JP2007009997A - Rolling bearing - Google Patents

Rolling bearing Download PDF

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JP2007009997A
JP2007009997A JP2005189963A JP2005189963A JP2007009997A JP 2007009997 A JP2007009997 A JP 2007009997A JP 2005189963 A JP2005189963 A JP 2005189963A JP 2005189963 A JP2005189963 A JP 2005189963A JP 2007009997 A JP2007009997 A JP 2007009997A
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rolling
outer ring
ring
surface layer
steel
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Hiroki Komata
弘樹 小俣
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NSK Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide at low cost a rolling bearing capable of prolonging its rolling fatigue service life even when used under water-mixed lubrication. <P>SOLUTION: At least an outer ring (a fixed ring) 2 is manufactured by applying carbonitriding treatment, quenching treatment, and tempering treatment after machining a raw material made of steel into a predetermined shape. In a surface layer part forming a rolling face 2a, half-power band width of diffraction X ray in martensite crystal is 6.0° or less, hardness is Hv 653 or more, and amount of remaining austenite is less than 2.0 vol.%. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、転がり軸受に関する。   The present invention relates to a rolling bearing.

自動車のトランスミッション用軸受やハブユニット用軸受、鉄鋼機械のガイドロール用軸受やバックアップロール用軸受、鉄道車両用軸受、建設機械用軸受、農業機械用軸受、及び製紙機械のドライヤーロール用軸受等の転がり軸受は、潤滑油に水が混入され易い環境下(以下、「水混入潤滑下」と記す。)で使用される。
例えば、鉄鋼機械のガイドロール用軸受やバックアップロール用軸受は、冷却水等の水が潤滑油に混入され易い。また、製紙機械のドライヤーロール用軸受は、水を含んだ紙を乾燥させる工程で生じる水蒸気が潤滑油に混入され易い。さらに、自動車用のハブユニット用軸受は、路面の雨水や泥水の影響で潤滑油に水が混入され易い。
Rolling bearings for automobiles, bearings for hub units, bearings for guide rolls and backup rolls for steel machines, bearings for railway vehicles, bearings for construction machinery, bearings for agricultural machinery, and bearings for dryer rolls for paper machines The bearing is used in an environment where water is easily mixed into the lubricating oil (hereinafter referred to as “water-mixed lubrication”).
For example, in a guide roll bearing and a backup roll bearing of an iron and steel machine, water such as cooling water is likely to be mixed into the lubricating oil. Further, in a dryer roll bearing of a papermaking machine, water vapor generated in a process of drying water-containing paper is easily mixed into the lubricating oil. Further, in the hub unit bearing for automobiles, water is easily mixed into the lubricating oil due to the influence of rain water and muddy water on the road surface.

このように転がり軸受内部の潤滑油に水が混入されると、その軌道面で水が分解されて水素が生じ、この水素が、軌道面から軸受部材内部に侵入して、軸受部材を構成する鋼中に存在する酸化物系非金属介在物の周囲に集積する。そして、酸化物系非金属介在物の周囲で水素脆化が生じて、酸化物系非金属介在物への応力集中を加速させるため、早期剥離が発生し、転がり疲れ寿命が短くなると考えられている。   When water is mixed in the lubricating oil inside the rolling bearing in this way, the water is decomposed on the raceway surface to generate hydrogen, and this hydrogen enters the bearing member from the raceway surface to constitute the bearing member. Accumulate around oxide-based non-metallic inclusions present in steel. And it is thought that hydrogen embrittlement occurs around the oxide-based nonmetallic inclusions and accelerates stress concentration on the oxide-based nonmetallic inclusions, so that early peeling occurs and the rolling fatigue life is shortened. Yes.

この水素脆化は、一般に遅れ破壊等の現象で見られるが、高強度鋼になるほど、その発生率が高くなることが知られている。また、ベイナイト鋼及びマルエージング鋼と、マルテンサイト鋼とが同一強度である場合、マルテンサイト鋼のほうが水素脆化の発生率が高くなることが知られている。
非特許文献1には、潤滑油中に潤滑油全体に対して6%の水が混入されると、水が混入されていない時と比べて、転がり疲れ寿命が数分の1から20分の1程度に短くなることが記載されている。
This hydrogen embrittlement is generally seen as a phenomenon such as delayed fracture, but it is known that the higher the strength of the steel, the higher the rate of occurrence. In addition, when bainite steel, maraging steel and martensitic steel have the same strength, it is known that martensitic steel has a higher incidence of hydrogen embrittlement.
In Non-Patent Document 1, when 6% of water is mixed in the lubricating oil, the rolling fatigue life is reduced to a fraction of 20 minutes compared to when no water is mixed. It is described that it becomes as short as one.

また、非特許文献2には、水の混入量が100ppm程度と微量であっても、転がり疲れ強さが32〜48%程度に低下することが記載されている。
このため、水混入潤滑下で使用される転がり軸受では、転がり疲れ寿命を長くするために、転がり軸受内部への水の侵入を防止する対策(接触ゴムシールのような密封部材の設置等)や、鋼中に存在する酸化物系非金属介在物を減少させて、亀裂の発生を抑制する対策が施されている。
Non-Patent Document 2 describes that even when the amount of water mixed is as small as about 100 ppm, the rolling fatigue strength decreases to about 32 to 48%.
For this reason, in rolling bearings used under water-mixed lubrication, in order to increase the rolling fatigue life, measures to prevent water from entering the inside of the rolling bearing (installation of a sealing member such as a contact rubber seal) Measures have been taken to reduce the occurrence of cracks by reducing oxide-based non-metallic inclusions present in steel.

