JP2002352645A - Superconducting cable - Google Patents
Superconducting cableInfo
- Publication number
- JP2002352645A JP2002352645A JP2001159825A JP2001159825A JP2002352645A JP 2002352645 A JP2002352645 A JP 2002352645A JP 2001159825 A JP2001159825 A JP 2001159825A JP 2001159825 A JP2001159825 A JP 2001159825A JP 2002352645 A JP2002352645 A JP 2002352645A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- conductor
- outside
- layer
- superconducting
- cooling pipe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、水素ガスや液体水
素を冷媒とした超電導ケーブルに関し、詳細には水素ガ
スや液体水素を冷媒として用いたMgB2超電導ケーブルに
関する。The present invention relates to relates to a superconducting cable with a cooling medium the hydrogen gas or liquid hydrogen, and in particular to MgB 2 superconducting cable using hydrogen gas or liquid hydrogen as coolant.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】超電導を利用した技術について、液体水
素を冷媒に用い、電力エネルギーを送りながら燃料とし
ても輸送するための超電導線材には、従来酸化物系の超
電導線が用いられていた。これら酸化物系の超電導線
は、例えば、銀または銀合金のシースを持ったBi-2223
(Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy)系超電導体を用いてテープ形状や丸
線を撚り合わせたものである。図4としての表2に酸化物
超電導線の特性の一例を示した。2. Description of the Related Art With respect to the technology utilizing superconductivity, oxide superconducting wires have conventionally been used as superconducting wires for transferring liquid energy as fuel while using liquid hydrogen as a refrigerant. These oxide-based superconducting wires are, for example, Bi-2223 having a silver or silver alloy sheath.
It is made by twisting tape shapes or round wires using a (Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O y ) -based superconductor. Table 2 as FIG. 4 shows an example of the characteristics of the oxide superconducting wire.
【0003】超電導ケーブルは、可撓性の管などを巻枠
とし、その外周部に複数の超電導線を巻き付けて導体の
層が形成されたものである。外周部には、クラフト紙な
どが巻き付けられて電気絶縁層が形成される。磁気遮蔽
が必要な場合には、電気絶縁層の上に、さらに超電導線
を巻き付けてシールド層とする。[0003] A superconducting cable is a cable in which a flexible tube or the like is used as a bobbin, and a plurality of superconducting wires are wound around the bobbin to form a conductor layer. A kraft paper or the like is wound around the outer peripheral portion to form an electric insulating layer. When magnetic shielding is required, a superconducting wire is further wound on the electric insulating layer to form a shield layer.
【0004】この絶縁、または絶縁及びシールドされた
導体は、各々を冷却用の管に収容したり、また導体を3
芯撚り合わせたものを冷却用の管に収納して冷却され
る。これらの冷却管の外側には真空断熱層を形成するた
めの真空断熱管が設けられる。そして、冷媒としての液
体水素が、巻枠の内部や冷却管の中を圧送されて、導体
が冷却される。[0004] Each of the insulated or insulated and shielded conductors is housed in a cooling pipe, and the conductors are connected to each other.
The twisted cores are stored in a cooling tube and cooled. A vacuum heat insulating tube for forming a vacuum heat insulating layer is provided outside these cooling tubes. Then, liquid hydrogen as a refrigerant is pumped through the inside of the bobbin and the cooling pipe to cool the conductor.
【0005】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】冷媒に用いられる水素
は可燃性が強いので、電力を輸送する場合には周囲の酸
素濃度に注意を払う必要がある。ところで、超電導材料
に酸化物高温超電導線を用いた場合には、電力輸送時に
短絡事故が起きた際、不測の事態も予想されるため実用
化に難点があった。Since hydrogen used as a refrigerant is highly flammable, it is necessary to pay attention to the oxygen concentration in the surroundings when transporting electric power. By the way, when an oxide high-temperature superconducting wire is used as a superconducting material, an unexpected situation is expected when a short circuit accident occurs at the time of electric power transport, so that there is a problem in practical use.
【0006】本発明の目的は、超電導線に、酸素元素を
含まないMgB2超電導線を用いることによって、短絡事故
などの場合でも水素を安全に輸送できるようにすること
である。An object of the present invention is to use a MgB 2 superconducting wire containing no oxygen element as a superconducting wire so that hydrogen can be safely transported even in a short circuit accident or the like.
