JP2006315843A - Crane and its weight detection device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To simplify installation of a detector, and surely implement overload protection action by a highly accurate and stable detection action. <P>SOLUTION: RFID tags 9 to 13 with ID written with information are attached to a counter weight installed to an upper rotating body and a car body weight installed to a lower traveling body. The ID information is read by radio communication of the tags 9 to 13 with an RFID reader 11 disposed to the upper rotating body, and crane ability is set based on the ID information in an overload protective device 15. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a mobile crane on which a weight such as a counterweight is mounted, and a weight detection device that detects a weight mounted state of the crane.

  A crawler crane will be described as an example.

  In FIG. 6, reference numeral 1 denotes a crawler type lower traveling body, and an upper revolving body 2 is mounted on the lower traveling body 1 via a revolving bearing 3 to constitute a base machine A.

  The upper swing body 2 of the base machine A is provided with a boom 4 that can be raised and lowered at the front portion, a cabin 5 is provided, and a counterweight 6 for increasing crane capacity is attached to the rear end portion.

  As shown in the figure, the counterweight 6 is configured by overlapping a plurality of weight bodies 6a, 6b, and 6c (upper and lower in the example in the figure, which will be described in this case) on the front and rear sides.

  Further, depending on the crane, a car body weight (sometimes referred to as a spacer weight) 7, 7 for increasing the weight of the base machine and improving the stability is provided near the car body slewing bearing 3 in the lower traveling body 1. May be provided (see Patent Document 1).

  In addition, although not shown, there is a crane in which a crawler weight is attached to the crawler portion of the lower traveling body 1 and a weight called a dummy weight is attached to the winch space of the upper swing body 2. Hereinafter, these various weights may be collectively referred to simply as weights.

  Further, an overload prevention device (generally referred to as a moment limiter) 8 is provided in the cabin 5, and the overload prevention device 8 allows the weight to be installed (existence, number, position, individual mass, etc.). In addition, the crane capacity is set based on various factors such as the length, angle, and suspension load of the boom 4, and load monitoring, warning, automatic stop, etc. are performed so that the work load does not exceed the crane capacity. The load prevention action is performed.

  Conventionally, the following techniques are known as means for detecting a mounted state of a weight that is one of the factors that determine the crane capacity.

  (i) Technology that uses proximity switches or limit switches as means for detecting the presence or absence of weights (see Patent Documents 2 and 3).

(ii) Technology for detecting weight weight and moment load (see Patent Document 4).
Japanese Patent No. 3424616 JP-A-10-203784 JP-A-8-217382 Japanese Patent No. 3351562

  However, according to the technique (i) using the proximity switch or limit switch, the positional relationship between the detector (proximity switch, limit switch) and the weight needs to be accurately maintained in order to perform stable detection. For this reason, the installation position of the detector is limited by the installation position of the detector, and the detector is troublesome to be mounted. On the other hand, there is a possibility that misalignment occurs due to vibration during the operation and erroneous detection is caused.

  In addition, since the detector is a switch, other elements that determine the crane capacity such as the number of weights, individual positions, and weights cannot be detected even if simple detection such as the presence or absence of weights can be performed.

  On the other hand, with the technique (ii), the weight weight and moment load can be detected by one step, but the detection configuration is complicated, and it is difficult to ensure the detection accuracy with respect to the increase / decrease in the total weight weight ( In particular, when the total weight weight is large, it is difficult to detect a small weight change).

  Further, when any of the techniques (i) and (ii) is used to detect the mounting state of the weight provided on the lower traveling body 1 side, such as the car body weights 7 and 7 and the dummy weight in FIG. Since it is necessary to add a transmission device such as a slip ring as a means for sending the recorded information to the overload prevention device 8 provided on the upper swing body 2 side, the detection structure becomes complicated, and this is particularly difficult to retrofit. It becomes.

  Therefore, the present invention provides a crane weight detection device in which a detector can be easily mounted at an arbitrary position, and a highly accurate and stable detection operation can be obtained.

  Further, the present invention provides a crane that can easily incorporate the weight mounting state detected by the weight detection device into the overload prevention device, and prevent an erroneous capacity setting and perform a reliable overload prevention operation. It is.