特許文献1には、少なくとも固定側軌道輪を構成する鋼からなる素材の酸素濃度を、12ppm以下とすることが提案されている。
特許文献2には、少なくとも固定側軌道輪の軌道面上に、平均直径が100μm超過の酸化物系非金属介在物が存在しないようにすることが提案されている。
古村,城田,平川著「表面起点及び内部起点の転がり疲れについて」,NSK Bearing Journal No.636,1977年,p1〜10 P.Schatzberg,I.M.Felsen著,「Effects of Water and Oxygen During Rolling Contact Lubrication」,Wear No.12,1968年,p33〜p342 特開2000−87974号公報 特開2000−110841号公報
Patent Document 1 proposes that the oxygen concentration of a material made of steel constituting at least the fixed-side raceway be 12 ppm or less.
Patent Document 2 proposes that oxide-based nonmetallic inclusions having an average diameter exceeding 100 μm should not exist on at least the raceway surface of the fixed-side raceway.
Furumura, Shirota, Hirakawa, “Rolling fatigue from surface and internal origins”, NSK Bearing Journal No. 636, 1977, p1-10 P. Schattberg, I.D. M.M. Felsen, “Effects of Water and Oxygen During Rolling Contact Lubrication”, Wear No. 12, 1968, p33-p342 JP 2000-87974 A JP 2000-110841 A

しかしながら、上述した転がり軸受内部への水の侵入を防止する対策では、完全に水の侵入を防止するという点でさらなる改善の余地がある。
また、上述した特許文献1及び2に記載のように、亀裂の発生を抑制する手段では、清浄度の優れた素材を使用する必要があるため、素材コストの点でさらなる改善の余地がある。
そこで、本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、水混入潤滑下で使用した場合でも、転がり疲れ寿命を長くできる転がり軸受を低コストで提供することを課題としている。
However, the above-described measures for preventing water from entering the inside of the rolling bearing have room for further improvement in terms of completely preventing water from entering.
In addition, as described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 described above, the means for suppressing the occurrence of cracks requires the use of a material with an excellent cleanliness, so there is room for further improvement in terms of material cost.
Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a low-cost rolling bearing capable of extending the rolling fatigue life even when used under water-mixed lubrication.

このような課題を解決するために、本発明者は、鋭意検討を重ねた結果、転動部材を構成する鋼の内部歪みが大きくなる程、水混入潤滑下での水素脆化の発生率が高くなっていることを見出した。
通常、転がり軸受の転動部材(内輪、外輪、転動体)を構成する鋼の金属組織は、焼入れ及び焼戻し処理が施されることにより、マルテンサイト結晶と、残留したオーステナイト結晶(残留オーステナイト)とから構成されている。上述した鋼の内部歪みは、マルテンサイト変態によって導入されるため、マルテンサイト結晶中に多くの内部歪みが存在する。
In order to solve such problems, the present inventor has intensively studied, and as a result, the rate of occurrence of hydrogen embrittlement under water-mixed lubrication increases as the internal strain of the steel constituting the rolling member increases. I found it higher.
Usually, the metal structure of the steel constituting the rolling members (inner rings, outer rings, and rolling elements) of rolling bearings is subjected to quenching and tempering treatment, so that martensite crystals and residual austenite crystals (residual austenite) It is composed of Since the internal strain of the steel described above is introduced by martensitic transformation, there are many internal strains in the martensitic crystal.

図1は、マルテンサイト結晶中に多くの内部歪みが存在する場合に、マルテンサイト結晶での回折X線を示す図である。
マルテンサイト結晶中に多くの内部歪みが存在すると、回折角度にバラツキが生じるため、回折X線は図1に示すような正規分布形状となる。また、オーステナイト結晶中に内部歪みが多くなる程、回折角度のバラツキが大きくなるため、回折X線の半価幅(最大回折強度の1/2の強度を有する回折X線の回折角度の範囲)が大きくなり、一方、オーステナイト結晶中に内部歪みが少なくなる程、回折角度のバラツキが小さくなるため、回折X線の半価幅が小さくなる。
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing diffraction X-rays in a martensite crystal when there are many internal strains in the martensite crystal.
When many internal strains exist in the martensite crystal, the diffraction angle varies, and the diffracted X-ray has a normal distribution shape as shown in FIG. Further, since the variation in diffraction angle increases as the internal strain increases in the austenite crystal, the half width of the diffracted X-ray (the range of the diffraction angle of the diffracted X-ray having half the maximum diffraction intensity) On the other hand, the smaller the internal strain in the austenite crystal, the smaller the diffraction angle variation, and the smaller the half width of the diffracted X-ray.

このため、耐水素脆性を向上させて、水混入潤滑下での転がり疲れ寿命を長くするためには、転動部材を構成する鋼のマルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅を出来る限り小さくすればよい。しかし、マルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅を小さくする程、硬さが低下するため、半価幅を極端に小さくすると、水が混入されていない潤滑下(以下、「クリーン潤滑下」と記す。)での転がり疲れ寿命に必要な硬さが得られなくなる場合がある。
そこで、本発明者は、転動部材を構成する鋼中に存在する内部歪みを、マルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅を用いて特定するとともに、硬さを特定することにより、クリーン潤滑下での転がり疲れ寿命を確保しつつ、水混入潤滑下での転がり疲れ寿命を長くできる転がり軸受を完成させた。
Therefore, in order to improve hydrogen embrittlement resistance and extend the rolling fatigue life under water-mixed lubrication, the half-value width of the diffracted X-rays in the martensite crystal of the steel constituting the rolling member is as much as possible. Just make it smaller. However, the hardness decreases as the half-width of the diffracted X-rays in the martensite crystal decreases, so if the half-width is made extremely small, under water-free lubrication (hereinafter referred to as “clean lubrication”). "). The hardness required for the rolling fatigue life may not be obtained.
Therefore, the present inventor specified the internal strain existing in the steel constituting the rolling member by using the half width of the diffracted X-rays in the martensite crystal, and by specifying the hardness, We have completed a rolling bearing that can ensure a long rolling fatigue life under lubrication while ensuring a long rolling fatigue life under lubrication.

