JP2006330059A - Liquid crystal device, manufacturing method for liquid crystal device, and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid crystal display device capable of preventing moisture absorption and water entry. <P>SOLUTION: The liquid crystal device 100 according to the present invention is constituted by holding liquid crystal 50 between a pair of mutually opposite substrates 10 and 20, and has a plurality of films, including conductive films 9 and 21 and alignment layers 40 and 60, formed on an internal surface side of at least one substrate and a water-repellent film 90, covering a flank of at least one of the substrates 10 and 20 and flanks of the plurality of films 9, 21, 40, and 60 continuously, formed on the flank of the substrate. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid crystal device, a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal device, and an electronic apparatus.

  A liquid crystal device used as a light modulation means mounted on a liquid crystal projector or the like or a direct-view display device mounted on a mobile phone or the like mainly includes a pair of substrates having electrodes for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal layer. Has been. A conductive film (pixel electrode, counter electrode, etc.) and an alignment film for controlling the initial alignment state of liquid crystal molecules are formed on each inner surface side of the pair of substrates constituting the liquid crystal device.

In a liquid crystal device, moisture absorption and moisture intrusion cause deterioration in quality. Therefore, there are techniques for performing a water repellent treatment on the surface of the alignment film or forming a film having water repellency on the surface of the alignment film.
JP 2002-202509 A

  In the technology of forming a water repellent film on the surface of the alignment film, the pretilt of the liquid crystal element is disturbed due to the non-uniformity of the water repellent film, or bubbles are generated in the liquid crystal layer due to contact with the water repellent film. May lead to problems such as.

  In addition, the water repellency of the alignment film may be reduced by light or heat used for curing the sealing material for bonding the pair of substrates.

  Further, since a plurality of films are usually formed on a pair of substrates, even if the surface of the alignment film is subjected to water repellent treatment, moisture absorption occurs from the side surfaces of the alignment film and other film surfaces. Water may intrude into the inside from the joint between the two films.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal device capable of preventing moisture absorption and moisture intrusion.

  The liquid crystal device of the present invention is a liquid crystal device in which liquid crystal is sandwiched between a pair of substrates facing each other, and a conductive film and an alignment film are disposed on the inner surface side of at least one of the pair of substrates. And a water repellent film that continuously covers a side surface of the substrate and a side surface of the plurality of films is formed on a side surface of at least one of the pair of substrates. It is characterized by.

According to the above-described liquid crystal device of the present invention, moisture absorption from the side surfaces of the plurality of films on the substrate is prevented by the water repellent film, and further, the bonding portion between the substrate and any of the plurality of films, and the plurality of films Since the joint portion is covered with the water-repellent film, moisture can be prevented from entering the inside from the joint portion.
Further, according to this liquid crystal device, it is possible to omit the water repellent treatment on the surface of the alignment film, and the influence on the liquid crystal element caused by forming the water repellent film on the surface of the alignment film (for example, disorder of pretilt, bubble Etc.) is avoided.
Furthermore, since the water-repellent film is formed after the pair of substrates are bonded together, it is possible to prevent the water repellency of the film from being lowered by light or heat when the sealing material is cured.

In the liquid crystal device of the present invention described above, a sealing material may be provided between the pair of substrates, and the water-repellent film may further cover a side surface of the sealing material.
According to this configuration, moisture absorption of the sealing material and intrusion of moisture from the joint portion between the sealing material and another film are prevented.

Further, in the liquid crystal device of the present invention described above, a polarizing plate and a dustproof plate are disposed on the outer surface side of at least one of the pair of substrates, and the water repellent film further includes: It can be set as the structure which covers each side surface of the said polarizing plate and the said dustproof board.
According to this configuration, moisture can be prevented from entering from the bonding portion between the substrate and the polarizing plate or the dustproof plate, and the bonding portion between the polarizing plate and the dustproof plate.

  The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal device according to the present invention includes a step of bonding a pair of substrates each having a plurality of films formed thereon, a step of disposing a liquid crystal between the pair of substrates, and a side surface of the pair of substrates sandwiching the liquid crystal And a step of forming a water repellent film continuously covering the side surface of the substrate and the side surfaces of the plurality of films.

  According to the manufacturing method of the present invention described above, the liquid crystal device of the present invention having excellent water repellency is provided since the entire side surface of the substrates is covered with the water repellent film after the pair of substrates are bonded together. Can be manufactured.

  In the liquid crystal device manufacturing method of the present invention described above, a method in which the water repellent film forming material is an organic water repellent material and / or an inorganic water repellent material can be employed.

  Moreover, the method of forming the said water-repellent film using a liquid phase method and / or a gaseous-phase method is employable.

  Moreover, in the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal device of the present invention described above, a method of performing an isotropic treatment of the liquid crystal using heat applied to the liquid crystal device in the water-repellent film forming step can be employed.

An electronic apparatus of the present invention includes the liquid crystal device of the present invention described above.
According to the electronic apparatus of the present invention, display quality can be improved.

(Liquid crystal device)
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal cell as an example of the liquid crystal device of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal cell 100 has a configuration in which a liquid crystal 50 (liquid crystal layer) is sandwiched between a pair of substrates 10 and 20 facing each other. A translucent conductive film 9 (pixel electrode) and an alignment film 40 are sequentially disposed on the inner surface side (opposing surface side) of the substrate 10. On the other hand, a translucent conductive film 21 (common electrode, counter electrode) and an alignment film 60 are sequentially formed on the inner surface side (opposing surface side) of the substrate 20.

  The substrate 10 and the substrate 20 are bonded together by a sealing material 52, and the liquid crystal 50 is sealed and held in a region partitioned by the sealing material 52. For example, the sealing material 52 is provided with a liquid crystal injection port for injecting liquid crystal after the substrate 10 and the substrate 20 are bonded together.

  As the conductive films 9 and 21, for example, an indium oxide film (ITO film) doped with tin is used. In addition, various known conductive films having translucency and conductivity, such as an IZO film and an FTO film, can be applied. In the case where translucency is not required, various known conductive films having excellent conductivity can be applied. The ITO film can be formed by an evaporation method, a sputtering method, a baking method (also referred to as a coating pyrolysis method), or the like.

  In order to form an ITO film by using the sputtering method, an ITO transparent conductive film made of indium oxide and tin oxide is set to a predetermined film thickness (for example, 0.8 mm) by setting the substrate surface temperature to a predetermined temperature (for example, 200 ° C.). A film is formed to a thickness of 05 μm to 10 μm, and heat treatment is performed while maintaining a predetermined temperature (for example, 200 ° C. to 250 ° C.) for a certain time (for example, 60 minutes). Thereafter, patterning is performed in a desired planar shape by photolithography as necessary.