【0007】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】前記課題を解決するため
に、本発明の第1の態様は、以下の部材を備えたことを
特徴とする超電導ケーブルである。 (a) MgB2を用いて作製された超電導線からなる導体
と、(b) 前記導体の超電導状態を維持するために、液
体水素または冷却水素ガスを導通する冷却管。According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a superconducting cable including the following members. (a) a conductor formed of a superconducting wire made of MgB 2 , and (b) a cooling pipe through which liquid hydrogen or cooling hydrogen gas flows to maintain the superconducting state of the conductor.
【0008】本発明の第2の態様は、以下の部材を備え
たことを特徴とする超電導ケーブルである。 (a) 前記超電導線が、巻芯に螺旋状に巻き付けられて
形成された導体と、(b) 前記導体の外側に巻きつけら
れた電気絶縁層と、(c) 前記電気絶縁層の外周に、必
要に応じて巻線され、導体と逆位相のシールド電流が通
電されるシールド用の超電導線と、(d) 前記導体の複
数本を撚り合わせて収容し、前記液体水素または冷却水
素ガスが導通される冷却管と、(e) 前記冷却管の外側
に、巻きつけられるように形成された断熱材の層と(f)
前記断熱材の層の外側に、大気圧以下に保持できるよ
うに空間を備えて設けられた真空断熱管。[0008] A second aspect of the present invention is a superconducting cable comprising the following members. (a) the superconducting wire is a conductor formed by being spirally wound around a core, (b) an electric insulating layer wound around the outside of the conductor, and (c) an outer periphery of the electric insulating layer. A superconducting wire for shielding, which is wound as necessary, and through which a shield current having a phase opposite to that of the conductor flows, and (d) a plurality of the conductors are twisted and accommodated, and the liquid hydrogen or the cooling hydrogen gas is A cooling pipe to be conducted, (e) a layer of a heat insulating material formed so as to be wound around the outside of the cooling pipe, and (f)
A vacuum insulation tube provided with a space outside the layer of the heat insulating material so as to be able to maintain the pressure below the atmospheric pressure.
【0009】本発明の第3の態様は、以下の部材を備え
たことを特徴とする超電導ケーブルである。 (a) 前記超電導線が、巻芯に螺旋状に巻き付けられて
形成された導体と、(b) 前記導体の外側に巻きつけら
れた保護層と、(c) 前記保護層の巻かれた導体を収容
し、前記液体水素または冷却水素ガスが導通される冷却
管と、(d) 前記冷却管の外側に巻きつけられるように
形成された断熱材の層と、(e) 前記断熱材の層の外側
に、大気圧以下に保持するための空間を設けて配設され
た真空断熱管と、(f) 前記真空断熱管の外側に巻きつ
けられるように形成された電気絶縁層と、(g) 前記電
気絶縁層を保護するように、外側に巻きつけられるよう
に形成されたシース層。A third aspect of the present invention is a superconducting cable comprising the following members. (a) the superconducting wire, a conductor formed by being spirally wound around a core, (b) a protective layer wound around the outside of the conductor, and (c) a conductor wound with the protective layer A cooling pipe through which the liquid hydrogen or cooling hydrogen gas is passed, (d) a layer of heat insulating material formed so as to be wound around the outside of the cooling pipe, and (e) a layer of heat insulating material. Outside, a vacuum insulated pipe provided with a space for maintaining the pressure below the atmospheric pressure, (f) an electric insulating layer formed so as to be wound around the outside of the vacuum insulated pipe, (g A) a sheath layer formed so as to be wound around the outside so as to protect the electrical insulating layer;
【0010】[0010]
【実施の形態】(実施の形態の第1)以下に本発明の実施
の形態の第1について、図1に示した超電導ケーブルを用
いて説明する。導体5は、外径21mmで厚さが1mmのステン
レス鋼製のスパイラル管の外周に直径が2mmの銅線を32
本撚り合わせた外径が25mmの巻芯2に、ピッチが約300m
m、1層当たり18本の超電導線3を螺旋状に巻き付けた4層
で形成されている。その上には電気絶縁層4が形成され
ている。ここで、超電導線3は、MgB2製であり、その特
性は図3としての表1に示した。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS (First Embodiment) A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below using the superconducting cable shown in FIG. The conductor 5 is made of a stainless steel spiral tube having an outer diameter of 21 mm and a thickness of 1 mm, and a copper wire having a diameter of 2 mm on an outer periphery of the spiral tube.
The core 2 with an outer diameter of 25 mm that has been twisted, with a pitch of about 300 m
m, each layer is formed of four layers in which 18 superconducting wires 3 are spirally wound. An electric insulating layer 4 is formed thereon. Here, the superconducting wire 3 is made of MgB 2 and its characteristics are shown in Table 1 as FIG.