すなわち、本発明に係る請求項1に記載の発明は、内輪と、外輪と、前記内輪及び前記外輪の間で転動自在に配設される複数の転動体と、を備え、前記内輪及び前記外輪のうち一方が固定輪として、他方が回転輪として使用される転がり軸受において、少なくとも前記固定輪は、鋼からなる素材を所定形状に加工した後、浸炭窒化処理、焼入れ処理、及び焼戻し処理が施されて得られ、その転がり面をなす表層部は、マルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅が6.0°以下で、硬さがHv653以上で、残留オーステナイト量が2.0体積%未満となっていることを特徴とする転がり軸受を提供する。   That is, the invention according to claim 1 according to the present invention includes an inner ring, an outer ring, and a plurality of rolling elements that are arranged to freely roll between the inner ring and the outer ring. In a rolling bearing in which one of the outer rings is used as a fixed ring and the other is used as a rotating ring, at least the fixed ring is subjected to carbonitriding, quenching, and tempering after a steel material is processed into a predetermined shape. The surface layer portion that is obtained by applying and has a rolling surface has a half-value width of diffraction X-rays of martensite crystal of 6.0 ° or less, a hardness of Hv653 or more, and a retained austenite amount of 2.0 volume. Provided is a rolling bearing characterized by being less than%.

これによれば、清浄度の高い素材を用いなくても、表層部の内部歪みが低減されることにより耐水素脆性が向上するため、水混入潤滑下での転がり疲れ寿命を長くできる。
また、少なくとも固定輪の転がり面をなす表層部において、マルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅及び残留オーステナイト量の特定に加えて、硬さを特定することにより、クリーン潤滑下での転がり疲れ寿命も長くできる。
ここで、前記表層部のマルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅が6.0°よりも大きくなると、転がり面をなす表層部において内部歪みを低減させる効果が十分に得られなくなる。
According to this, even without using a material with high cleanliness, the internal strain of the surface layer portion is reduced, so that the hydrogen embrittlement resistance is improved, so that the rolling fatigue life under water-mixed lubrication can be extended.
In addition to specifying the half-value width and residual austenite amount of the diffracted X-rays in the martensite crystal at least in the surface layer portion that forms the rolling surface of the fixed ring, rolling under clean lubrication is specified by specifying the hardness. The fatigue life can be extended.
Here, if the half width of the diffracted X-rays in the martensite crystal in the surface layer portion is larger than 6.0 °, the effect of reducing internal strain in the surface layer portion forming the rolling surface cannot be sufficiently obtained.

また、前記表層部の残留オーステナイト量が2.0体積%以上となると、軸受使用時に転動体に加わる剪断応力によって歪み誘導変態が生じ、残留オーステナイトが内部歪みの多いマルテンサイト結晶に変態するため、転がり面をなす表層部において内部歪みを低減する効果が十分に得られなくなる。
さらに、前記表層部の硬さがHv653未満となると、クリーン潤滑下での転がり疲れ寿命に必要な硬さを確保できなくなる。
Further, when the amount of retained austenite in the surface layer portion is 2.0% by volume or more, strain-induced transformation occurs due to the shear stress applied to the rolling element during use of the bearing, and the retained austenite is transformed into a martensite crystal with a lot of internal strain. The effect of reducing internal strain at the surface layer portion forming the rolling surface cannot be sufficiently obtained.
Furthermore, when the hardness of the surface layer portion is less than Hv653, the hardness necessary for the rolling fatigue life under clean lubrication cannot be secured.

また、本発明に係る請求項2に記載の発明は、内輪と、外輪と、前記内輪及び前記外輪の間で転動自在に配設される複数の転動体と、を備え、前記内輪及び前記外輪のうち一方が固定輪として、他方が回転輪として使用される転がり軸受において、少なくとも前記固定輪は、C含有率が0.6質量%以上1.2質量%以下で、Si含有率が0.5質量%以上1.5質量%以下である鋼からなる素材を所定形状に加工した後、浸炭窒化処理、焼入れ処理、及び焼戻し処理が施されて得られ、その転がり面をなす表層部は、マルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅が5.5°以下で、硬さがHv653以上で、残留オーステナイト量が2.0体積%以下となっていることを特徴とする転がり軸受を提供する。   According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an inner ring, an outer ring, and a plurality of rolling elements that are freely rollable between the inner ring and the outer ring. In a rolling bearing in which one of the outer rings is used as a fixed ring and the other is used as a rotating ring, at least the fixed ring has a C content of 0.6 mass% to 1.2 mass% and a Si content of 0. The surface layer part that forms the rolling surface is obtained by processing a material made of steel of 5% by mass or more and 1.5% by mass or less into a predetermined shape, followed by carbonitriding, quenching, and tempering. A rolling bearing characterized by having a half width of diffraction X-rays in a martensite crystal of 5.5 ° or less, a hardness of Hv653 or more, and a retained austenite amount of 2.0 vol% or less. provide.

