circular arc surfaces. Connect smoothly.

The core shaft 41 and the cylindrical distributor 43 fitted to the outer periphery of the core shaft 41 are passed through the shaft center portion of the inner member 31 described above, and the core shaft 41 is integrally connected to the inner member 31 side. A communication passage 42 is formed through the shaft portion so that cooling water can be supplied into the crushing drum 20 from the outside through the communication passage 42. The distributor 43 is integrally connected to the outer member 37 side.

A hydraulic circuit 45 is formed between the inner member 31 and the distributor 43, and the outer member 37 is rotated in one direction by the hydraulic circuit 45. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, an oil hole 46 extending from the bottom of each cylinder 32 to the outer periphery of the distributor 43 is formed on the outer member 37 side, and the supply path connected to the pumping hose 47 of the hydraulic device on the outer periphery of the distributor 23. 48 and collection paths 50 connected to the return hose 49 of the hydraulic device are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. In this case, the supply path 48 communicates with the oil hole 46 of the cylinder 32 having the ball 34a when the predetermined ball 34a faces one inclined surface 40b of the arc cam surface 40a. The collection path 50 is arranged so as to communicate with the oil hole 46 of the cylinder 32 having the ball 34b when the predetermined ball 34b faces the other inclined surface 40c of the arc cam surface 40a.

The second hydraulic motor 16 (or the first hydraulic motor 11) is supplied to the hydraulic circuit 45 via the distributor 43 when the hydraulic oil is supplied from the hydraulic device installed in the main body of the work machine 1. The supplied hydraulic fluid flows into the cylinder chamber on the side of the ball 34a facing one inclined surface 40b of the circular arc cam surface 40a, and the piston 33 fitted to the cylinder is moved outward in the radial direction. The supported ball 34a pushes one inclined surface 40b of the arc cam surface 40a to rotate the outer member 37 in one direction. Further, when the outer member 37 rotates and the ball 34b facing the other inclined surface 40c of the arc cam surface 40a is pressed in the axial direction by the inclined surface 40c, the piston 33 supporting the ball 34b is moved in the axial direction. As a result, the hydraulic oil in the cylinder chamber is discharged to the recovery path 50 of the hydraulic circuit 45. As a result, the outer member 37, and thus the crushing drum 20, is rotated with a large torque while reducing the axial dimension.

Next, a usage mode of the work machine 1 will be described. First, when the material to be crushed, such as thinned timber and cut tree branches, is crushed by the crushing device 10, the first hydraulic cylinder 3a to the third hydraulic cylinder 13 and the first hydraulic motor 11 are operated to crush. As shown by posture A in FIG. 1, the apparatus 10 is positioned horizontally near the ground. In this state, the fourth cylinder 17 is shortened and the crushing drum 20 is opened as shown by the phantom line in FIG. 2, that is, separated upward from the receiving body 25, and the object to be crushed is put into the receiving body 25. To do.

Next, the second hydraulic motor 16 is activated to rotate the crushing drum 20 counterclockwise in FIG. 1, while the fourth cylinder 17 is extended to move the crushing drum 20 in the closing direction, that is, in the direction of the receiving body 25. Let Then, the blade 22 of the crushing drum 20 comes into contact with the object to be crushed in the receiving body 25, and this is crushed into small pieces. Further, the crushed crushed material is discharged to the outside through the gap between the vertical rib 26 and the horizontal rail 27 of the receiving body 25. Note that. Depending on the type of the object to be crushed, the gap between the crushing drum 20 with respect to the receiving body 25 is fixed in advance, and the object to be crushed is sequentially put into the crushing apparatus 10 while rotating the crushing drum 20 in this state. It may be.

Next, when crushing objects to be crushed, such as standing trees and stumps standing up from the ground, the fourth cylinder 17 is shortened to open the crushing drum 20, and then the first hydraulic cylinders 3a to 3 are operated. The hydraulic cylinder 13 and the first hydraulic motor 11 are operated, the crushing device 10 is directed up and down as shown by postures B and C in FIG. 1, and the object to be crushed is sandwiched between the receiving body 25 and the crushing drum 20.

