JP2006316260A - Aqueous emulsion and its use - Google Patents

Aqueous emulsion and its use Download PDF

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JP2006316260A
JP2006316260A JP2006110431A JP2006110431A JP2006316260A JP 2006316260 A JP2006316260 A JP 2006316260A JP 2006110431 A JP2006110431 A JP 2006110431A JP 2006110431 A JP2006110431 A JP 2006110431A JP 2006316260 A JP2006316260 A JP 2006316260A
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aqueous emulsion
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resin
emulsion
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JP5224652B2 (en
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Mitsuo Shibuya
光夫 渋谷
Masahiro Saito
昌宏 斎藤
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Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an aqueous emulsion which has excellent emulsion stability, when produced, and has excellent mechanical stability, frozen stability, leaving stability at high temperature, and water-resistant adhesiveness, and to provide redispersible resin powder giving redispersed emulsions having excellent mechanical stability. <P>SOLUTION: This aqueous emulsion is characterized by comprising a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin having 1,2-diol structural units represented by the general formula (1) (R<SP>1</SP>, R<SP>2</SP>and R<SP>3</SP>are each independently H or an alkyl; R<SP>4</SP>is a single bond or a 1 to 3C alkylene which may have one or more alkyl groups), having an average polymerization degree of 200 to 600, and a saponification degree of ≥95 mol. %, and a polymer (B) comprising at least one unsaturated monomer selected from ethylenic unsaturated monomers and dienic monomers. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は水性エマルジョンに関し、さらに詳しくは、製造時の乳化重合安定性に優れ、高い安定性(機械、凍結、高温)と耐水接着性を有する水性エマルジョンおよびそれを用いた再分散性樹脂粉末に関する。   The present invention relates to an aqueous emulsion, and more particularly, to an aqueous emulsion having excellent emulsion polymerization stability during production, high stability (machine, freezing, high temperature) and water-resistant adhesion, and a redispersible resin powder using the same. .

従来より、酢酸ビニル系単量体やアクリル系単量体の乳化重合において、分散安定剤としてポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(以下、ポリビニルアルコールをPVAと略記する)が好適に使用されている。
さらに、得られた水性エマルジョンの機械安定性、凍結安定性および高温放置安定性の向上を目的として種々の変性PVA系樹脂が検討されており、例えば、分子末端にメルカプト基を有するPVA系重合体、界面活性剤、エチレン性不飽和単量体単位を主体とする、平均粒子径0.3μm以下の重合体を含有する水性エマルジョン(例えば、特許文献1参照。)、重合体粒子表面にブロックキャラクター[η]が0.6より大きく、ケン化度が95.0モル%より高く、かつ分子内に活性水素を有するPVA系樹脂を付着させた水性エマルジョン(例えば、特許文献2参照。)、保護コロイド安定剤としてアマイド変性PVAを用いて得られるアクリル系共重合体エマルジョン(例えば、特許文献3参照。)などが提案されている。
Conventionally, in emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate monomers and acrylic monomers, polyvinyl alcohol resins (hereinafter, polyvinyl alcohol is abbreviated as PVA) are preferably used as dispersion stabilizers.
Further, various modified PVA resins have been studied for the purpose of improving the mechanical stability, freezing stability and high temperature storage stability of the obtained aqueous emulsion. For example, PVA polymers having a mercapto group at the molecular end. , A surfactant, an aqueous emulsion mainly containing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit and containing a polymer having an average particle size of 0.3 μm or less (see, for example, Patent Document 1), and a block character on the surface of the polymer particles. [Η] is greater than 0.6, saponification degree is higher than 95.0 mol%, and an aqueous emulsion in which a PVA resin having active hydrogen in the molecule is adhered (see, for example, Patent Document 2), protection. An acrylic copolymer emulsion obtained using amide-modified PVA as a colloidal stabilizer (see, for example, Patent Document 3) has been proposed.

さらに近年では、輸送費用がかかる、保存時の凍結対策や使用後の廃液処理が必要などといった水性エマルジョンの問題点が改善された再分散性樹脂粉末が広く用いられている。かかる再分散性樹脂粉末は水性エマルジョンから水分を除去して粉末状にしたもので、再び水に分散させることで容易に水性エマルジョンとなるが、良好な再分散性を得るためには分散安定剤の選択が重要となり、例えば、分子内にエチレン単位を1〜12モル%含有するPVA系樹脂を分散剤とし、不飽和単量体単位を有する重合体を分散質とするエマルジョンを乾燥して得られる合成樹脂エマルジョン粉末(例えば、特許文献4参照。)などが提案されている。
特開2003−171567号公報 特開2003−277419号公報 特開2004−018692号公報 特開2004−131720号公報
Furthermore, in recent years, redispersible resin powders that have improved the problems of aqueous emulsions, such as high transportation costs, countermeasures against freezing during storage and treatment of waste liquid after use, have been widely used. Such a redispersible resin powder is obtained by removing water from an aqueous emulsion to form a powder, and when dispersed again in water, it easily becomes an aqueous emulsion. However, in order to obtain good redispersibility, a dispersion stabilizer For example, by drying an emulsion containing a PVA resin containing 1 to 12 mol% of ethylene units in the molecule as a dispersant and a polymer having unsaturated monomer units as a dispersoid. Synthetic resin emulsion powders (see, for example, Patent Document 4) have been proposed.
JP 2003-171567 A JP 2003-277419 A JP 2004-018692 A JP 2004-131720 A

しなしながら、本発明者が特許文献1〜3に記載の水性エマルジョンについて詳細に検討を行ったところ、いずれの水性エマルジョンも機械安定性、凍結安定性についてはかなり改善されているものの、市場から要求されているレベルからみると、高温での放置安定性についてはまだまだ充分ではなく、耐水接着力に関しても改良の余地があることが判明した。また、特許文献4に記載の再分散性樹脂粉末は水への再分散性は良好であるものの、得られた再分散エマルジョンの機械安定性が不充分であることが判明した。
すなわち、機械安定性、凍結安定性とともに高温での長期放置安定性が優れ、耐水接着力に優れた水性エマルジョン、およびかかる水性エマルジョンより水分を除去して得られ、水への再分散性、再分散エマルジョンの機械安定性に優れた再分散性樹脂粉末が望まれるところである。
However, when the present inventor made a detailed study on the aqueous emulsions described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, all of the aqueous emulsions were considerably improved in terms of mechanical stability and freezing stability. From the required level, it was found that the storage stability at high temperatures is still not sufficient, and there is room for improvement in terms of water-resistant adhesion. Moreover, although the redispersible resin powder described in Patent Document 4 has good redispersibility in water, it has been found that the mechanical stability of the obtained redispersed emulsion is insufficient.
In other words, it is excellent in mechanical stability and freezing stability as well as long-term storage stability at high temperatures, and has excellent water-resistant adhesion, and is obtained by removing water from such an aqueous emulsion. A redispersible resin powder excellent in mechanical stability of a dispersed emulsion is desired.

しかるに、本発明者はかかる事情に鑑み鋭意研究を重ねた結果、下記一般式(1)で表される1,2−ジオール構造単位を有し、かつ平均重合度200〜600でケン化度が95モル%以上であるPVA系樹脂(A)とエチレン性不飽和単量体およびジエン系単量体から選ばれる少なくとも一種の不飽和単量体からなる重合体(B)を含有する水性エマルジョンが上記目的に合致することを見出し、本発明を完成した。

Figure 2006316260

[式中、R1、R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立して水素原子又はアルキル基を示し、R4は単結合またはアルキル基を有していてもよい炭素数1〜3のアルキレン基を示す。] However, as a result of intensive studies in view of such circumstances, the present inventor has a 1,2-diol structural unit represented by the following general formula (1), and has an average polymerization degree of 200 to 600 and a saponification degree. An aqueous emulsion comprising a PVA resin (A) that is 95 mol% or more and a polymer (B) comprising at least one unsaturated monomer selected from ethylenically unsaturated monomers and diene monomers. The present invention was completed by finding out that the above object was met.
Figure 2006316260

[Wherein, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and R 4 represents a C 1-3 alkylene group which may have a single bond or an alkyl group. . ]

また、かかるPVA系樹脂(A)が、ビニルエステル系モノマーと下記一般式(2)で示される化合物との共重合体をケン化して得られたものであることが好ましい。

Figure 2006316260

[式中、R1、R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立して水素原子又はアルキル基を示し、R4は単結合またはアルキル基を有していてもよい炭素数1〜3のアルキレン基を示し、R5およびR6はそれぞれ独立して水素又はR7−CO−(式中、R7はアルキル基である)である] The PVA resin (A) is preferably obtained by saponifying a copolymer of a vinyl ester monomer and a compound represented by the following general formula (2).
Figure 2006316260

[Wherein, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and R 4 represents a C 1-3 alkylene group which may have a single bond or an alkyl group. , R 5 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen or R 7 —CO— (wherein R 7 is an alkyl group)]

また、かかる重合体(B)がPVA系樹脂(A)を乳化剤としてエチレン性不飽和単量体およびジエン系単量体から選ばれる少なくとも一種の不飽和単量体を乳化重合して得られたものであることが好ましい。   Further, the polymer (B) was obtained by emulsion polymerization of at least one unsaturated monomer selected from ethylenically unsaturated monomers and diene monomers using the PVA resin (A) as an emulsifier. It is preferable.

すなわち本発明は、エーテル結合を介して1,2−ジオール成分を有する側鎖を有し、比較的低重合度かつ高ケン化度であるPVA系樹脂を、不飽和単量体を乳化重合する際の乳化剤として用いたことを最大の特徴とするものであり、それによって、本発明特有の効果が得られたものである。   That is, the present invention emulsion-polymerizes an unsaturated monomer with a PVA resin having a side chain having a 1,2-diol component via an ether bond and having a relatively low polymerization degree and a high saponification degree. It is characterized by the fact that it is used as an emulsifier at the time, and thereby, an effect peculiar to the present invention is obtained.

本発明の水性エマルジョンは製造時の乳化重合安定性に優れ、高い安定性(機械安定性、凍結安定性、高温での放置安定性)を有するとともに、水分を除去することで粉末状とすることが可能で、その再分散エマルジョンも機械安定性が良好であり、これらのエマルジョンからは耐水接着性に優れた接着剤が得られる。   The aqueous emulsion of the present invention is excellent in emulsion polymerization stability at the time of manufacture, has high stability (mechanical stability, freezing stability, stability at high temperature), and is powdered by removing moisture. The redispersed emulsion also has good mechanical stability, and an adhesive excellent in water-resistant adhesion can be obtained from these emulsions.

以下に記載する構成要件の説明は、本発明の実施態様の一例(代表例)であり、これらの内容に特定されるものではない。
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
The description of the constituent requirements described below is an example (representative example) of an embodiment of the present invention, and is not limited to these contents.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

本発明で用いられる側鎖に1,2−ジオール成分を含有するPVA系樹脂(A)について詳しく説明する。
本発明で用いられるPVA系樹脂(A)は、下記一般式(1)で表される1,2−ジオール構造単位を有し、かつ平均重合度200〜600でケン化度が95モル%以上であるPVA系樹脂であり、一般式(1)においてR1、R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立して水素原子又はアルキル基を示し、R4は単結合またはアルキル基を有していてもよい炭素数1〜3のアルキレン基を示す。

Figure 2006316260
The PVA resin (A) containing a 1,2-diol component in the side chain used in the present invention will be described in detail.
The PVA resin (A) used in the present invention has a 1,2-diol structural unit represented by the following general formula (1), and has an average polymerization degree of 200 to 600 and a saponification degree of 95 mol% or more. In the general formula (1), R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and R 4 may have a single bond or an alkyl group. An alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is shown.
Figure 2006316260

なお、かかるPVA系樹脂(A)における一般式(1)で表される1,2−ジオール構造単位の含有量は1〜15モル%程度であることが好ましく、残る部分は通常のPVA系樹脂と同様、ケン化度相当量のビニルアルコール構造単位と、それ以外の酢酸ビニル構造単位からなる。   In addition, it is preferable that content of the 1, 2-diol structural unit represented by General formula (1) in this PVA-type resin (A) is about 1-15 mol%, and the remaining part is normal PVA-type resin. In the same manner as above, it is composed of a vinyl alcohol structural unit corresponding to a saponification degree and other vinyl acetate structural units.

また、一般式(1)で表される1,2−ジオール構造単位中のR1〜R3はすべて水素原子であることが望ましいが、樹脂特性を大幅に損なわない程度の量であればアルキル基で置換されていてもよく、かかるアルキル基は、ハロゲン基、水酸基、エステル基、カルボン酸基、スルホン酸基等の置換基を有していてもよい。 Moreover, although it is desirable that all of R 1 to R 3 in the 1,2-diol structural unit represented by the general formula (1) are hydrogen atoms, alkyl is used so long as the resin properties are not significantly impaired. The alkyl group may be substituted with a group, and the alkyl group may have a substituent such as a halogen group, a hydroxyl group, an ester group, a carboxylic acid group, or a sulfonic acid group.