これによれば、表層部のマルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅を5.5以下にしても、表層部に必要な硬さを付与できるため、上述した請求項1に記載の転がり軸受よりも耐水素脆性が向上して、水混入潤滑下での寿命をさらに長くできる。
ここで、素材をなす鋼中のC(炭素)は、鋼に必要な強度と転がり疲れ寿命を得るために必要な元素であるが、少な過ぎると、芯部に必要な強度を付与できなくなるとともに、浸炭窒化処理時に必要な硬化層深さを得るための熱処理時間が長くなって熱処理コストの上昇を招く。よって、素材をなす鋼のC含有率は0.6質量%以上とする。一方、素材をなす鋼のC含有率が多過ぎると、製鋼時に粗大な炭化物が生成して、その後の焼入れ特性や転がり疲れ寿命に悪影響を与えたり、ヘッダー性等の機械加工性を低下させて加工コストの上昇を招く。よって、素材をなす鋼のC含有率は1.2質量%以下とする。
According to this, even if the half-value width of the diffracted X-ray in the martensite crystal in the surface layer portion is 5.5 or less, the necessary hardness can be imparted to the surface layer portion, and therefore the rolling according to claim 1 described above. The hydrogen embrittlement resistance is improved compared to the bearing, and the life under lubrication with water can be further extended.
Here, C (carbon) in the steel constituting the material is an element necessary for obtaining the strength and rolling fatigue life necessary for the steel, but if the amount is too small, the necessary strength cannot be imparted to the core. In addition, the heat treatment time for obtaining the necessary hardened layer depth during the carbonitriding process becomes long, and the heat treatment cost is increased. Therefore, the C content of the steel constituting the material is 0.6% by mass or more. On the other hand, if the C content of the material steel is too large, coarse carbides are produced during steelmaking, which adversely affects the subsequent quenching characteristics and rolling fatigue life, and reduces the machinability such as header properties. Increases processing costs. Therefore, the C content of the steel constituting the material is 1.2% by mass or less.

また、素材をなす鋼中のSi(ケイ素)は、製鋼時に脱酸剤として必要な元素であるとともに、基地マルテンサイトを強化し、表層部の焼戻し軟化抵抗性を向上させて、転がり面をなす表層部のマルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅を5.5°以下としても、Hv653以上の硬さを得るために必要な元素である。よって、素材をなすSi含有率は、0.5質量%以上、好ましくは0.8質量%以上とする。一方、素材をなす鋼のSi含有率が多過ぎると、ヘッダー性や被削性等の機械加工性を低下させるだけでなく、浸炭窒化処理特性が低下して、十分な硬化層深さや窒素拡散深さを確保できなくなる場合がある。よって、素材をなす鋼のSi含有率は1.5質量%以下とする。   In addition, Si (silicon) in the steel used as a raw material is an element necessary as a deoxidizer during steelmaking, strengthens the base martensite, improves the temper softening resistance of the surface layer, and forms a rolling surface. Even if the half-value width of diffracted X-rays in the martensite crystal in the surface layer portion is 5.5 ° or less, it is an element necessary for obtaining a hardness of Hv653 or higher. Therefore, the Si content constituting the material is 0.5% by mass or more, preferably 0.8% by mass or more. On the other hand, if the steel content of the steel is too high, not only will the machinability such as header properties and machinability be degraded, but also the carbonitriding properties will be degraded, resulting in sufficient hardened layer depth and nitrogen diffusion. The depth may not be secured. Therefore, the Si content of the steel constituting the material is 1.5% by mass or less.

なお、本発明において「転がり面」とは、内輪及び外輪の各軌道面や転動体の転動面を指す。また、本発明において「表層部」とは、表面から所定深さ(例えば、100μm)までの部分を指す。
また、転がり軸受において、回転輪では軌道面全周で荷重を支持するが、固定輪では軌道面の一定位置で荷重を支持するため、回転輪の軌道面よりも固定輪の軌道面に応力集中が生じ易い。このため、本発明では、少なくとも固定輪において、その転がり面をなす表層部のマルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅、硬さ、及び残留オーステナイト量を特定した。
In the present invention, the “rolling surface” refers to the raceway surfaces of the inner ring and the outer ring and the rolling surfaces of the rolling elements. In the present invention, the “surface layer portion” refers to a portion from the surface to a predetermined depth (for example, 100 μm).
In rolling bearings, the rotating wheel supports the load around the entire raceway surface, but the fixed wheel supports the load at a fixed position on the raceway surface, so stress concentration is more concentrated on the fixed ring raceway surface than the rotating ring raceway surface. Is likely to occur. For this reason, in the present invention, at least the fixed ring, the half width of the diffracted X-rays in the martensite crystal of the surface layer portion that forms the rolling surface, the hardness, and the amount of retained austenite are specified.

本発明の転がり軸受によれば、少なくとも固定輪の転がり面をなす表層部において、マルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅、硬さ、及び残留オーステナイト量を特定したことによって、清浄度の高い素材を用いなくても、優れた耐水素脆性が得られる。これにより、水混入潤滑下で使用した場合でも、転がり疲れ寿命の長い転がり疲れ寿命を低コストで提供できる。   According to the rolling bearing of the present invention, at least in the surface layer portion forming the rolling surface of the fixed ring, the half-value width, hardness, and residual austenite amount of diffracted X-rays in the martensite crystal are specified. Even without using a high material, excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance can be obtained. Thereby, even when used under water-mixed lubrication, a rolling fatigue life with a long rolling fatigue life can be provided at a low cost.

