JP2007038102A - Process for removing inclusion seed in raw material wheat - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method capable of precisely sorting and removing seeds of different plants included in raw material wheat, particularly roughly spherical seeds of dicotyledon. <P>SOLUTION: The raw material wheat is screened by a round opening screen with openings of 4.0-4.5 mm to sort and remove seeds of different plants having outer diameters larger than the openings and broken into sizes of 1/2-1/4. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for removing seeds of different kinds of plants mixed in raw wheat.

The raw wheat transported from the harvest area contains impurities mixed in during harvesting and transportation. Such impurities are known to include grass, stones, seeds and stems of different plants. These contaminants are removed prior to the wheat processing step.
As a method for removing impurities in the raw wheat, there are a method of sorting by size difference, a method of sorting by difference in specific gravity, a method of sorting by shape difference, a method of sorting by color difference, etc. Used depending on the type. In order to remove various contaminants and extract only the wheat to the maximum extent, the raw wheat is obtained from the shape sorter such as the sieving machine, the specific gravity sorter, the diverter, etc., and the color sorter using the above methods. Each sorter is sequentially placed and sorted.

Among these sorters, a sieving machine and a specific gravity sorter can obtain a relatively high throughput. On the other hand, since the sorting machine and color sorter have high sorting accuracy but low processing capacity, in order to maintain the production efficiency, as much wheat as possible can be obtained in the sorting process using the upstream sieving machine or specific gravity sorter. It is preferable to select and take out.
However, among the foreign materials, many of the seeds of different plants have a specific gravity close to that of wheat, and it is difficult to select them with a specific gravity sorter. For this reason, increasing the sorting capability of the sieving machine is effective in improving the overall sorting efficiency.

For screening wheat using a sieving machine, a mesh screen having a mesh screen 20 as shown in FIG. 5 is conventionally used.
Here, since wheat has an oval shape, as a sieve for separating and removing contaminants (foreign matter) larger than wheat from raw wheat, the major axis of the wheat is oriented in parallel to the sieve screen (lay down A mesh to pass through or a mesh through which the minor axis of wheat passes (stands up) parallel to the screen of the sieve. A screen that allows wheat to pass through has a high processing capacity, but has a large mesh, so that the accuracy of sorting impurities is low. In order to obtain high sorting accuracy, it is effective to use a screen that allows wheat to pass in a standing state.

  Therefore, it is conceivable to set the mesh of the screen 20 to a size that allows the wheat to stand and to separate impurities on the screen 20 having a size larger than the minor axis of the wheat. That is, as schematically shown in FIG. 6A, the mesh of the screen 20 is made into a square hole 22 having a substantially square shape, and the opening W of the screen 20, that is, the length of one side of the square hole 22 is set to be short of wheat A. By setting it slightly larger than the diameter and setting it as small as possible within a range in which almost the whole amount of wheat passes, impurities having a diameter larger than the opening W can be separated on the screen 20 and removed.

By using the screen 20 as described above, almost all the wheat A can be passed, and the seeds of different plant diameters larger than the opening W can be separated without passing.
However, even if the original diameter is sufficiently larger than the opening W, some seeds that are crushed during the transportation of raw wheat etc. are sized to pass through the opening W. In particular, dicotyledonous seeds such as peanuts, peanuts, wisteria, azuki bean, green beans, peas, peppercorns, broad beans, mung bean, cowpea, chickpeas, lentils, kintokimame, quail, tiger beans, purple beans, coffee, soybeans, black beans Etc. are easy to break into two or more, and even though the original size is a grain that is larger than wheat so that it can be separated from wheat, as a result of breaking into two or more, the size becomes closer to wheat and sieved Some may be difficult to separate from wheat with a sorter.

  For example, when the substantially spherical heterogeneous plant seed X having a diameter slightly larger than the opening W is broken into ½ spheres, it can pass through the square holes 22 as shown in FIG. In addition, the heterogeneous plant seed X 'whose radius is slightly smaller than the opening W can pass through the square hole 22 as shown in FIG. Therefore, it is difficult to remove seeds of these different plants from wheat by sieving a mesh screen.

