JP2006501167A - 骨発生の調節方法 - Google Patents
骨発生の調節方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006501167A JP2006501167A JP2004510828A JP2004510828A JP2006501167A JP 2006501167 A JP2006501167 A JP 2006501167A JP 2004510828 A JP2004510828 A JP 2004510828A JP 2004510828 A JP2004510828 A JP 2004510828A JP 2006501167 A JP2006501167 A JP 2006501167A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、骨発生を調節するための方法および組成物に関する。
腫瘍壊死因子-関連活性化-誘導サイトカイン(tumor necrosis factor-related activation-induced cytokine:TRANCE)、オステオプロテゲリンリガンド(osteoprotegerin ligand)(OPGL-本明細書中で用いる命名法)および破骨細胞分化因子(osteoclast differentiation factor:ODF)ともいう核因子-カッパBリガンドの受容体アクチベーター(receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand:RANKL)は、骨芽細胞および骨髄間質細胞で発現される膜貫通リガンドであって、T細胞によって生産される(1-4)。RANK、破骨細胞の分化、活性化および生存に活動的な破骨細胞受容体への結合に続き、M-CSFに由来するシグナルと共働する経路において、OPGLは破骨細胞形成を誘導する(CD98)(5、6)。骨芽細胞および骨髄間質細胞によっても生産されるOPG(または骨芽細胞阻害因子、OCIF)は膜貫通ドメインを欠き、OPGLに対するデコイ受容体として作用し、OPGLのRANKとの結合を競合的に阻害し、従って、骨代謝を調節する(7)。骨代謝の調節においてOPGL/OPGによって果たされる非常に重要な役割は、これらの分子の発現が改変されたマウスにおける骨格表現型の極端(骨粗鬆症対大理石骨病)の知見、およびヒトにおけるオステオプロテゲリン遺伝子での多形が骨粗鬆症骨折に関連するという最近の報告によって支持される(43)。骨芽細胞および間質細胞からのOPGおよびOPGLの分泌は、しばしば逆様式で多数のホルモンおよびサイトカインによって調節される(8)。
本発明者らは、CD200受容体(CD200R)またはCD200の可溶性形態に対するいずれかの抗体の存在下での骨髄間質細胞のインキュベーションは、増大した骨代謝の種々のマーカーについてのmRNAの発現を増大させたことを示した。結果は、1つの点において、CD200Rアゴニストが、骨吸収を媒介する破骨細胞の成長および増殖を阻害することを示す。従って、CD200:CD200Rシグナリングカスケードは骨細胞および組織の発生で影響を与え、CD200:CD200R相互作用の調節を用いて治療および他の目的で操作することができる。
(a)複合体の形成を可能とする条件下で、CD200受容体を発現する骨細胞および被検物質をインキュベートする工程、および
(b)CD200受容体および被検物質の複合体につき、遊離物質につき、および非複合体化CD200受容体につきアッセイする工程であって、前記複合体の存在は、被検物質がCD200受容体に結合することができることを示す工程
を含む、CD200受容体と結合する物質を同定する方法を提供する。
(a)CD200Rを発現する骨細胞と共に被検化合物をインキュベートする工程;および
(b)CD200受容体の活性または発現に対する前記化合物の効果を測定し、対照(すなわち、被検化合物の非存在下)と比較する工程であって、対照と比較したCD200受容体の活性または発現の変化が、被検化合物が骨発生を調節することができることを示す工程
を含む、CD200Rのアゴニストまたはアンタゴニストを同定するためのスクリーニングアッセイ法を含む。
I.骨発生の調節
先に述べたように、本発明者は、CD200の可溶性形態、およびCD200受容体(CD200R)に対する抗体の双方が、骨代謝に関与する分子の発現を改変する効果を有することを証明した。1つの点において、前記したCD200Rアゴニストは、破骨細胞形成に関連する遺伝子の発現を阻害する効果を有し、従って、骨の吸収を担う破骨細胞の成長および増殖を阻害するのに有用である。もう1つの点において、これらのCD200Rアゴニストは、新しい骨の形成を担う、骨芽細胞の成長および増殖に関連するマーカーの評価ももたらす。