  In order to form the ITO film using the firing method, a liquid material of the ITO film is placed on the substrate, and the film is heat-treated. Formation of a conductive film using a liquid phase method is advantageous in reducing manufacturing costs. As an arrangement technique of the liquid material, an inkjet method, a Cap coating method, a spin coating method, or the like can be used. By using an organic solvent in which an organic compound of indium and an organic compound of tin are dissolved in the presence of an organic amine as the liquid material, firing at a relatively low temperature (for example, 250 ° C. or less) becomes possible. Further, after a fine particle film containing light-transmitting conductive fine particles is formed on a substrate, an organic solvent in which the light-transmitting conductive fine particles are dissolved is infiltrated into the fine particle film, and then the film is subjected to heat treatment (firing). ), A light-transmitting conductive film having excellent conductivity can be obtained even when the firing temperature is relatively low (for example, 250 ° C. or lower).

  As the alignment films 40 and 60, either an organic alignment film or an inorganic alignment film can be applied. The organic alignment film can be formed, for example, by performing an alignment process such as rubbing on the surface of a polymer film such as polyimide. The inorganic alignment film has higher light resistance and heat resistance than the organic alignment film. After forming an inorganic film such as SiO2 by vapor deposition or sputtering, the surface of the inorganic film is irradiated with an ion beam or particle beam. It can be formed by performing an alignment treatment. Alternatively, the inorganic alignment film can be formed by a so-called oblique vapor deposition method in which an inorganic material is incident on the substrate obliquely to form a film having an oblique columnar structure.

  Here, a water repellent film 90 is formed on the side surface of the liquid crystal cell 100 of this example. That is, the water-repellent film 90 is disposed so as to cover each side surface (end surface) of the substrates 10 and 20, the conductive films 9 and 21, the alignment films 40 and 60, and the sealing material 52 continuously and over the entire circumference. Yes. The water repellent film 90 has a function of showing incompatibility with water and a function of shielding the passage of water. In the liquid crystal cell 100 of this example, the water repellent film 90 prevents moisture absorption from the respective side surfaces of the conductive films 9 and 21, the alignment films 40 and 60, and the sealing material 52. 9 and 21, the junction between the conductive films 9 and 21 and the alignment films 40 and 60, and the junction between the alignment films 40 and 60 and the sealing material 52 are covered with the water repellent film 90. Intrusion of moisture into the inside of the apparatus from these joint portions is prevented.

  Further, according to the liquid crystal cell 100 of the present example, it is possible to omit the water repellent treatment on the surfaces of the alignment films 40 and 60, and the liquid crystal element generated by forming the water repellent film 90 on the surfaces of the alignment films 40 and 60. (For example, pretilt disturbance due to non-uniformity of the water-repellent film 90, generation of bubbles in the liquid crystal layer 50 due to contact with the water-repellent film 90) can be avoided. Furthermore, since the water-repellent film 90 is formed after the pair of substrates 10 and 20 are bonded together, it is possible to prevent the water repellency of the film 90 from being lowered by light and heat when the sealing material 52 is cured. .

  As a material for forming the water repellent film 90, an organic water repellent material, an inorganic water repellent material, or the like is used. As a method for forming the water repellent film 90, various vapor phase film forming methods such as CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method, vapor deposition method, molecular beam vapor deposition method (MB), sputtering method, PVD method, immersion method (dip coating), Various known film forming methods such as a coating method such as a spin coating method, a spray coating method, and a roll coating method, various printing methods, a transfer method, and an ink jet method can be employed. Of these, two or more methods may be combined.

As an example of a method for forming the water repellent film 90, a method for forming an organic thin film will be described.
In the method of forming an organic thin film, an organic thin film is formed on a substrate surface from organic molecules such as a silane compound and a surfactant. Organic molecules for treating the surface of the substrate modify the surface properties of the substrate, for example, functional groups that can be physically or chemically bonded to the substrate, and lyophilic or lyophobic groups on the opposite side. Functional group (controlling the surface energy), and is bonded to the substrate to form an organic thin film, ideally a monomolecular film. Among them, an organic molecule in which an organic structure that connects a functional group that can bind to a base material and a functional group that modifies the surface of the opposite base material is a linear or partially branched carbon chain of carbon is a group. Bond to the material and self-assemble to form a dense self-assembled film.

  The self-assembled film is composed of a binding functional group capable of reacting with the constituent atoms of the base material and other straight chain, and van der Waals interaction between the straight chain sites and π− between the aromatic rings. It is a film formed by orienting a compound having extremely high orientation by π stacking. Since the organic thin film is formed by aligning single molecules, the film thickness can be extremely reduced, and the film is uniform at the molecular level. That is, since the same molecule is located on the surface of the film, it is possible to impart uniform and excellent water repellency to the surface of the film.

As the compound having high orientation, for example, a silane compound represented by the following general formula (1) can be used. In Formula (1), R ¹ represents an organic group, X ¹ and X ² represent —OR ² , —R ² , —Cl, and R ² contained in X ¹ and X ₂ has 1 to 4 carbon atoms. And a is an integer of 1 to 3.

R ¹ SiX ¹ _a X ² _(3-a) (1)

In the silane compound represented by the general formula (1), an organic group is substituted on the silane atom, and an alkoxy group, an alkyl group, or a chlorine group is substituted on the remaining bonding group. Examples of the organic group R ¹ include, for example, phenyl group, benzyl group, phenethyl group, hydroxyphenyl group, chlorophenyl group, aminophenyl group, naphthyl group, anthrenyl group, pyrenyl group, thienyl group, pyrrolyl group, cyclohexyl group, cyclohexane Hexenyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, pyridinyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, octadecyl, n- Octyl group, chloromethyl group, methoxyethyl group, hydroxyethyl group, aminoethyl group, cyano group, mercaptopropyl group, vinyl group, allyl group, acryloxyethyl group, methacryloxyethyl group, glycidoxypropyl group, acetoxy group Etc. can be illustrated.
X ¹ is a functional group for forming an alkoxy group, a chlorine group, a Si—O—Si bond, or the like, and is hydrolyzed by water to be removed as an alcohol or an acid. Examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, an n-butoxy group, an isobutoxy group, a sec-butoxy group, and a tert-butoxy group.
The number of carbon atoms of R ² is preferably in the range of 1 to 4 from the viewpoint that the molecular weight of the alcohol to be desorbed is relatively small, can be easily removed, and the deterioration of the denseness of the formed film can be suppressed.