  The invention according to claim 1 (weight detection apparatus) is provided with a weight for improving the stability of the fuselage in a base machine constituted by a lower traveling body and an upper swinging body that is rotatably mounted on the lower traveling body. An ID tag on which the ID information on the weight mounting state is written is attached to the weight, and an ID reader for reading the ID information is provided on the upper swing body of the base machine. Between the ID tag and the ID reader It is configured to detect the attached state of the weight by wireless communication.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the configuration according to claim 1, wherein the base machine is provided with a plurality of weights, and an ID tag is provided for each weight, while the ID information transmitted from each ID tag is read by one ID reader. It is comprised as follows.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the first aspect, a plurality of weights are provided in the base machine, an ID tag is provided for each weight, and ID information transmitted from each ID tag is sorted by a plurality of ID readers. And is configured to be read.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the configuration according to any one of the first to third aspects, a counterweight composed of a plurality of weight bodies is attached to the rear end portion of the upper swing body in the base machine. An ID tag is attached to the weight body.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to fourth aspects, a car body weight is attached to the car body of the lower traveling body in the base machine, and an ID tag is attached to the car body weight. .

  A sixth aspect of the present invention is the structure according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein a metal-compatible RFID tag is used as the ID tag.

  The invention of claim 7 is the structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an identification code of the weight of the weight to which the tag is attached is written in the ID tag.

  According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to sixth aspects, the ID tag is written with an identification code for the weight and position of the weight to which the tag is attached.

  The invention according to claim 9 (crane) is a crane in which an overload prevention device for performing an overload prevention action based on a crane capacity set with a weight mounted state as one element is provided in an upper swing body of a base machine. The overload prevention device is configured to set the crane capacity based on the weight mounting state detected by the weight detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

  According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the ninth aspect, the overload prevention device is configured to detect a weight when a capability data selected by an operator from a plurality of types of capability data relating to a weight mounting state stored in advance is detected. It is configured to allow the setting of crane capacity only when the condition is met.

  According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the ninth aspect, the overload prevention device automatically generates capability data that matches the detected weight mounting state from among a plurality of capability data relating to the weight mounting state stored in advance. It is configured to select and set the crane capacity.

  According to the weight detection device of the present invention, an ID tag is attached to a weight (a counter weight in claim 4 and a car body weight in claim 5), and ID information relating to the weight mounting state written in the ID tag is obtained by wireless communication. Because it is configured to read with the ID reader provided on the upper swing body, detection is not subject to any restrictions on the physical position of the detector (ID tag) compared to the case of using proximity switches or limit switches. The device can be easily attached by sticking or embedding it at any position where it can be easily attached.

  In addition, the detector mounting position with respect to the weight does not affect the detection performance as long as wireless communication is possible, so it is highly accurate regardless of variations in detector mounting position or displacement after mounting. A stable detection action can be obtained.

  Here, when the base machine is provided with a plurality of weights (a plurality of the same type or a plurality of different types) and an ID tag is attached to each weight, the information of each ID tag is stored in one piece as in the invention of claim 2. It may be read by an ID reader, or as in the invention of claim 3, for example, it is read by sorting with a plurality of ID readers provided for each weight or for each type of weight (counter weight and car body weight). It may be.

  According to the invention of claim 2, the installation space can be reduced and the cost can be reduced by using only one ID reader.

  On the other hand, according to the invention of claim 3, since a plurality of ID information is shared and read by the plurality of ID readers, the pattern of the ID code written on the ID tag can be simplified. In addition, since the wireless communication distance between the ID tag and the ID reader can be set short, there is no possibility of reading information from another device by mistake, for example.

  By the way, since weights such as counterweights and car body weights are usually made entirely or partially of metal, there is a risk that the magnetic flux of the ID tag may be affected by electromagnetic induction and interfere with information communication with the ID reader. There is.

  In this regard, according to the invention of claim 6, since a metal-compatible RFID (Radio Frequency identification) tag, that is, an ID tag that eliminates the influence of metal by setting a frequency or the like is used as an ID tag, a more stable detection action can be achieved. Can be secured.

  According to the seventh and eighth aspects of the present invention, since the weight mass or the identification code of the weight mass and the position is written in the ID tag, it is possible to detect the moment that is an element that determines the crane capacity.

  In particular, according to the invention of claim 8 in which the weight mass and position identification codes are written, in the machine in which the weight arrangement pattern changes, even if the weight position changes, it is possible to detect the individual moments of the weight. Capability data can be acquired.

  On the other hand, according to the ninth to eleventh aspects of the present invention, the crane capacity is set based on the weight mounting state detected by the detection device. (In claim 10, the capacity is set only when the operator's selection data matches the detection data. Since the setting is permitted, and the capability data is automatically selected in claim 11 to set the capability), the erroneous detection is reliably prevented in combination with the accurate detection itself, and the reliability of the overload prevention action Can be increased.

