JP2007044679A - Deodorizing device and deodorization control method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method which enables an efficient use of the capacity of adsorbents by reducing unsaturation of adsorbents remaining when the adsorbents are replaced at a breakpoint of a deodorizing device using adsorbents. <P>SOLUTION: In a deodorizing device consisting of a two-stage adsorption tower, a first adsorption tower and a second adsorption tower are installed respectively in the inlet side and outlet side of the deodorizing device. A blower is started by an elapsed time indicator. When reaching a breakpoint Tb, the device is automatically stopped by the elapsed time indicator, the first adsorption tower is detached and discarded, the second adsorption tower is detached and attached to the inlet side, and a third adsorption tower packed with new adsorbents is set in the outlet side. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a deodorizing apparatus and a deodorizing management method using an integrating time meter and an adsorbent in order to manage malodor prevention.

The bad odor prevention law from 1967 has been implemented as a regulatory measure for odor emission companies, but the consciousness of residents has changed to odors. A new concept was introduced.
In accordance with the odor environment guidelines, the regulatory standards and the odor environmental target step targets were formulated from the environmental air discomfort to comfort.
The regulation standards for the first stage were revised by the Odor Control Act of 2000 by the regulation of specific malodorous substance concentration regulations and odor index regulations. Among the 22 kinds of malodorous substances, the “rotten smell” like the garbage of 6 kinds of malodorous substances is the most problematic, and it is considered that “everyone is unpleasant and should be excluded”. In particular, the odor-causing substances of fixed sources due to the business activities of odor dischargers are sometimes subject to individual complaints from residents, and odor emission is regulated.
However, regulatory measures for the general environment are not being actively implemented. To the last, the odor environment target for the purpose of preserving the general environment is important, and the odor quantitative target of a better level than the regulatory standard is aimed at.
The second stage odor environment target is considered to be “a state in which unpleasant odor is reduced” as the most important odor quantitative target.
The odor sensation cannot be captured simply by measuring the odor quantitative target with the instrument. Comprehensive judgment is made by the intersection of memory and information as well as odor sensation, resulting in a large difference in individual experience.
In order to set the odor quantitative target, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between the “amount” of odor and the “response” of the residents, and to set a numerical target based on the “quantity-response relationship”. Yes.
Although odor quantitative targets have been examined through actual surveys, at present, the knowledge of dose-response relationships has not yet been accumulated.
In the vicinity of fixed sources such as odor emission business operators, since no method has been established, the quantity-response relationship has not been clarified.
As a result of the relationship between the “response” of local residents due to the sense of odor and the “quantity” of the odor discharger, a complaint will arise if the odor grows, and administrative regulatory measures will be required.
In other words, regulatory standards and odor environmental targets have been established, but no management technology method has been established to understand odor quantitative targets.
The management technology method requires two methods of deodorization and deodorization, and eradication of the source of bad odor is the most important as a deodorization device, but it is difficult to eliminate odors, so a deodorization device is absolutely necessary .
The present invention relates to a deodorizing apparatus and an odor quantitative management method.

Against this background, odor emission companies want to reduce deodorization expenses and reduce the quantitative target value, but cannot determine the validity of the quantity-response relationship and cannot confirm the odor quantitative target value.
The following five issues have been set for the deodorizer and odor quantitative management method as issues that odor emission business operators have always regarded as problems.
(B) The odor quantitative target cannot be confirmed.
It is difficult for odor emission business operators to determine the validity of the quantity-response relationship with residents. This is because it is desired to reduce deodorizing expenses and reduce the amount of adsorbent.
(B) The deodorization performance guarantee cannot be clarified.
It is not possible to clarify that the deodorizing device maintains the predetermined deodorizing effect, that the deodorization target value or odor quantitative target value has been achieved, and that the deodorization performance guarantee is confirmed. Does not want to spend as much on the deodorizing equipment as possible.
(C) I do not want to spend the concentration measurement cost.
Concentration measurements vary in instantaneous values, making it difficult to determine average values. The concentration measurement cost of the deodorizer is high, so it is not necessary to spend it. If the concentration is low, there is no problem of bad odor complaints, so it is not desirable to measure the concentration as much as possible.
(D) Deodorization management method (or odor quantitative management method) is not specified.
The degree of execution of the deodorization management method varies, and the standard management method is not specified, so even if odor leakage occurs, it cannot be taken care of.
(E) There is a need for a method for reducing the amount of adsorbent.
The most important way to reduce the cost is to reduce the amount of adsorbent, but there is often an unreasonable amount of adsorbent because there is no cheap and effective deodorizing method.

In order to confirm the odor quantitative target, it can be considered that the validity becomes clear if the amount of adsorption reaching the breakthrough point can be confirmed.
For this purpose, an automatic alarm or an illustration or a stop is made when the breakthrough time Tb and the end point time Te are reached by an integrating hour meter to clarify the joint management and visually deodorize ( Or the odor determination) management method.
Ie;
(A) For the odor gas to be passed to the deodorizer, calculate the air volume G, the wind speed U, the passage area A of the adsorption tower, select several known malodorous substances, and measure the inlet concentration Co. Can set the malodorous substance amount Q,
(B) For various adsorbents, the amount of malodorous substance Q reaching saturation can be set to the adsorbent adsorption amount W by the equilibrium adsorption rate q and the adsorbent filling density γ,
(C) If the adsorbent set amount Ws is set according to the size of the deodorizing device, the breakthrough time Tb at which the outlet concentration C starts to come out, and the end point time Te at which the outlet concentration C becomes equal to the inlet concentration Co can be set.
(D) The deodorizer is provided with an adsorption tower, a blower and an integrating hour meter. The blower is started or stopped by the integrating hour meter, and the odor gas is passed from the blower to the adsorption tower. An inlet concentration Co is provided, and the odor gas air volume G, wind speed U, temperature t, and humidity D are set in advance.
(E) When the odor gas is actually operated in the deodorizing device, an automatic alarm or illustration or stop is made when the breakthrough time Tb and the end point time Te are reached by an integrating time meter.