A typical water-repellent silane compound represented by the general formula (1) includes a fluorine-containing alkylsilane compound. In particular, R ¹ has a structure represented by the perfluoroalkyl structure C _n F _{2n + 1} , and examples thereof include compounds represented by the general formula (2). In formula (2), n represents an integer from 1 to 18, m represents an integer from 2 to 6, and X ^1, X ² and a represent the same meaning as in the above formula (1).
By using a fluorine-containing alkylsilane compound, each compound is oriented so that the fluoroalkyl group is located on the surface of the film, and a self-assembled film is formed, so that uniform water repellency is imparted to the surface of the film Can do.

_{C n F 2n + 1 (CH} 2) m SiX 1 a X 2 (3-a) ... (2)

More specifically, CF ₃ —CH ₂ CH ₂ —Si (OCH ₃ ) ₃ , CF ₃ (CF ₂ ) ₃ —CH ₂ CH ₂ —Si (OCH ₃ ) ₃ , CF ₃ (CF ₂ ) ₅ —CH ₂ CH ₂ —Si (OCH ₃ ) ₃ , CF ₃ (CF ₂ ) ₅ —CH ₂ CH ₂ —Si (OC ₂ H ₅ ) ₃ , CF ₃ (CF ₂ ) ₇ —CH ₂ CH ₂ —Si (OCH ₃₎ ) ₃ , CF ₃ (CF ₂ ) ₁₁ —CH ₂ CH ₂ —Si (OC ₂ H ₅ ) ₃ , CF ₃ (CF ₂ ) ₃ —CH ₂ CH ₂ —Si (CH ₃ ) (OCH ₃ ) ₂ , CF _{3 (CF 2) 7 -CH 2} CH 2 -Si (CH 3) (OCH 3) 2, CF 3 (CF 2) 8 -CH 2 CH 2 -Si (CH 3) (OC 2 H 5) 2, CF ₃ (CF ₂ ) ₈ —CH ₂ CH ₂ —Si (C ₂ H ₅ ) (OC ₂ H ₅ ) _{2 and the} like.

Further, ^{R 1} Gapa - also may be mentioned those having a fluoroalkyl ether structure _{C n F 2n + 1 O p} F 2p O r represented by the structure. Specific examples thereof include a compound represented by the following general formula (3).

_{C p F 2p + 1 O (} C p F 2p O) r (CH 2) m SiX 1 a X 2 (3-a) ... (3)

In the formula (3), m represents an integer of 2 to 6, p represents an integer of 1 to 4, r represents an integer of 1 to 10, and X ^1, X ² and a have the same meaning as described above. To express.
Specific examples of the compound include CF ₃ O (CF ₂ O) ₆ —CH ₂ CH ₂ —Si (OC ₂ H ₅ ) ₃ , CF ₃ O (C ₃ F ₆ O) ₄ —CH ₂ CH ₂ —. _{Si (OCH 3) 3, CF} 3 O (C 3 F 6 O) 2 (CF 2 O) 3 -CH 2 CH 2 -Si (OCH 3) 3, CF 3 O (C 3 F 6 O) 8 -CH ₂ CH ₂ —Si (OCH ₃ ) ₃ , CF ₃ O (C ₄ F ₉ O) ₅ —CH ₂ CH ₂ —Si (OCH ₃ ) ₃ , CF ₃ O (C ₄ F ₉ O) ₅ —CH ₂ CH _{2 -Si (CH 3) (OC} 2 H 5) 2, CF 3 O (C 3 F 6 O) 4 -CH 2 CH 2 -Si (C 2 H 5) (OCH 3) 2 , and the like.

  Silane compounds having a fluoroalkyl group or a perfluoroalkyl ether structure are collectively referred to as “FAS”. These compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In addition, by using FAS, adhesiveness with a base material and favorable water repellency can be obtained.

As the compound having high orientation, a surfactant represented by the following general formula (4) can also be used. In Formula (4), R ¹ represents a hydrophobic organic group, Y ¹ represents a hydrophilic polar group, —OH, — (CH 2 CH 2 O) nH, —COOH, —COOA, —CONH 2, —SO 3 H, —SO 3 A, -OSO3H, -OSO3A, -PO3H2, -PO3A, -NO2, -NH2, -NH3B ( ammonium salt), ≡NHB (pyridinium salt), - a ^NX ₁ 3 B (alkylammonium salts) and the like. However, A represents one or more cations, and B represents one or more anions. X ¹ represents the same alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms as described above.

R ¹ Y ¹ (4)

The surfactant represented by the general formula (4) is an amphiphilic compound, and is a compound in which a hydrophilic functional group is bonded to an oleophilic organic group R ¹ . Y ¹ represents a hydrophilic polar group, which is a functional group for bonding or adsorbing to the base material, and the organic group R ¹ has lipophilicity and is arranged on the opposite side of the hydrophilic surface so as to be on the hydrophilic surface. A lipophilic surface is formed. Examples of the organic group R ¹ include, for example, phenyl group, benzyl group, phenethyl group, hydroxyphenyl group, chlorophenyl group, aminophenyl group, naphthyl group, anthrenyl group, pyrenyl group, thienyl group, pyrrolyl group, cyclohexyl group, cyclohexane Hexenyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, pyridinyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, octadecyl, n- Octyl group, chloromethyl group, methoxyethyl group, hydroxyethyl group, aminoethyl group, cyano group, mercaptopropyl group, vinyl group, allyl group, acryloxyethyl group, methacryloxyethyl group, glycidoxypropyl group, acetoxy group Etc. can be illustrated.

A typical water-repellent surfactant represented by the general formula (4) includes a compound having a fluorine-containing alkyl structure. In particular, those having a structure in which R ¹ is represented by the perfluoroalkyl structure C _n F _{2n + 1} are useful. More _{specifically, F (CF 2 CF 2)} 1-7 -CH 2 CH 2 -N + (CH 3) 3 Cl -, C 8 F 17 SO 2 NHC 3 H 6 -N + (CH 3), _{F (CF 2 CF 2) 1-7} -CH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 -CO 2 - Li +, C 8 F 17 SO 2 N (C 2 H 5) -CO 2 - K +, (F (CF _{2 CF 2) 1-7) CH 2} CH 2 O) 1,2 PO (O - NH 4 +) 1,2, C 10 F 21 SO 3 - NH 4 +, C 6 F 13 CH 2 CH 2 SO 3 _{H, C 6 F 13 CH 2} CH 2 SO 3 - NH 4 +, C 8 F 17 SO 2 N (C 2 H 5) - (CH 2 CH 2 O) 0-25 H, C 8 F 17 SO 2 N _{(C 2 H 5) - (} CH 2 CH 2 O) 0-25 CH 3, F (CF 2 C _{2) 1-7 -CH 2 CH 2 O-} (CH 2 CH 2 O) 0-25 H and the like.

