JP2006325328A - High-efficiency energy supply system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high-efficiency energy supply system for establishing a system for linking distributed power generation utilizing regenerable energy and cold customers through a low energy loss type energy transportation means, and simultaneously supplying power and cold. <P>SOLUTION: The system includes a plurality of distributed power supplies 2, 3, 4 for generating power, the energy transportation means 1 for linking a plurality of the distributed power supplies, a slush nitrogen manufacturing apparatus 5 for manufacturing a slush nitrogen as a particulate solid nitrogen mixed with a liquid nitrogen. The energy transportation means 1 has a DC superconductive cable for transmitting power, and a cooling medium flow path supplied with the slush nitrogen and simultaneously cooling the DC superconductive cable and transporting cold. The system is constituted so as to supply power and cold to an energy consuming region 6 located in a remote region different from the distributed power supplies through the energy transportation means 1. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a system for supplying power generated by a distributed power source such as DC power generation by wind power or DC power generation by a solar battery to a power consumer in a remote area, and more particularly, a plurality of DC superconducting cables provided with cooling means. High efficiency for coordinating distributed power sources and power consumers, for example, for transporting cold heat together with power at high density, which can be used for district cooling, large-scale information processing system cooling systems, waste recycling processing using cryogenic crushing, etc. The energy supply system.

  In recent years, effective use of renewable energy such as solar power, wind power, and recycling power generation using waste has been promoted for the purpose of global warming countermeasures and environmental conservation in the energy field. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of power demand, establishment of a stable and large-capacity power supply technology for local large power demand areas such as large-scale information processing equipment and waste recycling processing equipment is desired. Power generation facilities using renewable energy are often small and medium-sized, and as a conventional usage form, they are installed in the vicinity of a power consumption area, and only supply power to specific power consumers. However, in recent years, the development of these distributed power sources has progressed, and the capacity of a single unit has increased, and the cost has been reduced. The practical use of a system that supplies power to homes is also expected. Therefore, in order to put the power supply system using distributed power sources into practical use, stable power supply and further cost reduction of power are required, and highly efficient power transportation is listed as one of the important issues. Yes.

  In general, the power system connecting large power plants and power consuming areas boosts the voltage so that the rise in the temperature of the transmission line due to heat loss proportional to the square of the current does not exceed the allowable value, and reduces the current by reducing the current. Although it has decreased, it has become difficult to reinforce facilities to meet future increases in power demand due to the increase in equipment size due to higher voltages. As a countermeasure, AC superconducting transmission has been researched in recent years, but although transmission loss is reduced compared to the current one, AC loss inherent to AC superconducting occurs, making economic feasibility difficult due to an increase in the size of manufacturing equipment, etc. It has become. Furthermore, considering the introduction of distributed power sources such as renewable energy power generation, there are concerns about the stable supply of power and the deterioration of quality. Considering the effective use of energy, the efficiency improvement of a single device has reached its limit, and how to efficiently transport energy as a system becomes a problem.

  Therefore, in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-274554), there is a power supply method in which DC power is generated by a DC distributed power source and the obtained DC power is sold to a DC power customer via a DC power network. Proposed. As a result, it is possible to spread pollution-free distributed power sources that use natural energy, and to avoid power loss as much as possible because the power system is a direct current, thereby achieving energy saving.

It has also been proposed to reduce power transmission loss by superconducting power transmission cables during power transportation. By using superconducting cables for power transmission, CO ₂ reduction effects and in addition, converters and transformers can be omitted, and means for solving the problem as a distributed power source such as a renewable energy power generator Become.
Superconducting cables have been researched and developed in the United States, Europe and Japan since the 1990s as measures for high-density power transportation in urban areas, but have been targeted at AC superconducting cables due to the high cost of AC / DC converters. However, in order to supply renewable natural energy power generation as highly efficient and stable power, it is considered a technology that requires a power network by DC superconductivity.

  On the other hand, such a power supply system also requires a technique for stably supplying high-quality cold heat with high efficiency. Conventionally, in order to cool a superconducting cable, a lot of liquid nitrogen has been used. In energy-intensive equipment such as cooling systems for large-scale information processing equipment, which is expected to be industrialized in the future, and waste recycling processing using cryogenic crushing, along with demand for electric power, There is a large amount of cold energy demand for cooling and low-temperature crushing of waste. Conventionally, such equipment has mainly been a method of transporting a refrigerant such as liquid nitrogen by a tank lorry, but it is very inefficient from the viewpoint of energy efficiency.