Depending on the selected regulation standard, the deodorization performance guarantee can be clarified with respect to the breakthrough time Tb and the end point time Te which are the minimum quantitative targets.
Ie;
(A) The inlet concentration C is not measured with respect to the odor gas to be passed to the deodorizer.
(B) Select several known malodorous substances according to legal regulations.
(C) The regulation concentration Ci corresponding to the odor intensity in the administrative area of the legal regulation standard is designed in advance.
(D) Select an adsorbent and design the adsorbent's equilibrium adsorption rate q and adsorption amount W.
(E) The adsorbent set amount Ws, air volume G, wind speed U, temperature t, and the like are designed according to the operating capacity of the deodorizing apparatus.
(F) The exchange period of the breakthrough time Tb and the end point time Te is set according to the adsorbent set amount Ws.
(G) The deodorizing apparatus is actually operated, and an automatic alarm or illustration or stop is made with respect to the breakthrough time Tb and the end point time Te by an integrating time meter.
(H) The odor leakage time Tm is confirmed with respect to the breakthrough time Tb and the end point time Te.

The continuous adsorption state of the deodorizing apparatus is illustrated as a cell diagram, and the continuous state between the breakthrough point and the end point can be confirmed. In addition, since it is possible to easily detect a notice of odor and to confirm the notice, it can be used as a visual management method.
Ie;
(A) In the deodorizer, a square cell diagram in the upper and lower stages is shown. The cell diagram shows the condition of the adsorbent packed bed length Z [m], the capacity of the adsorbent adsorbed amount W [kg], the outlet and inlet concentrations. You can display methods such as ratio ratio.
(B) The adsorption cell diagram is combined on the saturation cell diagram, a triangle is provided as the adsorption band adsorption amount Wa in the adsorption cell diagram, and the saturation band adsorption amount Wo is provided in the saturation cell diagram.
(C) The breakthrough point b is represented when the top of the triangle matches the upper side of the adsorption cell diagram, and the end point time is represented when the bottom of the triangle matches the upper side of the adsorption cell diagram.
(D) In the case of continuous adsorption states, the triangle is moved upward in the cell diagram obtained by combining the saturated cell diagram and the adsorption cell diagram.

When the adsorbent is replaced when the deodorizer reaches the breakthrough time, the adsorbent has an unsaturated amount, so a two-stage adsorption tower deodorizer is provided as a method that can efficiently use the adsorbent capacity. To do.
Ie;
(A) The deodorizing apparatus is provided with an adsorption tower, a blower, and an integrating hour meter, and the first adsorption tower is constructed in two stages on the inlet side and the second adsorption tower is constructed on the outlet side.
(B) The blower is started by the integration time meter, the odor gas is passed to the inlet side of the adsorption tower, and when the breakthrough time Tb is reached, the integration time meter automatically alarms or displays or stops. To configure
(C) Remove and discard the first adsorption tower, replace the second adsorption tower on the inlet side, and install the third adsorption tower containing the new adsorbent on the outlet side.

With respect to the above five problems, the following effects of the invention will be described using the deodorizing apparatus and the odor quantitative management method.
(B) Visual management of odors using an integrated time meter If an integrated time meter is used to provide indicator lights such as a blue light at the start point, a breakthrough point, a yellow light at the warning point, an end point, and a red light at the stop point, Clearly visual management becomes easier and benefits increase.
It is normal to forget the date for adsorbent replacement. Even if you start to notice odor leaks, it is difficult to rush and replace them.
Therefore, if the indicator lamp is turned on, odor leakage can be predicted, and the odor can always be visually managed during the operation time.
(B) Deodorization performance guarantee based on regulated concentration If 6 kinds of malodorous substances, regulated concentration and adsorbent are used as standard, and the air volume and wind speed are determined for the deodorizer, the concentration should be below the legally-restricted concentration limit without measuring the inlet concentration. Can do.
That is, if the odor leakage is less than the odor intensity 2.5 (a weak odor perception threshold) based on the outlet concentration at the end point time, the concentration can be reduced below the legally restricted concentration limit.
Therefore, a simple social odor quantitative management method can greatly reform the policy of a large social environment level as a legal deodorization guarantee, so that the benefit effect is great.
(C) “Regulated concentration management method” by quantitative classification
If the odor leakage time occurs before the breakthrough point, it seems that the number of special malodorous substances centered on the six kinds of malodorous substances will increase. Therefore, a special quantification is made so that the concentration is actually measured and replaced at the breakthrough point. set a goal. Therefore, special malodorous substances can be eradicated and a large amount of adsorption must be corrected. Replacing the breakthrough time eliminates the odor leakage time and eliminates the problem of validity.
In addition, since the odor discharge business often has a low-concentration odor environment, the odor leakage time after the breakthrough time does not often occur.
Since the general quantitative target can be easily confirmed, there is no need to pay the cost of experimenting with the concentration measurement, and the profit effect is great.
Moreover, even if it is a low concentration individual odor discharge | emission company, if the low concentration of a local group stagnates, since it will become high concentration, concentration control will become difficult.
Therefore, if the “regulated concentration management method” of the present invention is applied to individual odor emission business operators, the local population can be improved, and the social benefit is effective as a long-term average management method for low-concentration odor environments. .
(D) Visual management method by illustration If the situation is drawn by automatic display of the cell diagram method, the situation can be recognized momentarily between the breakthrough point and the end point, ensuring odor leakage time. I can grasp it.
In addition, once the general or corrective quantitative target can be confirmed, the frequency of the cell diagram method can be reduced, so the benefit of implementing visual management is great.
(E) Half replacement method replacement service When replacing the adsorbent amount at the breakthrough time, the replacement method (100% replacement) is used every year, and 200% is replaced every two years. Yes.
In contrast, according to the present invention, the upper and lower units are replaced every 50 months by a half replacement method (50% replacement), so 150% is replaced every 2 years, so the weight is reduced by 50% every 2 years and a big profit is obtained. appear. The exchange service of the half replacement method requires only half the labor, and thus has high efficiency and great benefits.