  The surfactant having a fluoroalkyl group may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In addition, adhesiveness with a base material and favorable water repellency can be obtained by using the surfactant which has a fluoroalkyl group.

Furthermore, the alkyl structure which does not contain a fluorine may be sufficient, and water repellency can be obtained by forming a precise | minute film | membrane also in general surfactant. Specific surfactants include n-decyltrimethylammonium chloride, n-decyltrimethylammonium bromide, n-dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, n-dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, n-hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, n-hexadecyltrimethyl. Ammonium bromide, n-octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, n-octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, di-n-dodecyldimethylammonium chloride, di-n-dodecyldimethylammonium bromide, n-decylpyridinium chloride, n-decylpyridinium bromide, n-dodecyl Pyridinium chloride, n-dodecylpyridinium bromide, n-dodecylpyridinium Iodide, n-tetradecylpyridinium chloride, n-tetradecylpyridinium bromide, n-hexadecylpyridinium chloride, n-hexadecylpyridinium bromide, n-hexadecylpyridinium iodide, n-octadecylpyridinium chloride, n-octadecylpyridinium bromide, n-dodecylpicolinium chloride, n-dodecylpicolinium bromide, n-octadecylpicolinium chloride, n-octadecylpicolinium bromide, n-octadecylpicolinium iodide, N, N'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride N, N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dibromide, N, N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium bis (methylsulfay ), N, N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium bis (р-toluenesulfonate), N, N′-di (n-propyl) -4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride, N, N′-di ( n-propyl) -4,4′-bipyridinium dibromide, N, N′-di (n-propyl) -4,4′-bipyridinium bis (р-toluenesulfonate), N, N′-dibenzyl-4,4 '-Bipyridinium dichloride, N, N'-dibenzyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dibromide, N, N'-dibenzyl-4,4'-bipyridinium diiodide, N, N'-dibenzyl-4,4'- Bipyridinium bis (р-toluenesulfonate), N, N′-diphenyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride, N, N′-diphenyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dibromide, N, N′-bis (3-sulfonatepropyl) -4,4′-bipyridinium, 1,3-bispropanetetrachloride, 1,3-bispropanetetrabromide, 1,3-bispropanetetrachloride, 1,3-bis Propane tetrabromide, 1,4-bisbutanetetrachloride, 1,4-bisbutanetetrabromide, 1,4-bisbutanetetrachloride, 1,4-bisbutanetetrabromide, α, α'-bis-o-xylene Tetrachloride, α, α'-bis-o-xylene tetrabromide, α, α'-bis-o-xylene tetrachloride, α, α'-bis-o-xylene tetrabromide, α, α'-bis-m -Xylene tetrachloride, α, α'-bis-m-xylene tetrabromide, α, α'-bis-m-xylene tetrachloride, α, '-Bis-m-xylene tetrabromide, α, α'-bis-p-xylene tetrachloride, α, α'-bis-p-xylene tetrabromide, α, α'-bis-p-xylene tetrachloride, α , Α′-bis-p-xylenetetrabromide, Nn-dodecyl-N′-methyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride, Nn-dodecyl-N′-methyl-4,4′-bipyridinium bromide ion Dido, Nn-dodecyl-N′-methyl-4,4′-bipyridinium bromide methyl sulfate, Nn-dodecyl-N′-benzyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride, Nn-dodecyl-N '-Benzyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dibromide, Nn-dodecyl-N'-benzyl-4,4'-bipyridinium chloride bromide, Nn- Xadecyl-N′-methyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride, Nn-hexadecyl-N′-methyl-4,4′-bipyridinium bromide iodide, Nn-hexadecyl-N′-methyl-4,4 '-Bipyridinium bromide methyl sulfate, Nn-hexadecyl-N'-benzyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride, Nn-hexadecyl-N'-benzyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dibromide, Nn -Octadecyl-N'-methyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride, Nn-octadecyl-N'-methyl-4,4'-bipyridinium bromide iodide, Nn-octadecyl-N'-methyl-4, 4′-bipyridinium bromide methyl sulfate, Nn-octadecyl-N′-benzyl-4, 4′-bi Lidinium dibromide, N, N′-di-n-dodecyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride, N, N′-di-n-dodecyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dibromide, N, N′-di- n-hexadecyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride, N, N′-di-n-hexadecyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dibromide, 1,3-bispropanetetrachloride, 1,3-bispropane tetrabromide, 1,4-bisbutane tetrabromide, 1,6-bishexanetetrabromide, 1,3-bispropane tetrabromide, 1,4-bisbutane tetrabromide, 1,6-bishexanetetrabromide, α, α'-bis- o-xylene tetrachloride, α, α'-bis-o-xylene tetrabromide, α, α'-bis-m-xylene tetrac Ride, α, α′-bis-m-xylene tetrabromide, α, α′-bis-p-xylene tetrachloride, α, α′-bis-p-xylene tetrabromide, α, α′-bis-o- Xylene tetrachloride, α, α'-bis-o-xylene tetrabromide, α, α'-bis-m-xylene tetrachloride, α, α'-bis-m-xylene tetrabromide, α, α'-bis- p-xylene tetrachloride, α, α'-bis-p-xylene tetrabromide, cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylamide, cyclohexyl methacrylamide, N-cyclohexyl-N-methyl acrylamide, N-cyclohexyl-N-methyl methacrylamide , Cyclohexylmethyl acrylate, cyclohexylmethyl Methacrylate, cyclohexylmethylacrylamide, cyclohexylmethylmethacrylamide, N-cyclohexylmethyl-N-methylacrylamide, N-cyclohexylmethyl-N-methylmethacrylamide, phenylacrylate, phenylmethacrylate, phenylacrylamide, phenylmethacrylamide, N-methyl-N -Phenylacrylamide, N-methyl-N-phenylmethacrylamide, benzyl acrylate, benzyl methacrylate, benzylacrylamide, benzylmethacrylamide, N-benzyl-N-methylacrylamide, N-benzyl-N-methylmethacrylamide, 1-norbol Nyl acrylate, 1-norbornyl methacrylate, 1-norbornyl acrylamide, 1-norbornyl meta Kurylamide, N-methyl-N- (1-norbornyl) acrylamide, N-methyl-N- (1-norbornyl) methacrylamide, cyclooctyl acrylate, cyclooctyl methacrylate, cyclooctylacrylamide, cyclooctylmethacrylamide, N-cyclooctyl -N-methyl acrylamide, N-cyclooctyl-N-methyl methacrylamide, adamantyl acrylate, adamantyl methacrylate, adamantyl acrylamide, adamantyl methacrylamide, N-adamantyl-N-methyl acrylamide, N-adamantyl-N-methyl methacrylamide, 1 -Naphtyl acrylate, 1-naphthyl methacrylate, 1-naphthyl acrylamide, 1-naphthyl methacrylamide, N-methyl-N- ( -Naphthyl) acrylamide, N-methyl-N- (1-naphthyl) methacrylamide, 2-naphthyl acrylate, 2-naphthyl methacrylate, 2-naphthylacrylamide, 2-naphthylmethacrylamide, N-methyl-N- (2-naphthyl) ) Acrylamide, N-methyl-N- (2-naphthyl) methacrylamide, n-dodecyl acrylate, n-dodecyl methacrylate, n-dodecyl acrylamide, n-dodecyl methacrylamide, Nn-dodecyl-N-methyl acrylamide, N -N-dodecyl-N-methyl methacrylamide, cyclododecyl acrylate, cyclododecyl methacrylate, cyclododecyl acrylamide, cyclododecyl methacrylamide, N-cyclododecyl-N-methyl acrylamide, N-cycl Dodecyl-N-methylmethacrylamide, n-hexadecyl acrylate, n-hexadecyl methacrylate, n-hexadecylacrylamide, n-hexadecylmethacrylamide, Nn-hexadecyl-N-methylacrylamide, Nn-hexadecyl- N-methyl methacrylamide, n-octadecyl acrylate, n-octadecyl methacrylate, n-octadecyl acrylamide, n-octadecyl methacrylamide, Nn-octadecyl-N-methyl acrylamide, Nn-octadecyl-N-methyl methacrylamide, Di-n-octylacrylamide, di-n-octylmethacrylamide, di-n-decylacrylamide, di-n-decylmethacrylamide, di-n-dodecylacrylamide, di-n-dodecyl Methacrylamide, 9-anthracene methyl acrylate, 9-anthracene methyl methacrylate, 9-anthracene methyl acrylamide, 9-anthracene methyl methacrylamide, 9-phenanthrene methyl acrylate, 9-phenanthrene methyl methacrylate, 9-phenanthrene methyl acrylamide, 9-phenanthrene methyl acrylamide Methacrylamide, N-methyl-N- (9-phenanthrenemethyl) acrylamide, N-methyl-N- (9-phenanthrenemethyl) methacrylamide, 1-pyrenemethyl acrylate, 1-pyrenemethyl methacrylate, 1-pyrenemethylacrylamide, 1-pyrenemethylmethacrylamide, N-methyl-N- (1-pyrenemethyl) acrylamide, N-methyl-N- (1-pyrenemethyl Methacrylamide, 4-acryloyloxymethyl phthalocyanine, and the like.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the organic thin film composed of organic molecules such as a silane compound and a surfactant is sealed in the same container 102 by sealing the raw material compound 101 and the substrate 100 (liquid crystal cell). It is formed on the base material 100 by leaving it still according to temperature. By heating the entire container, the time required for forming the organic thin film on the substrate can be shortened. The self-assembled film can be formed not only from the gas phase but also from the liquid phase. For example, the self-assembled film can be formed on the base material by immersing the base material in a solution containing the raw material compound, washing and drying.