JP 2003-274554 A

As mentioned above, there is a need for a power supply system that links distributed power sources that use renewable energy from the viewpoint of global warming countermeasures, environmental conservation, and resource depletion countermeasures. Therefore, there is a demand for a system that supplies generated power to a power consumer with high efficiency and stability. There is also a need for a system that can supply power to energy-intensive equipment such as district cooling, cooling large-scale information processing systems, and waste recycling, and at the same time efficiently supplying cooling.
Therefore, in view of the problems of the prior art, the present invention constructs a system in which distributed power generation using renewable energy and electric power / cooling customers are linked by a low energy loss transportation means. It is an object to provide a high-efficiency energy supply system that can supply energy simultaneously.

Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the present invention provides:
A plurality of distributed power sources using renewable natural energy such as sunlight and wind power, an energy transport means for linking the plurality of distributed power sources or power transmission and distribution systems, and a slash in which fine solid nitrogen is mixed in liquid nitrogen A slush nitrogen production device for producing nitrogen,
The energy transport means is a direct current superconducting cable provided with a refrigerant flow path through which the manufactured slush nitrogen flows, and the slush nitrogen simultaneously cools the dc superconducting cable and transports cold,
Cold energy together with electric power is supplied to an energy consuming area located in a remote area different from the distributed power source through the energy transporting means.

According to the present invention, high-efficiency energy that is not found in existing energy systems is achieved by transmitting electric power through a direct current cable with little or no transmission line resistance loss and transporting cold energy through the refrigerant flow path. Supply and storage system can be provided. In addition, it is also possible to link an existing distributed power source, a large power source, or an existing power transmission / distribution system by the energy transport means.
In addition, a plurality of distributed power sources can be used for district cooling, cooling of large-scale information processing systems, waste recycling processing, etc. by linking energy sources that can transport power and cold using superconducting cables. It is possible to provide a highly efficient energy supply system that simultaneously transports electric power and cold heat at high density.
At this time, by using a DC superconducting cable cooled by slush nitrogen as an energy transport means, the electric resistance becomes zero, so the power generated by the distributed power source distributed over a wide area can be collected with high efficiency, and the power network It is possible to reduce the equipment and operating costs, including the omission of transformer facilities, and to absorb stable power fluctuations of solar and wind power generation by the power storage effect of the cable, resulting in stable and high quality. Electric power can be supplied. Furthermore, the system can be scaled up because long-distance transportation of electric power is possible. Furthermore, since power can be stored with the superconducting cable itself, stable and efficient power use can be achieved.
In addition, by using slush nitrogen for cooling the superconducting cable, stable cooling with low loss is possible due to the effect of maintaining a constant temperature by the latent heat of fusion and low fluid loss characteristics. In addition, by using the cooling channel for transporting cold heat, compared to conventional liquid nitrogen transport such as tank lorries, it has achieved a more efficient and stable cooling supply, such as the food freezing and refrigeration market using the cold heat of slush nitrogen It is possible to create a new cold energy industry. As described above, according to the present invention, heat storage and high-efficiency cold energy supply are possible, and high-efficiency high-density transportation of electric power and cold heat that can be used for district cooling, cooling of large-scale information processing systems, waste recycling processing, etc. An energy supply system can be provided.

Further, the energy transport means comprises energy storage means comprising power storage for passing a permanent circulation current through the DC superconducting cable and cold storage for storing the cold heat of the slush nitrogen produced by surplus power. And
This enables direct storage of electrical energy in superconducting cables and simultaneous storage of slush nitrogen cold energy, leveling fluctuations in a wide range of low-density natural energy, and providing stable power and cold energy consumption in a wide range of remote areas. Can be supplied to the ground.

Furthermore, in the slush nitrogen production apparatus, it is preferable to produce slush nitrogen by using the night surplus power generated by the distributed power source. This enables cold energy storage and contributes to power leveling. .
Furthermore, the energy transporting means is connected to an existing power transmission network through an AC / DC converting means. Thus, the system of the present invention can be easily linked to the conventional system by connecting the DC power system using the distributed power source and the AC power system of the existing power transmission via the AC / DC converting means. In addition, independent distributed control can be introduced without being affected by the existing system, and optimum economic operation and highly reliable operation can be independently performed.