また、一般式(1)で表される1,2−ジオール構造単位中のR4は代表的には単結合あるいはメチレン基であり、本発明の目的を阻害しない範囲内で炭素数2あるいは3であるアルキレン基でもよく、かかるアルキレン基が置換基を有するものであってもよい。 R 4 in the 1,2-diol structural unit represented by the general formula (1) is typically a single bond or a methylene group, and has 2 or 3 carbon atoms within a range that does not impair the object of the present invention. May be an alkylene group, or the alkylene group may have a substituent.

本名発明で用いられるPVA系樹脂(A)の製造法は、特に限定されないが、ビニルエステル系モノマーと下記一般式(2)で表される化合物との共重合体をケン化する方法が好適に用いられる。

Figure 2006316260

かかる上記一般式(2)で示される化合物において、R1、R2、R3およびR4は上記一般式(1)と同様のものが挙げられ、R5およびR6はそれぞれ独立して水素又はR7−CO−(式中、R7はアルキル基である)である。 The production method of the PVA resin (A) used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but a method of saponifying a copolymer of a vinyl ester monomer and a compound represented by the following general formula (2) is preferable. Used.
Figure 2006316260

In the compound represented by the general formula (2), R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same as those in the general formula (1), and R 5 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen. Or R 7 —CO— (wherein R 7 is an alkyl group).

かかる一般式(2)で示される化合物としては、グリセリンモノアリルエーテル、2,3−ジアセトキシ−1−アリルオキシプロパン、2−アセトキシ−1−アリルオキシ−3−ヒドロキシプロパン、3−アセトキシ−1−アリルオキシ−2−ヒドロキシプロパン、グリセリンモノビニルエーテル、グリセリンモノイソプロペニルエーテル、などが挙げられる。なかでも、共重合反応性および工業的な取り扱いにおいて優れるという点で、R1、R2、R3が水素、R4がメチレン、R5、R6が水素であるグリセリンモノアリルエーテルや、R1、R2、R3が水素、R4がメチレン、R5、R6がR7−CO−でありR7がメチル基である2,3−ジアセトキシ−1−アリルオキシプロパンが好ましく、そのなかでもグリセリンモノアリルエーテルがより好ましい。 Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (2) include glycerin monoallyl ether, 2,3-diacetoxy-1-allyloxypropane, 2-acetoxy-1-allyloxy-3-hydroxypropane, and 3-acetoxy-1-allyloxy. -2-hydroxypropane, glycerin monovinyl ether, glycerin monoisopropenyl ether, and the like. Among them, glycerin monoallyl ether in which R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, R 4 is methylene, R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen, and R is excellent in copolymerization reactivity and industrial handling. 1,3-diacetoxy-1-allyloxypropane, wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, R 4 is methylene, R 5 and R 6 are R 7 —CO— and R 7 is a methyl group, Of these, glycerin monoallyl ether is more preferable.

ビニルエステル系モノマーとしては、例えばギ酸ビニル、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、バレリン酸ビニル、酪酸ビニル、イソ酪酸ビニル、ピバリン酸ビニル、カプリン酸ビニル、ラウリン酸ビニル、ステアリン酸ビニル、安息香酸ビニル、バーサチック酸ビニル等が挙げられる。なかでも、経済的な点から酢酸ビニルが好ましく用いられる。   Examples of vinyl ester monomers include vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl valelate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl isobutyrate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl caprate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate, vinyl benzoate, versatic. Examples thereof include vinyl acid. Of these, vinyl acetate is preferably used from the economical viewpoint.

また、本発明においては上記の共重合成分以外にも本発明の目的を阻害しない範囲で他のモノマーを0.5〜10モル%程度共重合させることも可能で、例えばエチレン、プロピレン、イソブチレン、α−オクテン、α−ドデセン、α−オクタデセン等のオレフィン類、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、クロトン酸、マレイン酸、無水マレイン酸、イタコン酸等の不飽和酸類あるいはその塩あるいはモノ又はジアルキルエステル等、アクリロニトリル、メタアクリロニトリル等のニトリル類、ジアセトンアクリルアミド、アクリルアミド、メタクリルアミド等のアミド類、エチレンスルホン酸、アリルスルホン酸、メタアリルスルホン酸等のオレフィンスルホン酸あるいはその塩、アルキルビニルエーテル類、ジメチルアリルビニルケトン、N−ビニルピロリドン、塩化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、ポリオキシエチレン(メタ)アリルエーテル、ポリオキシプロピレン(メタ)アリルエーテル等のポリオキシアルキレン(メタ)アリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレン(メタ)アクリレート、ポリオキシプロピレン(メタ)アクリレート等のポリオキシアルキレン(メタ)アクリレート、ポリオキシエチレン(メタ)アクリルアミド、ポリオキシプロピレン(メタ)アクリルアミド等のポリオキシアルキレン(メタ)アクリルアミド、ポリオキシエチレン(1−(メタ)アクリルアミド−1,1−ジメチルプロピル)エステル、ポリオキシエチレンビニルエーテル、ポリオキシプロピレンビニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアリルアミン、ポリオキシプロピレンアリルアミン、ポリオキシエチレンビニルアミン、ポリオキシプロピレンビニルアミン等が挙げられる。   In addition, in the present invention, it is possible to copolymerize other monomers other than the above-described copolymerization components in an amount of about 0.5 to 10 mol% within a range not impairing the object of the present invention. For example, ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, Olefins such as α-octene, α-dodecene, α-octadecene, unsaturated acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, salts thereof, mono- or dialkyl esters, acrylonitrile, etc. , Nitriles such as methacrylonitrile, amides such as diacetone acrylamide, acrylamide and methacrylamide, olefin sulfonic acids such as ethylene sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid and methallyl sulfonic acid or salts thereof, alkyl vinyl ethers, dimethylallyl vinyl ketone , N-bi Polypyrrolidone, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, polyoxyethylene (meth) allyl ether, polyoxyalkylene (meth) allyl ether such as polyoxypropylene (meth) allyl ether, polyoxyethylene (meth) acrylate, polyoxypropylene (meta ) Polyoxyalkylene (meth) acrylates such as acrylate, polyoxyethylene (meth) acrylamide, polyoxyalkylene (meth) acrylamides such as polyoxypropylene (meth) acrylamide, polyoxyethylene (1- (meth) acrylamide-1, 1-dimethylpropyl) ester, polyoxyethylene vinyl ether, polyoxypropylene vinyl ether, polyoxyethylene allylamine, polyoxypropylene allylamine, polyoxyethylene Ren vinylamine, polyoxypropylene vinyl amine.

さらに、N−アクリルアミドメチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド、N−アクリルアミドエチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド、N−アクリルアミドプロピルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド、2−アクリロキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド、2−メタクリロキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド、2−ヒドロキシ−3−メタクリロイルオキシプロピルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド、アリルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド、メタアリルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド、3−ブテントリメチルアンモニウムクロライド、ジメチルジアリルアンモニウムクロリド、ジエチルジアリルアンモニウムクロライド等のカチオン基含有モノマー、アセトアセチル基含有モノマー、エチレンカーボネート、ビニルエチレンカーボネート、3,4−ジアシロキシ−1−ブテン、2,2−ジアルキル−4−ビニル−1,3−ジオキソラン、酢酸イソプロペニル、1−メトキシビニルアセテート等も挙げられる。   Furthermore, N-acrylamidomethyltrimethylammonium chloride, N-acrylamidoethyltrimethylammonium chloride, N-acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, 2-acryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, 2-methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, 2-hydroxy-3- Cationic group-containing monomers such as methacryloyloxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, allyltrimethylammonium chloride, methallyltrimethylammonium chloride, 3-butenetrimethylammonium chloride, dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, diethyldiallylammonium chloride, acetoacetyl group-containing monomer, ethylene carbonate, Bi Le ethylene carbonate, 3,4-diacyloxy-1-butene, 2,2-dialkyl-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane, isopropenyl acetate, also 1-methoxy-vinyl acetate, and the like.

上記のビニルエステル系モノマーと式(1)で示される化合物(さらには他のモノマー)を共重合するに当たっては特に制限はなく、塊状重合、溶液重合、懸濁重合、分散重合、またはエマルジョン重合等の公知の方法を採用することができるが、通常は溶液重合が行われる。
共重合時のモノマー成分の仕込み方法としては特に制限されず、一括仕込み、分割仕込み、連続仕込み等任意の方法が採用されるが、式(1)で示される化合物がポリビニルエステル系ポリマーの分子鎖中に均一に分布させられる点から重合処方は滴下重合が好ましく、特にはHANNA法に基づく重合方法が好ましい。
There are no particular limitations on the copolymerization of the vinyl ester monomer and the compound represented by formula (1) (and other monomers), such as bulk polymerization, solution polymerization, suspension polymerization, dispersion polymerization, or emulsion polymerization. Although known methods can be employed, solution polymerization is usually performed.
The method for charging the monomer component at the time of copolymerization is not particularly limited, and any method such as batch charging, split charging, continuous charging, etc. may be employed. The compound represented by the formula (1) is a molecular chain of a polyvinyl ester polymer. The polymerization prescription is preferably drop polymerization from the viewpoint of being uniformly distributed therein, and in particular, a polymerization method based on the HANNA method is preferable.

かかる共重合で用いられる溶媒としては、通常、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール、n−プロパノール、ブタノール等の低級アルコールやアセトン、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン類等が挙げられ、工業的にはメタノールが好適に使用される。
溶媒の使用量は目的とする共重合体の重合度に合わせて溶媒の連鎖移動定数を考慮して適宜選択すればよく、例えば、溶媒がメタノールの時はS(溶媒)/M(モノマー)=0.01〜10(重量比)、好ましくは0.05〜3(重量比)程度の範囲から選択される。
Examples of the solvent used in such copolymerization usually include lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-propanol and butanol, and ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, and methanol is preferably used industrially. Is done.
The amount of the solvent used may be appropriately selected in consideration of the chain transfer constant of the solvent in accordance with the degree of polymerization of the target copolymer. For example, when the solvent is methanol, S (solvent) / M (monomer) = It is selected from a range of about 0.01 to 10 (weight ratio), preferably about 0.05 to 3 (weight ratio).

共重合に当たっては重合触媒が用いられ、かかる重合触媒としては、例えばアゾビスイソブチロニトリル、過酸化アセチル、過酸化ベンゾイル、過酸化ラウリル等の公知のラジカル重合触媒やアゾビスジメチルバレロニトリル、アゾビスメトキシジメチルバレロニトリル等の低温活性ラジカル重合触媒等が挙げられ、重合触媒の使用量は触媒の種類により異なり一概には決められないが、重合速度に応じて任意に選択される。例えば、アゾイソブチロニトリルや過酸化アセチルを用いる場合、ビニルエステル系モノマーに対して0.05〜0.7モル%が好ましく、特には0.1〜0.5モル%が好ましい。
また、共重合反応の反応温度は使用する溶媒や圧力により30℃〜沸点程度で行われ、より具体的には35〜150℃、好ましくは40〜75℃の範囲で行われる。
For the copolymerization, a polymerization catalyst is used. Examples of the polymerization catalyst include known radical polymerization catalysts such as azobisisobutyronitrile, acetyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide, azobisdimethylvaleronitrile, azo Examples include low-temperature active radical polymerization catalysts such as bismethoxydimethylvaleronitrile, and the amount of polymerization catalyst used varies depending on the type of catalyst and cannot be determined unconditionally, but is arbitrarily selected according to the polymerization rate. For example, when azoisobutyronitrile or acetyl peroxide is used, 0.05 to 0.7 mol% is preferable with respect to the vinyl ester monomer, and 0.1 to 0.5 mol% is particularly preferable.
The reaction temperature of the copolymerization reaction is about 30 ° C. to the boiling point depending on the solvent and pressure used, more specifically 35 to 150 ° C., preferably 40 to 75 ° C.

本発明においては式(1)で示される化合物の共重合割合は特に限定されないが、後述の1,2−グリコール成分の導入量に合わせて共重合割合を決定すればよい。   In the present invention, the copolymerization ratio of the compound represented by formula (1) is not particularly limited, but the copolymerization ratio may be determined in accordance with the amount of 1,2-glycol component introduced later.