  In addition, when the weight on the lower traveling body side such as a car body weight is the detected body, information can be exchanged by wireless communication between the ID tag and the ID reader, so the detected information is overloaded on the upper swing body side. It is not necessary to add a transmission device such as a slip ring as means for sending to the prevention device. For this reason, the detection structure becomes simple, and retrofitting becomes particularly easy in this respect.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

Basic embodiment (see FIGS. 1 to 3)
In the following embodiment, the base machine A is configured by mounting the upper swing body 2 on the crane shown in FIG. 6, that is, the lower traveling body 1 via the swing bearing 3, and the upper swing body 2 of the base machine A The crane is provided with a boom 4, a cabin 5, and a counterweight 6 composed of three upper and lower weight bodies 6 a, 6 b, 6 c, and a car body weight 7, 7 on the lower traveling body 1. Take the example.

  In the basic embodiment, ID information is respectively provided on the front surface side of each weight body (hereinafter, simply referred to as a weight) 6a, 6b, 6c and the upper surface side of the car body weights 7, 7 constituting the counter weight 6. RFID tags (10, 11, 12, 12 and 13) are attached to the RFID tags to be transmitted (in the figure, branch numbers 1 to 5 are assigned to the different tags).

  These RFID tags (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “tags”) 9 to 13 incorporate an IC chip as a storage body, can store large amounts of information, can be written / updated, and do not require a power source. As a result, there is no need for wiring, and it has optimum characteristics as a detector for detecting the attached state of the weight, such as being maintenance-free.

  Various shapes and attachment means for each of the tags 9 to 13 can be selected. For example, it may be affixed to the surface of the weight as a card or label, or may be embedded in the weight as a disk or rod.

  Each tag 9-13 is written with the position of the weight to which it is attached (for example, in the case of each weight body 6a-6c of the counter weight 6, upper layer, middle layer, lower layer) and mass identification code (ID information). Yes.

  On the other hand, one RFID tag reader (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a reader) 14 is provided at a position away from each weight in the upper swing body 2, and wireless communication between the tags 9 to 13 and the reader 14 The ID information written in each tag 9 to 13 is read by the reader 14.

  Accordingly, the weights 6a to 6c, 7, and 7 are mounted, that is, the configuration of the counter weight 6 (three layers in the upper and lower layered structure), the individual mass and the total mass of each weight body 6a to 6c, and the car body weight. 7,7 positions and individual and total masses are detected.

  In this way, since the RFID tags 9 to 13 and the reader 14 detect the mounting state of the weights 6a to 6c, 7, and 7, the tag that is a detector as compared with the case of using proximity switches or limit switches. No limitation is imposed on the physical positions 9 to 13, and the tags 9 to 13 can be easily attached to any desired position by attaching or embedding.

  In addition, since the attachment positions of the tags 9 to 13 with respect to the weights 6a to 6c, 7, and 7 do not affect the detection performance as long as wireless communication is possible, variations in the attachment positions of the tags 9 to 13 and after attachment Regardless of misalignment due to machine vibration or the like, it is possible to always obtain a highly accurate and stable detection action.

  Information detected by the tags 9 to 13 and the reader 14 is sent wirelessly to an overload prevention device 15 provided in the cabin 5, and the crane capacity is set based on this information.

  The operation of the overload prevention device 15 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

  The crane capacity is determined by the work state (weight mounted state, boom length, etc.), and the setting is performed immediately before the start of work, that is, immediately after the overload prevention device 15 is activated. Further, when the work state is changed after the setting (for example, the boom length is changed), the capability is set again in the changed work state.

  Therefore, it is first determined in step S1 whether or not the overload prevention device 15 has just been started. If NO, it is further determined in step S2 whether or not the work state is being set.

  If NO in both steps S1 and S2, it is determined that the setting is not being performed, and the previous setting is continued as it is in step S3.

  If YES in one of steps S1 and S2, the process moves to step S4, and ID information (number of weights, position and mass of each weight, etc.) sent from the reader 14 is acquired.

  Thereafter, based on the acquired ID information, a suitable one is selected from previously stored capability data (step S5), and whether or not the selected capability data matches the setting by the operator. It is determined (step S6).

  If NO (does not match), in step S7, the operator is warned by lamp lighting, buzzer operation, etc., and the machine is automatically stopped (because it is before the work starts, the work is not started accurately). .

  On the other hand, if YES (match) in step S6, the ability setting by the operator is permitted. Thereby, work based on the set ability becomes possible.

  The “capability data” in step S5 refers to a portion (for example, a moment due to individual weights, a moment as a whole counter weight or a whole car body weight, etc.) determined according to the weight mounting state among various data for determining crane capacity.

  In this way, the crane capacity is set based on the weight mounted state detected by the detection device (capacity setting is allowed only when the operator's selection data matches the detection data), thus preventing erroneous settings. In combination with the fact that the detection itself is highly accurate and stable, the reliability of the overload prevention function can be increased.