  An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and to accurately sort and remove seeds of different kinds of plants mixed with raw wheat, in particular, substantially spherical seeds of dicotyledonous plants. Is to provide.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is a method for removing heterogeneous plant seeds mixed in raw wheat, wherein the raw wheat is screened with a round sieve having an opening of 4.0 mm to 4.5 mm. By removing the seeds of the heterogeneous plant, the seeds having an outer diameter larger than the opening and cracked to a size of 1/2 to 1/4 are removed. A method for removing seeds is provided.
In other words, the present invention performs sieving of the raw material wheat with the rounded sieve in the above range, so that among the seeds of the different plants, the short axis (when in a round state) of the grain (first axis) ), And on the plane substantially perpendicular to the major axis (second axis perpendicular to the first axis), the circle having the smallest diameter circumscribed by the cross section of the grain is removed larger than the opening of the round sieve A method for removing mixed seeds in raw wheat characterized by the above.

Here, the seed of the different plant is preferably a substantially spherical seed of a dicotyledon having an outer diameter of 4.5 mm to 10.0 mm.
The sieving of the raw wheat is preferably performed in a state where the seeds of the different plant are almost dry. The almost dry state refers to a state in which deformation caused by a force applied during normal transportation or storage is dried to such a level that human eyes cannot observe it.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the seed of the heterogeneous plant mixed with raw material wheat, especially the substantially spherical seed of a dicotyledon can be selected and removed with high precision.

  A method for removing mixed plant seeds from raw wheat according to the present invention will be described in detail below based on a preferred embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the shape of a screen (sieving plate) 10 used in the method for removing mixed foreign plant seeds in the raw wheat of the present invention. FIGS. 2 (A) to 2 (C) are shown in FIG. It is a figure explaining the circular hole 12 of the screen 10. FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a screen 10 used in the present invention has a large number of circular holes 12 with openings D arranged therein. In the illustrated example, the circular holes 12 are arranged in a zigzag at 60 degrees, but the arrangement of the circular holes 12 is not particularly limited, and any arrangement such as a 45-degree zigzag arrangement or a parallel arrangement can be adopted. . Moreover, although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the pitch of the circular holes 12, and a hole area ratio, it is preferable from the point of processing capability to use a thing with a hole area ratio as high as possible. For the screen 10, for example, a punching metal can be used.

In the present invention, a screen 10 having a circular hole 12 as shown in FIG. 1 is used to pass wheat in a standing state. The opening D of the screen 10, that is, the diameter of the circular hole 12, is preferably set as small as possible within a range where almost the whole amount of wheat passes.
Here, for example, wheat A used as a raw material for flour generally has a major axis of about 5.5 to 6.5.
mm, the minor axis is about 3.5 to 4.5 mm, and the cross section in the minor axis direction has a substantially heart shape in which a part of the circle bites inward as shown in FIG. Therefore, in the present invention, the opening D is preferably 4.0 to 4.5 mm, and more preferably 4.2 to 4.3 mm.

The present inventors have found that the use of the screen 10 having such a circular hole 12 has a remarkably high sorting accuracy as compared with the case of using the conventionally used screen 20 having the square hole 22. The present invention has been reached.
That is, by using the screen 10 described above, even if the seed having a diameter slightly larger than the opening D is cracked and halved, as shown in FIG. Since the corner (edge) of the heterogeneous plant seed X is caught and cannot pass through the circular hole 12, it can be separated on the screen 10. Further, even when the heterogeneous plant seed X ′ having a radius slightly smaller than the opening D is cracked to a size of ¼, as shown in FIG. Since the portion (edge) is caught and cannot pass through the circular hole 12, it can be separated on the screen 10.

  Thus, by using the screen 10 having the circular hole 12, the seed having an outer diameter larger than the opening D is cracked to a size of 1/2 or less as well as an unbroken circle. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a much higher sorting accuracy than when using a screen having a square hole such as a mesh sieve or a square sieve. In particular, it is possible to select a substantially spherical seed of dicotyledonous plants having an outer diameter of 4.5 mm to 10.0 mm and wheat with high accuracy.

FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are diagrams showing the results of screening performance of a round screen using the screen 10 of FIG. 1 and a mesh (corner) screen using the screen 20 of FIG.
In this experiment, as the round screen 10, a punching metal in which a large number of circular holes 12 were formed by punching a metal plate having a thickness of 0.7 mm, and the diameter (opening D) of the circular holes 12 was 2. Ten types in the range of 6 mm to 4.5 mm were prepared.
As the mesh screen 20, five kinds of wire plain woven sieves having an opening W in the range of 2.0 mm to 4.0 mm were used. As the screen 20, a punching metal in which a square hole 22 is formed by punching or the like on a metal plate similar to the screen 10 may be used. If the size of the opening W is the same, an equivalent result can be obtained. it can.

FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show the screen of “circle round sieve opening (D)” or “square square sieve opening (W)” on the horizontal axis and wheat A or different plant seed X ( Or X ′, etc. Hereinafter, a different plant is simply referred to as X regardless of its shape). The relationship with the passage rate of the plant seed X is shown.
In this experiment, sieving is performed in order from the largest mesh, the sample that has passed through the first sieve is sieved with the second sieve, and the sample that has passed through the second sieve is sieved with the third sieve. As a result of sieving sequentially, the samples remaining on each sieve were measured, and the cumulative amount on the sieve was calculated for each sieve. And the sieving cumulative yield of each sieving was calculated from the sieving accumulated amount.

The wheat A and the heterogeneous plant seed X used as samples were obtained from the actual raw wheat, and the heterogeneous plant seed X has many substantially spherical seeds of dicotyledonous plants having an outer diameter of 4.5 mm to 10.0 mm. included. Moreover, the shape of the heterogeneous plant seeds X includes, in addition to the round ones, those that are broken in half, those that are broken in 1/4, and those that have other shapes.
In addition, this sieving experiment shows that the dissimilar plant seed X (X ′) is in a substantially dry state, that is, at a level where deformation caused by force applied during normal transportation or storage is not observed by human eyes. Performed in a dry state. By using such a dry level, sieving can be performed with higher accuracy.

As shown in FIG. 4, when the screen 20 in which the square holes 22 are formed by the mesh is used, the whole amount of the wheat A passes through the screen 20 by setting the mesh opening W to 4.0 mm. 90.5% of different plant seeds X pass through, and the wheat A and the different plant seeds X cannot be separated. When the mesh opening W is 3.35 mm, the passing amount of the wheat A is 98%, the passing amount of the heterogeneous plant seed X is 60%. X is mixed. If the opening W is reduced in order to reduce the number of different plant seeds X passing through the screen 20, the amount of wheat A passing through is also reduced, and the wheat A and most of the different plant seeds X remain on the screen 20.
Thus, the wheat A and the heterogeneous plant seeds X cannot be separated with high accuracy by sieving using the screen 20.

On the other hand, when the screen 10 in which the circular holes 12 are formed is used, as shown in FIG. 3, 100% of the wheat A is obtained by setting the opening D to 4.2 mm to 4.5 mm. Passing through the screen 10, about 94% of the heterogeneous plant seed X remains on the screen 10 and is separated. Further, by setting the opening D to 4.0 mm, almost 100% of the wheat A passes through the screen 10, and about 96% of the heterogeneous plant seeds X remain on the screen 10 and are separated. When the opening D of the screen 10 is 3.8 mm, about 99% of the wheat A passes through the screen 10, and 97% or more of the heterogeneous plant seeds X remain on the screen 10 and are separated. .
That is, by sieving the raw material wheat using a round sieve having a mesh opening D of 4.0 mm to 4.5 mm, the whole amount or almost the whole amount of wheat is taken out and about 94% or more of the dissimilar plant seeds are removed. be able to.

  Here, comparing the sieving performance between the screen 10 (round sieve) and the screen 20 (mesh sieve / square sieve) having the same mesh opening, the case where the round mesh opening D is 4.0 mm, In the case where the mesh opening W is 4.0 mm, it is common in that the wheat A passes through almost the whole amount, but in the round mesh sieve, the passing rate of the different plant seeds X is about 4%, whereas The sieve is greatly different in that it is about 90%.

  That is, it can be seen that even with the same opening through which the whole amount of wheat passes, rounds have a significantly higher sorting accuracy than squares. As described above, this is a characteristic matter of the present invention found by the present inventors that greatly contributes to the sorting accuracy, and even with an equivalent opening, the diameter 1 is larger than the opening. This is because a heterogeneous plant seed broken to a size of / 2 or less cannot pass through the round sieve and can pass through the square sieve.