  In addition, when organic thin film is partially formed on the substrate, such as the side of the substrate, the unnecessary portion is masked or the thin film is formed on the entire surface of the substrate, and then the unnecessary portion is removed. Good. The organic thin film may have a certain thickness, and the thickness is preferably 1 to 10 layers of organic molecules. In addition, before forming the self-assembled film, it is desirable that the base material surface is pretreated by irradiating with ultraviolet light or cleaning with plasma treatment, acid or alkali solution.

Next, a CVD method (plasma CVD) will be described as another example of the method for forming the water repellent film 90.
Plasma CVD is a method in which a gaseous raw material is brought into a plasma state by discharge, active radicals and ions are generated, and a film is formed on a substrate at a low temperature. Electromagnetic waves are used for discharge, and high frequency discharge and microwave discharge are frequently used. Various types of gas used for the plasma treatment can be selected in consideration of the surface material of the substrate. As the processing gas, a fluorocarbon-based compound can be preferably used, and examples thereof include tetrafluoromethane, perfluorohexane, and perfluorodecane.

  FIG. 3 shows an example of a plasma CVD apparatus. This CVD apparatus is of an inductive coupling type, and has a gas discharge unit 105 that discharges a gaseous raw material activated by discharge, and a mounting unit 106 on which a substrate 100 (liquid crystal cell) is mounted. Yes. Then, when the water-repellent gaseous raw material reaches the substrate 100, a water-repellent film is formed on the surface of the substrate 100. As shown in FIG. 3, the rotation angle of the substrate 100 is changed continuously or intermittently by the drive unit 107, and the location of the substrate 100 facing the gas discharge unit 105 is changed, thereby changing the substrate A water repellent film can be uniformly and reliably formed on all the 100 side surfaces. Note that, if necessary, it is preferable to mask a portion that does not require film formation or to remove an unnecessary portion after forming a thin film on the entire surface of the base material.

Next, as another example of the method for forming the water repellent film 90, a method for applying a water repellent polymer compound to the substrate surface will be described.
FIG. 4 shows an example of an immersion apparatus. This dipping apparatus includes a raw material liquid storage tank 108 and a transport unit 109 that transports the base material 100 (liquid crystal cell). A water repellent film can be formed on the surface of the substrate 100 by pulling up the substrate 100 after immersing the substrate 100 in the raw material liquid in the storage tank 108 by the transport unit 109. Note that, if necessary, it is preferable to mask a portion that does not require film formation or to remove an unnecessary portion after forming a thin film on the entire surface of the base material.

  For example, a water-repellent film can be formed by applying a fluorine-containing polyimide resin or the like on a substrate. The water-repellent polymer compound is not limited to the polyimide resin, and a monomer, oligomer or polymer containing a fluorine atom in the molecule can be used. Specifically, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ethylene- Tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, hexafluoropropylene-4-fluoroethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), poly (pentadecafluoroheptylethyl methacrylate) (PPFMA), poly (perfluorooctylethyl acrylate), etc. Examples thereof include ethylene, acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl, urethane and silicone polymers having a long-chain perfluoroalkyl structure.