以下、本発明の実施形態について図面を参照しながら説明する。
図2は、本発明に係る転がり軸受の一例として玉軸受を示す断面図である。
この玉軸受(転がり軸受)は、図2に示すように、内輪1(回転輪)と、外輪(固定輪)2と、これらの軌道面(転がり面)1a,2a間に転動自在に配設された複数の玉(転動体)3と、から構成されている。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a ball bearing as an example of a rolling bearing according to the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 2, this ball bearing (rolling bearing) is arranged between an inner ring 1 (rotating ring), an outer ring (fixed ring) 2 and raceway surfaces (rolling surfaces) 1a and 2a so as to be freely rollable. And a plurality of balls (rolling elements) 3 provided.

本実施形態において、外輪2は、以下に示す手順で作製されたものを用いた。
まず、少なくともC含有率が0.6質量%以上1.2質量%以下で、Si含有率が0.5質量%以上1.5質量%以下である鋼からなる素材を所定形状に加工した後、混合ガス(RXガス+エンリッチガス+アンモニアガス)雰囲気下、840〜950℃で、軌道面2aに300μm以上の浸炭窒化層が得られるまで加熱保持することにより、浸炭窒化を行った。次に、820〜860℃で油焼入れを行った後、340〜390℃で2時間保持することによる焼戻しを行った。
In the present embodiment, the outer ring 2 was manufactured by the following procedure.
First, after processing a material made of steel having at least a C content of 0.6 mass% to 1.2 mass% and an Si content of 0.5 mass% to 1.5 mass% into a predetermined shape Carbonitriding was performed by heating and maintaining at 840 to 950 ° C. in a mixed gas (RX gas + enrich gas + ammonia gas) atmosphere until a carbonitriding layer of 300 μm or more was obtained on the raceway surface 2a. Next, after performing oil quenching at 820 to 860 ° C., tempering was performed by holding at 340 to 390 ° C. for 2 hours.

得られた外輪1の軌道面2aをなす表層部(表面から100μmの深さまで部分)は、マルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅が5.5°以下で、硬さがHv653以上で、残留オーステナイト量が2.0体積%未満となっていた。
本実施形態の玉軸受では、外輪2の軌道面2aをなす表層部において、マルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅及び残留オーステナイト量を特定することで、水素脆化の発生率が少なくなるため、水混入潤滑下での転がり疲れ寿命を長くできる。
また、本実施形態の玉軸受では、外輪2の軌道面2aをなす表層部において、マルテンサイト結晶での回折X線及び残留オーステナイト量に加えて、硬さが特定されているため、クリーン潤滑下での転がり疲れ寿命も長くできる。
The surface layer portion (part from the surface to a depth of 100 μm) that forms the raceway surface 2a of the outer ring 1 has a half-value width of diffraction X-rays in the martensite crystal of 5.5 ° or less and a hardness of Hv653 or more. The amount of retained austenite was less than 2.0% by volume.
In the ball bearing of the present embodiment, the incidence of hydrogen embrittlement is reduced by specifying the half width of the diffracted X-rays in the martensite crystal and the amount of retained austenite in the surface layer portion forming the raceway surface 2a of the outer ring 2. Therefore, the rolling fatigue life under water-mixed lubrication can be extended.
Further, in the ball bearing of the present embodiment, in the surface layer portion forming the raceway surface 2a of the outer ring 2, the hardness is specified in addition to the diffracted X-ray and residual austenite amount in the martensite crystal. Rolling fatigue life can be extended.

次に、本発明の効果を以下に示す実施例(発明例及び比較例)に基づいて検証した。
まず、呼び番号51305のスラスト玉軸受(内径:25mm,外径:52mm,幅:18mm)を、以下に示すようにして作製した。
固定輪となる外輪は、以下に示す手順で作製した。
まず、C及びSiが表1に示す各含有率の鋼からなる素材を所定形状に加工した後、表1に示す各条件の焼入れ処理を施し、さらに、表1に示す各温度で2時間保持する焼戻し処理を行った。
Next, the effects of the present invention were verified based on the following examples (invention examples and comparative examples).
First, a thrust ball bearing having an identification number 51305 (inner diameter: 25 mm, outer diameter: 52 mm, width: 18 mm) was produced as follows.
The outer ring to be a fixed ring was produced by the following procedure.
First, after processing the material which consists of steel of each content rate which C and Si show in Table 1 into a predetermined shape, the hardening process of each condition shown in Table 1 is given, and also it hold | maintains for 2 hours at each temperature shown in Table 1 A tempering treatment was performed.

なお、表1に示す焼入れ処理「浸炭窒化焼入れ」とは、混合ガス(RXガス+エンリッチガス+アンモニアガス)雰囲気下、840〜950℃で2〜4時間加熱保持することによる浸炭窒化を行った後、820〜860℃での油焼入れを行った処理を指す。
また、表1に示す焼入れ処理「ずぶ焼入れ」とは、RXガス雰囲気下、820〜860℃で0.5〜1.0時間保持した後、820〜860℃での油焼入れを行った熱処理を指す。
The quenching treatment “carbonitriding and quenching” shown in Table 1 was carbonitriding by heating and holding at 840 to 950 ° C. for 2 to 4 hours in a mixed gas (RX gas + enriched gas + ammonia gas) atmosphere. Then, the process which performed oil quenching at 820-860 degreeC is pointed out.
In addition, the quenching treatment “subsequent quenching” shown in Table 1 is a heat treatment in which an oil quenching at 820 to 860 ° C. is performed after holding at 820 to 860 ° C. for 0.5 to 1.0 hour in an RX gas atmosphere. Point to.