CD200受容体を調節することができ、骨発生を調節することができるいずれの物質も本発明の方法および組成物で用いることができる。いくつかのCD200Rモジュレーターをさらに以下に記載する。
CD200タンパク質またはCD200受容体分子は、CD200受容体モジュレーターとして用いることができる。CD200タンパク質は、CD200受容体アゴニストとして作用し、他方、CD200Rタンパク質は、CD200受容体アンタゴニストとして作用することができる。CD200またはCD200Rタンパク質は公知の源から得ることができるか、あるいは組換えDNA技術を用いて調製することができる。(以前はOX-2として知られた)CD200の配列は、GenBankから得ることができる(ヒト、M17226、X0523;ラット、X01785;マウス、AF029214)。いくつかのCD200受容体の配列は、国際公開公報第00/70045号および国際公開公報第02/095030号で提供され、またGenBankから得ることもできる(NM170780、NM138940、NM138939、NM138806、NT005612、XM293600、NM010818、AF497550、AF497549、AF497548、AF495380)。
CD200またはCD200受容体タンパク質に対する抗体は、CD200受容体モジュレーターとして用いることができる。CD200に対する抗体は、受容体に結合するCD200の能力をブロックすることによってCD200受容体アンタゴニストとして作用することができる。CD200受容体に対する全抗体は、受容体を架橋させることによってCD200Rアゴニストとして作用することができ、他方、CD200受容体に対する抗体断片は、受容体に結合するCD200の能力をブロックすることによってCD200Rアンタゴニストとして作用することができる。
CD200またはCD200Rの発現および/または活性を調節することができるアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドもCD200受容体モジュレーターである。そのようなアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドはCD200受容体アンタゴニストとして作用することができる。
CD200またはCD200受容体タンパク質のペプチド模倣物は、CD200Rモジュレーターとして調製することもできる。そのようなペプチドは競合阻害剤、エンハンサー、ペプチド模倣物等を含むことができる。これらのペプチドならびにこれらのペプチドと実質的な相同な、相補的な、またはそうでなければそれと機能的にまたは構造的に同等な分子の全てを、本発明の目的で用いることができる。
また、本発明は、CD200受容体を調節し、かつ骨発生の調節において有用な物質を同定するためのスクリーニングアッセイ法も含む。調節する物質は、CD200受容体を刺激する物質(CD200Rアゴニスト)およびCD200受容体を阻害する物質(CD200Rアンタゴニスト)を含む。
(a)CD200受容体を発現する骨細胞と共に被検化合物をインキュベートする工程;および
(b)CD200受容体の活性または発現に対する前記化合物の効果を測定し、対照(被検化合物の非存在)と比較する工程であって、対照と比較したCD200受容体活性または発現の変化が、被検化合物が骨発生を調節することができることを示す工程
を含む骨発生を調節する化合物を同定する方法を提供する。
(a)CD200Rを発現する骨細胞と共に被検化合物をインキュベートする工程;および
(b)CD200Rを被検化合物が刺激するか否かを測定する工程であって、CD200Rの刺激は、被検化合物が骨発生を刺激することにおいて有用であり得るCD200Rアゴニストであることを示す工程
を含む、骨発生の刺激において有用なCD200Rアゴニストの同定方法を提供する。
(a)複合体の形成を可能とする条件下で、CD200受容体を発現する骨細胞および被検化合物をインキュベートする工程、および
(b)CD200受容体および被検化合物の複合体につき、遊離化合物につき、および非複合体化CD200受容体につきアッセイする工程であって、複合体の存在は、被検化合物がCD200受容体に結合することができることを示す工程
を含む、CD200受容体と結合する化合物を同定する方法を提供する。
(a)CD200受容体と共に被検化合物をインキュベートする工程;および
(b)被検化合物がCD200受容体を阻害するか否かを測定する工程であって、CD200Rの阻害は、前記化合物がCD200Rアンタゴニストであって、骨発生を阻害するのに有用であり得ることを示す工程
を含む、骨発生の阻害において有用なCD200受容体のアンタゴニストを同定するスクリーニングアッセイ法を提供する。