【0011】本例では電気絶縁層4は、クラフト紙(幅30
mm、厚さ150μm)を40層巻き付けたが、クラフト紙以外
にOPPLなどの半合成紙も用いることができる。また、電
気絶縁層4の巻数はケーブルの耐電圧値によって変わる
ことがある。さらに、交流電力を輸送する場合には、こ
の電気絶縁層4の外周にシールドのために超電導線を巻
線して導体層とぼぼ逆位相のシールド電流を通電できる
ようにすることもある(図示せず)。In this embodiment, the electric insulating layer 4 is made of kraft paper (width 30).
mm, thickness 150 μm), but semi-synthetic paper such as OPPL can be used in addition to kraft paper. Further, the number of turns of the electric insulating layer 4 may change depending on the withstand voltage value of the cable. Further, in the case of transporting AC power, a superconducting wire may be wound around the outer periphery of the electric insulating layer 4 for shielding so that a shield current having a phase almost opposite to that of the conductor layer can be supplied (FIG. Not shown).
【0012】この導体5の2本をピッチ1000mmとして撚り
合わせたものを、直径が95mm、厚さ2mmのステンレス鋼
製コルゲート管からなる冷却管6に収容した。そして、
冷却管6の外側に、幅500mm、厚さ0.1mmのポリエステル
フィルムの片面にアルミニウムを50nm厚みに蒸着したシ
ートを40層巻き付けて多層断熱材7を形成して、直径130
mm、厚さ2mmのステンレス製のコルゲート管からなる真
空断熱管8に収容した。真空断熱管8内は、ガスによる冷
却管6への熱伝導を主に低減することを目的に大気圧以
下、例えば1×10-3Pa程度の真空に保持される。Two of the conductors 5 were twisted at a pitch of 1000 mm and housed in a cooling pipe 6 made of a stainless steel corrugated pipe having a diameter of 95 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. And
Outside the cooling pipe 6, a multilayer heat insulating material 7 is formed by winding 40 layers of a sheet in which aluminum is vapor-deposited to a thickness of 50 nm on one side of a polyester film having a width of 500 mm and a thickness of 0.1 mm to form a multilayer heat insulating material 7.
It was housed in a vacuum heat insulating tube 8 composed of a stainless steel corrugated tube having a thickness of 2 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. The inside of the vacuum heat insulating pipe 8 is maintained at a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure, for example, about 1 × 10 −3 Pa, for the purpose of mainly reducing heat conduction to the cooling pipe 6 by gas.
【0013】本例では、直流電力用ケーブルとして導体
2本を撚り合わせたものを使用したが、交流電力を輸送
する場合には、3相分を通電するために導体5を3本撚り
合わせることもある。In this embodiment, a conductor for a DC power cable is used.
Although two twisted conductors were used, when transporting AC power, three conductors 5 may be twisted in order to energize three phases.
【0014】この超電導ケーブル1の円筒状巻芯の内
側、及び導体5と冷却管6との間の空間に液体水素を1kg/
cm2のゲージ圧で流し、2本の導体5に直流電流4kAを往復
で超電導状態で通電することができた。さらに、短絡試
験を行ったところ、液体水素に引火することなく、安全
であることが分かった。1 kg / kg of liquid hydrogen is applied to the inside of the cylindrical core of the superconducting cable 1 and the space between the conductor 5 and the cooling pipe 6.
It flowed at a gauge pressure of cm 2, and can be energized in a superconducting state at a reciprocating direct current 4kA the two conductors 5. Further, when a short-circuit test was performed, it was found that the liquid hydrogen was safe without ignition.
【0015】(実施の形態の第2)以下に本発明の実施の
形態の第2について、図2に示した超電導ケーブルを用い
て説明する。導体層5は、外径21mmで厚さが1mmのステン
レス鋼製のスパイラル管の外周に直径が2mmの銅線を32
本撚り合わせた外径が25mmの巻芯2に、ピッチが約300m
m、1層当たり18本の超電導線3を螺旋状に巻き付けた4層
で形成されている。ここで、超電導線3は、MgB2製であ
り、その特性は図3としての表1に示した。(Second Embodiment) A second embodiment of the present invention will be described below using the superconducting cable shown in FIG. The conductor layer 5 is made of a stainless steel spiral tube having an outer diameter of 21 mm and a thickness of 1 mm, and a copper wire having a diameter of 2 mm on the outer periphery of the spiral tube.
The core 2 with an outer diameter of 25 mm that has been twisted, with a pitch of about 300 m
m, each layer is formed of four layers in which 18 superconducting wires 3 are spirally wound. Here, the superconducting wire 3 is made of MgB 2 and its characteristics are shown in Table 1 as FIG.