  The distributed power source is preferably renewable energy using natural energy. The power source using the renewable energy is a facility that generates power using energy that does not deplete such as sunlight, wind power, hydropower, biomass, wave power, and the like, and includes a recycling power generation facility that uses waste. Thus, by using a system that uses renewable natural energy, a system that is useful for global warming countermeasures and environmental conservation can be obtained.

  As described above, according to the present invention, a distributed power source, in particular, a power generation facility using renewable energy such as wind power and solar power, and a power / cold energy consumer that is an energy consuming area are provided with a slush nitrogen production facility. By coupling with a superconducting cable, it is possible to provide a high-efficiency energy supply system that simultaneously transports power and cold at high density. In addition, the advantages of the power / cold energy supply system can be maintained, loss reduction, power fluctuation absorption by superconducting power storage, and power leveling by fluctuation heat storage by cold storage. In addition, a decentralized social system with excellent energy efficiency and environmental improvement can be expected.

  Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention unless otherwise specified, but are merely illustrative examples. Not too much.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an energy supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention. First, with reference to FIG. 1, the structure of the energy supply system which concerns on a present Example is demonstrated.
This system has a configuration in which a plurality of distributed power sources that are unevenly distributed in a remote area, a plurality of electric power / cooling customers 6 and a slush nitrogen production facility 5 are linked together by an energy transportation means 1.
The distributed power source is a power generation facility using natural energy, and generates power using energy that does not deplete, such as sunlight, wind power, hydraulic power, biomass, and wave power. The distributed power source includes recycling power generation using waste. As an example, there are a wind power generation facility 2, a recycling factory power generation facility 3, a solar power generation facility 4, and the like.
The electric power / cold heat customer 6 refers to an object that has a power contract with the manager of the system, such as a general private house, commercial building, large-scale information processing facility, various factories, etc. Factory 3 etc. are also included. Furthermore, this system is configured to supply cold energy as well as electric power, and is used for indoor air conditioning, cooling of electronic equipment, cryogenic crushing of waste, and the like.

Although the details of the slush nitrogen production facility 5 will be described later, the slush nitrogen production facility 5 is a facility for producing slush nitrogen in which fine solid nitrogen is uniformly mixed in liquid nitrogen. It is sent to the electric power / cold energy consumer 6 in the energy consumption area. The slush nitrogen is a fluid obtained by cooling and solidifying a part of liquid nitrogen to form a slurry. In the slush nitrogen production facility 5, it is preferable to produce slush nitrogen with surplus power at night, whereby cold energy can be stored and it is possible to contribute to power leveling.
The energy transport means 1 includes at least a DC superconducting cable, and transmits the power generated by the distributed power source to an energy consumer 6 in a remote area, and uses the slush nitrogen produced by the slush nitrogen production facility 5 as power.・ Supply to refrigeration customers 6 The superconducting cable is composed of a superconducting conductor, a refrigerant conduit for maintaining its electrical insulation and cryogenic state, and a heat insulating layer for its cryogenic maintenance. In this embodiment, a DC superconducting power transmission cable is used, and as a result, the electric resistance becomes zero, and only the loss due to the cooling of the refrigerant due to the amount of intrusion heat and the circulation power occurs. The superconducting cable includes a cooling means, and slush nitrogen is used as the refrigerant as the cooling means. Cooling is possible without changing the temperature of the fluid by utilizing the latent heat of fusion that occurs when the solid in the slush nitrogen turns into a liquid. Since the latent heat of fusion is several to several tens of times greater than the sensible heat accompanying the temperature change of the fluid, the amount of cooling heat when the same flow rate is applied is greater than that of the liquid.

Further, AC power generated at the existing power plant 11 is transmitted through the existing power transmission system 10, converted into direct current by a DC / AC converter (not shown), and then supplied to the power transmission system of the energy transport means 1. It is preferable to adopt a configuration to Similarly, power is transmitted to an AC power consumer after being converted to AC via a DC / AC converter.
Furthermore, the energy transport means 1 comprises superconducting power storage means. When a direct current is passed through the superconducting conductor, the superconducting power storage means has no electrical resistance loss, so that the current does not attenuate and a permanent current flows. This is a device for storing electrical energy in the form of a permanent current by applying this to a superconducting coil or superconducting cable.