(a)CD200受容体を有する骨細胞と共に被検化合物をインキュベートする工程;
(b)CD200受容体アゴニストを添加する工程;および
(c)被検化合物が骨発生を調節するか否かを測定する工程
を含む、骨発生のモジュレーターを同定するスクリーニングアッセイ法を提供する。
(a)CD200受容体のモジュレーターを同定するための一つまたは複数のアッセイ系を提供する工程;
(b)工程(a)で同定されたモジュレーター、またはそのさらなるアナログを、動物における効率および毒性につき治療的プロファイリングを行う工程;および
(c)許容される治療的プロファイルを有するものとして工程(b)で同定された一つまたは複数のモジュレーターを含む薬学的製剤を処方する工程
を含む、薬物発見ビジネスを行う方法も提供する。
(a)CD200受容体のモジュレーターを同定するための一つまたは複数のアッセイ系を提供する工程;
(b)(任意で)工程(a)で同定されたモジュレーターの治療的プロファイリングを、動物における効率および毒性につき行う工程、および
(c)さらなる薬物開発および/または工程(a)で同定されたモジュレーター、またはそのアナログについての販売に対する権利を第三者にライセンスする工程
を含む、標的発見ビジネスを行う方法も提供する。
本発明は、CD200Rの一つまたは複数のモジュレーターを含有する薬学的組成物を含む。従って、本発明は、適当な希釈剤または担体と混合した、有効量のCD200Rモジュレーターを含む骨発生の調節において用いられる薬学的組成物を提供する。
実施例1
材料および方法
マウス:IL-1rまたはTNFαr(p55,75)の相同欠失(KO)によって構築されたマウスの繁殖動物対と共にC57BL/6マウスはJackson Laboratories,Bar Harbour、Maineから購入した。雄マウス(6〜8週齢)を全体を通じて細胞ドナーとして用いた。
血清サイトカインによる破骨細胞活性化についての骨培養におけるmRNA発現
予備実験において、本発明者は、(培養の最後の48時間における)LPS処理マウスの血清の存在下でのサイトカイン混合物での処理に続き、骨芽細胞先祖細胞MC3T3の存在下/非存在下で増殖させた骨髄間質細胞における骨代謝の調節に関連する分子の双方の定常状態mRNAレベルを調べた。これらの培養の上清におけるサイトカイン生産も評価した。
次に、発明者は、再度、LPS処理マウス(増大した破骨細胞活性を誘導することが知られているサイトカインの源-図1参照)からの血清を含む培養の最後の48時間の間に刺激された細胞と共に、CD200Fcまたは抗CD200R mAbの存在下/非存在下で増殖させた骨髄間質細胞における骨代謝の調節に関連する種々の分子およびサイトカインの定常状態mRNAレベルを評価した。サイトカイン、種々のより骨特異的なmRNA(例えば、BSP、OC、OPG等)は、内部標準として種々のmRNAの複合体を用い、ELISAまたはリアルタイムPCRによって材料および方法に記載したように定量した。3つのそのような実験のうちの1つにおけるmRNA発現についての比較データを図3および図4(各々、抗CD200R、CD200Fc)に示す。加えて、これらの同培養から上清を回収し、ELISAによって、IL-1、IL-6、TGFβ1、TNFαおよびMCP-1をアッセイした(図5および図6)。
図3および図4で記載した培養上清におけるサイトカイン/ケモカインタンパク質生産を分析するデータを図5および図6に示す(再度、3つの実験のうちの1つ)。
OPG:OPGLによる骨代謝/分化の調節について多数の最近の総説がある(6、24、25)。これらは、OPGを介するインビボでのOPGLでの阻害が、骨破壊および局所的骨吸収を減少させることを確認している。増加したOPG:OPGLの条件下では、TRAP mRNAはほとんど検出されず、これは、恐らくは、骨破壊が一般的には少なくとも部分的にOPGLによって活性化されたOCの作用によるという事実を反映する。今度は、これらのデータは、各々、OPG(OPGL)ノックアウトマウスからの証拠と合致し、これは、齧歯類におけるコラーゲン誘導関節炎モデルでの実験からの、(各々)大理石骨病/骨粗鬆症に対する増大した罹患性を示す。従って、後者の点において、Fc-オステオプロトゲリン融合タンパク質(Fc-OPG)をCIAの誘導に続いてラットに注入し、パラフィン包埋関節を、組織形態計測によって評価した隣接骨と共に組織学的に分析した。TRAP染色を用いてOCを同定し、OPGおよびRANKLについてのmRNAの発現をインサイチューハイブリダイザーションによって同定した。短期間Fc-OPGは、CIAの炎症局面に対してインパクトを有しないにもかかわらず、関節破壊を効果的に妨げ、関節炎関節において、OCの数は75%を超えて減少し、Fc-OPGによると、骨侵食スコアは60%を超えた(26)。