【0016】本例では、導体層5の外側に保護層9を形成
している。この保護層は、幅が30mm、厚さが0.2mmの銅
テープを2層巻きつけたものである。保護層9を設ける目
的は、超電導線が冷却管の波付け部分に直接接触すると
歪が加わって超電導性が低下するので、テープを巻きつ
け直接触れないようにするためである。In this embodiment, a protective layer 9 is formed outside the conductor layer 5. This protective layer is formed by winding two layers of a copper tape having a width of 30 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm. The purpose of providing the protective layer 9 is to prevent the superconducting wire from directly touching because the superconducting wire directly contacts the corrugated portion of the cooling pipe, which causes distortion and reduces superconductivity.
【0017】この導体5の1本を、直径が30mm、厚さ2mm
のステンレス鋼製コルゲート管からなる冷却管6に収容
した。そして、冷却管6の外側に、幅500mm、厚さ0.1mm
のポリエステルフィルムの片面にアルミニウムを50nm蒸
着したシートを30層巻き付けて多層断熱材7を形成し
て、直径50mm、厚さ2mmのステンレス鋼製のコルゲート
管からなる真空断熱管8に収容した。真空断熱管8内は、
ガスによる冷却管6への熱伝導を主に低減することを目
的に大気圧以下、例えば1×10-3Pa程度に保持される。One of the conductors 5 has a diameter of 30 mm and a thickness of 2 mm.
Of a stainless steel corrugated pipe. And outside the cooling pipe 6, width 500mm, thickness 0.1mm
A multilayer heat insulating material 7 was formed by winding 30 layers of a 50 nm thick sheet of aluminum on one side of the polyester film, and housed in a vacuum heat insulating tube 8 made of a stainless steel corrugated tube having a diameter of 50 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. Inside the vacuum insulation tube 8
The pressure is maintained at or below the atmospheric pressure, for example, about 1 × 10 −3 Pa for the purpose of mainly reducing the heat conduction to the cooling pipe 6 by the gas.
【0018】本例では、真空断熱管8の外側に電気絶縁
層10が形成される。電気絶縁層10は、架橋ポリエチレン
(厚さ11mm)を被覆した。本例では、電気絶縁層10を、冷
媒と接することのない常温の部分に設けるので、絶縁材
料としてCVケーブルと同じようにプラスチックを用いる
ことが可能である。プラスチック以外に、クラフト紙、
OPPLなどの半合成紙も用いることができる。また、電気
絶縁層10の厚さはケーブルの耐電圧値によって変わるこ
とがある。In this embodiment, an electric insulating layer 10 is formed outside the vacuum heat insulating tube 8. The electrical insulation layer 10 is made of cross-linked polyethylene
(11 mm thick). In this example, since the electrical insulating layer 10 is provided at a portion at room temperature that does not come into contact with the refrigerant, it is possible to use plastic as the insulating material as in the case of the CV cable. Besides plastic, kraft paper,
Semi-synthetic paper such as OPPL can also be used. Further, the thickness of the electric insulating layer 10 may change depending on the withstand voltage value of the cable.
【0019】電気絶縁層10の外側には、保護用ステンレ
ス鋼製シース11を形成する。この保護用ステンレス鋼製
シース11は、幅が30mm、厚さ0.2mmのステンレス鋼製の
テープを2層巻きつけたもので、目的は絶縁層の保護で
ある。Outside the electrical insulating layer 10, a protective stainless steel sheath 11 is formed. The protective stainless steel sheath 11 is formed by winding two layers of stainless steel tape having a width of 30 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm, and the purpose is to protect the insulating layer.
【0020】この超電導ケーブル1の円筒状巻芯の内
側、及び導体5と冷却管6との間の空間に液体水素を1kg/
cm2のゲージ圧で流し、導体5に直流電流4kAを往復で超
電導状態で通電することができた。さらに、短絡試験を
行ったところ、液体水素に引火することなく、安全であ
ることが分かった。1 kg / kg of liquid hydrogen is applied to the inside of the cylindrical core of the superconducting cable 1 and the space between the conductor 5 and the cooling pipe 6.
A current of 4 kA was applied to the conductor 5 in a reciprocating manner in a superconducting state, with a gauge pressure of 2 cm 2 . Further, when a short-circuit test was performed, it was found that the liquid hydrogen was safe without ignition.