The present invention is constituted by two methods, a deodorizing apparatus (1) and an odor quantitative management method.
In the deodorizing device (1), the breakthrough time Tb, the end point time Te, the odor leakage time Tm, and the like are set by the integrating hour meter (5). The odor quantitative management method is a method of correcting the breakthrough time Tb and the end point time Te by evaluating the odor intensity of odor leakage, and confirming the deodorization performance guarantee as the odor quantitative target of the adsorption amount.
FIG. 1 shows an adsorption breakthrough curve diagram.
The adsorption breakthrough curve diagram is used as a known deodorization method by the adsorbent design method.
The adsorbent design method can be explained by an adsorption breakthrough curve diagram of the deodorizing apparatus (1).
The breakthrough curve will be described. The odor operating time T is set on the horizontal axis, the breakthrough time Tb is set at the start time To, the breakthrough point b, and the end point time Te is set at the end point e.
In addition, the vertical axis indicates the inlet concentration Co at the lower portion and the outlet concentration C at the upper portion, and the concentration midpoint time Tn is set at the concentration midpoint n where C / Co = 0.5.
When malodorous gas is allowed to flow through the deodorizing apparatus (1), malodorous substances are adsorbed into the adsorbent (3), and when the amount of adsorption is reached, the concentration flows out and draws a breakthrough curve for a certain time. The breakthrough curve has a fixed shape regardless of the adsorbent packed bed length Z, and if the type of malodorous substance or adsorbent is simplified, the breakthrough curve is approximately an inclined line.

FIG. 2 shows an adsorption tower mechanism diagram of the deodorization apparatus.
The phenomenon of FIG. 2 will be described corresponding to the symbols (ε) to (e) of the adsorption breakthrough curve diagram of FIG.
In the code (ε), when the malodorous gas having the inlet concentration Co is passed from the lower surface of the adsorption tower (2), the adsorbent packed bed length Z is gradually saturated from the lower part to the upper part. After a certain period of time, it consists of a saturated zone length Zo, an adsorption zone length Za, and an unsaturated zone length Zε.
In the signs (b) and (n), the adsorption band length Za reaches the upper surface of the adsorbent packed bed length Z, and the outlet concentration C starts to increase rapidly. Let that position be the breakthrough point b.
In the code (e), when the breakthrough point b is exceeded, the adsorbent packed layer length Z disappears as the adsorbed band length Za moves upward, reaches the saturated band length Zo, and the adsorbent packed layer length Z The amount of adsorbed becomes equilibrium and becomes the end point e.
As a known method as described above, the deodorization apparatus is to investigate and select (1) malodorous substances, (2) measure the concentration of malodorous substances of the odor emission company, and (3) select an adsorbent, 4) The breakthrough curve can be set constant, and 5) the exchange period of breakthrough time Tb and end point time Te can be set by the adsorbent set amount Ws.

The principle of breakthrough time Tb and end point time Te will be described with reference to the adsorption breakthrough curve diagram of FIG. 1 and the adsorption tower mechanism diagram of FIG.
By devising the band ratio α between the adsorption band length Za and the saturation band length Zo, and the adsorption amount saturation rate β between the adsorption band length Za and the saturation band length Zo, the adsorbent set amount Ws is set, The point time Tb and the end point time Te can be set.
(A) The band ratio α can be set with respect to the adsorption band length Za.
The adsorbent packed bed length Z is the sum of the saturation band length Zo and the adsorption band length Za.
Z = Zo + Za [m / year]
Further, the adsorbent adsorption amount W [kg / year] is set by the adsorbent filling density γ [kg / m ³ ], the passing cross-sectional area A [m ² ], and the adsorbent packed bed length Z.
W = Z × A × γ [kg / year]
By measuring the inlet concentration Co, various selected malodorous substance amounts Q can be set.
Moreover, various malodorous substance amounts Q reaching saturation with respect to various adsorbents can be measured as the equilibrium adsorption rate q, and the saturation zone length Zo can be set.
Zo = Q / q × γ × A [m / year]
Further, the adsorption band length Za can set the band ratio α of the saturation band length Zo by experiment. Za = Zo × α [m / year]
(B) The adsorption amount saturation rate β can be set for the adsorption band length Za.
The adsorbent adsorption amount W is the sum of the saturation band adsorption amount Wo and the adsorption band adsorption amount Wa. The adsorption band adsorption amount Wa has a gap with respect to the saturation band adsorption amount Wo, and an adsorption amount saturation rate β occurs.
W = Wo + Wa [kg / year]
Wo = Zo × A × γ,
Wa = Za × A × γ × β = Zo × α × A × γ × β = Wo × αβ
Ｂ Wb = Wo (1 + αβ) [kg / year]
We = Wo (1 + α) [kg / year]
(C) When the adsorbent set amount Ws [kg] is set, the breakthrough point time Tb and the end point time Te can be set.
Tb = Ws / Wb = 1 [year]
Ws = Wb = Wo (1 + αβ)
Te = We / Ws = Wo (1 + α) / Wo (1 + αβ)
= (1 + α) / (1 + αβ)
Actually, since α = 1.0 and β = 0.5, Tb = 1 and Te = 1.33 [year].

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the deodorizing apparatus, and FIG. 4 is a partial detailed view of an integrating hour meter and the like.
According to the present invention, the total time meter (5) of the deodorizing apparatus can be set by displaying, starting, or stopping the breakthrough time Tb and the end point time Te.
Usually, when the entrance / exit of the garbage storage device is opened, the odor is released to the outside, and therefore, the inlet / outlet portion of the waste storage device is connected to the suction port (16) of the deodorization device (1).
An upper lid (18) and an exhaust port (19) are provided on the upper part of the apparatus main body (17). A lower lid (20) is provided at the lower part of the apparatus body (17), and a blower (blower with motor) (4) and a suction port (16) are provided at the lower part of the lower lid (20).
A control panel (21), a display board (22), and an integrating hour meter (5) are provided outside the center of the apparatus body (17).
A power switch (23), a start switch (24), a warning switch (25), and a stop switch (26) are provided on the control panel (21). Name the five indicator lamps on the display board (22), and provide blue, yellow, and red lamps for each.
The start light (blue light) (27), warning light (yellow light) (28), and stop light (red light) (29) are manually operated. The breakthrough lamp (yellow lamp) (30) and the end lamp (red lamp) (31) are automatically operated. Further, a cell diagram indicator lamp (32) indicating the continuous state of the adsorption amount is provided on the integrating hour meter (5).
One or a plurality of adsorption towers (2) are detachably stored in the apparatus main body (17). The adsorbent (3) is stored in the adsorption tower (2), and includes the porous material such as activated carbon, the particle size, packing density, and capacity, the passing area A of the adsorbent (3) and the length of the adsorbent packed bed. And is configured to always have a certain quality by a cassette or a mesh bag.