Next, the second hydraulic motor 16 is activated to rotate the crushing drum 20, and the fourth cylinder 17 is extended to move the crushing drum 20 in the closing direction, that is, in the direction of the receiving body 25. Then, the blade 22 of the crushing drum 20 comes into contact with the object to be crushed and is crushed into small pieces. Further, the crushed crushed material is discharged to the outside through the gap between the vertical rib 26 and the horizontal rail 27 of the receiving body 25. In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, when the object to be crushed W is a tree standing on the ground or a standing tree, the object is crushed while moving the crushing device 10 sequentially downward from the upper side of the object to be crushed W. To do.

When the load on the crushing drum 20 exceeds a predetermined value, that is, an allowable rotational torque of the second hydraulic motor 16, the fourth hydraulic cylinder 17 is a hydraulic sensor (not shown) installed in the hydraulic oil passage of the fourth hydraulic cylinder 17. ) Is detected, and the extension operation of the fourth cylinder 17 is temporarily stopped or temporarily shortened by the control unit that controls the hydraulic pressure, so that the crushing process is performed during the crushing process. The drum 20 is stopped and the crushing drum 20 is prevented from being overloaded.

It is a side view for explanation which shows the whole working machine which shows the example of the present invention. It is a side view of the state which made the crushing device sideways. It is a side view of the state which made the crusher vertical. It is a side view of the receiving body of a crushing apparatus. FIG. 5 is a plan view of FIG. 4. It is a partial cross section side view of a crushing drum. It is sectional drawing of a 2nd hydraulic motor part. It is a fragmentary sectional view equivalent to the VIII-VIII line of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Work implement 2 Caterpillar 3 Boom 3a 1st hydraulic cylinder 4 Arm 4a 2nd hydraulic cylinder 5 Cabin 10 Crushing device 11 1st hydraulic motor 12 Rotating bracket 13 3rd hydraulic cylinder 15 Rotating bracket 15a 1st rotating bracket 15b 2nd rotation Bracket 16 Second hydraulic motor 17 Fourth hydraulic cylinder (moving device)
20 Crushing drum 21 Drum main body 22 Blade 25 Receptacle 26 (26a to 26e) Vertical rib 27 Horizontal rail 30 Second hydraulic motor 31 Inner member 32 Cylinder 33 Piston 34 Ball 35 Check valve 37 Outer member (output member)
38 Holder 39 Bearing 40 Waveform cam surface 40a Arc cam surface 40b One slope 40c The other slope 41 Core shaft 42 Communication path 43 Distributor 45 Hydraulic circuit 46 Oil hole 47 Pressure feed hose 48 Supply path 49 Return hose 50 Recovery path P1 First fulcrum Pin P2 Second fulcrum pin W Object to be crushed

Claims (6)

A crushing drum having a large number of blades on the outer peripheral surface of the drum main body, an arc-shaped receiving body surrounding a part of the outer periphery of the crushing drum, a motor for rotating the crushing drum, the crushing drum and the receiving body And a moving device for moving at least one of them in the contact / separation direction with respect to the other. 2. The crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the crushing drum has a large number of prismatic blades arranged in a spiral on the outer peripheral surface of the drum main body, and one corner of each blade is directed in the rotation direction. The crushing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the receiving body has a lattice shape. The moving device temporarily stops the movement of the crushing drum and the receiving body in the approaching direction when the crushing drum becomes a high load, or at least one of the crushing drum and the receiving body with respect to the other. The crushing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the crushing apparatus is temporarily moved in a separation direction. A first hydraulic motor is provided at the tip of the arm of the work machine, and a rotary bracket is connected to the first hydraulic motor, and the rotary bracket rotates about an axis perpendicular to the rotation axis of the first hydraulic motor. A cylindrical crushing drum having a plurality of blades on the outer peripheral surface thereof is connected to the second hydraulic motor coaxially, and the rotary bracket surrounds a part of the outer circumference of the crushing drum. A crusher for a working machine, characterized in that an arc-shaped receiver is connected, and a moving device is provided for moving at least one of the crushing drum and the receiver in the contact / separation direction relative to the other. The hydraulic motor has cylinders with radially outer ends opened at the outer periphery of the inner member at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction, and a slidably fitted piston with a hemispherical head on each cylinder. And a corrugated cam surface on which the ball can roll on the inner peripheral portion of the outer member surrounding the outer peripheral portion of the inner member. A hydraulic circuit is provided for supplying hydraulic oil to a ball side cylinder facing one of the inclined surfaces of the ball and for collecting hydraulic oil in the ball side cylinder facing the other inclined surface of the wave cam surface. Item 6. The working machine crushing apparatus according to Item 5.

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