得られた共重合体は次いでケン化されるのであるが、かかるケン化にあたっては上記で得られた共重合体をアルコール又は含水アルコールに溶解し、アルカリ触媒又は酸触媒を用いて行われる。アルコールとしてはメタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、tert−ブタノール等が挙げられるが、メタノールが特に好ましく用いられる。アルコール中の共重合体の濃度は系の粘度により適宜選択されるが、通常は10〜60重量%の範囲から選ばれる。ケン化に使用される触媒としては水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、ナトリウムメチラート、ナトリウムエチラート、カリウムメチラート、リチウムメチラート等のアルカリ金属の水酸化物やアルコラートの如きアルカリ触媒、硫酸、塩酸、硝酸、メタスルフォン酸、ゼオライト、カチオン交換樹脂等の酸触媒が挙げられる。   The obtained copolymer is then saponified. In such saponification, the copolymer obtained above is dissolved in an alcohol or a hydrous alcohol, and the reaction is carried out using an alkali catalyst or an acid catalyst. Examples of the alcohol include methanol, ethanol, propanol, tert-butanol and the like, and methanol is particularly preferably used. The concentration of the copolymer in the alcohol is appropriately selected depending on the viscosity of the system, but is usually selected from the range of 10 to 60% by weight. Catalysts used for saponification include alkali catalysts such as hydroxides and alcoholates of alkali metals such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, potassium methylate, lithium methylate, alcoholates, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid Acid catalysts such as nitric acid, metasulfonic acid, zeolite, and cation exchange resin.

かかるケン化触媒の使用量については、ケン化方法、目標とするケン化度等により適宜選択されるが、アルカリ触媒を使用する場合は通常、ビニルエステル系モノマー1モルに対して0.1〜30ミリモル、好ましくは2〜17ミリモルの割合が適当である。   The amount of the saponification catalyst used is appropriately selected depending on the saponification method, the target degree of saponification, and the like. When an alkali catalyst is used, it is usually 0.1 to 1 mol of the vinyl ester monomer. A proportion of 30 mmol, preferably 2 to 17 mmol, is suitable.

かくして得られるPVA系樹脂(A)の平均重合度(JIS K6726に準拠して測定)は200〜600、さらには200〜450、特には250〜400であることが必要で、かかる平均重合度が小さすぎると得られた水性エマルジョンの機械安定性、凍結安定性および高温での放置安定性が不充分となり、逆に大きすぎると乳化重合時の重合安定性が低下するため不適である。   The average polymerization degree (measured in accordance with JIS K6726) of the PVA resin (A) thus obtained is required to be 200 to 600, more preferably 200 to 450, and particularly 250 to 400. If it is too small, the resulting aqueous emulsion will have insufficient mechanical stability, freezing stability and high-temperature storage stability. On the other hand, if it is too large, the polymerization stability during emulsion polymerization will be reduced, which is not suitable.

また、かかるPVA系樹脂(A)のケン化度は95モル%以上、さらには96モル%以上、特には97モル%以上であることが必要で、かかるケン化度が低すぎると乳化重合時の重合安定性が極端に低下して、水性エマルジョンを得ることが困難になるため不適である。   Further, the saponification degree of the PVA-based resin (A) needs to be 95 mol% or more, more preferably 96 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 97 mol% or more. This is unsuitable because the polymerization stability is extremely lowered, making it difficult to obtain an aqueous emulsion.

また、本発明のPVA系樹脂(A)の側鎖に存在する1,2−ジオール成分の含有量は、特に限定されないが、1〜15モル%、さらには1〜12モル%、特には2〜10モル%、殊に3〜8モル%であることが好ましい。かかる1,2−ジオール成分の含有量が少なすぎると本発明の作用効果が十分に得られず、逆に多すぎると不飽和単量体を乳化重合する際に重合安定性が低下するために好ましくない。   Further, the content of the 1,2-diol component present in the side chain of the PVA resin (A) of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is 1 to 15 mol%, further 1 to 12 mol%, and particularly 2 It is preferably 10 to 10 mol%, particularly 3 to 8 mol%. If the content of the 1,2-diol component is too small, the effects of the present invention cannot be obtained sufficiently. On the other hand, if the content is too large, the polymerization stability is lowered when the unsaturated monomer is emulsion-polymerized. It is not preferable.

なお、PVA系樹脂に1,2−ジオール成分を導入する手段としては、本発明で用いられるPVA系樹脂(A)のように共重合によって側鎖の導入する方法と、重合を高温で行い、頭−頭結合の割合を増やすことで主鎖に導入する方法が挙げられるが、後者の方法で得られる主鎖1,2−ジオール結合は熱安定性が不十分である場合があり、またその導入量に限界があり、3モル%以上の導入は事実上不可能であるため十分な特性が得られない場合があるが、本発明のPVA系樹脂は1,2−ジオール成分の含有量を上述の範囲内で任意に制御することが可能である。   As a means for introducing the 1,2-diol component into the PVA resin, a method of introducing side chains by copolymerization as in the PVA resin (A) used in the present invention, polymerization is performed at a high temperature, Although the method of introduce | transducing into a principal chain by increasing the ratio of a head-head bond is mentioned, the main chain 1, 2-diol bond obtained by the latter method may be insufficient in thermal stability, and the The introduction amount is limited, and introduction of 3 mol% or more is practically impossible, so sufficient characteristics may not be obtained. However, the PVA resin of the present invention has a content of 1,2-diol component. It is possible to arbitrarily control within the above-mentioned range.

また、本発明で使用されるPVA系樹脂(A)は、二種類以上の異なるPVA系樹脂の混合物であってもよく、かかる他の異なるPVA系樹脂としては、一般式(1)で表される1,2−ジオール構造単位の含有量が異なるもの、ケン化度が異なるもの、重合度が異なるもの、他の共重合成分が異なるものなどを挙げることができる。   The PVA resin (A) used in the present invention may be a mixture of two or more different PVA resins, and the other different PVA resins are represented by the general formula (1). Examples thereof include those having different contents of 1,2-diol structural units, those having different degrees of saponification, those having different degrees of polymerization, and those having different other copolymerization components.

つぎに、重合体(B)について説明する。
かかる重合体(B)はエチレン性不飽和単量体及びジエン系単量体から選ばれる少なくとも一種の不飽和単量体を重合してなる重合体であリ、かかるエチレン性不飽和単量体やジエン系単量体としてはエマルジョン重合に多く用いられる単量体が主として挙げられ、代表的なものとしてはビニルエステル系単量体、アクリル酸またはそのエステル系単量体、ジエン系単量体等、オレフィン系単量体、アクリルアミド系単量体、アクリルニトリル系単量体、スチレン系単量体、ビニルエーテル系単量体、アリル系単量体等が挙げられる。
Next, the polymer (B) will be described.
The polymer (B) is a polymer obtained by polymerizing at least one unsaturated monomer selected from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and a diene monomer, and the ethylenically unsaturated monomer. And diene monomers include monomers that are frequently used in emulsion polymerization, and representative examples include vinyl ester monomers, acrylic acid or its ester monomers, and diene monomers. Olefin monomers, acrylamide monomers, acrylonitrile monomers, styrene monomers, vinyl ether monomers, allyl monomers, and the like.

かかるビニルエステル系単量体としては、ギ酸ビニル、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、バレリン酸ビニル、酪酸ビニル、イソ酪酸ビニル、ピバリン酸ビニル、カプリン酸ビニル、ラウリン酸ビニル、ステアリン酸ビニル、安息香酸ビニル、バーサチック酸ビニル、1−メトキシビニルアセテート、酢酸イソプロペニル等が、アクリル酸またはそのエステル系単量体としては、(メタ)アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エチル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−プロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸i−プロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸i−ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸t−ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル、(メタ)アクリル酸ドデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸オクタデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸等が、ジエン系単量体としては、ブタジエン−1,3、2−メチルブタジエン、1,3又は2,3−ジメチルブタジエン−1,3、2−クロロブタジエン−1,3等をそれぞれ挙げることができる。   Such vinyl ester monomers include vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl valelate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl isobutyrate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl caprate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate, vinyl benzoate. , Vinyl versatate, 1-methoxyvinyl acetate, isopropenyl acetate, and acrylic acid or its ester monomers include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n- (meth) acrylate Propyl, i-propyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, i-butyl (meth) acrylate, t-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) Dodecyl acrylate, octadecyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylic acid, etc. Examples of the diene monomer, mention may be made of butadiene, 3,2-methyl butadiene, 1,3 or 2,3-dimethyl butadiene-1,3,2-chlorobutadiene-1,3 and the like, respectively.

さらに、オレフィン系単量体としては、エチレン、プロピレン、1−ブテン、イソブテン等のオレフィン系単量体や塩化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、フッ化ビニル、フッ化ビニリデン等のハロゲン化オレフィン類を、アクリルアミド系単量体としては、(メタ)アクリルアミド、N−メチロールアクリルアミド、N,N−ジメチルアクリルアミド、アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸、ジアセトンアクリルアミド等を、アクリルニトリル系単量体としては、(メタ)アクリルニトリル等を、スチレン系単量体としては、スチレン、α−メチルスチレン等を、ビニルエーテルとしては、メチルビニルエーテル、n−プロピルビニルエーテル、i−プロピルビニルエーテル、n−ブチルビニルエーテル、i−ブチルビニルエーテル、t−ブチルビニルエーテル、ドデシルビニルエーテル、ステアリルビニルエーテル等を、アリル系単量体としては、酢酸アリル、塩化アリル等をそれぞれ挙げることができる。   Furthermore, as olefin monomers, olefin monomers such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutene, and halogenated olefins such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, acrylamide As the monomer, (meth) acrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, diacetone acrylamide, etc., and as the acrylonitrile monomer, (meth) Acrylonitrile and the like, styrene monomers such as styrene and α-methylstyrene, and vinyl ethers such as methyl vinyl ether, n-propyl vinyl ether, i-propyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, i-butyl vinyl ether, t Butyl vinyl ether, dodecyl vinyl ether, stearyl vinyl ether, the allyl-based monomers, mention may be made of allyl acetate, allyl chloride, respectively.

また、上記以外にもフマル酸、(無水)マレイン酸、(無水)イタコン酸、無水トリメット酸等のカルボキシル基含有化合物及びそのエステルやエチレンスルホン酸、アリルスルホン酸、メタアリルスルホン酸、2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸等のスルホン酸基含有化合物、ビニルトリメトキシシラン等のビニルシラン化合物、更には酢酸イソプロペニル、3−(メタ)アクリルアミドプロピルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド等を挙げることができる。
上記の中でも、水性エマルジョンの耐アルカリ性を考慮すれば(メタ)アクリル酸またはそのエステル系単量体、スチレン系単量体、ブタジエン系単量体が好ましい。
In addition to the above, carboxyl group-containing compounds such as fumaric acid, (anhydrous) maleic acid, (anhydrous) itaconic acid, trimetic anhydride, and esters thereof, ethylene sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, methallyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamide Examples include sulfonic acid group-containing compounds such as 2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, vinylsilane compounds such as vinyltrimethoxysilane, isopropenyl acetate, and 3- (meth) acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride.
Among these, (meth) acrylic acid or an ester monomer thereof, a styrene monomer, or a butadiene monomer is preferable in consideration of the alkali resistance of the aqueous emulsion.

また、上記のエチレン性不飽和単量体やジエン系単量体はそれぞれ単独で重合に用いることも可能であるが、2種類以上混合して重合に用いること(共重合)も勿論可能である。   The above ethylenically unsaturated monomers and diene monomers can be used alone for polymerization, but it is of course possible to use a mixture of two or more types for polymerization (copolymerization). .

次に、本発明の水性エマルジョンの製造法について説明する。
水性エマルジョンを得るにあたっては、乳化重合、後乳化方法等の方法があり、前者の乳化重合を実施するに当たっては、イ)水、PVA系樹脂(A)及び重合触媒の存在下にエチレン性不飽和単量体及び/又はジエン系単量体を一時又は連続的に添加して、加熱、撹拌する如き通常の乳化重合法、ロ)水、PVA系樹脂(A)及び重合触媒の存在下にエチレン性不飽和単量体及び/又はジエン系単量体をPVA系樹脂(A)の水溶液に混合分散した分散液(プレエマルジョン)を一時又は連続的に添加して、加熱、撹拌する如き乳化重合法が実施し得る。
Next, the manufacturing method of the aqueous emulsion of this invention is demonstrated.
In obtaining an aqueous emulsion, there are methods such as emulsion polymerization and post-emulsification. In carrying out the former emulsion polymerization, a) ethylenic unsaturation in the presence of water, PVA resin (A) and a polymerization catalyst. Monomer and / or diene monomer is added temporarily or continuously, heated and stirred in the usual emulsion polymerization method, b) ethylene in the presence of water, PVA resin (A) and polymerization catalyst. Emulsification weight such that a dispersion (pre-emulsion) in which a water-soluble unsaturated monomer and / or diene monomer is mixed and dispersed in an aqueous solution of a PVA resin (A) is added temporarily or continuously, followed by heating and stirring. Legal can be implemented.