脚注:
a.データは培養された細胞(すなわち、MC3T3細胞を含む間質)、および(LPS処理マウス由来の血清、および+抗CD200RまたはCD200Fcの存在下/非存在下で刺激された)培養の条件をいう。
b.実験/データの詳細な記載を見出すことができる図面をいう。全ての場合、SD<25%である。
* 対照培養(LPS処理マウスからの血清無し)と比較してp<0.05。
Claims (17)
- 骨発生を調節するための、有効量のCD200受容体を調節する物質の使用。
- 骨発生を刺激するための、有効量のCD200受容体アゴニストの請求項1記載の使用。
- 前記CD200受容体アゴニストが、抗体、ペプチド模倣物、低分子、CD200タンパク質およびその断片、可溶性CD200、CD200受容体タンパク質およびその断片、ならびにその可溶性CD200受容体からなる群より選択される、請求項2記載の使用。
- 前記CD200受容体アゴニストがCD200タンパク質またはその断片である、請求項2記載の使用。
- 前記CD200受容体アゴニストがCD200受容体を架橋させる抗体である、請求項2記載の使用。
- 増大した破骨細胞形成または骨喪失に関連した状態または疾患の治療または予防のための、請求項2〜5のいずれか一項記載の使用。
- 前記骨喪失が、炎症性状態、感染、損傷、遺伝的障害および老化に関連する、請求項6記載の使用。
- 前記疾患または状態が、骨粗鬆症、骨形成不全、パジェット病、転移性骨癌、骨髄腫骨疾患、または骨折癒合である、請求項6または7記載の使用。
- 骨発生を阻害するための、有効量のCD200受容体アンタゴニストの、請求項1記載の使用。
- 前記アンタゴニストが、CD200受容体に対する抗体断片、低分子、ペプチド模倣物、ペプチドまたはアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドからなる群より選択される、請求項9記載の使用。
- 減少した破骨細胞形成または増加した骨質量に関連する疾患または状態の治療または予防のための、請求項9または10記載の使用。
- 前記疾患または状態が大理石骨病または線維性形成異常に関連する、請求項11記載の使用。
- (a)CD200受容体を発現する骨細胞と共に被検化合物をインキュベートする工程;および
(b)CD200受容体活性または発現に対する該化合物の効果を測定し、対照と比較する工程であって、対照と比較したCD200受容体の活性または発現の変化が、該被検化合物が骨発生を調節し得ることを示す工程
を含む、骨発生を調節する化合物を同定する方法。 - (a)CD200Rを発現する骨細胞と共に被検化合物をインキュベートする工程;および
(b)該被検化合物がCD200Rを刺激するか否かを測定する工程であって、該CD200Rの刺激が、該被検化合物が骨発生を刺激するのに有用であり得るCD200Rアゴニストであることを示す工程
を含む、骨発生を刺激するのに有用なCD200Rアゴニストを同定する方法。 - (a)CD200受容体と共に被検化合物をインキュベートする工程;および
(b)該被検化合物がCD200受容体を阻害するか否かを測定する工程であって、該CD200Rの阻害が、該化合物がCD200Rアンタゴニストであって、骨発生を阻害するのに有用であり得ることを示す工程
を含む、骨発生を阻害するのに有用なCD200受容体のアンタゴニストを同定する方法。 - (a)CD200受容体を有する骨細胞と共に被検化合物をインキュベートする工程;
(b)CD200受容体アゴニストを添加する工程;および
(c)該被検化合物が骨発生を調節するか否かを測定する工程
を含む、骨発生のモジュレーターを同定する方法。 - (a)複合体を形成させる条件下で、CD200受容体を発現する骨細胞および被検物質をインキュベートする工程;および
(b)CD200受容体および被検物質の複合体につき、遊離物質につき、および非複合体化CD200受容体につきアッセイする工程であって、該複合体の存在が、該被検物質がCD200受容体に結合することができることを示す工程
を含む、CD200受容体に結合する物質を同定する方法。
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US8647871B2 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2014-02-11 | Escape Therapeutics, Inc. | Endogenous expression of HLA-G and/or HLA-E by mesenchymal cells |
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