【発明の効果】本発明により、電力を低損失で輸送し、
かつ水素ガスおよび液体水素を安全に輸送できる超電導
ケーブルを提供できる。According to the present invention, power can be transported with low loss,
A superconducting cable capable of safely transporting hydrogen gas and liquid hydrogen can be provided.
【図1】本発明の第1の実施の形態の超電導ケーブルを示
す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a superconducting cable according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図2】本発明の第2の実施の形態の超電導ケーブルを示
す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a superconducting cable according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図3】図3としての表1に示した本発明に係わるMgB2超
電導線の特性である。FIG. 3 shows characteristics of the MgB 2 superconducting wire according to the present invention shown in Table 1 as FIG.
【図4】図4としての表2に示した酸化物超電導線の特性
である。FIG. 4 shows characteristics of the oxide superconducting wire shown in Table 2 as FIG.
1 超電導ケーブル 2 巻芯 3 超電導線 4 電気絶縁層 5 導体 6 冷却管 7 多層断熱材 8 真空断熱管 9 保護層 10 電気絶縁層 11 保護用ステンレス鋼製シース DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Superconducting cable 2 Core 3 Superconducting wire 4 Electric insulating layer 5 Conductor 6 Cooling pipe 7 Multilayer heat insulating material 8 Vacuum heat insulating pipe 9 Protective layer 10 Electric insulating layer 11 Protective stainless steel sheath
Claims (3)
電導ケーブル。 (a) MgB2を用いて作製された超電導線からなる導体
と、(b) 前記導体の超電導状態を維持するための液体
水素または冷却水素ガスを導通する冷却管。1. A superconducting cable comprising the following members. (a) a conductor made of a superconducting wire made of MgB 2 , and (b) a cooling pipe for conducting liquid hydrogen or cooling hydrogen gas for maintaining the superconducting state of the conductor.
求項1に記載の超電導ケーブル。 (a) 前記超電導線が、巻芯に螺旋状に巻き付けられて
形成された導体と、(b) 前記導体の外側に巻きつけら
れた電気絶縁層と、(c) 前記電気絶縁層の外周に、必
要に応じて巻線され、導体と逆位相のシールド電流が通
電されるシールド用の超電導線と、(d) 前記導体を収
容し、前記液体水素または冷却水素ガスが導通される冷
却管と、(e) 前記冷却管の外側に、巻きつけられるよ
うに形成された断熱材の層と、(f) 前記断熱材の層の
外側に、大気圧以下に保持できるように空間を備えて設
けられた真空断熱管。2. The superconducting cable according to claim 1, comprising the following members. (a) the superconducting wire, a conductor formed by being spirally wound around a core, (b) an electric insulating layer wound around the outside of the conductor, and (c) an outer periphery of the electric insulating layer. A shielded superconducting wire that is wound as necessary, and through which a shield current having a phase opposite to that of the conductor flows, and (d) a cooling pipe containing the conductor and through which the liquid hydrogen or cooling hydrogen gas flows. (E) outside the cooling pipe, a layer of heat insulating material formed so as to be wound, and (f) outside the heat insulating layer, a space is provided so as to be able to be maintained at an atmospheric pressure or less. Vacuum insulation tube.
求項1に記載の超電導ケーブル。 (a) 前記超電導線が、巻芯に螺旋状に巻き付けられて
形成された導体と、(b) 前記導体の外側に巻きつけら
れた保護層と、(c) 前記保護層の巻かれた導体を収容
し、前記液体水素または冷却水素ガスが導通される冷却
管と、(d) 前記冷却管の外側に巻きつけられるように
形成された断熱材の層と、(e) 前記断熱材の層の外側
に、大気圧以下に保持するための空間を設けて配設され
た真空断熱管と、(f) 前記真空断熱管の外側に巻きつ
けられるように形成された電気絶縁層と、(g) 前記電
気絶縁層を保護するように、外側に巻きつけられるよう
に形成されたシース層。3. The superconducting cable according to claim 1, comprising the following members. (a) the superconducting wire, a conductor formed by being spirally wound around a core, (b) a protective layer wound around the outside of the conductor, and (c) a conductor wound with the protective layer A cooling pipe through which the liquid hydrogen or cooling hydrogen gas is passed, (d) a layer of heat insulating material formed so as to be wound around the outside of the cooling pipe, and (e) a layer of heat insulating material. Outside, a vacuum insulated pipe provided with a space for maintaining the pressure below the atmospheric pressure, (f) an electric insulating layer formed so as to be wound around the outside of the vacuum insulated pipe, (g A) a sheath layer formed so as to be wound around the outside so as to protect the electrical insulating layer;
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