PVA系樹脂(A)の使用量としては、その種類やエマルジョンの樹脂分等によって多少異なるが、通常乳化重合反応系の全体に対して0.1〜30重量%、更には1〜25重量%、特には2〜20重量%とすることが好ましく、かかる使用量が少なすぎるとポリマー粒子の安定な乳化状態で維持することが困難となり、逆に多すぎるとエマルジョン粘度が上昇しすぎて作業性が低下したり、耐水性が低くなりすぎたりして好ましくない。   The amount of the PVA-based resin (A) used varies depending on the type and the resin content of the emulsion, but is usually 0.1 to 30% by weight, more preferably 1 to 25% by weight, based on the whole emulsion polymerization reaction system. In particular, it is preferably 2 to 20% by weight. If the amount used is too small, it will be difficult to maintain the polymer particles in a stable emulsified state. This is not preferable because the water resistance is lowered or the water resistance is too low.

重合開始剤としては、通常、普通過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸アンモニウム、臭素酸カリウム等がそれぞれ単独で又は酸性亜硫酸ナトリウムと併用して、更には過酸化水素−酒石酸、過酸化水素−鉄塩、過酸化水素−アスコルビン酸−鉄塩、過酸化水素−ロンガリット、過酸化水素−ロンガリット−鉄塩等の水溶性レドックス系重合開始剤が用いられ、具体的には化薬アクゾ社製『カヤブチルB』や同社製『カヤブチルA−50C』等の有機過酸化物とレドックス系からなる触媒を用いることもできる。
重合開始剤の添加方法としては特に制限はなく、初期に一括添加する方法や重合の経過に伴って連続的に添加する方法等を採用することができる。
As the polymerization initiator, usually potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, potassium bromate, etc. are used alone or in combination with acidic sodium sulfite, and further hydrogen peroxide-tartaric acid, hydrogen peroxide-iron salt, peroxide Water-soluble redox-based polymerization initiators such as hydrogen-ascorbic acid-iron salt, hydrogen peroxide-longalit, hydrogen peroxide-longalit-iron salt are used. Specifically, Kayabutyl B manufactured by Kayaku Akzo and its company A catalyst comprising an organic peroxide such as “Kayabutyl A-50C” and a redox system can also be used.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as the addition method of a polymerization initiator, The method of adding collectively at an initial stage, the method of adding continuously with progress of superposition | polymerization, etc. are employable.

上記の乳化重合においては分散安定剤として水溶性高分子や非イオン性活性剤、アニオン性活性剤を併用することもできる。
水溶性高分子としては上記のPVA系樹脂(A)以外の未変性PVA、カルボキシル基含有PVA、PVAのホルマール化物、アセタール化物、ブチラール化物、ウレタン化物、エステル化物(スルホン酸、カルボン酸等)、アセトアセチル化物、ジアセトンアクリルアミド化物、エチレンオキサイド変性物さらにはビニルエステルとそれと共重合可能な単量体との共重合体ケン化物等が挙げられる。ビニルエステルと共重合可能な単量体としてはエチレン、ブチレン、イソブチレン、α−オクテン、α−ドデセン、α−オクタデセン等のオレフィン類、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、クロトン酸、マレイン酸、無水マレイン酸、イタコン酸等の不飽和酸類あるいはその塩あるいはモノ又はジアルキルエステル等、アクリロニトリル、メタクリロニトリル等のニトリル類、アクリルアミド、ジアセトンアクリルアミド、メタクリルアミド等のアミド類、エチレンスルホン酸、アリルスルホン酸、メタアリルスルホン酸等のオレフィンスルホン酸あるいはその塩類、アルキルビニルエーテル類、ビニルケトン、N−ビニルピロリドン、塩化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン等が挙げられる。
In the above emulsion polymerization, a water-soluble polymer, a nonionic active agent, or an anionic active agent can be used in combination as a dispersion stabilizer.
As the water-soluble polymer, unmodified PVA other than the above PVA resin (A), carboxyl group-containing PVA, formalized product of PVA, acetalized product, butyralized product, urethanized product, esterified product (sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, etc.), Examples thereof include acetoacetylated products, diacetone acrylamide products, ethylene oxide-modified products, and saponified copolymers of vinyl esters and monomers copolymerizable therewith. Monomers copolymerizable with vinyl esters include olefins such as ethylene, butylene, isobutylene, α-octene, α-dodecene, α-octadecene, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, Unsaturated acids such as itaconic acid or its salts or mono- or dialkyl esters, nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, amides such as acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide and methacrylamide, ethylene sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, methallyl Examples thereof include olefin sulfonic acids such as sulfonic acid or salts thereof, alkyl vinyl ethers, vinyl ketone, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl chloride, and vinylidene chloride.

又、上記のPVA以外の水溶性高分子としてメチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、ヒドロキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシブチルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、アミノメチルヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、アミノエチルヒドロキシプロピルセルロース等のセルロース誘導体類、デンプン、トラガント、ペクチン、グルー、アルギン酸又はその塩、ゼラチン、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリアクリル酸又はその塩ポリメタクリル酸又はその塩、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリメタクリルアミド、酢酸ビニルとマレイン酸、無水マレイン酸、アクリル酸、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、イタコン酸、フマル酸、クロトン酸等不飽和酸との共重合体、スチレンと上記不飽和酸との共重合体、ビニルエーテルと上記不飽和酸との共重合体及び前記共重合体の塩類又はエステル類が挙げられる。   Further, as water-soluble polymers other than the above PVA, cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxybutyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aminomethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, aminoethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, Starch, tragacanth, pectin, glue, alginic acid or its salt, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid or its salt polymethacrylic acid or its salt, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, vinyl acetate and maleic acid, maleic anhydride, acrylic acid , Copolymers with unsaturated acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, styrene Copolymer of the unsaturated acid, salts or esters of the copolymer and the copolymer of vinyl ether and the unsaturated acid.

非イオン性活性剤としては、例えばポリオキシエチレン−アルキルエーテル型、ポリオキシエチレン−アルキルフェノール型、ポリオキシエチレン−多価アルコールエステル型、多価アルコールと脂肪酸とのエステル、オキシエチレン・オキシプロピレンブロックポリマー等が挙げられる。   Nonionic activators include, for example, polyoxyethylene-alkyl ether type, polyoxyethylene-alkylphenol type, polyoxyethylene-polyhydric alcohol ester type, ester of polyhydric alcohol and fatty acid, oxyethylene / oxypropylene block polymer Etc.

アニオン性活性剤としては、例えば高級アルコール硫酸塩、高級脂肪酸アルカリ塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェノールエーテル硫酸塩、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、ナフタリンスルホン酸塩ホルマリン縮合物、アルキルジフェニルエーテルスルホン酸塩、ジアルキルスルホコハク酸塩、高級アルコールリン酸エステル塩等が挙げられる。
更に、フタル酸エステル、リン酸エステル等の可塑剤、炭酸ナトリウム、酢酸ナトリウム、リン酸ナトリウム等のpH調整剤等も併用され得る。
Examples of anionic activators include higher alcohol sulfates, higher fatty acid alkali salts, polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ether sulfates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonate formalin condensates, alkyl diphenyl ether sulfonates, dialkyl sulfosuccinates, Examples include higher alcohol phosphate esters.
Furthermore, plasticizers such as phthalate esters and phosphate esters, pH adjusters such as sodium carbonate, sodium acetate, and sodium phosphate may be used in combination.

また、かかる乳化重合によって得られる重合体粒子の平均粒子径は200nm〜500
nm、さらに300nm〜450nmであることが好ましい。平均粒子径をかかる下限値以上に調整することにより最低造膜温度(MFT)が10℃以上となるエマルジョンが得られ、機械的安定性が向上する。また、上限値以下にすることにより粘性が得られ、Emの塗工の濡れ性やセメント混和剤用途等使用した場合の流動性や作業性が向上する。
なお、この場合の平均粒子径は大塚電子株式会社製ダイナミック光散乱光度計『DLS−700』を用い、ヒストグラム法にて算出した数平均粒子径である。
The average particle size of the polymer particles obtained by the emulsion polymerization is 200 nm to 500 nm.
nm, more preferably 300 nm to 450 nm. By adjusting the average particle diameter to the lower limit or higher, an emulsion having a minimum film-forming temperature (MFT) of 10 ° C. or higher is obtained, and mechanical stability is improved. Moreover, viscosity is acquired by making it below an upper limit, and the fluidity | liquidity and workability | operativity when using the wettability of Em coating, a cement admixture use, etc. improve.
The average particle size in this case is a number average particle size calculated by a histogram method using a dynamic light scattering photometer “DLS-700” manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.

また、エマルジョンの重合安定性及び機械的安定性をさらに向上させる目的で、PVA系樹脂(A)を乳化剤としながら水溶性の重合禁止剤を単量体に対して10〜500ppm、さらには10〜200ppm共存させることが好ましい。   Further, for the purpose of further improving the polymerization stability and mechanical stability of the emulsion, the water-soluble polymerization inhibitor is used in an amount of 10 to 500 ppm, more preferably 10 to 10% with respect to the monomer while using the PVA resin (A) as an emulsifier. It is preferable to coexist with 200 ppm.

かかる水溶性重合禁止剤としては特に限定されないが、例えば、チオシアン酸塩、亜硝酸塩、水溶性イオウ含有有機化合物等が挙げられ、チオシアン酸塩としては、チオシアン酸アンモニウム、チオシアン酸亜鉛、チオシアン酸ナトリウム、チオシアン酸カリウム、チオシアン酸アルミニウム等が挙げられる。亜硝酸塩としては、亜硝酸ナトリウム、亜硝酸カリウム、亜硝酸アンモニウム、亜硝酸カルシウム、亜硝酸銀、亜硝酸ストロンチウム、亜硝酸セシウム、亜硝酸バリウム、亜硝酸マグネシウム、亜硝酸リチウム、亜硝酸ジシクロヘキシルアンモニウム等を挙げることができる。水溶性イオウ含有有機化合物としてはメルカプトエタノール、モノチオプロピレングリコール、チオグリセロール等の水酸基置換メルカプタン;チオグリコール酸、チオヒドロアクリル酸、チオ乳酸、チオリンゴ酸等のメルカプトカルボン酸;チオエタノールアミン等のアミノ置換メルカプタン;β−ニトロエチルメルカプタン等のニトロ置換メルカプタン;1,2−ジチオグリセロール、1,3−ジチオグリセロール等の水酸基置換2価メルカプタン;1,3−ジメルカプトアセトン等のジメルカプトケトン;β,β−ジチオイソ酪酸等のジメルカプトカルボン酸;チオグリコール等の水酸基置換スルフィド;チオジグリコール等の水酸基置換スルフィド;チオジグリコール酸、β,β−チオジプロピオン酸、チオジ乳酸等のスルフィドカルボン酸;β−メチルチオプロピオンアルデヒド等のアルデヒド置換スルフィド;β−アミノエチルスルフィド等のアミノ置換スルフィド;β−ニトロエチルスルフィド等のニトロ置換スルフィド;β−メルカプトエチルスルフィド等のメルカプト置換スルフィド等を挙げることができる。該水溶性重合禁止剤の添加時期としてはアクリル系モノマーの重合転化率5〜75%の範囲であることが好ましい。5%より早い時期に添加されると重合系が分散不良となり得られるアクリル系エマルジョンに粗粒子が多くなる。また、重合転化率75%より後に添加されるとアクリルエマルジョン中の粗粒子生成の抑制や機械的安定性の向上効果の面で好ましくない。   Such water-soluble polymerization inhibitors are not particularly limited, and examples include thiocyanate, nitrite, and water-soluble sulfur-containing organic compounds. Examples of thiocyanate include ammonium thiocyanate, zinc thiocyanate, and sodium thiocyanate. , Potassium thiocyanate, aluminum thiocyanate and the like. Examples of nitrites include sodium nitrite, potassium nitrite, ammonium nitrite, calcium nitrite, silver nitrite, strontium nitrite, cesium nitrite, barium nitrite, magnesium nitrite, lithium nitrite, and dicyclohexylammonium nitrite. Can do. Examples of water-soluble sulfur-containing organic compounds include hydroxyl-substituted mercaptans such as mercaptoethanol, monothiopropylene glycol and thioglycerol; mercaptocarboxylic acids such as thioglycolic acid, thiohydroacrylic acid, thiolactic acid and thiomalic acid; amino such as thioethanolamine Substituted mercaptans; nitro-substituted mercaptans such as β-nitroethyl mercaptan; hydroxyl-substituted divalent mercaptans such as 1,2-dithioglycerol and 1,3-dithioglycerol; dimercaptoketones such as 1,3-dimercaptoacetone; Dimercaptocarboxylic acids such as β-dithioisobutyric acid; hydroxyl-substituted sulfides such as thioglycol; hydroxyl-substituted sulfides such as thiodiglycol; sulfide carbo-hydrates such as thiodiglycolic acid, β, β-thiodipropionic acid, thiodilactic acid Acids; Aldehyde-substituted sulfides such as β-methylthiopropionaldehyde; amino-substituted sulfides such as β-aminoethyl sulfide; nitro-substituted sulfides such as β-nitroethyl sulfide; mercapto-substituted sulfides such as β-mercaptoethyl sulfide Can do. The addition timing of the water-soluble polymerization inhibitor is preferably in the range of 5 to 75% polymerization conversion of the acrylic monomer. If added earlier than 5%, the polymerization system becomes poorly dispersed, resulting in an increase in coarse particles in the resulting acrylic emulsion. Further, when the polymerization conversion is added after 75%, it is not preferable in terms of suppressing the formation of coarse particles in the acrylic emulsion and improving the mechanical stability.