  In addition, the car body weights 7 and 7 mounted on the lower traveling body side can also exchange information by wireless communication between the tags 12 and 13 and the reader 14, so that the information is overloaded on the upper revolving body side as in the past. It is not necessary to add a transmission device such as a slip ring as means for sending to the prevention device 15. For this reason, the detection structure becomes simple, and retrofitting becomes particularly easy in this respect.

Other embodiments
(1) In the basic embodiment, the overload prevention device 15 compares the capability data selected on the basis of the acquired ID information with the operator setting, and permits the capability setting by the operator when they match. However, the capability setting may be performed directly and automatically based on the acquired ID information.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 4, after the same steps S11 to S14 as steps S1 to S4 in FIG. 3, selection of capability data based on the ID information in step S5 in FIG. 3, and selection data and operator in step S6 Two steps of comparison with setting are omitted, and capability setting is performed by automatically selecting capability data based on the ID information in step S15.

  (2) In the basic embodiment, the ID information of all the tags 9 to 13 is read by one reader 14, whereas the type of weight, that is, the counter weight 6 (weight body 6a, 6b, 6c) and car body weights 7, 7 are provided with two readers 14a, 14b corresponding to the two types of weights, and the ID information is classified and read for each type of weight by both readers 14a, 14b. May be.

  With this configuration, the ID code pattern to be written to the tags 9 to 13 can be simplified. Moreover, since the combination of the tags 9 to 13 and the readers 14a and 14b can be specified and the wireless communication distance between the tags 9 to 13 and the readers 14a and 14b can be set short, for example, information from other devices is erroneously read. There is no fear.

  Note that a reader may be provided for each of the tags 9 to 13 to exchange information individually.

  (3) In each of the above embodiments, a plurality of pieces of information such as the number, position, and mass of weights can be detected. However, only a few of these pieces of information are detected or only the presence or absence of weights is detected. You may take the structure to do.

  (4) In each of the above embodiments, the detected information is used as capability data for preventing overload. However, the detection apparatus of the present invention can be used only for displaying tag information on a monitor or the like. Can be used.

It is a side view of the crane concerning basic embodiment of the present invention. It is a block block diagram of a tag, a reader, and an overload prevention device in the same embodiment. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the effect | action of the embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows other embodiment of this invention. It is a block block diagram which shows another embodiment of this invention. It is a side view of the crane for demonstrating a prior art.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Lower traveling body 2 Upper revolving body 6 Counter weight 6a, 6b, 6c Weight body which comprises counter weight 7,7 Car body weight 9-13 RFID tag 14 RFID reader 15 Overload prevention apparatus

Claims (11)

  A weight for increasing the stability of the fuselage is mounted on a base machine constituted by a lower traveling body and an upper swinging body that is rotatably mounted on the lower traveling body. While an ID tag on which information is written is attached, an ID reader that reads ID information is provided on the upper swing body of the base machine, and a weight mounting state is detected by wireless communication between the ID tag and the ID reader. A crane weight detection device characterized in that it is configured as described above.   2. The base machine is provided with a plurality of weights, and an ID tag is provided for each weight, while ID information transmitted from each ID tag is read by one ID reader. Crane weight detection device.   A plurality of weights are provided in the base machine, ID tags are provided for each weight, and ID information transmitted from each ID tag is sorted and read by a plurality of ID readers. Item 2. The crane weight detection device according to Item 1.   4. A counterweight composed of a plurality of weight bodies is attached to the rear end portion of the upper swing body in the base machine, and an ID tag is attached to each weight body of the counterweight. The crane weight detection device according to any one of the above.   The crane weight detection according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a car body weight is attached to a car body of a lower traveling body in a base machine, and an ID tag is attached to the car body weight. apparatus.   The crane weight detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a metal-compatible RFID tag is used as the ID tag.   The crane weight detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an identification code of a weight of a weight to which the tag is attached is written in the ID tag.   The crane weight detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an identification code of a weight and a position of a weight to which the tag is attached is written in the ID tag.   In the crane in which the overload prevention device that performs the overload prevention action based on the crane capacity set with the weight mounted state as one element is provided in the upper swing body of the base machine, the overload prevention device is claimed in claim 1. A crane configured to set crane capacity based on a weight mounting state detected by the weight detection device according to any one of 1 to 8.   The overload prevention device permits the setting of the crane capacity only when the capacity data selected by the operator from a plurality of capacity data relating to the weight mounting state stored in advance matches the detected weight mounting state. The crane according to claim 9, configured as described above.   The overload prevention device is configured to set the crane capacity by automatically selecting the capacity data that matches the detected weight mounting state from among a plurality of capacity data regarding the weight mounting state stored in advance. The crane according to claim 9.

Images