次に、得られた外輪の軌道面をなす表層部(表面から100μmの深さまでの部分)において、マルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅、硬さ、及び残留オーステナイト量を、以下に示す方法で測定した。これらの結果は、表1に併せて示した。
前記表層部のマルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅は、X線源としてCrKα線を利用した回折X線を用いて、図1に示す半価幅を測定した。このとき、回折強度は、実際に測定された回折強度からバックグラウンドを引いたものを用いた。なお、バックグラウンドは、2点測定法、或いは、多点測定法と関数フィッティング法とを組み合わせた方法を用いて推定した。
Next, in the surface layer portion (the portion from the surface to a depth of 100 μm) that forms the raceway surface of the obtained outer ring, the half width of the diffraction X-ray in the martensite crystal, the hardness, and the amount of retained austenite are as follows: It was measured by the method shown. These results are also shown in Table 1.
The half width of the diffracted X-rays in the martensite crystal of the surface layer portion was measured by using the diffracted X-rays using CrKα rays as the X-ray source, as shown in FIG. At this time, the diffraction intensity was obtained by subtracting the background from the actually measured diffraction intensity. The background was estimated using a two-point measurement method or a method combining a multipoint measurement method and a function fitting method.

また、前記表層部の硬さ(Hv)は、公知のマイクロビッカース硬さ試験法を用いて測定した。 さらに、前記表層部の残留オーステナイト量(体積比)は、公知のX線回折法により測定した。
このようにして得られた外輪と、SUJ2製の内輪と、SUJ2製の玉とを用いて、スラスト玉軸受を組み立てた。そして、このスラスト玉軸受の寿命試験を、以下に示す条件で行った。
Further, the hardness (Hv) of the surface layer portion was measured using a known micro Vickers hardness test method. Furthermore, the amount of retained austenite (volume ratio) of the surface layer portion was measured by a known X-ray diffraction method.
A thrust ball bearing was assembled using the outer ring, the SUJ2 inner ring, and the SUJ2 ball thus obtained. And the life test of this thrust ball bearing was done on the conditions shown below.

この寿命試験のうち、水混入潤滑下での試験は、内輪、外輪、玉のいずれかに破損が生じるまで、内輪を回転させることで行い、破損が生じるまでの累積応力繰り返し回数を寿命として算出した。また、この寿命試験は、各スラスト玉軸受において10回ずつ試験を行った。この結果は、ワイブル分布関数に基づくL10寿命を計算し、比較例であるNo.10のL10寿命を1.0とした時の比として、表1に併せて示した。 Of these life tests, the test under water-mixed lubrication is performed by rotating the inner ring until any of the inner ring, outer ring, or ball is damaged, and the cumulative number of repeated stresses until the damage occurs is calculated as the life. did. In addition, this life test was conducted 10 times for each thrust ball bearing. As a result, the L 10 life based on the Weibull distribution function was calculated. Table 1 also shows the ratio when the L 10 life of 10 is 1.0.

また、この寿命試験のうち、クリーン潤滑下での試験は、各スラスト玉軸受を10個ずつ用意し、各スラスト玉軸受の内輪を500時間回転させることで行った。この結果は、10個のスラスト軸受のうち、500時間内に内輪、外輪、玉のいずれかに破損が生じた軸受の個数を算出して、表1に併せて示した。
〔寿命試験条件〕
スラスト荷重:6420N(655kgf)
回転速度:1000min-1
潤滑油:(水混入潤滑)VG68+潤滑油全体に対して水5%
(クリーン潤滑)VG68
Of these life tests, the test under clean lubrication was performed by preparing ten thrust ball bearings and rotating the inner ring of each thrust ball bearing for 500 hours. The results are shown in Table 1 by calculating the number of bearings in which any of the 10 thrust bearings was damaged in the inner ring, the outer ring, or the ball within 500 hours.
[Life test conditions]
Thrust load: 6420N (655kgf)
Rotational speed: 1000min -1
Lubricating oil: (Water-mixed lubrication) VG68 + 5% water based on the total lubricating oil
(Clean lubrication) VG68

Figure 2007009997
Figure 2007009997

表1に示すように、軌道面をなす表層部において、マルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅が6.0°以下で、硬さがHv653以上で、残留オーステナイト量が20体積%未満の外輪No.1〜No.9を用いたスラスト玉軸受では、上記範囲外の外輪No.10〜No.14を用いた場合と比べて、水混入潤滑下及びクリーン潤滑下での寿命がいずれも長かった。   As shown in Table 1, in the surface layer portion forming the raceway surface, the half-value width of the diffraction X-ray in the martensite crystal is 6.0 ° or less, the hardness is Hv653 or more, and the residual austenite amount is less than 20% by volume. Outer ring no. 1-No. In the thrust ball bearing using No. 9, the outer ring no. 10-No. Compared with the case where No. 14 was used, the lifetime under both water-mixed lubrication and clean lubrication was longer.

このうち、外輪を、C含有率及びSi含有率が特定された鋼で作製し、その軌道面をなす表層部において、マルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅が5.5°以下で、硬さがHv653以上で、残留オーステナイト量が20体積%未満の外輪No.4〜No.9を用いたスラスト玉軸受では、上記範囲外の外輪No.1〜No.3を用いた場合と比べて、水混入潤滑下での寿命が長かった。   Of these, the outer ring is made of steel with a specified C content and Si content, and the half-value width of the diffraction X-rays in the martensite crystal is 5.5 ° or less at the surface layer portion forming the raceway surface. An outer ring No. having a hardness of Hv 653 or more and a residual austenite amount of less than 20 vol% 4-No. In the thrust ball bearing using No. 9, the outer ring no. 1-No. Compared with the case of using No. 3, the life under water-mixed lubrication was longer.