  The treatment for forming the water repellent film on the surface of the substrate may be performed by sticking a film having a desired water repellency, such as a polyimide film processed with tetrafluoroethylene, to the surface of the substrate. .

  In the method of forming the water repellent film 90 described above, the substrate 100 (liquid crystal cell) is heated as necessary. For example, heating for drying and / or curing of the water-repellent film 90, or a temperature increase associated with CVD can be given. By using the heat applied to the liquid crystal cell 100 in the process of forming the water repellent film 90, the liquid crystal cell 100 is simplified by performing an isotropic treatment of the liquid crystal. That is, the temperature rise of the liquid crystal cell 100 due to the formation of the water repellent film 90 after the assembly of the liquid crystal cell 100 instead of performing the isotropic treatment of the liquid crystal after the assembly of the liquid crystal cell 100 and before the formation of the water repellent film 90. The liquid crystal isotropically processed using The heat treatment temperature is preferably within a range that does not deteriorate the characteristics of the liquid crystal cell 100, and is, for example, 80 ° C to 150 ° C.

5, 6 and 7 show a modification of FIG.
The liquid crystal device (liquid crystal cell 120) of FIG. 5 has a configuration in which a liquid crystal 50 (liquid crystal layer) is sandwiched between a pair of substrates 10 and 20 facing each other, as in FIG. A light-transmitting conductive film 9 (pixel electrode) and an alignment film 40 are sequentially disposed on the inner surface side (opposing surface side) of the other substrate 20. The conductive film 21 (common electrode, counter electrode) and the alignment film 60 are sequentially formed. Further, unlike the liquid crystal cell 100 in FIG. 5, a water repellent film 90 is formed on the entire outer surface of the liquid crystal cell 120.

  That is, in the liquid crystal cell 120 of FIG. 5, the water repellent film 90 covers the outer surfaces of the substrates 10 and 20 in addition to the side surfaces of the substrates 10 and 20, the conductive films 9 and 21, the alignment films 40 and 60, and the sealing material 52. It arrange | positions so that it may cover continuously and the whole region. In the liquid crystal cell 120 of this example, as in FIG. 1, the water repellent film 90 prevents moisture absorption from the side surfaces of the conductive films 9, 21, the alignment films 40, 60, and the sealing material 52, and the substrate 10, 20 and the conductive films 9, 21, the conductive films 9, 21 and the alignment films 40, 60, and the alignment films 40, 60 and the sealing material 52 are bonded to the water repellent film, respectively. Since it is covered with 90, the intrusion of moisture into the inside of the apparatus from those joint portions is prevented. Further, in the liquid crystal cell 120 of the present example, the formation of the water repellent film 90 is easy because partial film formation is unnecessary.

  Next, unlike the liquid crystal device (liquid crystal panel 130) of FIG. 6, polarizing plates 45 and 65 and dustproof plates 46 and 66 are disposed on the outer surface side of the substrates 10 and 20, and polarized light is polarized. A water repellent film 90 is formed to further cover the side surfaces of the plates 45 and 65 and the side surfaces of the dustproof plates 46 and 66. That is, the water repellent film 90 is formed on the side surfaces of the polarizing plates 45 and 65 and the dustproof plates 46 and 66 in addition to the side surfaces of the substrates 10 and 20, the conductive films 9 and 21, the alignment films 40 and 60, and the sealing material 52. Are arranged continuously and over the entire circumference. And in the liquid crystal panel 130 of this example, the junction part of the board | substrates 10 and 20 and the electrically conductive films 9 and 21, the junction part of the electrically conductive films 9 and 21 and the orientation films 40 and 60, and the orientation films 40 and 60, and a sealing material In addition to the bonding portion with 52, the bonding portion between the substrates 10 and 20 and the polarizing plates 45 and 65 and the bonding portion between the polarizing plates 45 and 65 and the dustproof plates 46 and 66 are covered with the water repellent film 90, respectively. Intrusion of moisture into the inside of the apparatus from these joint portions is prevented.

  Next, unlike the liquid crystal device (liquid crystal panel 140) in FIG. 7, the water repellent film 90 is formed on all the outer surfaces of the liquid crystal panel 140 including the polarizing plates 45 and 65 and the dustproof plates 46 and 66. ing.

  That is, in the liquid crystal panel 140 of FIG. 7, the water repellent film 90 includes the substrates 10 and 20, the conductive films 9 and 21, the alignment films 40 and 60, the sealing material 52, the polarizing plates 45 and 65, and the dustproof plates 46 and 66. In addition to the side surfaces, the outer surfaces of the dustproof plates 46 and 66 are disposed continuously and over the entire area. In the liquid crystal panel 140 of this example, the junction between the substrates 10 and 20 and the conductive films 9 and 21, the junction between the conductive films 9 and 21 and the alignment films 40 and 60, and the alignment films 40 and 60 and the sealing material are used. In addition to the bonding portion with 52, the bonding portion between the substrates 10 and 20 and the polarizing plates 45 and 65 and the bonding portion between the polarizing plates 45 and 65 and the dustproof plates 46 and 66 are covered with the water repellent film 90, respectively. In addition, the infiltration of moisture into the inside of the apparatus from these joint portions is prevented, and the formation of the water-repellent film 90 is easy because partial film formation is unnecessary.

  Next, in the liquid crystal device (liquid crystal cell 150) of FIG. 8, each of the water repellent film 90 includes the substrates 10 and 20, the conductive films 9 and 21, the alignment films 40 and 60, and the sealing material 52, as in FIG. It is arrange | positioned so that a side surface may be covered continuously and over the whole region. 8 is different from FIG. 1 in that the side surface of the sealing material 52 is located inward compared to the side surfaces of the substrates 10 and 20, and the water repellent film 90 is continuously formed along the step. Has been.

  That is, in the liquid crystal cell 150 of FIG. 8, the side surface of the sealing material 52 is recessed compared to the side surfaces of the substrates 10 and 20, and in addition to the side surfaces of the substrates 10 and 20, the conductive films 9 and 21, and the alignment films 40 and 60. The concave portion is filled with a water repellent film 90. Further, with respect to the film thickness of the water repellent film 90, the side surface position of the sealing material 52 is thicker than the side surface positions of the substrates 10 and 20, the conductive films 9 and 21, and the alignment films 40 and 60. In the liquid crystal cell 150 of this example, moisture absorption of the portion covered with the thick water-repellent film 90, that is, the side surface of the alignment film 40.60 and the bonding portion between the conductive films 9, 21 and the alignment films 40, 60 is performed. Alternatively, the intrusion of moisture is more reliably prevented. Further, in the liquid crystal cell 150 of this example, a step is formed on one surface of the water repellent film 90, and the step portion is engaged with the side surface of the liquid crystal cell 150, so that the adhesion of the water repellent film 90 is improved. Is planned.