水溶性重合禁止剤を添加する際に用いる重合開始剤は油溶性であることが好ましく、予め単量体に溶解させて用いることが粗粒子の生成を抑制できる点でさらに好ましい。
かかる油溶性の重合開始剤としては特に限定されないが、例えばジイソプロピルパーオキシジカーボネート、ジ−2−エチルヘキシルパーオキシジカーボネート、ジエトキシエチルパーオキシジカーボネート等パーオキシジカーボネート化合物、t−ブチルパーオキシネオデカネート、α−クミルパーオキシネオデカネート等のパーオキシエステル化合物、アセチルシクロヘキシルスルホニルパーオキシド等の過酸化物、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、アゾビス−2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル、アゾビス(4−メトキシ−2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)等のアゾ化合物などを挙げることができる。
The polymerization initiator used when adding the water-soluble polymerization inhibitor is preferably oil-soluble, and more preferably used by dissolving it in a monomer in advance from the viewpoint of suppressing the formation of coarse particles.
Such an oil-soluble polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include peroxydicarbonate compounds such as diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexyl peroxydicarbonate, diethoxyethyl peroxydicarbonate, and t-butylperoxy. Peroxyester compounds such as neodecanate and α-cumylperoxyneodecanate, peroxides such as acetylcyclohexylsulfonyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile, azobis (4 And azo compounds such as -methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile).

必要であればポリオキシエチレン−アルキルエーテル型、ポリオキシエチレン−アルキルフェノール型、多価アルコールエステル型等の非イオン性活性剤、又は高級アルキルアミン塩等のカチオン性活性剤を始め、前記した乳化重合時に使用される各種界面活性剤が何れも併用可能である。又これらの活性剤は乳化対象物の方に混合しておくことも可能である。更にフタル酸エステル、酢酸ナトリウム、リン酸ナトリウム等のpH調整剤も併用され得る。   If necessary, the emulsion polymerization described above, including nonionic active agents such as polyoxyethylene-alkyl ether type, polyoxyethylene-alkylphenol type, polyhydric alcohol ester type, or cationic active agents such as higher alkylamine salts Any of various surfactants sometimes used can be used in combination. Further, these active agents can be mixed in the object to be emulsified. Furthermore, pH adjusters such as phthalate esters, sodium acetate, and sodium phosphate can be used in combination.

さらに得られる水性エマルジョンには必要に応じて架橋剤、耐水化剤、顔料、分散剤、消泡剤、油剤、粘性改質剤、粘着付与剤、増粘剤、保水剤、繊維柔軟剤、平滑剤、帯電防止剤等、各種用途に応じた添加剤を適宜混合することができる。   Furthermore, the obtained aqueous emulsion may contain a crosslinking agent, a water resistance agent, a pigment, a dispersant, an antifoaming agent, an oil agent, a viscosity modifier, a tackifier, a thickener, a water retention agent, a fiber softener, a smoothing agent as necessary. Additives according to various uses such as an agent and an antistatic agent can be appropriately mixed.

かくして得られた水性エマルジョンは機械安定性、凍結安定性、高温放置安定性に優れ、セメント・モルタル混和剤、セメント・モルタル塗布剤、土木用原料、塗料、接着剤、粘着剤(感圧接着剤)、繊維加工剤、紙加工剤、無機物バインダー、塩ビ等の樹脂の改質剤、汚泥や産業廃棄物等の粘性土の固化安定剤、表面保護用再剥離性被覆材、化粧品用途等に好適に使用できる。
この中でも特にその機械安定性を活かし、セメント・モルタル混和剤、セメント・モルタル塗布剤、土木用原料、塗料などに用いたり、優れた耐水性、粘接着力を活かして、接着剤や粘着剤(感圧接着剤)として用いるのが好ましく、対象となる接着物(被着体)としては木材、紙、プラスチックス、繊維等が挙げられる。
The aqueous emulsion thus obtained has excellent mechanical stability, freezing stability, and high-temperature storage stability, cement / mortar admixture, cement / mortar coating agent, civil engineering materials, paint, adhesive, pressure-sensitive adhesive (pressure-sensitive adhesive) ), Fiber processing agents, paper processing agents, inorganic binders, resin modifiers such as PVC, solidified stabilizers for viscous soils such as sludge and industrial waste, releasable coating materials for surface protection, cosmetics, etc. Can be used for
Of these, the mechanical stability is especially utilized for cement and mortar admixtures, cement and mortar coating agents, civil engineering materials, paints, etc., and excellent water resistance and adhesive strength. It is preferably used as a pressure-sensitive adhesive), and examples of the target adhesive (adherent) include wood, paper, plastics, and fibers.

かかる接着剤として用いるにあたっては本発明の水性エマルジョンをそのまま一液の接着剤として使用することができ、水性エマルジョンは通常樹脂分濃度が20重量%以上に調整されるのが好ましく、さらには45重量%以上に調整されるのが好ましい。
樹脂分濃度が20重量%未満では乾燥に長時間を要したり、木材等の被着体内部に水性エマルジョンが浸透し過ぎたりする場合があり、そのために接着力が低下する傾向となり好ましくない。
When used as such an adhesive, the aqueous emulsion of the present invention can be used as it is as a one-part adhesive, and the aqueous emulsion is preferably usually adjusted to a resin content concentration of 20% by weight or more, more preferably 45% by weight. It is preferable to adjust to% or more.
If the resin content concentration is less than 20% by weight, it may take a long time to dry or the aqueous emulsion may permeate the inside of the adherend such as wood too much, which is not preferable because the adhesive force tends to decrease.

また、本発明の水性エマルジョンの水分を除去して再分散性合成樹脂粉末とすることも可能であり、かかる水の除去方法は特に限定されず、噴霧乾燥、加熱乾燥、送風乾燥、凍結乾燥、パルス衝撃波による乾燥等の方法を挙げることができ、工業的には噴霧乾燥が好適に行われる。
噴霧乾燥には液体を噴霧して乾燥する通常の噴霧乾燥機が使用できる。噴霧の形式によりディスク式やノズル式等が挙げられるが、何れの方式も使用される。熱源としては熱風や加熱水蒸気等が用いられる。
It is also possible to remove the water from the aqueous emulsion of the present invention to obtain a redispersible synthetic resin powder, and the method for removing such water is not particularly limited, and spray drying, heat drying, air drying, freeze drying, Examples of the method include drying by a pulse shock wave, and industrially, spray drying is suitably performed.
For spray drying, a normal spray dryer for spraying and drying a liquid can be used. Depending on the type of spraying, a disk type, a nozzle type, etc. can be mentioned, but any type is used. Hot air, heated steam, or the like is used as the heat source.

乾燥条件は噴霧乾燥機の大きさや種類、水性エマルジョンの濃度、粘度、流量等によって適宜選択される。乾燥温度は80℃〜150℃が好適である。乾燥温度が80℃未満では充分な乾燥が行われず、150℃を越えると重合体の熱による変質が発生するため好ましくなく、更に好ましくは100〜140℃である。   The drying conditions are appropriately selected depending on the size and type of the spray dryer, the concentration, viscosity, flow rate, etc. of the aqueous emulsion. The drying temperature is preferably 80 ° C to 150 ° C. When the drying temperature is less than 80 ° C., sufficient drying is not performed. When the drying temperature exceeds 150 ° C., the polymer is deteriorated due to heat, which is not preferable.

また、再分散性合成樹脂粉末は貯蔵中に粉末同士が粘結して凝集しブロック化してしまう恐れがあるため、貯蔵安定性を向上するために抗粘結剤を使用することが好ましい。抗粘結剤は噴霧乾燥後のエマルジョン粉末に添加し均一に混合してもよいが、エマルジョンを噴霧乾燥する際にエマルジョンを抗粘結剤の存在下に噴霧することが均一な混合を行いうる点、粘結防止効果の点から好ましい。同時に両者を噴霧して乾燥することが特に好ましい。   In addition, since the redispersible synthetic resin powder may be agglomerated and aggregated and blocked during storage, it is preferable to use an anti-caking agent in order to improve storage stability. The anti-caking agent may be added to the emulsion powder after spray drying and mixed uniformly. However, when the emulsion is spray-dried, spraying the emulsion in the presence of the anti-caking agent can achieve uniform mixing. This is preferable from the viewpoint of the caking prevention effect. It is particularly preferred to spray and dry both at the same time.

抗粘結剤としては微粒子の無機粉末が好ましく、炭酸カルシウム、クレー、無水珪酸、珪酸アルミニウム、ホワイトカーボン、タルク、アルミナホワイト、等が挙げられる。特に平均粒子径が約0.01〜0.5μmの無水珪酸、珪酸アルミニウム、炭酸カルシウム等が好ましい。抗粘結剤の使用量は特に限定されないが、エマルジョン粉末に対して2〜20重量%が好ましい。   As the anti-caking agent, fine inorganic powder is preferable, and examples thereof include calcium carbonate, clay, anhydrous silicic acid, aluminum silicate, white carbon, talc, and alumina white. Particularly preferred are anhydrous silicic acid, aluminum silicate, calcium carbonate and the like having an average particle size of about 0.01 to 0.5 μm. Although the usage-amount of an anti-caking agent is not specifically limited, 2-20 weight% is preferable with respect to emulsion powder.

かくして再分散性合成樹脂粉末が得られるのであるが、該粉末は水中に添加して撹拌することにより容易に再乳化しエマルジョンと同様に使用することができ、得られた再分散エマルジョンからも高い機械安定性が得られる。   Thus, a redispersible synthetic resin powder can be obtained. The powder can be easily re-emulsified by adding it to water and stirring, and can be used in the same manner as the emulsion. Mechanical stability is obtained.

かかる再分散性合成樹脂粉末も水性エマルジョンと同じく、セメント・モルタル混和剤、セメント・モルタル塗布剤、土木用原料、塗料、接着剤、粘着剤(感圧接着剤)繊維加工剤、紙加工剤、無機物バインダー、化粧品用途等として有用であり、特に、本発明の再分散性合成樹脂粉末はセメントやモルタルの混和剤として非常に有用で、かかる用途について説明する。   Such redispersible synthetic resin powders, like aqueous emulsions, are cement / mortar admixtures, cement / mortar coating agents, civil engineering materials, paints, adhesives, pressure-sensitive adhesives (pressure-sensitive adhesives), fiber processing agents, paper processing agents, The redispersible synthetic resin powder of the present invention is very useful as an admixture for cement and mortar, and is particularly useful for inorganic binders and cosmetics.

セメントやモルタルの混和剤として用いるときは、セメント100重量部に対して、20重量部前後、さらに5〜30重量部、特に10〜30重量部とすることが得られる硬化物の物性等の面で好ましいが、経済的な面も考慮すれば10重量部前後、さらに5〜15重量部、特に8〜12重量部とすることが好ましい。   When used as an admixture for cement or mortar, it is about 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of cement, 5-30 parts by weight, especially 10-30 parts by weight, etc. However, considering the economical aspect, it is preferably about 10 parts by weight, more preferably 5 to 15 parts by weight, and particularly preferably 8 to 12 parts by weight.

かかる合成樹脂粉末の配合にあたっては、予めセメントに混合(配合)しておく、予め水に混合(配合)しておく、セメントと水と同時に混合する等の方法が挙げられる。   In blending such synthetic resin powder, methods such as mixing (mixing) with cement in advance, mixing (mixing) with water in advance, mixing with cement and water at the same time, and the like can be mentioned.

以下に、本発明を実施例を挙げて具体的に説明するが、本発明はその要旨を超えない限り、実施例の記載に限定されるものではない。
なお、例中「%」とあるのは、断りのない限り重量基準を意味する。
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the description of the examples unless it exceeds the gist.
In the examples, “%” means weight basis unless otherwise specified.