The usage method of a deodorizing apparatus is demonstrated.
When the power switch (23) is turned on in the control panel (21) and the start switch (24) is pushed, the blower (4) is driven and the odorous gas contaminated from the suction port (16) is sucked into the blower (4). Is passed through the lower lid (20) and pushed into the apparatus body (17).
Odor gas is fed into the adsorption tower (2) stored in the apparatus main body (17), and the odor gas passes between the coal layers of the adsorbent (3) in the adsorption tower (2). The odor gas is adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent (3). The purified odor gas passes through the upper lid (18) and is discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust port (19).
The switches and indicator lights are controlled as follows.
(A) In the case of an automatic indicator lamp When the adsorption design method is scheduled and the odor gas is adsorbed smoothly, the replacement is controlled by the automatic indicator lamp.
The start switch (24) of the integrating hour meter (5) is pushed, the odor operating time T is started, and the start lamp (blue light) (27) is turned on.
When the breakthrough time Tb is reached, the breakthrough light (yellow light) (30) is automatically turned on. When the breakthrough point b is reached, odor leakage starts, so a replacement service is required promptly.
When the end point time Te is reached, the end lamp (red lamp) (31) is automatically turned on. When the red light starts to illuminate, the deodorizing device automatically stops in about a week.
When the end point time Te is reached, the malodorous substance in the adsorbent is removed, so that a replacement service is required promptly.
(B) In the case of a manual indicator lamp There is no problem in the case of steady operation, but there is a case where odor leaks momentarily. In this case, the exchange is controlled by manual display.
As a first use stage, simultaneously with the start switch (24) of the control panel (21), the start switch (24) of the integrating hour meter (5) is pushed. Odor operating time T is started by the integrating hour meter (5), and the start lamp (blue light) (27) of the display panel (22) is turned on. As the operating time increases, the adsorbent (3) in the adsorption tower (2) begins to reduce the ability of the malodorous odor gas to adsorb. Or the odor gas may suddenly increase. When the predetermined amount of adsorption in the adsorption tower (2) reaches the limit, odor gas cannot be collected, odor leakage occurs, and an olfactory sensation occurs. The odor intensity is regulated as a range of 2.5 to 3.5.
When the weak odor intensity (2-2.5) is judged as odor leak, press the warning switch (25), turn on the warning light (yellow light) (28), record the odor leak time Tm as the detection time, Start the replacement with a margin.
In addition, when judging strong odor intensity (3 to 3.5), press the stop switch (26) of the total time meter (5) and immediately turn on the stop light (red light) (29) and start the replacement. To do.
When starting the exchange, the stop switch (26) of the control panel (21) is pushed, the blower (4) is stopped, the upper lid (18) is removed, and the adsorption tower (2) contaminated from the apparatus main body (17). ) And replace the new adsorption tower (2).
Further, when correcting the odor leakage, the warning target time Tk is set in the integrating hour meter (5), the start switch (24) is pressed, and the start lamp (blue light) (27) is turned on.
When the warning target time Tk is reached again, the stop lamp (red lamp) (29) is turned on, but no odor leakage occurs.

The odor quantitative management method can confirm the deodorization performance guarantee as the odor quantitative target of the adsorption amount by evaluating the odor intensity of the odor leakage.
When the odor gas is actually operated in the deodorizing device (1), by the automatic time meter (5), when the breakthrough time Tb and the end point time Te are reached, an automatic alarm is shown or illustrated or stopped. Visual management can be done.
(A) For the odor gas to be passed to the deodorization device (1), calculate the air volume G, the wind speed U, the cross-sectional area A of the adsorption tower (2), select several known malodorous substances, By measuring the inlet concentration C, the malodorous substance amount Q can be set.
(B) The amount of malodorous substance Q reaching saturation with respect to the various adsorbents (3) can be set to the adsorbent adsorption amount W by the equilibrium adsorption rate q, the adsorbent filling density γ, and the like.
(C) If the adsorbent set amount Ws is set according to the size of the deodorizing device (1), the breakthrough time Tb at which the outlet concentration C starts to be emitted, and the end point time Te at which the outlet concentration C becomes equal to the inlet concentration Co are set. Can be set.
(D) The deodorization apparatus (1) is provided with an adsorption tower (2), a blower (4), and an integrating hour meter (5), and the blower (4) is started or stopped by the integrating hour meter (5). The odor gas is passed through the adsorption tower (2), the outlet concentration C and the inlet concentration Co are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the adsorption tower (2), and the odor gas volume G, wind speed U, temperature t, and humidity D are set in advance. To do.
As described above, the breakthrough time Tb, the warning target time Tm, the end point time Te, etc. are set by the integrating hour meter (5), and the start switch (24), warning switch (25), and stop are set for each setting. A switch (26) or the like is provided and operated by the blower (4), so that indicator lights such as a blue light, a yellow light, and a red light can be clearly and visually managed.
The deodorizing device (1) can investigate and select malodorous substances, measure the concentration of malodorous substances of the odor discharge company, select the adsorbent (3), and set the breakthrough curve constant.
Therefore, the replacement period can be set by the adsorbent set amount Ws, and the breakthrough time Tb, the end point time Te, and the like can be confirmed by the integrating hour meter (5).
Also, by confirming the warning target time Tk with the integrated time meter (5), the odor leakage time Tm is confirmed, and by correcting the odor leakage time Tm, the deodorization performance guarantee is confirmed with the adsorption amount as the quantitative target. can do.