一方、外輪No.10,No.11,No.13を用いたスラスト玉軸受では、軌道面をなす表層部のマルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅が本発明範囲外であったため、クリーン潤滑下での寿命は長かったが、水混入潤滑下での寿命は外輪No.10を用いた場合と比べて短かった。
また、外輪No.12,No.14を用いたスラスト玉軸受では、軌道面をなす表層部の硬さが本発明範囲外であったため、水混入潤滑下での寿命は外輪No.10を用いた場合と比べて長かったが、クリーン潤滑下での寿命は短かった。
On the other hand, the outer ring no. 10, no. 11, no. In the thrust ball bearing using No. 13, the half-value width of the diffracted X-rays in the martensite crystal on the surface layer forming the raceway surface was outside the range of the present invention, so the life under clean lubrication was long, but water mixing The life under lubrication is no. Compared to the case of using 10, it was shorter.
The outer ring No. 12, no. In the thrust ball bearing using No. 14, the hardness of the surface layer portion forming the raceway surface was out of the scope of the present invention. Although it was longer than when 10 was used, the life under clean lubrication was short.

続いて、表1に示す結果に基づいて、外輪の軌道面をなす表層部のマルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅と、水混入潤滑下での寿命と、の関係を示す図3のグラフを作成した。
図3に示す結果から、軌道面をなす表層部のマルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅が6.0°以下の外輪を用いることで、スラスト玉軸受の水混入潤滑下での寿命が、外輪No.10を用いた場合の3.5倍以上に長くなっていることが分かる。
Subsequently, based on the results shown in Table 1, FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the half-value width of the diffracted X-rays in the martensite crystal of the surface layer portion forming the raceway surface of the outer ring and the life under water-mixed lubrication. A graph was created.
From the results shown in FIG. 3, the life of the thrust ball bearing under water-mixed lubrication can be obtained by using an outer ring having a half-value width of diffraction X-rays in the martensite crystal of the surface layer forming the raceway surface of 6.0 ° or less. However, the outer ring no. It can be seen that the length is 3.5 times longer than when 10 is used.

また、軌道面をなす表層部のマルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅が5.5°以下の外輪を用いることで、スラスト玉軸受の水混入潤滑下での寿命を、No.10の外輪を用いた場合の4.0倍以上に長くできていることが分かる。
続いて、表1に示す結果に基づいて、外輪の軌道面をなす表層部のマルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅と、外輪の軌道面をなす表層部の硬さと、の関係を示す図4のグラフを作成した。
Further, by using an outer ring having a half-value width of diffracted X-rays in the martensite crystal of the surface layer portion forming the raceway surface of 5.5 ° or less, the life of the thrust ball bearing under water-mixed lubrication can be No. It can be seen that the length is longer than 4.0 times that when 10 outer rings are used.
Subsequently, based on the results shown in Table 1, the relationship between the half-value width of the diffracted X-rays in the martensite crystal of the surface layer part forming the outer ring raceway surface and the hardness of the surface layer part forming the outer ring raceway surface is The graph shown in FIG. 4 was created.

図4の結果から、外輪の軌道面をなす表層部のマルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅が小さくなる(つまり、軌道面をなす表層部の内部歪みが小さくなる)につれて、外輪の軌道面をなす表層部の硬さが小さくなっていることが分かる。
また、外輪の軌道面をなす表層部のマルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅が同程度であっても、鋼の熱処理方法として浸炭窒化焼入れを施した外輪では、ずぶ焼入れを施した外輪と比べて、表層部の硬さが高くなっていることが分かる。
From the results of FIG. 4, as the half-value width of the diffracted X-rays in the martensite crystal in the surface layer portion forming the raceway surface of the outer ring decreases (that is, the internal strain in the surface layer portion forming the raceway surface decreases), It turns out that the hardness of the surface layer part which makes a raceway surface is small.
In addition, even if the half width of diffraction X-rays in the martensite crystal of the surface layer portion forming the raceway surface of the outer ring is about the same, the outer ring subjected to carbonitriding as a heat treatment method for steel was subjected to continuous quenching. It can be seen that the hardness of the surface layer portion is higher than that of the outer ring.

さらに、外輪をなす鋼のC含有率及びSi含有率を本発明範囲内にするとともに、鋼の熱処理方法として浸炭窒化焼入れを施した外輪では、本発明の範囲外の鋼を用いて浸炭窒化処理を施した外輪と比べて、表層部の硬さが高くなっていることが分かる。
本実施例の結果から、外輪の軌道面をなす表層部において、マルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅、残留オーステナイト量、及び硬さを特定することにより、水混入潤滑下での寿命とクリーン潤滑下での寿命とをともに長くできることが確認できた。
Further, the C content and Si content of the steel forming the outer ring are within the scope of the present invention, and the outer ring subjected to carbonitriding and quenching as a heat treatment method for steel is carbonitrided using steel outside the scope of the present invention. It can be seen that the hardness of the surface layer portion is higher than that of the outer ring subjected to.
From the results of this example, in the surface layer part forming the raceway surface of the outer ring, the half-value width of the diffraction X-rays in the martensite crystal, the amount of retained austenite, and the hardness are specified, and the lifetime under water-mixed lubrication. It has been confirmed that the life under clean lubrication can be extended.