  In this system, electric power generated by a distributed power source such as a wind power generation facility 2, a recycling plant power generation facility 3, and a solar power generation facility 4 is transmitted by the superconducting cable of the energy transport means 1, and the superconducting cable is cooled. The slush nitrogen produced in the slush nitrogen production facility 5 is supplied to the cooling pipe line to cool the superconducting cable and transport the cold energy. Thereby, it becomes possible to supply high-density and high-quality cold heat to the electric power / cold heat customer 6 without adding facilities simultaneously with the electric power. In this way, the thermal energy transported as slush nitrogen is highly versatile and can be applied to various superconducting cables, coils, current limiters, and other cooling devices, as well as to the market using conventional liquid nitrogen. is there. Especially in waste recycling facilities, it is effective to apply cryogenic crushing technology at liquid nitrogen temperature to plastics and waste home appliances. In addition, by using slush nitrogen, which is a solid-liquid two-phase fluid in which solid nitrogen is mixed in liquid nitrogen as a refrigerant, it is possible to transport cold heat larger than liquid nitrogen and reduce the pressure loss per unit flow rate to liquid nitrogen. Can be reduced to the same extent as

  Moreover, it is preferable to control the power generation amount in each distributed power source and the refrigerant supply amount in the slush nitrogen production facility 5 using the control communication network 12 using an optical fiber or the like as these control systems. A plurality of communication terminals 14 are connected to the control communication network 12, and a control center 13 is provided to control them. The control center 13 can be controlled from a remote location.

Further, the energy transport means 1 has a power storage function. The energy transport means 1 having the power storage function can stably maintain the power system by buffering surplus power and abrupt load fluctuations, and can reduce the construction cost and the operation cost. is there.
An example of the configuration of a DC superconducting cable having the power storage function is shown in FIG. The DC superconducting cable has a multi-tube structure, and from the outside to the inside, the corrugated pipe 110, the heat insulating layer 111, the corrugated pipe 112, the electric insulating layer 113, the protective layer 114, the shield layer 115, the electric insulating layer 116, It comprises a superconducting conductor 117 and a former 118.
As described above, the superconducting cable has the superconducting conductor 117 for power transmission and the superconducting conductor 115 as a shield layer, and an electric power storage function can be added by flowing a current through both of them. In this case, a current flows in the same direction in the loop system, and a current flows in a different direction in the radial system (input / output to the loop system). A permanent circulation current flows through the system, thereby producing a power storage effect. Of course, the superconducting cable shown in FIG. 2 is used as a normal single-core superconducting cable, and power is supplied only to the superconducting conductor 117 for power transmission. Either two of these cables are used in parallel, or two are inserted into the same vacuum insulation pipe. The same power storage effect is produced even if it is used.

  Next, an example of a specific configuration of the slush nitrogen production facility 5 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6 show the slush nitrogen production facility according to the first embodiment, and FIGS. 7 to 9 are diagrams showing the slush nitrogen production facility according to the second to fourth embodiments. In the present embodiment, the slush nitrogen production facility 5 is not particularly limited to the following configuration.

[Example 1]
In FIG. 3, the cryogenic container 30 is filled with liquid nitrogen 31. The liquid nitrogen 31 is supplied by a liquid nitrogen supply line 33 having a valve. A refrigerant such as liquid helium or low-temperature helium gas is supplied to the nozzle 22 of the ejector 21 disposed in the cryogenic container 30 through an ejector working fluid supply line 34 having a valve.
The structure of the ejector 1 is shown in FIG. In the figure, an ejector 21 includes an outer cylinder 23 having a nozzle 22 and a diffuser portion 23a. The nozzle 22 protrudes into the internal space 24 of the outer cylinder 23 and is supplied with a refrigerant liquid or gas as indicated by an arrow A, and the refrigerant extends from the nozzle opening 22 a from the space 24 of the outer cylinder 23. It spouts toward 23a. Liquid nitrogen filled in the cryogenic container by the jetting flow of the refrigerant from the nozzle nozzle 22a is sucked into the space 24 as shown by the arrow B from the suction port 23b of the outer cylinder 23, and passes through the diffuser portion 23a together with the refrigerant flow. As indicated by the arrow C, it is ejected into the space of the cryogenic container. A heater 25 is disposed outside the diffuser portion 23a in order to prevent solid nitrogen from solidifying and adhering to the portion.