In the present invention, the case of the general quantitative target of the odor quantitative management method is set as the regulated concentration management method.
The regulated concentration management method does not measure the actual outlet concentration C, but defines a standard breakthrough diagram with a certain number of known malodorous substances, the regulated concentration Ci, and the selected adsorbent (3). By confirming the point B, the end point E, and the odor leakage point M, this is a method for managing the quantitative target of the adsorption amount. The purpose is to confirm the deodorization performance guarantee by the regulated concentration Ci.
That is, it will be described as follows.
(A) Select several known malodorous substances according to legal and regulatory standards.
As of 2002, 22 kinds of specific malodorous substances have been defined. Regarding the 22 odorous substances, the characteristic of “odor”, which is particularly unpleasant, has been a problem since the odor prevention law promulgated in 1971 as the 6 odorous substances have “rotted odor”.
That is, six kinds of malodorous substances such as ammonia, methyl mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, methyl sulfide, methyl disulfide, and trimethylamine were defined as “unpleasant rotten malodorous substances” as a choice of the present invention.
(B) A regulated concentration Ci corresponding to the odor intensity in the local area of the legal regulation standard is set.
The No. 1 standard of the Odor Control Law establishes the “allowable limit of concentration on the surface of the site boundary”.
The surface of the boundary line of the site shall be “area mainly used for industrial use, other areas where adaptation to bad odors can be seen” as the regional division (a), and the target odor intensity is 3.0 to 3.5. It is said that. Except area division (a), it is set as area division (b), and the odor intensity | strength is 2.5-3.0.
For the six kinds of malodorous substance names, a regulated concentration Ci corresponding to the odor intensity in the area is defined.
For example, ammonia has a regulated concentration Ci of 2 to 5 ppm depending on the odor intensity of 3.0 to 3.5 in the regional division (a), and a regulated concentration of odor intensity of 2.5 to 3.0 in the regional division (b). Ci is set to 1 to 2 ppm.
(C) The breakthrough time Tb and the end point time Te can be set by designing the equilibrium adsorption rate q and the adsorbent adsorption amount W of the selected adsorbent.
Six kinds of malodorous substances discharged from waste disposal are mixed. Hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, etc. are classified as acidic adsorbents, ammonia, trimethylamine, etc. are classified as basic adsorbents, and methyl sulfide, methyl disulfide, etc. are classified as neutral adsorbents. An adsorbent can be set.
The malodorous substance amount Q can be set by the regulated concentration Ci of the six kinds of malodorous substances. Further, the equilibrium adsorption rate q can be set to be constant according to the selected standard adsorbent and the regulated concentration Ci. Furthermore, if the air volume G, the wind speed U, and the temperature t by the deodorizing apparatus (1) are standardized and made constant, the saturation zone length Zo becomes constant.
As described above, the adsorption band length Za can set the band ratio α of the saturated band length Zo by experiment. However, if the regulation concentration Ci and the standard adsorbent of six kinds of malodorous substances are used, the band ratio α is Almost α = 1. Further, the band ratio α can be controlled by the preparation of the adsorbent.
As described above, according to the Gehart method, the adsorption saturation rate β is regarded as 0.5.
That is,
Breakthrough point adsorption amount Wb = Wo (1 + αβ) = Wo × 1.5 [kg / year]
End point adsorption amount We = Wo (1 + α) = Wo × 2 [kg / year]
Furthermore, if the adsorbent set amount Ws [kg] is set and the breakthrough time Tb is set to one year, the end point time Te is 1.33 years.
Tb = Ws / Wb = 1 [year] = 12 months Ws = Wb = Wo × 1.5
Te = We / Ws = Wo × 2 / Wo × 1.5 = 1.33 [year] = 16 months

FIG. 5 shows a standard breakthrough diagram.
In the standard breakthrough diagram, the breakthrough point B and the end point E are set constant, and the adsorption broken line curve diagram of FIG. 1 is approximately shown.
If the regulated concentration Ci and the standard adsorbent are made constant, and the adsorbent set amount Ws and breakthrough time for one year are set, the standard breakthrough diagram can be set regardless of the air volume.
Odor leakage gradually begins from the concentration ratio C / Co = 0 at the breakthrough point b, and the concentration becomes equilibrium when the concentration ratio C / Co = 1.0 at the end point.
The concentration midpoint n is the concentration ratio C / Co = 0.5, and the concentration midpoint time Tn is between the breakthrough time Tb and the end point time Te.
In the case of measuring the smell of “odor leak”, the odor is directly sniffed close to the outlet concentration C. If the odor is easily sensed, the odor intensity is set to 3 and the odor leakage point m is confirmed. In experiments, when the odor leakage point m is noticed, it is close to the concentration midpoint n.
If the region of the standard breakthrough diagram is confirmed visually and by smell, there is no need to measure the outlet concentration C with an instrument.
That is, the limit of the regulated concentration Ci can be guaranteed by confirming the indicator light of the breakthrough time Tb and the end point time Te and the odor leakage smell sense measurement.