Next, a specific configuration example of the liquid crystal device of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the overall structure of the liquid crystal device of this embodiment. FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of the liquid crystal device of FIG. FIG. 11 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing switching elements, signal lines, and the like in a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix constituting the image display area of the liquid crystal device of this embodiment.

  As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, in this liquid crystal device (transmission type liquid crystal cell 150), the TFT array substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 are bonded together by a sealing material 52, and the region separated by the sealing material 52 is included. Liquid crystal 50 is enclosed and held. The sealing material 52 is formed with a liquid crystal injection port 55 for injecting liquid crystal after the TFT array substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 are bonded together at the time of manufacturing. The liquid crystal injection port 55 is sealed after the liquid crystal injection. It is sealed with a material 54.

  A peripheral part (not shown) made of a light-shielding material is formed in a region inside the sealing material 52, while a data line driving circuit 201 and a mounting terminal 202 are provided in the TFT array substrate in a region outside the sealing material 52. The scanning line driving circuit 204 is formed along two sides adjacent to the one side. On the remaining side of the TFT array substrate 10, a plurality of wirings 205 are provided for connecting between the scanning line driving circuits 204 provided on both sides of the image display area.

  As shown in FIG. 11, a pixel electrode 9 and a TFT element 30 that is a switching element for controlling the pixel electrode 9 are formed on a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix that forms an image display area. The data line 6 a to which the image signal is supplied is electrically connected to the source of the TFT element 30. The image signals S1, S2,..., Sn supplied to the data line 6a are supplied line-sequentially in this order, or are supplied for each group to a plurality of adjacent data lines 6a.

  In addition, the scanning line 3a is electrically connected to the gate of the TFT element 30, and scanning signals G1, G2,..., Gm are applied to the plurality of scanning lines 3a in a pulse-sequential manner at predetermined timing. The The pixel electrode 9 is electrically connected to the drain of the TFT element 30. By turning on the TFT element 30 for a certain period, the image signals S1, S2,. Sn is written at a predetermined timing.

  A predetermined level of image signals S1, S2,..., Sn written to the liquid crystal via the pixel electrode 9 is held for a certain period with the common electrode described later. This liquid crystal modulates light by changing the orientation and order of the molecular assembly according to the applied voltage level, thereby enabling gradation display. In order to prevent the held image signal from leaking, a storage capacitor 17 is added in parallel with the liquid crystal capacitor formed between the pixel electrode 9 and the common electrode.

  Returning to FIGS. 9 and 10, the pixel electrode 9 and the alignment film 40 for controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 50 when no voltage is applied are formed on the surface of the TFT array substrate 10 on the liquid crystal layer 50 side. Is formed. A polarizing plate that transmits only predetermined polarized light and, if necessary, a dustproof plate are disposed on the surface of the TFT array substrate 10 opposite to the liquid crystal layer 50 side.

  On the other hand, on the surface of the counter substrate 20 on the liquid crystal layer 50 side, a common electrode 21 made of a transparent electrode material such as ITO and an alignment film 60 for controlling the alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 50 when no voltage is applied. And are formed. A polarizing plate that transmits only predetermined polarized light and, if necessary, a dustproof plate are disposed on the surface of the TFT array substrate 10 opposite to the liquid crystal layer 50 side.

  In the liquid crystal cell 150 of this example, the water repellent film 90 is formed so as to continuously cover the entire side surface (end surface) of the substrate 10, the conductive films 9 and 21, the alignment films 40 and 60, and the sealing material 52. Is arranged. Note that unnecessary portions of the water-repellent film such as electrodes and wiring (data line driving circuit 201, mounting terminal 202, wiring 205, etc.) are masked in advance and then formed or removed after film formation. It is exposed by such as.

  As a result, in the liquid crystal cell 150 of this example, the water-repellent film 90 prevents moisture absorption from the side surfaces of the conductive films 9 and 21, the alignment films 40 and 60, and the sealing material 52. The junction between the films 9 and 21, the junction between the conductive films 9 and 21 and the alignment films 40 and 60, and the junction between the alignment films 40 and 60 and the sealing material 52 are covered with the water repellent film 90. Thus, moisture can be prevented from entering the inside of the apparatus from these joint portions.

  In the present embodiment, only the TN mode liquid crystal device has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention is not limited to the vertical alignment mode, the STN (Super Twisted Nematic) mode, and the like. The alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules during heating can be applied to any liquid crystal device. When the present invention is applied to a vertical alignment mode liquid crystal device, the liquid crystal layer has a positive and negative dielectric anisotropy in which the major and minor axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules are more easily polarized than the minor and major axis directions. May be configured. In this case, when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are controlled by the alignment film and are aligned in a predetermined direction, whereas when a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer have their major axis direction changed. Since it is arranged in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the vertical electric field generated between the pair of substrates, the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules when no voltage is applied and when the voltage is applied can be optically identified and displayed. it can.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of a passive matrix transmissive liquid crystal device.
This transmissive liquid crystal device is schematically configured to include a pair of substrates 70 and 80 arranged to face each other with a liquid crystal layer (not shown) interposed therebetween.

  More specifically, the substrate 70 includes a plurality of transparent electrodes 72 formed in a stripe shape on the surface of the substrate body 71 on the liquid crystal layer side, a protective film (not shown) and an alignment film containing ion-adsorbing fine particles. (Not shown) are sequentially provided. The substrate 80 includes a large number of transparent electrodes 82 formed in a stripe pattern on the surface of the substrate body 81 on the liquid crystal layer side, a protective film (not shown) containing ion-adsorbing fine particles, and an alignment film (not shown). ) In order.

  As shown in the figure, the transparent electrode 72 of the substrate 70 and the transparent electrode 82 of the substrate 80 are formed in a direction crossing each other. A water repellent film (not shown) is continuously formed on the entire sides of the side surfaces of the pair of substrates 70 and 80.

  As described above, the present invention can also be applied to a passive matrix transmissive liquid crystal device, and the same effect as that of an active matrix transmissive liquid crystal device can be obtained.