製造例1:PVA系樹脂(A1)
還流冷却器、滴下漏斗、撹拌機を備えた反応缶に、酢酸ビニル800g、メタノール800g、グリセリンモノアリルエーテル73.6g(6モル%)を仕込み、アゾビスイソブチロニトリルを0.6モル%(対仕込み酢酸ビニル)投入し、撹拌しながら窒素気流下で温度を上昇させて重合を開始した。3時間後にアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを0.2モル%追加投入し、酢酸ビニルの重合率が95.5%となった時点で、m−ジニトロベンゼン及び希釈・冷却用メタノールを添加して重合を終了し、続いて、メタノール蒸気を吹き込む方法により未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーを系外に除去し共重合体のメタノール溶液を得た。
次いで、該溶液をメタノールで希釈して濃度50%に調整してニーダーに仕込み、溶液温度を40℃に保ちながら、水酸化ナトリウムの2%メタノール溶液を共重合体中の酢酸ビニル構造単位1モルに対して10ミリモルとなる割合で加えてケン化を行った。ケン化が進行すると共にケン化物が析出し、粒子状となった時点で、濾別し、メタノールでよく洗浄して熱風乾燥機中で乾燥し、PVA系樹脂(A1)を得た。
Production Example 1: PVA resin (A1)
A reaction can equipped with a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel, and a stirrer was charged with 800 g of vinyl acetate, 800 g of methanol, and 73.6 g (6 mol%) of glycerol monoallyl ether, and 0.6 mol% of azobisisobutyronitrile. (Various charged vinyl acetate) was added, and polymerization was started by raising the temperature under a nitrogen stream while stirring. After 3 hours, 0.2 mol% of azobisisobutyronitrile was added again, and when the polymerization rate of vinyl acetate reached 95.5%, m-dinitrobenzene and methanol for dilution / cooling were added for polymerization. Then, unreacted vinyl acetate monomer was removed out of the system by a method of blowing methanol vapor to obtain a methanol solution of a copolymer.
Next, the solution was diluted with methanol and adjusted to a concentration of 50% and charged into a kneader. While maintaining the solution temperature at 40 ° C., a 2% methanol solution of sodium hydroxide was added to 1 mol of vinyl acetate structural unit in the copolymer. The saponification was carried out at a ratio of 10 mmol with respect to the amount. When saponification progressed and saponified product was precipitated and became particulate, it was separated by filtration, washed well with methanol and dried in a hot air dryer to obtain PVA resin (A1).

得られたPVA系樹脂(A1)の平均重合度は、JIS K6726に準して分析を行ったところ320であり、ケン化度は、残存酢酸ビニルの加水分解に要するアルカリ消費量で分析を行ったところ99.2モル%であった。また、1,2−ジオール構造単位の含有量は完全ケン化した後1H−NMRで測定して算出したところ5.8モル%であった。なお、NMR測定には日本ブルカー社製「AVANCE DPX400」を用いた。 The average degree of polymerization of the obtained PVA-based resin (A1) was 320 when analyzed according to JIS K6726, and the degree of saponification was analyzed based on the alkali consumption required for hydrolysis of residual vinyl acetate. As a result, it was 99.2 mol%. Further, the content of the 1,2-diol structural unit was 5.8 mol% when calculated by measurement with 1 H-NMR after complete saponification. In addition, “AVANCE DPX400” manufactured by Nippon Bruker Co., Ltd. was used for NMR measurement.

製造例2:PVA系樹脂(A2)
還流冷却器、滴下漏斗、撹拌機を備えた反応缶に、酢酸ビニル1000g、メタノール 600g、グリセリンモノアリルエーテル69g(4.5モル%)を仕込み、アゾビスイソブチロニトリルを0.4モル%(対仕込み酢酸ビニル)投入し、撹拌しながら窒素気流下で温度を上昇させて重合を開始した。3時間後にアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを0.2モル%追加投入し、酢酸ビニルの重合率が94.5%となった時点で、m−ジニトロベンゼン及び希釈・冷却用メタノールを添加して重合を終了し、続いて、メタノール蒸気を吹き込む方法により未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーを系外に除去し共重合体のメタノール溶液を得た。
次いで、該溶液をメタノールで希釈して濃度50%に調整してニーダーに仕込み、溶液温度を40℃に保ちながら、水酸化ナトリウムの2%メタノール溶液を共重合体中の酢酸ビニル構造単位1モルに対して10ミリモルとなる割合で加えてケン化を行った。ケン化が進行すると共にケン化物が析出し、粒子状となった時点で、濾別し、メタノールでよく洗浄して熱風乾燥機中で乾燥し、PVA系樹脂(A2)を得た。
Production Example 2: PVA resin (A2)
A reaction vessel equipped with a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel, and a stirrer was charged with 1000 g of vinyl acetate, 600 g of methanol, and 69 g (4.5 mol%) of glycerol monoallyl ether, and 0.4 mol% of azobisisobutyronitrile. (Various charged vinyl acetate) was added, and polymerization was started by raising the temperature under a nitrogen stream while stirring. Three hours later, 0.2 mol% of azobisisobutyronitrile was added, and when the polymerization rate of vinyl acetate reached 94.5%, m-dinitrobenzene and methanol for dilution / cooling were added and polymerized. Then, unreacted vinyl acetate monomer was removed out of the system by a method of blowing methanol vapor to obtain a methanol solution of a copolymer.
Next, the solution was diluted with methanol and adjusted to a concentration of 50% and charged into a kneader. While maintaining the solution temperature at 40 ° C., a 2% methanol solution of sodium hydroxide was added to 1 mol of vinyl acetate structural unit in the copolymer. The saponification was carried out at a ratio of 10 mmol with respect to the amount. When saponification progressed and saponified substance was precipitated and became particulate, it was filtered off, washed well with methanol and dried in a hot air dryer to obtain a PVA resin (A2).

得られたPVA系樹脂(A2)の平均重合度は、JIS K6726に準して分析を行ったところ410であり、ケン化度は、残存酢酸ビニルの加水分解に要するアルカリ消費量で分析を行ったところ99.2モル%であった。また、1,2−ジオール構造単位の含有量は完全ケン化した後1H−NMRで測定して算出したところ4.5モル%であった。 The average degree of polymerization of the obtained PVA-based resin (A2) was 410 when analyzed according to JIS K6726, and the degree of saponification was analyzed based on the alkali consumption required for hydrolysis of residual vinyl acetate. As a result, it was 99.2 mol%. The content of the 1,2-diol structural unit was 4.5 mol% when calculated by measuring with 1 H-NMR after complete saponification.

製造例3:PVA系樹脂(A3)
還流冷却器、滴下漏斗、撹拌機を備えた反応缶に、酢酸ビニル800g、メタノール960g、グリセリンモノアリルエーテル98.1g(8モル%)を仕込み、アゾビスイソブチロニトリルを0.6モル%(対仕込み酢酸ビニル)投入し、撹拌しながら窒素気流下で温度を上昇させて重合を開始した。3時間後にアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを0.3モル%追加投入し、酢酸ビニルの重合率が95.8%となった時点で、m−ジニトロベンゼン及び希釈・冷却用メタノールを添加して重合を終了し、続いて、メタノール蒸気を吹き込む方法により未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーを系外に除去し共重合体のメタノール溶液を得た。
次いで、該溶液をメタノールで希釈して濃度50%に調整してニーダーに仕込み、溶液温度を40℃に保ちながら、水酸化ナトリウムの2%メタノール溶液を共重合体中の酢酸ビニル構造単位1モルに対して10ミリモルとなる割合で加えてケン化を行った。ケン化が進行すると共にケン化物が析出し、粒子状となった時点で、濾別し、メタノールでよく洗浄して熱風乾燥機中で乾燥し、PVA系樹脂(A3)を得た。
Production Example 3: PVA resin (A3)
A reaction can equipped with a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel and a stirrer was charged with 800 g of vinyl acetate, 960 g of methanol, and 98.1 g (8 mol%) of glycerin monoallyl ether, and 0.6 mol% of azobisisobutyronitrile. (Various charged vinyl acetate) was added, and polymerization was started by raising the temperature under a nitrogen stream while stirring. After 3 hours, 0.3 mol% of azobisisobutyronitrile was added again, and when the polymerization rate of vinyl acetate reached 95.8%, m-dinitrobenzene and methanol for dilution / cooling were added for polymerization. Then, unreacted vinyl acetate monomer was removed out of the system by a method of blowing methanol vapor to obtain a methanol solution of a copolymer.
Next, the solution was diluted with methanol and adjusted to a concentration of 50% and charged into a kneader. While maintaining the solution temperature at 40 ° C., a 2% methanol solution of sodium hydroxide was added to 1 mol of vinyl acetate structural unit in the copolymer. The saponification was carried out at a ratio of 10 mmol with respect to the amount. When saponification progressed and saponified substance precipitated and became particulate, it was filtered, washed well with methanol and dried in a hot air dryer to obtain a PVA resin (A3).

得られたPVA系樹脂(A3)の平均重合度は、JIS K6726に準して分析を行ったところ240であり、ケン化度は、残存酢酸ビニルの加水分解に要するアルカリ消費量で分析を行ったところ96.5モル%であった。また、1,2−ジオール構造単位の含有量は完全ケン化した後1H−NMRで測定して算出したところ7.8モル%であった。 The average degree of polymerization of the obtained PVA-based resin (A3) was 240 when analyzed according to JIS K6726, and the degree of saponification was analyzed based on the alkali consumption required for hydrolysis of residual vinyl acetate. As a result, it was 96.5 mol%. The content of the 1,2-diol structural unit was 7.8 mol% when calculated by measuring with 1 H-NMR after complete saponification.

製造例4:PVA系樹脂(A4)
還流冷却器、滴下漏斗、撹拌機を備えた反応缶に、酢酸ビニル1200g、メタノール 240g、グリセリンモノアリルエーテル64.4g(3.5モル%)を仕込み、アゾビスイソブチロニトリルを0.2モル%(対仕込み酢酸ビニル)投入し、撹拌しながら窒素気流下で温度を上昇させて重合を開始した。3時間後にアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを0.2モル%追加投入し、酢酸ビニルの重合率が94.2%となった時点で、m−ジニトロベンゼン及び希釈・冷却用メタノールを添加して重合を終了し、続いて、メタノール蒸気を吹き込む方法により未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーを系外に除去し共重合体のメタノール溶液を得た。
次いで、該溶液をメタノールで希釈して濃度45%に調整してニーダーに仕込み、溶液温度を40℃に保ちながら、水酸化ナトリウムの2%メタノール溶液を共重合体中の酢酸ビニル構造単位1モルに対して9ミリモルとなる割合で加えてケン化を行った。ケン化が進行すると共にケン化物が析出し、粒子状となった時点で、濾別し、メタノールでよく洗浄して熱風乾燥機中で乾燥し、PVA系樹脂(A4)を得た。
Production Example 4: PVA resin (A4)
A reaction can equipped with a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel and a stirrer was charged with 1200 g of vinyl acetate, 240 g of methanol, 64.4 g (3.5 mol%) of glyceryl monoallyl ether, and 0.2% of azobisisobutyronitrile. Mol% (vs. vinyl acetate charged) was charged, and the polymerization was started by raising the temperature under a nitrogen stream while stirring. After 3 hours, 0.2 mol% of azobisisobutyronitrile was added again, and when the polymerization rate of vinyl acetate reached 94.2%, m-dinitrobenzene and methanol for dilution / cooling were added and polymerized. Then, unreacted vinyl acetate monomer was removed out of the system by a method of blowing methanol vapor to obtain a methanol solution of a copolymer.
Next, the solution was diluted with methanol to a concentration of 45% and charged into a kneader. While maintaining the solution temperature at 40 ° C., a 2% methanol solution of sodium hydroxide was added to 1 mol of vinyl acetate structural unit in the copolymer. The saponification was carried out at a ratio of 9 mmol with respect to the amount. When saponification progressed and saponified substance was precipitated and became particulate, it was filtered off, washed well with methanol and dried in a hot air dryer to obtain a PVA resin (A4).

得られたPVA系樹脂(A4)の平均重合度は、JIS K6726に準して分析を行ったところ580であり、ケン化度は、残存酢酸ビニルの加水分解に要するアルカリ消費量で分析を行ったところ97.5モル%であった。また、1,2−ジオール構造単位の含有量は完全ケン化した後1H−NMRで測定して算出したところ3.4モル%であった。 The average degree of polymerization of the obtained PVA resin (A4) was 580 when analyzed according to JIS K6726, and the degree of saponification was analyzed based on the alkali consumption required for hydrolysis of residual vinyl acetate. As a result, it was 97.5 mol%. The content of the 1,2-diol structural unit was 3.4 mol% when calculated by measuring with 1 H-NMR after complete saponification.