As the refrigerant, neon, hydrogen or the like can be used in addition to helium. A space 32 above the liquid nitrogen in the cryogenic vessel 30 is opened with an exhaust line 35 having a vacuum pump 36 and a valve, and an exhaust line 37 having a valve for keeping the space 32 at a pressure slightly higher than the atmospheric pressure. is doing. The lower part of the liquid nitrogen suction pipe 38 connected to the suction port 23b of the ejector 21 is immersed in the liquid nitrogen.
When a cryogenic container is filled with liquid nitrogen and sealed, and the inside of the container is depressurized through an exhaust line 35 equipped with a vacuum pump 36 and a valve, the liquid nitrogen evaporates, and the temperature of the liquid nitrogen decreases due to latent heat of vaporization. . When the temperature of liquid nitrogen reaches about 65K, which is slightly higher than the melting point at atmospheric pressure, that is, the temperature at which it solidifies, a refrigerant such as liquid helium or low-temperature helium gas is supplied, and the inside of the container is at atmospheric pressure or slightly higher than that. Use high pressure. The refrigerant can be supplied through the ejector working fluid supply line 34 and the ejector 21. When the refrigerant is continuously supplied to the ejector 21 at a pressure higher than the pressure in the container, the liquid nitrogen 31 is sucked into the suction port 23b of the ejector 21 through the suction pipe 38 by the refrigerant jet ejected from the nozzle 22a of the nozzle 22. The liquid nitrogen is jetted into the space 32 through the diffuser portion 23a together with the refrigerant. The liquid nitrogen is violently mixed with the refrigerant in the diffuser portion 23a and after exiting the diffuser portion, and is cooled to become solid nitrogen having a fine and relatively uniform particle diameter. The solid nitrogen has a greater specific gravity than the refrigerant gas filling the space 32 and falls downward due to gravity. Since the amount of the refrigerant gas in the container increases due to the supply of the refrigerant as the working fluid, the pressure rises. Therefore, the gas in the space 32 always passes through the exhaust line 37 so as to keep this pressure slightly higher than the atmospheric pressure. Exhausted.

When the low-temperature refrigerant touches the upper surface of the liquid nitrogen layer 31, the liquid surface freezes, and there is a possibility that the solid nitrogen cannot be mixed with the lower liquid nitrogen. Therefore, the agitation motor 40 is installed in the vicinity of the liquid level in the liquid nitrogen layer 31 to prevent the liquid level from freezing by constantly shaking the liquid level. The stirring motor 41 provided below the liquid nitrogen layer 31 is for uniformly mixing solid and liquid nitrogen to make a slush.
Alternatively, the inside of the container is evacuated through the exhaust line 35 having the vacuum pump 36 and the valve and then filled with a refrigerant such as liquid helium or low-temperature helium gas through the ejector working fluid supply line 34 and then liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen may be filled through the supply line 33. Filling is performed so that the container pressure becomes atmospheric pressure or slightly higher than that in a state filled with liquid nitrogen. The refrigerant liquid such as liquid helium immediately evaporates and occupies the space 32, and liquid nitrogen accumulates in the lower part of the cryogenic container 30. Subsequently, the refrigerant is supplied to the nozzle 22 of the ejector 21 at a pressure higher than the pressure in the cryogenic vessel 30 through the ejector working fluid supply line 34 in the same manner as described above.

  The temperature of the liquid nitrogen in the container 30 is higher than the temperature of the gas in the space 32, a part of nitrogen evaporates from the surface of the liquid nitrogen layer 31, and the gas in the space 32 is a mixture of nitrogen gas and refrigerant gas. . The gas discharged through the exhaust line 37 can be separated into refrigerant and nitrogen and reused. If such an operation is continued, slush nitrogen in which liquid nitrogen and solid nitrogen are mixed accumulates in the lower part of the container 30, and only solid nitrogen is finally deposited. Slush nitrogen may be discharged through a discharge line 39 equipped with a valve at an appropriate time. By balancing the supply flow rate of liquid nitrogen and the amount of solid nitrogen produced, slush nitrogen can be produced continuously. A strainer 38 a is provided at the lower end of the suction pipe 38 so as not to suck solid nitrogen. In FIG. 3, one ejector is arranged, but it goes without saying that a plurality of ejectors may be arranged.