  In each of the above-described embodiments, only the active matrix type transmissive liquid crystal device and the passive matrix type transmissive liquid crystal device using TFT elements have been described. However, the present invention is not limited to these, and TFD ( The present invention can also be applied to an active matrix liquid crystal device using a two-terminal element typified by a thin-film diode element.

  In each of the above embodiments, the transmissive liquid crystal device has been taken up and described. However, the present invention only needs to have a structure in which a water-repellent film is formed on the outer surfaces of a pair of substrates after the substrates are bonded together. The invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For example, the present invention can be applied to a reflective liquid crystal device other than a transmissive liquid crystal device and a transflective liquid crystal device, and can be applied to a liquid crystal device having any structure.

(Electronics)
Next, a projector will be described as an example of the electronic apparatus of the invention.
FIG. 13 schematically shows the projector.
This projector PJ1 uses the liquid crystal device of the present invention as a light modulation means (liquid crystal light valve), and includes a transmissive liquid crystal light valve for each of different colors of R (red), G (green), and B (blue). 3 plate type intermittent display type color liquid crystal projector.

  As shown in FIG. 13, the projector PJ1 includes a light source 810, dichroic mirrors 813, 814, reflection mirrors 815, 816, 817, an incident lens 818, a relay lens 819, an exit lens 820, and a liquid crystal light valve 822. , 823, 824, a cross dichroic prism 825, and a projection lens 826.

The light source 810 includes a lamp 811 such as a metal halide and a reflector 812 that reflects the light of the lamp.
The dichroic mirror 813 transmits red light contained in white light from the light source 810 and reflects blue light and green light. The transmitted red light is reflected by the reflection mirror 817 and enters the red light liquid crystal light valve 822. The green light reflected by the dichroic mirror 813 is reflected by the dichroic mirror 814 and enters the liquid crystal light valve 822 for green light. Further, the blue light reflected by the dichroic mirror 813 passes through the dichroic mirror 814. For blue light, in order to prevent light loss due to a long optical path, a light guide means 821 including a relay lens system including an incident lens 818, a relay lens 819, and an exit lens 820 is provided. Blue light is incident on the blue light liquid crystal light valve 824 via the light guiding means 821.

  The three color lights modulated by the liquid crystal light valves 822, 823, and 824 are incident on the cross dichroic prism 825. The cross dichroic prism 825 is formed by bonding four right-angle prisms. A dielectric multilayer film that reflects red light and a dielectric multilayer film that reflects blue light are formed in an X shape at the interface. Yes. These dielectric multilayer films combine the three color lights to form light representing a color image. The synthesized light is projected onto the screen 827 by the projection lens 826 which is a projection optical system, and the image is enlarged and displayed.

  According to the projector PJ1 described above, the display quality is prevented from deteriorating due to moisture absorption or water intrusion in the liquid crystal light valves 822, 823, and 824, so that the display quality can be improved.

In this example, the liquid crystal device of the present invention is adopted for each of the liquid crystal light valves for red light, green light, and blue light. However, the liquid crystal device is not necessarily applied to all liquid crystal light valves. When applied to at least one of the liquid crystal light valves of R, G, and B, the effect can be obtained. The liquid crystal device of the present invention is particularly effective when applied to a liquid crystal light valve for blue light (B) having high light energy.
Further, although the description has been given by taking a three-plate projection display device (projector) as an example, the present invention can also be applied to a single-plate projection display device or a direct-view display device.

  The liquid crystal device of the present invention can also be applied to electronic devices other than projectors. As a specific example, a mobile phone including the liquid crystal device of the present invention in a display portion can be given. Other electronic devices include, for example, a video camera, a personal computer, a head mounted display, a fax machine with a display function, a digital camera finder, a portable TV, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), an electronic notebook, and an electric bulletin board. And advertising announcement displays.

  As described above, the preferred embodiments according to the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the examples. It is obvious for those skilled in the art that various changes or modifications can be conceived within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims. It is understood that it belongs to.

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal cell as an example of a liquid crystal device of the present invention. The figure for demonstrating an example of the formation method of a water repellent film. The figure for demonstrating the other formation method of a water repellent film. The figure for demonstrating another formation method of a water repellent film. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a modification of the liquid crystal device in FIG. 1. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a modification of the liquid crystal device in FIG. 1. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a modification of the liquid crystal device in FIG. 1. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a modification of the liquid crystal device in FIG. 1. The top view which shows the whole structure of a liquid crystal device. FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of the liquid crystal device of FIG. 9. FIG. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating an image display area of the transmissive liquid crystal device. FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating a passive matrix transmissive liquid crystal device. FIG. 2 schematically shows an example of a projector.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... TFT array substrate, 20 ... Counter substrate, 9 ... Pixel electrode (conductive film), 21 ... Common electrode (conductive film), 50 ... Liquid crystal layer, 52 ... Sealing material, 40, 60 ... Alignment film, 70 ... Lower side Substrate, 80 ... upper substrate, 90 ... water repellent film, 100, 120, 150 ... liquid crystal cell (liquid crystal device), 130, 140 ... liquid crystal panel (liquid crystal device), PJ1 ... projector.

Claims (8)

A liquid crystal device having a liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates facing each other,
A plurality of films including a conductive film and an alignment film are formed on the inner surface side of at least one of the pair of substrates,
A liquid crystal device, wherein a water repellent film that continuously covers a side surface of the substrate and side surfaces of the plurality of films is formed on a side surface of at least one of the pair of substrates. A sealing material is disposed between the pair of substrates,
The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the water repellent film further covers a side surface of the sealing material. On the outer surface side of at least one of the pair of substrates, a polarizing plate and a dustproof plate are disposed,
The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the water repellent film further covers each side surface of the polarizing plate and the dustproof plate. Bonding a pair of substrates each having a plurality of films formed thereon;
Placing a liquid crystal between the pair of substrates;
And a step of forming a water repellent film continuously covering the side surfaces of the substrate and the side surfaces of the plurality of films on the side surfaces of the pair of substrates sandwiching the liquid crystal.   The method for producing a liquid crystal device according to claim 4, wherein the water repellent film forming material is an organic water repellent material and / or an inorganic water repellent material.   6. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal device according to claim 4, wherein the water-repellent film is formed using a liquid phase method and / or a gas phase method.   The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal device according to claim 4, wherein isotropic treatment of the liquid crystal is performed using heat applied to the liquid crystal device in the step of forming the water repellent film. An electronic apparatus comprising the liquid crystal device according to claim 1.

Images