製造例5:PVA系樹脂(A5)
還流冷却器、滴下漏斗、撹拌機を備えた反応缶に、酢酸ビニル800g、メタノール1440g、グリセリンモノアリルエーテル12.2g(1モル%)を仕込み、アゾビスイソブチロニトリルを0.6モル%(対仕込み酢酸ビニル)投入し、撹拌しながら窒素気流下で温度を上昇させて重合を開始した。3時間後にアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを0.4モル%追加投入し、酢酸ビニルの重合率が96.2%となった時点で、m−ジニトロベンゼン及び希釈・冷却用メタノールを添加して重合を終了し、続いて、メタノール蒸気を吹き込む方法により未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーを系外に除去し共重合体のメタノール溶液を得た。
次いで、該溶液をメタノールで希釈して濃度50%に調整してニーダーに仕込み、溶液温度を40℃に保ちながら、水酸化ナトリウムの2%メタノール溶液を共重合体中の酢酸ビニル構造単位1モルに対して10ミリモルとなる割合で加えてケン化を行った。ケン化が進行すると共にケン化物が析出し、粒子状となった時点で、濾別し、メタノールでよく洗浄して熱風乾燥機中で乾燥し、PVA系樹脂(A5)を得た。
Production Example 5: PVA resin (A5)
A reaction can equipped with a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel and a stirrer was charged with 800 g of vinyl acetate, 1440 g of methanol, 12.2 g (1 mol%) of glycerin monoallyl ether, and 0.6 mol% of azobisisobutyronitrile. (Various charged vinyl acetate) was added, and polymerization was started by raising the temperature under a nitrogen stream while stirring. Three hours later, 0.4 mol% of azobisisobutyronitrile was added, and when the polymerization rate of vinyl acetate reached 96.2%, m-dinitrobenzene and methanol for dilution / cooling were added for polymerization. Then, unreacted vinyl acetate monomer was removed out of the system by a method of blowing methanol vapor to obtain a methanol solution of a copolymer.
Next, the solution was diluted with methanol and adjusted to a concentration of 50% and charged into a kneader. While maintaining the solution temperature at 40 ° C., a 2% methanol solution of sodium hydroxide was added to 1 mol of vinyl acetate structural unit in the copolymer. The saponification was carried out at a ratio of 10 mmol with respect to the amount. When saponification progressed and saponified product was precipitated and became particulate, it was filtered off, washed well with methanol and dried in a hot air dryer to obtain a PVA resin (A5).

得られたPVA系樹脂(A5)の平均重合度は、JIS K6726に準して分析を行ったところ390であり、ケン化度は、残存酢酸ビニルの加水分解に要するアルカリ消費量で分析を行ったところ99.2モル%であった。また、1,2−ジオール構造単位の含有量は完全ケン化した後1H−NMRで測定して算出したところ0.8モル%であった。 The average degree of polymerization of the obtained PVA-based resin (A5) was 390 when analyzed according to JIS K6726, and the degree of saponification was analyzed based on the alkali consumption required for hydrolysis of residual vinyl acetate. As a result, it was 99.2 mol%. Further, the content of the 1,2-diol structural unit was 0.8 mol% when calculated by measuring with 1 H-NMR after complete saponification.

製造例6:PVA系樹脂(A6)
還流冷却器、滴下漏斗、撹拌機を備えた反応缶に、酢酸ビニル1500g、メタノール 75g、グリセリンモノアリルエーテル92g(4モル%)を仕込み、アゾビスイソブチロニトリルを0.05モル%(対仕込み酢酸ビニル)投入し、撹拌しながら窒素気流下で温度を上昇させて重合を開始した。酢酸ビニルの重合率が72.2%となった時点で、m−ジニトロベンゼン及び希釈・冷却用メタノールを添加して重合を終了し、続いて、メタノール蒸気を吹き込む方法により未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーを系外に除去し共重合体のメタノール溶液を得た。
次いで、該溶液をメタノールで希釈して濃度45%に調整してニーダーに仕込み、溶液温度を40℃に保ちながら、水酸化ナトリウムの2%メタノール溶液を共重合体中の酢酸ビニル構造単位1モルに対して10ミリモルとなる割合で加えてケン化を行った。ケン化が進行すると共にケン化物が析出し、粒子状となった時点で、濾別し、メタノールでよく洗浄して熱風乾燥機中で乾燥し、PVA系樹脂(A6)を得た。
Production Example 6: PVA resin (A6)
A reaction vessel equipped with a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel, and a stirrer was charged with 1500 g of vinyl acetate, 75 g of methanol, and 92 g (4 mol%) of glyceryl monoallyl ether, and 0.05 mol% (relative to azobisisobutyronitrile). The charged vinyl acetate was charged, and the temperature was raised under a nitrogen stream while stirring to initiate polymerization. When the polymerization rate of vinyl acetate reaches 72.2%, m-dinitrobenzene and methanol for dilution / cooling are added to complete the polymerization, and then unreacted vinyl acetate monomer is produced by blowing methanol vapor. Was removed out of the system to obtain a methanol solution of the copolymer.
Next, the solution was diluted with methanol to a concentration of 45% and charged into a kneader. While maintaining the solution temperature at 40 ° C., a 2% methanol solution of sodium hydroxide was added to 1 mol of vinyl acetate structural unit in the copolymer. The saponification was carried out at a ratio of 10 mmol with respect to the amount. When saponification progressed and saponified substance precipitated and became particulate, it was filtered, washed well with methanol and dried in a hot air dryer to obtain a PVA resin (A6).

得られたPVA系樹脂(A6)の平均重合度は、JIS K6726に準して分析を行ったところ690であり、ケン化度は、残存酢酸ビニルの加水分解に要するアルカリ消費量で分析を行ったところ98.5モル%であった。また、1,2−ジオール構造単位の含有量は完全ケン化した後1H−NMRで測定して算出したところ3.9モル%であった。 The average degree of polymerization of the obtained PVA-based resin (A6) was 690 when analyzed according to JIS K6726, and the degree of saponification was analyzed based on the alkali consumption required for hydrolysis of residual vinyl acetate. As a result, it was 98.5 mol%. The content of the 1,2-diol structural unit was 3.9 mol% when calculated by measuring with 1 H-NMR after complete saponification.

製造例7:PVA系樹脂(A7)
還流冷却器、滴下漏斗、撹拌機を備えた反応缶に、酢酸ビニル800g、メタノール1120g、グリセリンモノアリルエーテル147.2g(12モル%)を仕込み、アゾビスイソブチロニトリルを0.6モル%(対仕込み酢酸ビニル)投入し、撹拌しながら窒素気流下で温度を上昇させて重合を開始した。3時間後にアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを0.4モル%追加投入し、酢酸ビニルの重合率が91.8%となった時点で、m−ジニトロベンゼン及び希釈・冷却用メタノールを添加して重合を終了し、続いて、メタノール蒸気を吹き込む方法により未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーを系外に除去し共重合体のメタノール溶液を得た。
次いで、該溶液をメタノールで希釈して濃度60%に調整してニーダーに仕込み、溶液温度を40℃に保ちながら、水酸化ナトリウムの2%メタノール溶液を共重合体中の酢酸ビニル構造単位1モルに対して11ミリモルとなる割合で加えてケン化を行った。ケン化が進行すると共にケン化物が析出し、粒子状となった時点で、濾別し、メタノールでよく洗浄して熱風乾燥機中で乾燥し、PVA系樹脂(A7)を得た。
Production Example 7: PVA resin (A7)
A reaction vessel equipped with a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel, and a stirrer was charged with 800 g of vinyl acetate, 1120 g of methanol, and 147.2 g (12 mol%) of glycerin monoallyl ether, and 0.6 mol% of azobisisobutyronitrile. (Various charged vinyl acetate) was added, and polymerization was started by raising the temperature under a nitrogen stream while stirring. After 3 hours, 0.4 mol% of azobisisobutyronitrile was added, and when the polymerization rate of vinyl acetate reached 91.8%, m-dinitrobenzene and methanol for dilution / cooling were added and polymerized. Then, unreacted vinyl acetate monomer was removed out of the system by a method of blowing methanol vapor to obtain a methanol solution of a copolymer.
Next, the solution was diluted with methanol to a concentration of 60% and charged into a kneader. While maintaining the solution temperature at 40 ° C., a 2% methanol solution of sodium hydroxide was added to 1 mol of vinyl acetate structural unit in the copolymer. The saponification was carried out at a ratio of 11 mmol with respect to the amount. When saponification progressed and saponified substance was precipitated and became particulate, it was separated by filtration, washed well with methanol and dried in a hot air dryer to obtain a PVA resin (A7).

得られたPVA系樹脂(A7)の平均重合度は、JIS K6726に準して分析を行ったところ180であり、ケン化度は、残存酢酸ビニルの加水分解に要するアルカリ消費量で分析を行ったところ96.2モル%であった。また、1,2−ジオール構造単位の含有量は完全ケン化した後1H−NMRで測定して算出したところ11.2モル%であった。 The average degree of polymerization of the obtained PVA-based resin (A7) was 180 when analyzed according to JIS K6726, and the degree of saponification was analyzed based on the alkali consumption required for hydrolysis of residual vinyl acetate. As a result, it was 96.2 mol%. The content of the 1,2-diol structural unit was 11.2 mol% when calculated by measuring with 1 H-NMR after complete saponification.

製造例8:PVA系樹脂(A8)
製造例1における共重合体のメタノール溶液をさらにメタノールで希釈して濃度50%に調整してニーダーに仕込み、溶液温度を40℃に保ちながら、水酸化ナトリウムの2%メタノール溶液を共重合体中の酢酸ビニル構造単位1モルに対して8ミリモルとなる割合で加えてケン化を行った。ケン化が進行すると共にケン化物が析出し、粒子状となった時点で、濾別し、メタノールでよく洗浄して熱風乾燥機中で乾燥し、PVA系樹脂(A8)を得た。
Production Example 8: PVA resin (A8)
The methanol solution of the copolymer in Production Example 1 was further diluted with methanol to adjust the concentration to 50% and charged into a kneader. While maintaining the solution temperature at 40 ° C., a 2% methanol solution of sodium hydroxide was added to the copolymer. Saponification was carried out at a ratio of 8 mmol to 1 mol of vinyl acetate structural unit. When saponification progressed and saponified substance precipitated and became particulate, it was separated by filtration, washed well with methanol and dried in a hot air dryer to obtain a PVA resin (A8).

得られたPVA系樹脂(A8)の平均重合度は、JIS K6726に準して分析を行ったところ320であり、ケン化度は、残存酢酸ビニルの加水分解に要するアルカリ消費量で分析を行ったところ94.0モル%であった。また、1,2−ジオール構造単位の含有量は完全ケン化した後1H−NMRで測定して算出したところ5.9モル%であった。 The average degree of polymerization of the obtained PVA-based resin (A8) was 320 when analyzed according to JIS K6726, and the degree of saponification was analyzed based on the alkali consumption required for hydrolysis of residual vinyl acetate. As a result, it was 94.0 mol%. Further, the content of the 1,2-diol structural unit was 5.9 mol% when calculated by measurement with 1 H-NMR after complete saponification.

実施例1
攪拌機、還流冷却器、滴下漏斗、温度計を備えたセパラブルフラスコに水83部、製造例1によるPVA系樹脂(A1)を12部、pH調整剤として酢酸ナトリウム0.02部、不飽和単量体(メタクリル酸メチル/アクリル酸n−ブチル=60/40(重量比))18部を仕込み、攪拌しながらフラスコ内の温度を60℃に上げた。その間、窒素ガスでフラスコ内を置換しながら1%の過硫酸アンモニウム水溶液5部を添加して重合を開始した。初期重合を30分間行い、残りの不飽和単量体102部を4時間かけて滴下し、さらに1%の過硫酸アンモニウム水溶液5部を1時間毎に4回添加し、重合を行った。その後、75℃で1時間熟成した後、冷却して、固形分55%のメタクリル酸メチル/アクリル酸n−ブチル共重合体の水性エマルジョンを得た。
Example 1
A separable flask equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser, dropping funnel, thermometer, 83 parts of water, 12 parts of PVA resin (A1) according to Production Example 1, 0.02 part of sodium acetate as a pH adjuster, unsaturated single 18 parts of a monomer (methyl methacrylate / n-butyl acrylate = 60/40 (weight ratio)) was charged, and the temperature in the flask was raised to 60 ° C. while stirring. Meanwhile, while replacing the inside of the flask with nitrogen gas, 5 parts of a 1% ammonium persulfate aqueous solution was added to initiate polymerization. Initial polymerization was carried out for 30 minutes, the remaining 102 parts of unsaturated monomer was added dropwise over 4 hours, and 5 parts of a 1% aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate was further added 4 times every hour for polymerization. Then, after aging at 75 ° C. for 1 hour, the mixture was cooled to obtain an aqueous emulsion of a methyl methacrylate / n-butyl acrylate copolymer having a solid content of 55%.