FIG. 5 exemplifies a case where two ejectors 21 and 21 ′ are arranged opposite to each other in the cryogenic vessel 30, and the ejector working fluid supply line 14 is supplied with a refrigerant as the working gas in the ejectors 21 and 21 ′. A strainer 38 a, 38 a ′ is provided at the lower end of each suction pipe 38, 38 ′ and is immersed in the liquid nitrogen 31. The diffuser portions 23a and 23a 'of both ejectors are opposed to each other, and the jets C and C' from the diffuser portion collide with each other to reduce the solid nitrogen produced. This is the same as in FIG.
FIG. 6 shows a case where the ejectors 21 and 21 ′ in FIG. 5 are arranged to be inclined downward, whereby the generated solid nitrogen is likely to fall downward.

[Example 2]
FIG. 7 shows a slush nitrogen production facility according to Example 2 of the present invention. In the figure, 104 is a heat insulating container, 102 is liquid nitrogen held in the heat insulating container, 109 is a vacuum pump (pressure reducing means) for depressurizing the gas phase, and 108 is a thermometer (temperature detecting means) capable of detecting a triple point. ), 107 is a liquid level gauge that can determine the current volume, 103 is a liquid surface stirring blade (liquid surface stirring means) that can crush plate-like solid nitrogen solidified on the surface, and 105 is a finer particle of precipitated solid nitrogen A bottom agitating blade (bottom agitating means).
Liquid nitrogen 102 is stored in the heat insulating container 104, and the gas phase inside the container is decompressed by the vacuum pump 109. As the depressurization progresses, the liquid nitrogen evaporates, and the temperature of the liquid nitrogen gradually decreases due to latent heat.
Depressurization is continued and solid nitrogen begins to form when the contents reach the triple point of nitrogen. The arrival of the triple point is confirmed by observing the inside from the window 106 or by the thermometer 108 not stopping the thermometer below 63.1K. When reaching the triple point, the vacuum pump 109 is stopped and the level is measured by the liquid level gauge 107. Thereafter, the vacuum pump 109 is operated, and both stirring blades 103 and 105 are also rotated.

  Due to the reduced pressure, solid nitrogen is formed thinly on the entire surface of liquid nitrogen. If left as it is, the solid nitrogen is sucked up above the suction port of the vacuum pump 109 and separated from the liquid, and the next solid nitrogen is generated in the space. The stirring blade 103 is installed near the liquid surface, and solid nitrogen 101 generated by disturbing the liquid surface by the operation is allowed to settle in the liquid. Since the solid nitrogen 101 has a higher density than the liquid nitrogen, it is deposited at the bottom as it is, but the stirring blade 105 can be finely granulated and mixed with the liquid nitrogen 102 to obtain a slurry-like slush nitrogen. .

Next, an example of measuring the slush nitrogen concentration will be described. Now, the latent heat of vaporization of nitrogen is H _v (kJ / kg), the latent heat of solidification of nitrogen is H _s (kJ / kg), the density of liquid nitrogen is M _l (kg / m ³ ), and the density of solid nitrogen is M _s ( kg / m ³ ), the nitrogen volume when the triple point is reached is V _s (m ³ ), the nitrogen volume after slush nitrogen production is V _f (m ³ ), and the liquid nitrogen equivalent value of the evaporated nitrogen volume is X _v (m ³ ) If the volume of solid nitrogen solidified is X _s (m ³ ), the amount of heat penetration into the insulated container is Q (kW), and the time T (s) required for slush nitrogen production is
From the law of conservation of energy,
_{H v × M l × X v} = H s × M s × X s + Q × T (1)
From the law of conservation of mass
_{V s × M l = (V} f -X s) × M l + X s × M s + X v × M l (2)
Wherein (1), (2) determine the _{X v} and _{X s} from simultaneous equations to obtain the slush nitrogen concentration (IPF) is substituted into the following equation.
_{IPF = X s × M s /} ((V f -X s) × M l + X s × M s)
The amount Q of heat intrusion into the container can be determined by measuring the amount of heat of evaporation of liquid nitrogen in advance, but can be omitted because the proportion of the evaporated nitrogen is small.