本発明におけるマルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅の定義を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the definition of the half value width of the diffraction X-ray in the martensite crystal in this invention. 本発明の転がり軸受の一例として玉軸受を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows a ball bearing as an example of the rolling bearing of this invention. マルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅と、水混入潤滑下での寿命との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the half width of the diffraction X-ray in a martensite crystal, and the lifetime under water-mixed lubrication. マルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅と、硬さとの関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the half value width of the diffraction X-ray in a martensite crystal, and hardness.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 内輪(回転輪)
1a 軌道面(転がり面)
2 外輪(固定輪)
2a 軌道面(転がり面)
3 玉(転動体)
1 Inner ring (rotating wheel)
1a Raceway surface (rolling surface)
2 Outer ring (fixed ring)
2a Raceway surface (rolling surface)
3 balls (rolling elements)

Claims (2)

内輪と、外輪と、前記内輪及び前記外輪の間で転動自在に配設される複数の転動体と、を備え、前記内輪及び前記外輪のうち一方が固定輪として、他方が回転輪として使用される転がり軸受において、
少なくとも前記固定輪は、鋼からなる素材を所定形状に加工した後、浸炭窒化処理、焼入れ処理、及び焼戻し処理が施されて得られ、
その転がり面をなす表層部は、マルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅が6.0°以下で、硬さがHv653以上で、残留オーステナイト量が2.0体積%未満となっていることを特徴とする転がり軸受。
An inner ring, an outer ring, and a plurality of rolling elements that are freely rollable between the inner ring and the outer ring, wherein one of the inner ring and the outer ring is used as a fixed ring and the other is used as a rotating ring. In rolling bearings,
At least the fixed ring is obtained by performing a carbonitriding process, a quenching process, and a tempering process after processing a material made of steel into a predetermined shape,
The surface layer portion forming the rolling surface has a half-value width of diffraction X-rays in the martensite crystal of 6.0 ° or less, a hardness of Hv653 or more, and a residual austenite amount of less than 2.0% by volume. A rolling bearing characterized by that.
内輪と、外輪と、前記内輪及び前記外輪の間で転動自在に配設される複数の転動体と、を備え、前記内輪及び前記外輪のうち一方が固定輪として、他方が回転輪として使用される転がり軸受において、
少なくとも前記固定輪は、C含有率が0.6質量%以上1.2質量%以下で、Si含有率が0.5質量%以上1.5質量%以下である鋼からなる素材を所定形状に加工した後、浸炭窒化処理、焼入れ処理、及び焼戻し処理が施されて得られ、
その転がり面をなす表層部は、マルテンサイト結晶での回折X線の半価幅が5.5°以下で、硬さがHv653以上で、残留オーステナイト量が2.0体積%未満となっていることを特徴とする転がり軸受。
An inner ring, an outer ring, and a plurality of rolling elements that are freely rollable between the inner ring and the outer ring, wherein one of the inner ring and the outer ring is used as a fixed ring and the other is used as a rotating ring. In rolling bearings,
At least the fixed ring has a predetermined shape of a material made of steel having a C content of 0.6 mass% to 1.2 mass% and an Si content of 0.5 mass% to 1.5 mass%. After processing, obtained by carbonitriding, quenching, and tempering,
The surface layer part forming the rolling surface has a half-value width of diffracted X-rays of martensite crystal of 5.5 ° or less, a hardness of Hv653 or more, and a residual austenite amount of less than 2.0% by volume. A rolling bearing characterized by that.
JP2005189963A 2005-06-29 2005-06-29 Rolling bearing Pending JP2007009997A (en)

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JP2009235445A (en) * 2008-03-26 2009-10-15 Ntn Corp Method for applying heat-treatment for steel, method for manufacturing machine part, machine part, and rolling bearing
WO2015034044A1 (en) * 2013-09-05 2015-03-12 Ntn株式会社 Rolling component
JP2015052134A (en) * 2013-09-05 2015-03-19 Ntn株式会社 Rolling component
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US20160108961A1 (en) * 2014-10-17 2016-04-21 Jtekt Corporation Bearing ring and rolling bearing
JP2018168433A (en) * 2017-03-30 2018-11-01 Ntn株式会社 Bearing part, rolling bearing, and process for production of bearing part
JP2018204949A (en) * 2017-05-30 2018-12-27 日本電信電話株式会社 Evaluation method for hydrogen embrittlement resistance characteristic of steel material
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JP2009235445A (en) * 2008-03-26 2009-10-15 Ntn Corp Method for applying heat-treatment for steel, method for manufacturing machine part, machine part, and rolling bearing
WO2015034044A1 (en) * 2013-09-05 2015-03-12 Ntn株式会社 Rolling component
JP2015052134A (en) * 2013-09-05 2015-03-19 Ntn株式会社 Rolling component
US10208798B2 (en) 2013-09-05 2019-02-19 Ntn Corporation Rolling device
CN105331897A (en) * 2014-08-13 2016-02-17 宝钢不锈钢有限公司 Inner ring material of backing bearing and thermal treatment technology of inner ring material
US20160108961A1 (en) * 2014-10-17 2016-04-21 Jtekt Corporation Bearing ring and rolling bearing
US9709099B2 (en) * 2014-10-17 2017-07-18 Jtekt Corporation Bearing ring and rolling bearing
US10538821B2 (en) 2014-10-17 2020-01-21 Jtekt Corporation Heat treatment apparatus and heat treatment method
US11319605B2 (en) 2014-10-17 2022-05-03 Jtekt Corporation Heat treatment apparatus and heat treatment method
JP2018168433A (en) * 2017-03-30 2018-11-01 Ntn株式会社 Bearing part, rolling bearing, and process for production of bearing part
JP2018204949A (en) * 2017-05-30 2018-12-27 日本電信電話株式会社 Evaluation method for hydrogen embrittlement resistance characteristic of steel material
WO2023080064A1 (en) * 2021-11-04 2023-05-11 Ntn株式会社 Shaft member and rolling bearing

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