上記で得られた水性エマルジョンについて、下記の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
(平均粒子径)
得られたエマルジョンをイオン交換水で0.05重量%水溶液になるように希釈し、大塚電子株式会社製ダイナミック光散乱光度計『DLS−700』を用いて下記の条件で測定し、ヒストグラム法にて数平均粒子径を算出した。
・CPS値(光量)が5000〜12000となるように、スリット切替ツマミ(Φ0.1〜Φ0.2)とNDフィルターツマミ(ND50〜ND25)を調整し、下記条件にて測定。
・SAMPLING TIME(基準クロック):40μsec
・ACUUM.TIME(積算回数):100回
・CORRE.CH(相関関数を収束させる設定値):256
(重合安定性)
得られたエマルジョンを水で希釈し、100メッシュの金網で濾過、金網上に残った粗粒子を105℃で3時間乾燥して、その乾燥重量(Xg)を求め、次式より粗粒子量(%)を算出し、重合安定性の指標とした。
粗粒子量(%)=[X(g)/エマルジョン中の固形分重量(g)]×100
The following evaluation was performed about the aqueous emulsion obtained above. The results are shown in Table 1.
(Average particle size)
The obtained emulsion was diluted with ion-exchanged water to a 0.05% by weight aqueous solution and measured using a dynamic light scattering photometer “DLS-700” manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. under the following conditions. The number average particle diameter was calculated.
-Adjust the slit switching knob (Φ0.1 to Φ0.2) and ND filter knob (ND50 to ND25) so that the CPS value (light quantity) is 5000 to 12000, and measure under the following conditions.
・ SAMPLING TIME (reference clock): 40 μsec
-ACUUM. TIME (number of integration): 100 times • CORRE. CH (set value for converging the correlation function): 256
(Polymerization stability)
The obtained emulsion was diluted with water, filtered through a 100 mesh wire mesh, and the coarse particles remaining on the wire mesh were dried at 105 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain the dry weight (Xg). %) Was used as an index of polymerization stability.
Coarse particle amount (%) = [X (g) / weight of solid content in emulsion (g)] × 100

(機械安定性)
安田精機製作所社製マロン試験機を用い、下記の条件にて測定した。
樹脂分 :20%
使用量 :50g
回転数 :100rpm(±20)
時間 :10min
過重 :40kgf
試験後のエマルジョンを80メッシュ金網で濾過し、金網上の凝集物の乾燥重量(Wg)を測定して、次式により、発生凝集物量(%)を求めて下記のように評価した。
発生凝集物量(%)=[W(g)/[50(g)×エマルジョンの樹脂分(20%)]]×100
○・・・発生凝集物量<0.10
△・・・0.10≦発生凝集物量<1.00
×・・・1.00≦発生凝集物量
(Mechanical stability)
Measurement was performed under the following conditions using a Maron tester manufactured by Yasuda Seiki Seisakusho.
Resin content: 20%
Amount used: 50 g
Number of revolutions: 100 rpm (± 20)
Time: 10min
Overload: 40kgf
The emulsion after the test was filtered through an 80 mesh wire mesh, the dry weight (Wg) of the aggregate on the wire mesh was measured, and the amount (%) of the generated aggregate was determined by the following formula and evaluated as follows.
Generated aggregate amount (%) = [W (g) / [50 (g) × resin content of emulsion (20%)]] × 100
○ ... Amount of generated aggregate <0.10
Δ ... 0.10 ≦ amount of generated aggregate <1.00
× ... 1.00 ≦ Amount of generated aggregate

(凍結安定性)
100mlポリ容器に得られたエマルジョン50gを入れ、−15℃の冷凍庫内に16時間放置し、エマルジョンを冷凍した。その後、25℃の恒温槽内に8時間放置し、エマルジョンを解凍した。これを繰り返して、解凍後に、エマルジョン状態に戻らず、固形分と水分に分離するまでの回数を測定して以下のように評価した。
○・・・10回以上
△・・・4〜9回
×・・・3回以下
(Freeze stability)
50 g of the obtained emulsion was put in a 100 ml plastic container and left in a freezer at −15 ° C. for 16 hours to freeze the emulsion. Thereafter, the emulsion was thawed by standing in a thermostatic bath at 25 ° C. for 8 hours. This was repeated, and after thawing, the number of times until the solid content and the water content were separated without returning to the emulsion state was measured and evaluated as follows.
○ ・ ・ ・ 10 times or more △ ・ ・ ・ 4-9 times × ・ ・ ・ 3 times or less

(高温放置安定性)
450mlマヨネーズ瓶に得られたエマルジョン300gを入れ、BROOKFIELD型粘度計にて、25℃でのエマルジョン粘度(V0)を測定し、さらに、60℃の恒温槽内に20日間放置した後、25℃でのエマルジョン粘度(V20)を測定して、その粘度比(V20/V0)を求めた。
(High temperature storage stability)
After putting 300 g of the emulsion obtained in a 450 ml mayonnaise bottle, the emulsion viscosity (V 0 ) at 25 ° C. was measured with a BROOKFIELD type viscometer, and further left in a constant temperature bath at 60 ° C. for 20 days. The viscosity (V 20 / V 0 ) of the emulsion was measured by measuring the viscosity of the emulsion (V 20 ).

(耐水接着性)
得られたエマルジョンを紙管用原紙に30g/m2塗布し、ただちに他の紙管用原紙と接着、ハンドロールで3回圧締し、室温で24時間放置した。かかる接着サンプルを30℃の水中に24時間浸漬後、接着状態を観察し、以下の基準により評価した。
○・・・材破
△・・・一部材破
×・・・剥離
(Water resistant adhesiveness)
The obtained emulsion was applied to a paper tube base paper at 30 g / m 2 , immediately bonded to another paper tube base paper, pressed with a hand roll three times, and allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours. This adhesion sample was immersed in water at 30 ° C. for 24 hours, and then the adhesion state was observed and evaluated according to the following criteria.
○ ・ ・ ・ Material failure △ ・ ・ ・ Single member failure × ・ ・ ・ Peeling

(再分散エマルジョンの機械安定性)
得られたエマルジョンの固形分に対して5重量%の無水珪酸微粉末(抗粘結剤)を添加して、120℃の熱風中で噴霧乾燥を行い、再分散性樹脂粉末を得た。得られた樹脂粉末20部を脱イオン交換水80部に添加し、攪拌して再分散エマルジョンを得た。得られた再分散エマルジョンの機械安定性を上記と同様の方法で評価した。
(Mechanical stability of redispersed emulsion)
5% by weight of anhydrous silicic acid fine powder (anti-caking agent) was added to the solid content of the obtained emulsion and spray-dried in hot air at 120 ° C. to obtain a redispersible resin powder. 20 parts of the obtained resin powder was added to 80 parts of deionized water and stirred to obtain a redispersed emulsion. The mechanical stability of the obtained redispersed emulsion was evaluated by the same method as described above.

実施例2〜5
製造例2〜5で得たPVA系樹脂(A2〜A5)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして水性エマルジョンを得て、同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
Examples 2-5
An aqueous emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the PVA-based resins (A2 to A5) obtained in Production Examples 2 to 5 were used, and evaluated in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 1.

比較例1〜3
製造例6〜8で得たPVA系樹脂(A6〜A8)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして水性エマルジョンを得て、同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
Comparative Examples 1-3
An aqueous emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the PVA resins (A6 to A8) obtained in Production Examples 6 to 8 were used, and evaluation was performed in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 1.

[表1]

Figure 2006316260
[Table 1]
Figure 2006316260

本発明の水性エマルジョンは製造時の乳化重合安定性に優れ、機械安定性、凍結安定性、高温での放置安定性に優れる。さらに、かかる水性エマルジョンから水分を除去して得られた樹脂粉末は水に分散させることで再び水性エマルジョンが得られ、かかる再分散エマルジョンは機械安定性が優れる。また、本発明の水性エマルジョンおよび再分散エマルジョンは耐水接着性に優れ、セメント・モルタル混和剤、セメント・モルタル塗布剤、土木用原料、塗料、接着剤、粘着剤(感圧接着剤)繊維加工剤、一般紙加工剤、インクジェット用紙加工剤、無機物バインダー、化粧品用途等として有用であり、特に、セメントやモルタルの混和剤として非常に有用である。







The aqueous emulsion of the present invention is excellent in emulsion polymerization stability during production, and is excellent in mechanical stability, freezing stability, and standing stability at high temperatures. Further, the resin powder obtained by removing water from the aqueous emulsion is dispersed in water to obtain an aqueous emulsion again, and the redispersed emulsion is excellent in mechanical stability. The aqueous emulsion and re-dispersed emulsion of the present invention are excellent in water-resistant adhesion, and are cement / mortar admixture, cement / mortar coating agent, civil engineering materials, paints, adhesives, pressure-sensitive adhesives (pressure-sensitive adhesives) and fiber processing agents. It is useful for general paper processing agents, inkjet paper processing agents, inorganic binders, cosmetics applications, etc., and is particularly useful as an admixture for cement and mortar.







Claims (10)

下記一般式(1)で表される1,2−ジオール構造単位を有し、かつ平均重合度200〜600でケン化度が95モル%以上であるポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A)とエチレン性不飽和単量体及びジエン系単量体から選ばれる少なくとも一種の不飽和単量体からなる重合体(B)を含有することを特徴とする水性エマルジョン。
Figure 2006316260

[式中、R1、R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立して水素原子又はアルキル基を示し、R4は単結合またはアルキル基を有していてもよい炭素数1〜3のアルキレン基を示す。]
Polyvinyl alcohol-based resin (A) having a 1,2-diol structural unit represented by the following general formula (1), an average polymerization degree of 200 to 600 and a saponification degree of 95 mol% or more, and an ethylenic resin An aqueous emulsion comprising a polymer (B) comprising at least one unsaturated monomer selected from a saturated monomer and a diene monomer.
Figure 2006316260

[Wherein, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and R 4 represents a C 1-3 alkylene group which may have a single bond or an alkyl group. . ]
ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A)が、ビニルエステル系モノマーと下記一般式(2)で示される化合物との共重合体をケン化して得られたものであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の水性エマルジョン。
Figure 2006316260

[式中、R1、R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立して水素原子又はアルキル基を示し、R4は単結合またはアルキル基を有していてもよい炭素数1〜3のアルキレン基を示し、R5およびR6はそれぞれ独立して水素又はR7−CO−(式中、R7はアルキル基である)である]
The aqueous solution according to claim 1, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol resin (A) is obtained by saponifying a copolymer of a vinyl ester monomer and a compound represented by the following general formula (2). Emulsion.
Figure 2006316260

[Wherein, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and R 4 represents a C 1-3 alkylene group which may have a single bond or an alkyl group. , R 5 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen or R 7 —CO— (wherein R 7 is an alkyl group)]
一般式(2)で示される化合物がグリセリンモノアリルエーテルであることを特徴とする請求項2記載の水性エマルジョン。 The aqueous emulsion according to claim 2, wherein the compound represented by the general formula (2) is glycerin monoallyl ether. ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A)の平均重合度が200〜450であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3いずれか記載の水性エマルジョン。 The aqueous emulsion according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin (A) is 200 to 450. ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A)中の一般式(1)で表される構造単位の含有量が1〜15モル%であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4いずれか記載の水性エマルジョン。 Content of the structural unit represented by General formula (1) in a polyvinyl alcohol-type resin (A) is 1-15 mol%, The aqueous emulsion in any one of Claims 1-4 characterized by the above-mentioned. 重合体(B)が、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A)を乳化剤として、エチレン性不飽和単量体及びジエン系単量体から選ばれる少なくとも一種の不飽和単量体を乳化重合して得られたものであることを特徴とする請求項1〜5いずれか記載の水性エマルジョン。 The polymer (B) was obtained by emulsion polymerization of at least one unsaturated monomer selected from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and a diene monomer using the polyvinyl alcohol resin (A) as an emulsifier. The aqueous emulsion according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the aqueous emulsion is. エチレン性不飽和単量体がアクリル系単量体であることを特徴とする請求項1〜6いずれか記載の水性エマルジョン。 The aqueous emulsion according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the ethylenically unsaturated monomer is an acrylic monomer. 平均粒子径が200〜500nmであることを特徴とする請求項1〜7いずれか記載の水性エマルジョン。 The aqueous emulsion according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the average particle size is 200 to 500 nm. 請求項1〜8いずれか記載の水性エマルジョンを用いることを特徴とする再分散性樹脂粉末。 A redispersible resin powder comprising the aqueous emulsion according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 請求項1〜8いずれか記載の水性エマルジョンまたは請求項9記載の再分散性樹脂粉末を用いることを特徴とする接着剤。


An adhesive comprising the aqueous emulsion according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or the redispersible resin powder according to claim 9.


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