[Example 3]
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In FIG. 8, 201 is a heat insulating container, 204 is a fine particle of solid nitrogen, 203 is liquid nitrogen, 202 is a slush nitrogen which is a slurry of a mixture of 204 and 203, 205 is a superconducting object, and 206 is provided in the container. It is the entrance and exit.
The superconducting coil (superconducting object 205) was inserted into the heat insulating container 201 through the inlet / outlet 206, filled with slush nitrogen 202, and the inlet / outlet 206 was closed with a lid, and the superconducting coil 205 was cooled and kept below the superconducting critical temperature.

[Example 4]
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. In FIG. 9, 207 is a heat insulating tube, 204 is a fine particle of solid nitrogen, 203 is liquid nitrogen, 202 is a slush nitrogen which is a slurry of a mixture of 204 and 203, 205 ′ is a superconducting object, and 206A and 206B are in the tube. It is a provided entrance.
A superconducting cable, which is a long superconducting object 205 ', is inserted into the heat insulating tube 207 through the inlet / outlet 206A, and the slush nitrogen 202 is pumped from the inlet (not shown) by a flow means (not shown) and discharged from the outlet (not shown). Then, slush nitrogen was allowed to flow in the tube, the superconducting cable was cooled, and kept below the superconducting critical temperature.

  The energy supply system according to the present embodiment includes the slush nitrogen production facility 5 described in the first to fourth embodiments, so that slush nitrogen having a fine and uniform particle diameter can be produced. It is possible to prevent clogging of the cooling pipe line during the transportation of nitrogen, and the pressure loss per unit flow rate can be reduced to the same level as that of liquid nitrogen, thereby enabling efficient cooling of the superconducting cable and highly efficient cold heat transportation.

  Since the present invention is a high-efficiency energy supply system capable of supplying power and cold at the same time, energy-intensive equipment that has a demand for electric power as well as cold heat used for cooling electronic devices or cryogenic crushing of waste For example, it can be suitably applied to large-scale information processing equipment, waste recycling processing equipment, and the like.

1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an energy supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing of the superconducting cable provided with the electric power storage function applied to a present Example. It is a figure which shows the outline of the slush nitrogen manufacturing equipment which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the ejector arrange | positioned in the cryogenic container of FIG. It is a figure which shows the application example of the slush nitrogen manufacturing equipment which concerns on Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the application example of the slush nitrogen manufacturing equipment based on Example 1 different from FIG. It is a figure which shows the outline of the slush nitrogen manufacturing equipment which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the outline of the slush nitrogen manufacturing equipment which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the outline of the slush nitrogen manufacturing equipment which concerns on Example 4 of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Energy transportation means 2 Wind power generation equipment 3 Recycling factory power generation equipment 4 Solar power generation equipment 5 Slash nitrogen production equipment 6 Electricity and cold-heat customer 8 Controller 10 Existing power transmission system 11 Existing power plant 12 Control communication network 13 Control center 14 Communication terminal 21 Ejector 30 Cryogenic container 36 Vacuum pump 37 Exhaust line 81 Power cable 82 First superconducting cable for power storage 83 Second superconducting cable for power storage

Claims (5)

A plurality of distributed power sources, an energy transport means for linking the plurality of distributed power sources or power transmission and distribution systems, and a slush nitrogen production apparatus for producing slush nitrogen in which fine solid nitrogen is mixed in liquid nitrogen,
The energy transport means is a direct current superconducting cable provided with a refrigerant flow path through which the manufactured slush nitrogen flows, and the slush nitrogen simultaneously cools the dc superconducting cable and transports cold,
A high-efficiency energy supply system that supplies cold energy together with electric power to an energy consuming area that exists in a remote area different from the distributed power source via the energy transportation means.   The energy transport means comprises energy storage means comprising power storage for passing a permanent circulation current through the DC superconducting cable and cold storage for storing cold heat of the slush nitrogen produced by surplus power. The high efficiency energy supply system according to claim 1.   2. The high-efficiency energy supply system according to claim 1, wherein the slush nitrogen production apparatus produces slush nitrogen by night surplus power generated by the distributed power source.   2. The high-efficiency energy supply system according to claim 1, wherein the energy transporting means is connected to an existing power transmission network through an AC / DC converting means.   The high-efficiency energy supply system according to claim 1, wherein the distributed power source is renewable energy using natural energy.

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