A method of using the regulated concentration management method will be described.
The work use method requires an indicator light check work and an odor leak check work.
(A) Indicator light check work If the start switch (24) is manually turned ON on the control panel (21), the integrating hour meter (5) starts the operation time T and the start light (blue light) (27) lights up. To do. At the same time, the blower (4) rotates and odorous gas begins to pass through the adsorption tower (2).
After operation, when a breakthrough point b is reached, a breakthrough light (yellow light) (30) is displayed, and when the end point e is reached, a terminal light (red light) (31) is automatically displayed. When the end point e displays a red light, it automatically stops with a grace period of about one week. In other words, since the red lamp indicates that the regulated concentration Ci is the limit, it is necessary to confirm the color of the indicator lamp and to confirm odor leakage.
(B) Odor Leakage Confirmation Operation The recognition threshold for the odor leak point m is set to an odor intensity of 3.5 or more. When the odor leakage is not recognized and the odor leakage point m is not recognized during the operation from the operation to the end point e, the odor intensity is 3.5 or less. It is considered that there is no problem in confirming odor leakage and it is below the adsorption amount of the general quantitative amount. Moreover, even if an unknown malodorous substance is passed through the deodorizing apparatus (1), if the odor leakage point m does not occur, it is regulated to 6 or less malodorous substances.
The breakthrough time Tb is a regular service time. The odor intensity at the breakthrough point b is the beginning of the odor breaking, and is the recognition threshold level of odor intensity 2 or less. Therefore, it is safest to provide an exchange service at the breakthrough time Tb.
From the breakthrough point b to the end point e, the outlet concentration C gradually increases in odor leakage. When the end point e is reached, the odor leakage reaches the limit of the regulated concentration Ci, so that a red light is automatically displayed and the deodorizing apparatus (1) is stopped.
Even if odor leakage starts, if it is determined that it is not uncomfortable, the replacement service time can be extended to the end point e. If the olfactory sensation of the odor emission business or the residents is evaluated as being appropriate, it can be extended as it is, and the amount of adsorbent will be profitable by the extension.
On the other hand, if the replacement service is extended by saving the amount of adsorbent without performing the replacement service at the breakthrough point b, even if the automatic yellow light breakthrough is lit, it always recognizes odor leakage. While operating time can continue.
If odor leakage is confirmed, press the warning switch to turn on the warning light (yellow light) (28). If the odor intensity at the odor leakage point m is confirmed, press the stop switch to turn on the stop light (red light). (29) is turned on, and the deodorizing device (1) is stopped. In this case, regarding the difference between the odor leakage time Tm at the odor leakage point m and the end point time Te, the amount of adsorbent is corrected and the replacement service time is changed.
Further, even if the end point e is reached and the odor leakage is not more than the regulated concentration Ci and the odor intensity is not a problem, it may be uncomfortable. For example, there may be problems such as whether the concentration is instantaneously high or whether a sensory intrinsic olfactory sensation occurs.

Three quantitative target areas will be described with respect to the standard breakthrough diagram of FIG.
Between the breakthrough point b and the end point e, the area of the standard breakthrough diagram is divided into three general quantitative targets, corrective quantitative targets, and special quantitative targets, and the odor leak point m is confirmed by olfactory measurement.
(A) When the odor leakage time Tm exceeds the end point time Te, it is classified as a general quantitative target region. If the odor leakage time Tm exceeds the end point time Te, no odor leakage occurs.
Concentration measurement is not performed because there are many low-concentration malodorous areas, especially for areas where general quantitative targets and corrective quantitative targets are combined.
Regulated concentration management method does not measure the actual outlet concentration, but defines a standard breakthrough diagram with several known malodorous substances, regulated concentration Ci and selected adsorbent, breakthrough point b, end By confirming the point e and the odor leakage point m, it is possible to manage the quantitative target of the adsorption amount and confirm the deodorization performance guarantee by the regulated concentration Ci.
(B) When the odor leakage time Tm occurs between the breakthrough time Tb and the end point time Te, it is classified as a correction quantitative target region and the time is corrected.
The correction time is calculated so that the odor leakage time Tm exceeds the end point time Te, and the adsorbent amount corresponding to the correction time is added. Without measuring the concentration, adjust the adsorbent amount at low cost.
(C) When the odor leakage time Tm occurs before the breakthrough time Tb, it is specially classified as a special quantitative target area. Concentration measurement is not performed for the general quantitative target and correction quantitative target areas, but in the case of the special quantitative target area, concentration measurement is performed.
A special breakthrough time Tb is set by confirming the adsorption design specification by concentration measurement. In the case of the special quantitative target region, since the concentration may be high, the breakthrough time Tb is set as the replacement time. Further, when the breakthrough time Tb is set as the replacement time, there are cases where the amount of adsorbent is large and it is not satisfactory. At this time, it is possible to consult the residents with the sense of smell and clarify the adsorbent amount and set the replacement time.

FIG. 6 shows a method for correcting the standard breakthrough diagram.
The odor leakage time Tm in the correction quantitative target area is translated to the end point time Te to correct the time.
When recognizing the odor leak point m, the exchange service is corrected as follows.
When the odor leakage point m is recognized, the odor leakage time Tm is confirmed, the point m is placed on the b-e diagram, the point e1 is placed by translating from the point m to the e-Te axis, and the e-b diagram Correct the e-b diagram as shown by the dotted lines in the e1-b1 diagram parallel to the. The correction diagrams are o to b1 to e1.
If the correction time is ΔT, ΔT = m˜e1 = b˜b1 = Te−Tm, the corrected breakthrough time Tb1 = Tb + (Te−Tm), and the end point e1 is the end point time Te. It becomes.
The amount of adsorbent ΔWs can be calculated in correspondence with the amount of correction time ΔT, and will be added. However, the time from Tb1 to Te will eventually become the regulated concentration Ci, and will be a short time.
If the correction calculation as described above is performed, it is possible to establish a guarantee of the regulatory limit as a guideline without performing the measurement of the outlet concentration.