  As is clear from the experimental results of FIGS. 3 and 4, according to the method of the present invention, raw wheat is mixed with raw wheat by sieving the raw wheat with a round sieve having an opening of 4.0 mm to 4.5 mm. Among the seeds of dissimilar plants, they are cracked to a size of 1/2 or less, such as ½ grains and ¼ grains, as well as round ones having an outer diameter larger than 4.5 mm Can be separated and removed with high accuracy. More precisely, the method of the present invention is a seed of a heterogeneous plant, comprising a minor axis (first axis) of grains (when left in a round state), and a major axis (perpendicular to the first axis). On the plane substantially orthogonal to the second axis), the circle with the smallest diameter circumscribing the cross section of the grain is removed so as to be larger than the opening of the round screen.

Such selection of the raw wheat by the removal method of the present invention can be carried out by being incorporated in an arbitrary part of a normal selection process performed prior to a wheat processing process such as milling.
For example, in a flour mill or the like that requires a large amount of processing capacity and high sorting accuracy of various contaminants including heterogeneous plant seeds, the present invention is used as the first step of the sorting step for the raw material wheat that has been carried in. The screening is performed by sieving using a round screen specified in the above, and thereafter, conventional steps such as specific gravity selection, shape selection, and color selection may be performed. By implementing the method of the present invention at least prior to shape selection and color selection, it is possible to achieve both high processing capability and high selection accuracy.
Moreover, when not so high processing capability is required, or when high selection accuracy for those other than the heterogeneous plant seeds is not required, the heterogeneous plant seeds may be removed from the raw wheat only by the method of the present invention.
In addition, it can be appropriately combined with other sorting methods depending on the required processing capacity and sorting accuracy. In addition, within the scope of the removal method of the present invention, the processing may be performed a plurality of times with different mesh openings.

There is no restriction | limiting in particular about the form of the sorter which implements such a removal method of this invention, It can apply to the sorter of various types.
For example, as a sieving machine using the screen 10 described above, a shifter (sieving device) is used in which the screen surface is horizontal and a plurality of screens 10 having the same or different openings D are set in multiple stages in the vertical direction. be able to. Such a shifter moves the entire screen set in multiple stages two-dimensionally in a substantially horizontal direction, and sequentially sorts the raw wheat supplied to the uppermost stage of the screen using a plurality of screens. Can be screened with high accuracy.

  In addition, the present invention rotates a cylinder having a cylindrical surface formed of a screen to pass the raw material wheat supplied to the inside of the cylinder to the outside of the cylinder using a centrifugal force, and to the inside of the cylinder what does not pass through the screen. It can be applied to a sorter that holds and sorts. Such a sorter suppresses clogging by pushing back the clogged particles on the screen into the cylinder by pressing the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder with an elastic blade, roller, brush, etc. during the sieving operation. Excellent in that it can be done.

  As mentioned above, although the removal method of the mixed seed in the raw wheat which concerns on this invention was demonstrated in detail, this invention is not limited to the said various Example, In the range which does not deviate from the main point of this invention, various improvement and change Of course, you may do it.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the shape of the screen used for the removal method of the mixing seed in the raw wheat of this invention. (A)-(C) are schematic diagrams which show the circular hole of the screen of FIG. It is a figure which shows the screening performance experiment result of the round-mesh sieve using the screen of FIG. It is a figure which shows the screening performance experiment result of the mesh (corner) sieve using the screen of FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the shape of the screen of a mesh. (A)-(C) are the schematic diagrams which show the square hole of the screen of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

10 (round) screen 12 circular hole 20 (mesh / corner) screen 22 square hole

Claims (3)

A method for removing seeds of different kinds of plants mixed in raw wheat,
By sieving the raw wheat with a round sieve having a mesh opening of 4.0 mm to 4.5 mm, the seeds of the different plants have an outer diameter larger than the mesh, 4. A method for removing mixed seeds from raw wheat, which comprises removing the cracked pieces of size 4.   The removal method according to claim 1, wherein the seeds of the heterogeneous plant are substantially spherical seeds of dicotyledonous plants having an outer diameter of 4.5 mm to 10.0 mm.   The removal method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sieving of the raw wheat is performed in a state in which the seeds of the different plants are almost dry.

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