FIG. 7 shows a cell diagram scheme.
The cell diagram method can be used as a visual management method because it can detect odor leakage and easily confirm the notice by the method of continuous adsorption status.
The cell diagram system is a square cell diagram (6) in the upper and lower stages in the form of an adsorption tower.
In (ε), (b), and (e) of the adsorption tower mechanism diagram of FIG. 2, the continuous adsorption state of the band length [m] from the saturation band length Zo to the adsorption band length Za is shown. The adsorption amount [kg] of the saturation band adsorption amount Wo and the adsorption band adsorption amount Wa cannot be illustrated.
Therefore, a cell diagram system can be devised to display methods such as the condition of the adsorbent packed bed length Z [m], the capacity of the adsorbent adsorption amount W [kg], and the ratio of the outlet / inlet concentration ratio C / Co.
If the regulated concentrations Ci and standard adsorbents of the six kinds of malodorous substances are used, the band ratio α = 1.0, Za = Zo, and a square cell diagram is obtained.
If the inlet concentration C is on the lower surface of the lower cell diagram (6) and the outlet concentration Co is on the upper surface of the upper cell diagram (6), the square diagram of □ HO is the saturated cell diagram (7) and the square diagram of □ EH. The adsorption cell diagram (8) can be obtained. The band length is the same with OH = Zo = Za = EH.
The saturation cell diagram (7) is the actual amount of the saturation band adsorption amount Wo. In the adsorption cell diagram (8), since the adsorption saturation rate β is regarded as 0.5, it is 50% unsaturated.
Accordingly, the adsorption band adsorption amount Wa shows a triangular real amount in the lower part of the cell diagram (6). In the other part of the adsorption cell diagram (8), the unsaturated adsorption amount Wε = 0, and the empty amount.
FIG. 7 shows a state where the adsorption cell diagram (8) is combined with the saturation cell diagram (7) and the breakthrough point b is reached.
A triangle is provided as an adsorption band adsorption amount Wa in the adsorption cell diagram (8), and a saturation band adsorption amount Wo is provided in the saturation cell diagram (7). A breakthrough point b is represented at the apex of the triangle on the side of the side EE (= A) of the adsorption cell diagram (8). The side of the side EE (= A) in the adsorption cell diagram (8) represents a breakthrough dotted line. The end point time is reached when the bottom of the triangle matches the side of the side EE (= A) in the adsorption cell diagram (8).
In the continuous adsorption state, the triangle can be configured to move upward in the merged cell of the saturation cell diagram (7) and the adsorption cell diagram (8).

FIG. 8 shows a continuous adsorption situation diagram of the cell diagram.
The phenomenon of continuous adsorption of the cell diagram of FIG. 8 will be described in correspondence with the symbols (ε) to (e) of the adsorption breakthrough curve diagram of FIG. 1 and the adsorption tower mechanism diagram of FIG.
The symbol (ε) indicates a case where the vertex of the adsorption cell diagram (8) is below the breakthrough dotted line. In this case, when odor leakage occurs, it is a case of a special quantitative target. If there is odor leakage at a time earlier than the breakthrough time Tb, the concentration is high, so the set amount is adjusted to be large.
Reference numeral (b) indicates a state where the breakthrough point b has been reached.
Reference numeral (n) indicates a case where the apex of the adsorption cell diagram (8) exceeds the breakthrough dotted line and the bottom of the adsorption cell diagram (8) reaches the breakthrough dotted line.
In this case, when odor leakage occurs, it is the case of the correct quantitative target. That is, when odor leakage occurs between the breakthrough time Tb and the end point time Te, the breakthrough time Tb is corrected and adjusted.
When odor leakage occurs beyond the breakthrough time Tb, it is not known whether the breakthrough point has already been exceeded at the breakthrough time Tb, so measurement is required. Conversely, when the measurement is not performed, the adsorbent set amount Ws can be increased by the amount of time between the odor leakage time Tm and the end point time Te.
The symbol (e) shows the case where the bottom of the adsorption cell diagram (8) has reached the breakthrough line. In this case, if no odor leakage occurs, the general quantitative target is assumed.
If there is no odor leakage even after the end point time Te, the concentration is low and below the regulation limit, so it is considered that there is a guarantee, the deodorizing device (1) is stopped, and the adsorbent (3) is updated.

FIG. 9 shows the structure of the two-stage adsorption tower deodorizer (12).
A two-stage adsorption tower deodorizer (12) is provided with a first adsorption tower (9), a second adsorption tower (10), a blower (4), an integrating hour meter (5), and the like. The first adsorption tower (9) is arranged on the inlet side of the deodorizing device (12), and the second adsorption tower (10) is arranged on the outlet side in two stages.
The blower (4) is started by the integrating time meter (5), and the odor gas is passed to the inlet side of the first adsorption tower (9). When the breakthrough point time Tb is reached, the integrated time meter (5) is configured to automatically alarm or to display or stop, and the adsorbent (3) is updated and replaced.
The adsorbed first adsorption tower (9) is removed and discarded, and the adsorbed second adsorption tower (10) is replaced on the inlet side. A third adsorption tower (11) not newly adsorbed is installed on the outlet side.

FIG. 10 shows how to use the two-stage adsorption tower deodorizer (12).
The code | symbol (a) of FIG. 10 puts the adsorbent amount of 50L (liter) each in a 1st adsorption tower (9) and a 2nd adsorption tower (10) at the time of initial installation. Since there is a new adsorbent that has not been adsorbed, the two adsorption towers are in an empty cell. Start operating odor gas on the inlet side.
When the first breakthrough time Tb is reached, the symbol (b) shows the first adsorption tower (9) in the saturation cell diagram (7), and the second adsorption tower (10) in the adsorption cell diagram (8). It becomes one year exchange time.
In the saturation cell diagram (7) of the first adsorption tower (9), the adsorbent capacity is 50 L and the adsorption weight is 40 kg. In the adsorption cell diagram (8) of the second adsorption tower (10), the adsorbent capacity is 50L, but since there is an unsaturated amount of 50%, the adsorbed weight of 20 kg is the remaining amount.
That is, for the two-stage adsorption tower deodorizer (12), the total for one year is an adsorbent capacity of 100 L and an adsorption amount of 60 kg.
Reference numeral (c) indicates that the first adsorption tower (9) that has been adsorbed is removed and discarded during the first replacement, and the adsorbed second adsorption tower (10) is replaced on the inlet side. A third adsorption tower (11) not newly adsorbed is installed on the outlet side. As the adsorption cell diagram (8), the adsorbed second adsorption tower (9) has an adsorbent capacity of 50 L and an adsorption amount weight of 20 kg remaining. The new third adsorption tower (11) has an adsorbent amount of 50 L but is in an empty cell state. That is, the adsorbent capacity of 50 L and the adsorption amount weight of 40 kg are discarded for the replacement time of the first year.
When the symbol (d) reaches the second breakthrough time Tb, the second adsorption tower (10) is in the saturation cell diagram (7), and the third adsorption tower (11) is in the adsorption cell diagram (8). The replacement time will be 8 months.
In the saturation cell diagram (7) of the second adsorption tower (10), the adsorbent capacity is 50 L and the adsorption weight is 40 kg. In the adsorption cell diagram (8) of the third adsorption tower (11), the adsorbent capacity is 50 L, but since there is an unsaturated amount of 50%, the adsorbed amount weight of 20 kg is the remaining amount. At the next replacement time, 20 kg of the adsorption amount weight remains, so an adsorption amount weight of 40 kg is required. That is, the exchange time is (40/60) × 1 year = 8 months.
In the two-stage adsorption tower deodorizer (12), the adsorbent capacity is 50L and the adsorption weight is 40kg every 8 months. For one year, the adsorbent capacity is 75L and the adsorbed weight is 60kg.
In the case of a conventional deodorizing apparatus (so-called one-stage type), the adsorbent capacity is 100 L and the adsorption weight is 60 kg after replacement for one year. Comparing the two-stage type and the conventional type, the adsorption amount weight becomes the same efficiency, but the adsorbent capacity is reduced to 25% (25 kg), resulting in a large cost reduction.

An adsorption breakthrough curve diagram is shown. The adsorption tower mechanism figure of a deodorizing apparatus is shown. The schematic diagram of a deodorizing apparatus is shown. A partial detailed view of an accumulated hour meter and the like is shown. A standard breakthrough diagram is shown. Shows how to correct the standard breakthrough diagram. The cell diagram method is shown. The continuous adsorption situation figure of a cell figure is shown. The structure of a two-stage adsorption tower deodorizer is shown. The usage method of a two-stage type adsorption tower deodorizing apparatus is shown.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Deodorizing device 2 Adsorption tower 3 Adsorbent 4 Blower 5 Accumulated time meter 6 Cell diagram 7 Saturation cell diagram 8 Adsorption cell diagram 9 First adsorption tower 10 Second adsorption tower 11 Third adsorption tower 12 Two-stage adsorption tower deodorization apparatus

Claims (4)

(A) Calculate the air volume G, wind speed U, adsorption tower (2) passage area A for the odor gas to be passed to the deodorizer (1), select several known malodorous substances, By measuring Co, the amount of malodorous substance Q can be set,
(B) For various adsorbents (3), the amount of malodorous substance Q reaching saturation can be set to the adsorbent adsorption amount W by the equilibrium adsorption rate q and the adsorbent filling density γ,
(C) If the adsorbent set amount Ws is set according to the size of the deodorizing device (1), the breakthrough time Tb at which the outlet concentration C starts to be emitted, and the end point time Te at which the outlet concentration C becomes equal to the inlet concentration Co are set. Can be set,
(D) The deodorization apparatus (1) is provided with an adsorption tower (2), a blower (4), and an integrating hour meter (5), and the blower (4) is started or stopped by the integrating hour meter (5). The odor gas is passed through the adsorption tower (2), the outlet concentration C and the inlet concentration Co are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the adsorption tower (2), and the odor gas volume G, wind speed U, temperature t, and humidity D are set in advance. And
(E) When the odor gas is actually operated in the deodorizing device (1), when the breakthrough time Tb and the end point time Te are reached by the integrating time meter (5), an automatic alarm or illustrated or stopped A deodorizing apparatus and a deodorizing management method characterized in that the deodorizing apparatus is configured to do so. (A) The inlet concentration C is not measured with respect to the odor gas passed to the deodorization device (1),
(B) select several known malodorous substances according to legal and regulatory standards;
(C) Preliminarily design a regulated concentration Ci corresponding to the odor intensity of the administrative area of the regulatory standard,
(D) Select the adsorbent (3), design the equilibrium adsorption rate q and adsorbent adsorption amount W of the adsorbent (3),
(E) Depending on the operating capacity of the deodorizing device (1), the adsorbent set amount Ws, air volume G, wind speed U, temperature t, etc. are designed,
(F) Depending on the adsorbent set amount Ws, an exchange period of the breakthrough time Tb and the end point time Te is set,
(G) The odor gas is actually operated in the deodorizing device (1), and an automatic alarm, illustration, or stop is made with respect to the breakthrough time Tb and the end point time Te by the integrating time meter (5). To configure
(H) The deodorizing apparatus and the deodorizing management method according to claim 1, wherein the odor leakage time Tm is confirmed with respect to the breakthrough time Tb and the end point time Te. (A) In the deodorization apparatus (1), an upper and lower square cell diagram (6) is shown, and the state of the adsorbent packed bed length Z, the capacity of the adsorbent adsorption amount W, the outlet concentration C, and the inlet concentration Co. View percentages and other methods
(B) The adsorption cell diagram (8) is combined with the saturation cell diagram (7), and a triangle is provided as the adsorption band adsorption amount Wa in the adsorption cell diagram (8). Saturation zone adsorption amount Wo is provided,
(C) The breakthrough point b is represented when the top of the triangle matches the upper side of the adsorption cell diagram (8), and the end point e is represented when the bottom of the triangle matches the upper side of the adsorption cell diagram (8).
(D) In the case of continuous adsorption conditions, the triangle is moved upward in the cell diagram (6) that combines the saturated cell diagram (7) and the adsorption cell diagram (8). The cell diagram type deodorization management method according to 2 or 4. (A) The deodorization device (1) is provided with an adsorption tower (2), a blower (4), and an integrating time meter (5), the first adsorption tower (9) on the inlet side of the adsorption tower (2), and the second on the outlet side. Two adsorption towers (10) are configured in two stages,
(B) When the blower (4) is started by the total time meter (5), the odor gas is passed to the inlet side of the adsorption tower (2), and when the breakthrough time Tb is reached, the total time meter (5) Configure to automatically alarm or to show or stop by
(C) The first adsorption tower (9) is removed and discarded, the second adsorption tower (10) is replaced on the inlet side, and the third adsorption tower (11) containing a new adsorbent (3) is placed on the outlet side. The two-stage adsorption tower deodorization apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, which is installed.

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